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Caustic wash is one of many industrial processes that are used to produce jet fuel. In this study, an analysis of the key parameters of the kerosene caustic wash process was conducted to improve the total performance of the treatment process. The investigated parameters are caustic concentration (from 0.03 to 3.0 wt%), caustic volume (from 110% of theoretical to 250%), number of treatment stages (one and two stages), wash water type (demineralized water and alkaline soft water), and wash water volume (10% and 30% of kerosene feed volume). Results revealed that the reaction between sodium hydroxide and naphthenic acids is a diffusion-controlled chemical reaction. The diluted caustic solutions (0.5 wt%) are better than the concentrated ones (3 wt%). Higher excess caustic volume has a slight effect on kerosene acidity. Performing the caustic treatment process in one stage is sufficient, and the two-stage process has no effect on acidity. Washing caustic-treated kerosene with demineralized water (pH=7) has a slight adverse effect on kerosene acidity. Increasing the demineralized water volume results in a slight increase in the acidity of the treated kerosene. Wash water should be slightly alkaline (pH 7.5–8) to prevent the reverse reaction of sodium naphthenates back into naphthenic acid. Increasing wash water volume (more than 10 vol% of kerosene feed) has no noticeable effect on the water content of treated kerosene.

To evaluate the effects of water hardness on survival to hatch of eyed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs during iodophor disinfection, hard (300 mg/L CaCl2) and soft water (20 mg/L CaCl2) solutions were used in combination with iodophor treatments of 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg/L. Water hardness did not significantly influence egg survival-to-hatch. In addition, there was no significant interaction between water hardness and iodine concentration on egg survival. However, significant differences in egg survival due to iodine concentration were observed. Egg survival significantly decreased at 800 mg/L, with near complete mortality occurring at 1,600 mg/L. Rainbow trout eyed egg disinfection using iodine concentrations of 800 mg/L or greater are not recommended, regardless of water hardness (calcium) concentrations. Keywords: Eyed eggs, iodophor, disinfection, rainbow trout, water hardness, mortality.

We conducted a comprehensive overall tap water hardness assessment for Japan. Tap water was collected from 665 points throughout Japan, and its standing position was quantitatively clarified by prefecture. The mean and median hardness of tap water in Japan was 48.9 ± 25.8 (1σ SD) and 46.0 mg/L, respectively. Compared with 27 other countries, Japan exhibited soft water with low-mineral content. Water hardness tended to be high in the Kanto region and low in the Hokkaido and Tohoku regions. The impact of the distribution system’s water pipes on tap water hardness is discussed using a unified index to evaluate variations in hardness from raw to tap water. A comparison of the variations in hardness showed that hardness variations from raw to purified water and from purified to tap water exhibited a 20% variation range. Furthermore, tap water hardness and its fluctuations in any region of Japan were found to be caused by raw water hardness. It was demonstrated that the distribution pipe system had no large impacts on water hardness.

Climate change coupled with inappropriate burning practices has increased large-scale wildfires in Brazilian tropical savannahs (Cerrado). Considering that the effects of ash from wildfires on water parameters are scarcely known in tropical savannahs, this study investigated the chemical changes caused by ash in the soft water, commonly used for bioassays. To this end, ash samples were collected immediately following a fire in a Cerrado area (Federal District, Brazil) and put into water (1:10 ash:soft-water m/v) to check physical parameters under laboratory conditions. Major water-extractable elements (K+, SO42−, Ca2+, PO43−, Na+, Mg2+) from ash strongly altered water quality parameters: elevated total dissolved solids and conductivity levels as well as an increase in pH and decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration were reported over the course of the experiment (15 days) compared to control conditions. Our results point out relevant solubilized compounds from ashes which may potentially impact water quality in post-fire scenarios.

Sixty-seven (67) groundwater samples from different land use areas such as dumpsites, industrial, markets and residential all within Lagos, southwest Nigeria, were sampled and sent to ACME Laboratories, Ontario, Canada, for geochemical analysis to determine some essential and toxic elements using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer method. The purpose was to establish baseline values for the geochemical composition of groundwater in some parts of Lagos as well as the health risk assessment. Based on essential elements, 83%, 80% and 100% of groundwater samples were deficient in Ca, Mg and Se, respectively, while 75%, 10%, 7% and 8% of samples can be categorised as soft, moderately hard, hard and very hard water, respectively. The soft water, as well as different deficiencies in water, had been linked to heart problems, impeded growth, fertility disorders and liver diseases. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Fe were higher than recommended standards in 2.94%, 1.5%, 1.5%, 29.4%, 4.4% and 4.7% of groundwater samples, respectively. Groundwater in the study area can be classified between not contaminated ( 5) based on the contamination index. Highly contaminated samples were within dumpsites and industrial areas. The land-use activities have a direct or indirect impact on groundwater quality. The apparent sources of groundwater pollutants include industrial discharge, effluents, leachates and municipal wastes. The result of total health risk index for both ingestion and dermal exposure to water showed values far > 1 for all the toxic elements and generally pose non-carcinogenic health risk hazards for child and adult population in the study area. THI for samples from residential, market, industrial and dumpsites showed mean values of (9.60 and 3.75), (14.17 and 5.37), (9.8 and 3.4) and 95.44 and 37.48) for child and adult population, respectively. The degree of contamination in groundwater showed the following trends: dumpsite > industrial > markets > residential in the study area.

