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The contribution of school curricula to public understanding and acceptance of evolution is still mostly unknown, due to the scarcity of studies that compare the learning goals present in different curricula. To overcome this lack of data we analysed 19 school curricula (18 European and one from Israel) to study the differences regarding the inclusion of learning goals targeting evolution understanding. We performed a quantitative content analysis using the Framework for the Assessment of school Curricula on the presence of Evolutionary concepts (FACE). For each country/region we analysed what this educational system considered the minimum evolution education a citizen should get. Our results reveal that: (i) the curricula include less than half of the learning goals considered important for scientific literacy in evolution; (ii) the most frequent learning goals address basic knowledge of evolution; (iii) learning goals related with the processes that drive evolution are often not included or rarely mentioned; (iv) evolution is most often not linked to its applications in everyday life. These results highlight the need to rethink evolution education across Europe.

In the present study, a thorough examination of nanoindentation-based mechanical properties of a refractory MoTaNbVW high-entropy alloy (RHEA) was conducted. Basic mechanical properties, such as the indentation modulus of elasticity, indentation hardness, and indentation-absorbed elastic energy, were assessed by means of different input testing variables, such as the loading speed and indentation depth. The obtained results were discussed in terms of the elasto-plastic behavior of the affected material by the indentation process and material volume. Detailed analysis of the RHEA alloy’s nanoindentation creep behavior was also assessed. The effect of testing parameters such as preset indentation depth, loading speed, and holding—at the creep stage—time were selected for their impact. The results were explained in terms of the availability of mobile dislocations to accommodate creep deformation. Crucial parameters, such as maximum shear stress developed during testing (τmax), critical volume for dislocation nucleation (Vcr), and creep deformation stress exponent n, were taken into consideration to explain the observed behavior. Additionally, in all cases of mechanical property examination and in order to identify those input testing parameters—in case—that have the most severe effect, an extensive statistical analysis was conducted using four different methods, namely ANOVA, correlation matrix analysis, Random Forest analysis, and Partial Dependence Plots. It was observed that in most of the cases, the statistical treatment of the obtained testing data was in agreement with the microstructural and metallurgical observations and postulates.

This research focuses on the role the sports of judo and football have in promoting Kosovo’s statehood in the international arena. Through this research, I will analyze the challenges Kosovo has with regard to sports and show the opportunities Kosovo has in its international promotion of statehood, in which sports diplomacy plays a very important role. Kosovo declared independence from Serbia in 2008 but has yet to become a member of the United Nations. Since it became a part of international sports organizations, it has played against countries that do not recognize its independence. Kosovo uses sports to gain recognition to some extent, with the sport that has most influenced its international promotion being judo due mainly to the Olympic medals that Kosovo won and the fuss this created in the international media. Still, other sports such as football have also had a positive impact. The sport matches the Republic of Kosovo has held in countries and against countries that do not recognize its independence have had great importance in promoting Kosovo’s statehood because the audiences in these countries recognize Kosovo.

In terms of climate forecasting, the Mediterranean region is among the most difficult. It is correlated with the five significant subtropical high pressure belts of the oceans and is symbolized by dry and hot summer and cold and rainy winter. Due to its location in the area, Albania is particularly susceptible to climatic changes. It has been noted that summertime sees the greatest temperature increases. More intense heat waves that stay longer and occur more frequently are anticipated in the eastern Mediterranean. The seasonal patterns of precipitation have not changed, but the amount of rain has become more intense. The effects of climate change have drawn attention to various renewable energy sources, including solar and wind power. In this study, the changes and prospective in average temperature, rainfall, humidity, CO2 emission and their impact in energy production were investigated. Several different models such as Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average method; Prophet algorithm; Elastic-Net Regularized Generalized Linear Model; Random Forest Regression models; Prophet Boost algorithm; have been built for the study and prediction of each variable. The appropriate models are used to determine the anticipated values of the indicators for a period of four years. The prediction shows an increase in CO2 emission which leads to a decrease in energy production by hydropower. These findings suggest the use of other renewable sources for energy production in the country and the Mediterranean region.