Water is the second important ingredient in coffee preparation after coffee type and affects the coffee quality. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of four different water hardness (bottled, purified, medium hard and hard water) used in filter coffee preparation on volatile compounds and flavour of filter coffee. The highest number of volatile compounds were determined in filter coffee prepared using medium hard water (12 furan, 7 pyrazine, 3 pyrrole, 2 aldehyde, 1 furanone, 1 ketone, 1 pyridine and 1 thiophene group, totally 28 volatile compounds). It was determined that the hardness of the water used in the preparation of filter coffee affected the area percentages of 2-methylfuran, 2-methylbutanal, 5-methyl-3-hexanone, 1-methyl-1H-pyrrole, 2-vinyl-5-methylfuran, 2- (methoxymethyl) furan, dihydro-2-methyl- 3 (2H)-furanone, 2-ethyl-3-methyl-pyrazine, 3-ethyl-2.5-dimethyl-pyrazine, 2-furancarboxaldehyde, benzaldehyde, 2.2'-bifuran and 2.2'-methylenebisfuran volatile compounds. Aroma characters (roasted coffee (2.77), roasted hazelnuts (2.35), almonds (0.96), raw vegetables (2.69), soil (0.96)) were perceived in low intensity in filter coffee prepared with hard water. Bitter taste (3.63) was the most perceived taste character in the filter coffee prepared with hard water, while hazelnut (0.40), spice (0.63), lemon peel (0.58), sweet (1.04) and sour (1.52) taste characters were perceived at the lowest level. In filter coffee prepared with medium hard water, the characters of hazelnut (1.63), spice (1.96), lemon peel (3.21) and sweet taste (2.23) were intensely perceived. While sourness was perceived most intensely in samples prepared with soft water (3.55), the intensity of sourness decreased in coffees prepared with medium hard water (2.55), and the lowest sourness was detected in samples prepared with hard water (1.52). According to the results of this study, it was determined that the water hardness affects the flavor of filter coffee, and it is advised to use medium hard water in the preparation of filter coffee to obtain filter coffee containing more volatile compounds.

Stabilized liquid membrane devices (SLMDs) have been used for passive integrative sampling of metals in freshwater systems. Field measurements of metal accumulation on SLMDs can provide a time-weighted average mass of labile metals over the deployment period. We exposed SLMDs in the laboratory to 0.5 μM solutions of silver, zinc, or aluminum as nitrate salts at three levels of water hardness, measuring metal accumulation every 4 days for 32 days. We saw linear accumulation in all experimental treatments, except for silver in high hardness (345.9 mg/L as CaCO3). The time-accumulation relationships indicated that metal sorption rates vary across valency with the lower valency metals generally accumulating at greater rates. Water hardness also affected accumulation rates and accumulated mass with greater rates as hardness increased for zinc and aluminum. The accumulated zinc mass at 32 days in soft water was 78% of the mass in hard water for zinc, and accumulated aluminum mass was 29% of the mass in hard water. Factors such as oleate formation on the SLMD surface and solution chemistry, including pH and chemical speciation, were evaluated in explaining our results. Our work supports that SLMDs have utility for sampling metals in freshwater over extended time periods, which may be beneficial when there is limited access to sites; it also provide important interpretive guidance for the use of SLMDs.

The durability of concrete infrastructure is related to the properties of the applied concrete and the effects of the aggressive external environment on it. When concrete is directly exposed to soft water, the leaching of calcium ions from hardened cement or cement-based pastes occurs, causing reduction in strength and further deterioration of the concrete structure. This paper presents the experimental results of soft water attack effects on phase composition and compressive strength of blended cement pastes, when cement is replaced with 0, 10, 20 and 30% of natural zeolite. In order to simulate soft water attack in laboratory conditions, paste specimens were exposed to leaching in deionised water up to 180 days. The evaluation of the changes in phase composition (ettringite, portlandite, calcium silicate hydrate gel) due to calcium ion leaching was made based on X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and paste compressive strength tests. The presence of portlandite and ettringite after 180 days of exposure to deionised water indicates that leaching did not influence the stability of the hydration products in blended cement pastes. Moreover, blended cement paste with 10% of natural zeolite had a higher compressive strength than the reference one.

According to the Tongdosa Historical Records, Tongdosa was recorded as having tea spring water for making tea, and th ere are still many tea springs today. The purpose of this study is to provide information on water quality and water taste evaluation of spring waters in Tongdosa areas. Aesthetic materials analysis result: Overall hardness is soft water, pH 6.42~ 8.60 (Average pH 7.11) and it was most neutral. It is suitable for drinking water quality standard (spring water). Analysis of water taste influencing factor: It was suitable for water quality standard (spring water). The amount of good arguments for flavor was SiO2 (22.25) > Ca (6.0) > K (0.48) the content of the flavor arguments are badly SO4 2 (1.59) > Mg (0.72). The results of tasty and healthy water evaluation: O-Index was 2.89~145.11(Average 40.6) and K-Index was –0.78~20.94 (Average 4.35). It was appear the total 32 items, tasty waters 32, healthy waters 8, tasty and healthy waters 8. In conclusion, the collected spring water is considered to be very useful as drinking water & tea water as soft water, neutral, tasty waters.

Agriculture within the Great Barrier Reef catchment area has contributed to pesticide contamination of adjacent freshwater ecosystems that flow into the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. A novel multispecies toxicity test was used to assess the toxicity of diuron and hexazinone, 2 herbicides commonly detected within the Great Barrier Reef catchment area, to a community of 3 tropical freshwater microalgae: Monoraphidium arcuatum, Nannochloropsis-like sp., and Pediastrum duplex. Diuron was the most toxic herbicide, with 10% inhibition concentration (IC10) values of 4.3, 7.1, and 29 µg/L for P. duplex, M. arcuatum, and Nannochloropsis-like sp., respectively, followed by hexazinone, with IC10 values of 15, 18, and 450 µg/L, respectively Toxicity testing on 2 commercial formulations (Barrage, 13.2% hexazinone and 48.6% diuron; Diurex, 90% diuron) showed that additives in the commercial formulations did not significantly increase the toxicity of diuron. Direct toxicity assessments were carried out on water samples from the herbicide-contaminated Sandy Creek, which discharges to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon, and a clean reference site, Tully Gorge in the Tully River. Toxicity was observed in several Sandy Creek samples. Artificial herbicide mixtures were assessed in synthetic soft water and natural freshwaters, with toxic responses being observed at environmentally relevant concentrations. The present study successfully applied a novel multispecies tropical microalgal toxicity test, indicating that it is an effective tool for the assessment of herbicide toxicity in both natural and synthetic freshwaters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:473-486. © 2020 SETAC.

Проанализированы различные способы и технологии защиты аварийных гидротехнических сооружений из мягких водоналивных дамб, используемых подразделениями МЧС России для борьбы с опасными гидрологическими явлениями. Сделан вывод о том, что все они либо не в полной мере обеспечивают защиту дамб, либо их применение подразумевает большие временные и экономические затраты при недостаточной эффективности. Описывается способ и технология защиты дамб с применением рукавов пожарных напорных, входящих в комплект дамбы для наполнения ее водой. Рукава при заполнении их воздухом обладают положительной (при необходимости переменной) плавучестью. Их нормативная длина, применяемые материалы, физико-механические свойства и конструктивные особенности позволяют использовать рукава в качестве защитного барьера, для предохранения дамб от механических повреждений. The use of soft water-filled dams as emergency water protection structures is quite effective for combating and eliminating the consequences of hazardous hydrological phenomena. They are widely used for these purposes by units of EMERCOM of Russia. The dams are made of various materials with a polymer film coating applied on a fabric base. The practical use of dams has shown that one of the problems arising in this case is to ensure their protection from mechanical damage caused by the dynamic pressure of solid objects moving throughout the water - boards, logs, fragments of wooden or plastic building structures. The methods and technologies of dam protection analyzed in the article are either insufficiently effective or require a lot of time, labor and financial expenses. In the process of developing a water-filled protective dam of a new design for the needs of EMERCOM of Russia there was proposed a method of its protection from physical and mechanical effects by using fire pressure hoses included in the dam kit as a protective barrier. When filling with air the hoses, hermetically connected by means of hose heads in a line, have positive (and, if necessary, variable) buoyancy, which is confirmed by the calculations performed. It is possible to fasten the hoses to the dam in various ways, by means of the structural elements of the dam or with use of the devices and accessories included in its kit. The standard length of one fire-fighting hose is 20 m, which is either equal or multiple of the length of one dam module. The design of the fire pressure hoses as well as materials used at their manufacture ensure a sufficiently tight fit of the hose to the body of the dam in spite of bends and deformations caused by water pressure. The power frame of the pressure fire hose of a dense weaving, made of high-strength threads, and an external polymer coating, have sufficient strength under external physical and mechanical influences. The use of fire hoses as protection of soft water-filled dams does not require additional financial costs. Fire pressure hoses can be used to protect other objects in the water during hazardous hydrological events in the area of possible movement of various solid objects.