This article serves as an introduction to the special issue on the practice of translating audiovisual content through an intermediate language or text. This increasingly common yet underexplored area presents numerous challenges and opportunities for research and training. By employing a broad definition of this practice, we aim to highlight its significance and complexity. We start by discussing the rationale behind focusing on this topic, noting the conceptual ambiguities and diverse terminology associated with it. Then, we review past, present, and anticipated developments in the field, and provide an overview of the contributions within this special issue. To conclude, we identify research questions and potential future directions, emphasising the need for continued exploration and reflection. Ultimately, with this introduction and the special issue as a whole, we aim to bring attention to this critical practice in audiovisual translation, encouraging further scholarly inquiry and practical advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a series of questions and responses, in this dialogue-based article we aim to stimulate reflection on indirect translation within the audiovisual translation community, offering perspectives on this practice. We start by delving into the historical roots of indirect translation in the industry, questioning how far back such practices extend. Then we shift the focus to the challenges translators face in indirect translation workflows, to the potential contributions of research to the ongoing debates surrounding indirect translation, as well as to how indirect translation and machine translation intersect. Finally, looking to the future, we examine potential developments in indirect translation workflows and consider how educational programs can adapt to meet the changing demands of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: The article's significance lies in the substantial rise in the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD), necessitating the exploration of various approaches to rehabilitation and medical treatment. The purpose of the article is to detect the direct effect of physiotherapy for patients with PD and to identify how it helps in slowing down cardio‐pulmonary failure, improving the posture, balance, bradykinesia and tremor. Methods: The research utilised clinical data from 407 PD patients aged 30–100 years at the Central Polyclinic of Durrës, spanning 2011–2022, and included a systematic literature review and statistical analysis comparing physiotherapy outcomes with European Union standards. Results: The research demonstrates the efficiency of physiotherapy in the short and long term in the treatment of PD for patients and medical personnel. All information can be used to increase the functional abilities of patients and minimise complications after physiotherapy and to estimate the effectiveness of different exercises in delaying PD. Older adults, particularly those aged 71–80, are most affected by PD, with males more likely to be diagnosed. Physiotherapy rehabilitation improves motor symptoms, posture, and balance in 30‐80‐year‐olds, but its effectiveness declines with age. Advanced rehabilitation methods in Italy lead to better outcomes, suggesting the potential for improvement in Durres disease. Conclusions: The study emphasises the need for improved rehabilitation strategies for older patients by recommending tailored programs, advanced methods, standardisation, training, and long‐term monitoring. Further research should concentrate on the long‐term sustainability of physiotherapy benefits, the development of targeted interventions for older patients, and the integration of innovative therapeutic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a multifaceted phenomenon occurring on a continuum of severity. In this survey study, we investigated to what extent the affective (anxiety), cognitive (catastrophizing), and somatic (bodily complaints) components of MPA prior to solo performances vary as a function of age, gender, instrument group, musical experience, and practice as well as how these MPA components relate to self-rated change in performance quality from practice to public performance. The sample comprised 75 male and 111 female classical music university students, aged 15–45 years. Age was positively associated with anxious feelings and bodily complaints. Compared to male students, female students reported significantly more anxious feelings and catastrophizing. Singers reported less anxious feelings and catastrophizing than instrumentalists. Breathing-, mouth- and throat-related complaints were highest among singers and wind players; hand- and arm-related complaints were highest among string players and pianists. The indices of musical experience and practice had marginal effects. An average of four bodily complaints bothered the participants strongly to very strongly. Worsening in performance quality from practice to public performance was reported by almost half of the participants and was best predicted by anxious feelings and breathing-related complaints. We conclude that age, gender and instrument play a significant role in understanding the phenomenology of MPA. Musicians should be examined according to these characteristics rather than as one homogenous population. In particular, it might be valuable to develop assessment tools for MPA that incorporate items related to the bodily complaints that are most relevant to the different instrument groups. Breathing-related complaints could add an important dimension to the investigation of MPA and music performance. Finally, the high percentage of students reporting worsening of their performance quality from practice to public performance highlights the need of professional support to help music students be able to perform at their best and thrive as artists.

Efficiency in the game of football is possible only if phenomena is systematically defined as it is of primary importance for structuring the basic movements and the technical-tactical elements in the game of football. The main purpose of this research is to compare the midfielders of Superleague and First League of Kosovo in the technical element of the pass which is very significant for the quality of a footballer and especially of a midfielder. To this end, three hypotheses have been put forward which have been partially realized. The obtained results show that the Kosovo Superleague midfielders have shown higher efficiency in these specific technical elements during the game: in total passes, in accurate passes, inaccurate passes, in accurate short passes where Superleague footballers have had fewer long incorrect passes.

In the present study, a thorough examination of nanoindentation-based mechanical properties of a refractory MoTaNbVW high-entropy alloy (RHEA) was conducted. Basic mechanical properties, such as the indentation modulus of elasticity, indentation hardness, and indentation-absorbed elastic energy, were assessed by means of different input testing variables, such as the loading speed and indentation depth. The obtained results were discussed in terms of the elasto-plastic behavior of the affected material by the indentation process and material volume. Detailed analysis of the RHEA alloy's nanoindentation creep behavior was also assessed. The effect of testing parameters such as preset indentation depth, loading speed, and holding—at the creep stage—time were selected for their impact. The results were explained in terms of the availability of mobile dislocations to accommodate creep deformation. Crucial parameters, such as maximum shear stress developed during testing (τmax), critical volume for dislocation nucleation (Vcr), and creep deformation stress exponent n, were taken into consideration to explain the observed behavior. Additionally, in all cases of mechanical property examination and in order to identify those input testing parameters—in case—that have the most severe effect, an extensive statistical analysis was conducted using four different methods, namely ANOVA, correlation matrix analysis, Random Forest analysis, and Partial Dependence Plots. It was observed that in most of the cases, the statistical treatment of the obtained testing data was in agreement with the microstructural and metallurgical observations and postulates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the structure and state of cooperatives in Albania as a country with a unique history, a post communism country on the development of cooperatives. It is important to understand the way cooperatives are perceived at higher levels. Information strongly influences the development of trust among farmers. Access to information and trust play an important role in the emerging stages of cooperatives. However, the development of cooperatives still remains a very delicate issue in Albania due to misleading of trust issues from the communism era. Cooperatives should not be a 'forbidden' word in the Albanian vocabulary but instead should be considered as a normal and trusted topic at the governmental and organizational levels.

The aim of this research is to define the difference between two groups of football referees from Kosovo; 15 referees from Super league and 15 referees from First league, based on some motoric abilities. Referees have been tested on these motor abilities; 6x40m running, 7x150m running and 7x50m walking. Equipment and standard procedures are used during the test. In each of these motor abilities are counted central, basic and distribution parameters; arithmetical average, standard deviation, minimal rate, maximal rate, and distribution parameters (Skewness, Kortosis). In order to prove the difference between those two groups of referees is applied T-test analysis. The level of significance was set (p

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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the structure and state of cooperatives in Albania as a country with a unique history, a post communism country on the development of cooperatives. It is important to understand the way cooperatives are perceived at higher levels. Information strongly influences the development of trust among farmers. Access to information and trust play an important role in the emerging stages of cooperatives. However, the development of cooperatives still remains a very delicate issue in Albania due to misleading of trust issues from the communism era. Cooperatives should not be a forbidden word in the Albanian vocabulary but instead should be considered as a normal and trusted topic at the governmental and organizational levels.

This study shows mechanochemical synthesis as an alternative method to the traditional green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in a comparative manner by comparing the products obtained using both methodologies and different characterization methods. As a silver precursor, the most commonly used silver nitrate was applied and the easily accessible lavender (Lavandula angustofolia L.) plant was used as a reducing agent. Both syntheses were performed using 7 different lavender:AgNO3 mass ratios. The synthesis time was limited to 8 and 15 min in the case of green and mechanochemical synthesis, respectively, although a significant amount of unreacted silver nitrate was detected in both crude reaction mixtures at low lavender:AgNO3 ratios. This finding is of particular interest mainly for green synthesis, as the potential presence of silver nitrate in the produced nanosuspension is often overlooked. Unreacted AgNO3 has been removed from the mechanochemically synthesized samples by washing. The nanocrystalline character of the products has been confirmed by both X-ray diffraction (Rietveld refinement) and transmission electron microscopy. The latter has shown bimodal size distribution with larger particles in tens of nanometers and the smaller ones below 10 nm in size. In the case of green synthesis, the used lavender:AgNO3 ratio was found to have a decisive role on the crystallite size. Silver chloride has been detected as a side-product, mainly at high lavender:AgNO3 ratios. Both products have shown a strong antibacterial activity, being higher in the case of green synthesis, but this can be ascribed to the presence of unreacted AgNO3. Thus, one-step mechanochemical synthesis (without the need to prepare extract and performing the synthesis as separate steps) can be applied as a sustainable alternative to the traditional green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using plants.

The aim of the study was to compare changes occurring within 12 months after orthodontic treatment associated with age. This longitudinal study investigated 30 cast models of subjects previously treated for mild crowding without extractions and having bonded the same flat retainer in the lower arch. The cast models were obtained one day after debonding (T0) and also after one year (T1). Measurements were conducted in lower arch only: Little irregularity index (LII), Arch perimeter (AP), Premolar width (PW) and Inter canine distance (IcD). 15 cast models belonged to growing patients (12-18 years) and 15 to adults (19-25 years). The larger mean increase of LII was registered in patients aged 12-18 years, as 0.26±0.26 for Mann-Whitney U Test: Z=2.074; p=0.038. The AP value was significantly higher in group 12-18yrs, compared to group 19-25yrs for Mann-Whitney U Test: Z=3.837; p=0.0001. The PW value was significantly higher in group 12-18yrs compared to group 19-25yrs for Mann-Whitney U Test: Z=4.106; p=0.0001. No significant difference was found in the IcD value between the 12-18yrs vs. the 19-25yrs one for Mann-Whitney U Test: Z=0.041; p=0.967. Growing subjects showed changes in the lower arch during the first year after orthodontic treatment is finished. Growth factors should be taken into consideration during the post retention stage in growing subjects, in order to better plan retention and avoid relapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo del presente estudio fue avanzar en la metodología clínica y de investigación relativa a la evaluación psicopatológica poniendo a prueba la generalización internacional de un modelo de ocho síndromes derivado de evaluaciones de personas allegadas a adultos sobre los problemas emocionales, sociales y de pensamiento y conducta de dichos adultos. Informantes allegados a los adultos calificaron a 8.582 residentes de 18 países con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 59 años con el Adult Behavior Checklist(ABCL). Mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio se examinó el ajuste del modelo de ocho síndromes a las puntuaciones provenientes de cada país. El índice primario de ajuste del modelo (RMSEA) mostró un buen ajuste del modelo en todos los países, mientras que índices secundarios (Comparative Fit Index Tucker-Lewis Index) mostraron un ajuste de aceptable a bueno en 17 países. Se obtuvieron cargas factoriales robustas para los distintos países e ítems. De los 5.007 parámetros estimados, cuatro (0,08 %) se encontraban fuera de rango. No obstante, los intervalos de confianza del 95% comprendían el espacio admisible, indicando que la desviación de los cuatro parámetros podría deberse a fluctuaciones en el muestreo. Los hallazgos coinciden con la evidencia previa existente sobre la generalización del modelo de ocho síndromes obtenida de autoinformes realizados en 28 sociedades. Además, los resultados indican que el modelo es adecuado para operacionalizar fenotipos de la psicopatología del adulto a partir de evaluaciones de múltiples informantes en diversas sociedades.