Summary Smart water is one of the most common methods for increasing oil recovery factor (RF) widely used in both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. Smart water changes oil reservoir rock wettability from oil-wet to water-wet and increases oil RF. When smart water is combined with formation water, it can form sediments that will be called incompatibility, the results of which will be precipitation of inorganic scale deposition in surface facilities, flow lines, well tubing, gravel packs, and in the reservoirs. In contrast, by stabilizing the various nanoparticles in water, beneficial changes such as wettability alteration, sand production prevention, and decreased fines migration can be realized in oil reservoirs. Therefore, water compounds should be designed to have a minimum amount of incompatibility and the greatest amount of nanostability. For this study, the formation water and seawater were created in the laboratory. Seawater was diluted in different concentrations and combined with formation water, and the best-diluted seawater was selected. Sensitivity analysis was performed using the Taguchi algorithm on diluted water, and it was used to make smart soft water (SSW) and smart hard water (SHW). In this project, we aimed to compare the amount of incompatibility and nanostability in SSW and SHW. To analyze the amount of incompatibility, different compositions of SSW and SHW were made and combined with formation water. In all cases, soft water was more compatible with formation water. To compare stability, different nanofluids were made in optimized soft water and hard water. By testing the zeta potential, it was observed that soft water shows more stability. In general, this study proved two advantages of SSW over SHW.

Purpose The chemical analysis of wells in the Ardabil area, Ardabil Province NW of Iran, was evaluated to determine the hydrogeochemical processes and ion concentration background in the region. The purpose of this study is to analyze the hydrochemical quality of groundwater in Ardabil aquifer in order to assess the suitability of the waters for different uses. Design/methodology/approach The chemical analysis of 75 water wells in the Ardabil area, was evaluated. Over the entire area, the dominated hydrochemical types are: Na-Cl, Na-HCO3-Cl-Mg, Ca-SO4, Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl and Ca-Mg-HCO3. The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+ and SO42–> Cl–>HCO3– and major ion concentrations are below the acceptable level for drinking water. Most of groundwater samples fell in the soft water category. All of groundwaters belong to the excellent category and can be used safely for irrigation. Findings The chemical analysis of 75 water wells in the Ardabil area, Ardabil Province NW of Iran, was evaluated to determine the hydrogeochemical processes and ion concentration background in the region. Over the entire area, the dominated hydrochemical types are: Na-Cl, Na-HCO3-Cl-Mg, Ca-SO4, Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl and Ca-Mg-HCO3. The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+ and SO42–> Cl–>HCO3– and major ion concentrations are below the acceptable level for drinking water. Most of groundwater samples fell in the soft water category. All of groundwaters belong to the excellent category and can be used safely for irrigation. Originality/value The chemical analysis of 75 water wells in the Ardabil area, Ardabil Province NW of Iran, was evaluated to determine the hydrogeochemical processes and ion concentration background in the region. Over the entire area, the dominated hydrochemical types are: Na-Cl, Na-HCO3-Cl-Mg, Ca-SO4, Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl and Ca-Mg-HCO3. The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+ and SO42–> Cl–>HCO3– and major ion concentrations are below the acceptable level for drinking water. Most of groundwater samples fell in the soft water category. All of groundwaters belong to the excellent category and can be used safely for irrigation.

A number of small, shallow inland lakes in the Northern Hemisphere are acidic, soft-water water bodies, mostly fed by precipitation. Some of these lakes are home to Lobelia dortmanna and other aquatic macrophytes from the isoetid group. The present study identifies a plant species replacement trend along the main environmental gradient in such lakes, i.e. pH of water. In 70 lakes covered by the study and ordered along the gradient of increasing alkalinity, bryophytes gradually decline. Their decreasing frequency is 86.8% (pH 4.0), 32.5% (pH 6.5) and Littorella uniflora) often (frequency 40.5%) occurs also in eutrophic, alkaline lakes (pH 9.0–9.5), where it forms large populations. In lakes ranked according to the decreasing alkalinity gradient, bryophyte populations have been found to be smaller, while vascular plants become more abundant. The decreasing water acidity leads to partial or total elimination of bryophytes, which are replaced by eutrophilic vascular plants, frequently accompanied by some stonewort species.

The main objective of the present study is to determine lead toxicity on various sizes of zebra fish in soft and hard water. Lead toxicity analysis was carried out in the laboratory trials for four days at various concentrations for the determination of LC50 value. Zebra fish was grouped into various sizes (G1-G4) and treated with lead for 96 h. Lead induced toxicity and induced various behavioural changes in Zebra fish. In the case of G1 (1.5 ± 0.2 cm length) fish the LC50 values ranged from 27.2 ± 1.8 mg/L to 9.7 ± 1.3 mg/L. In G2 (2.0 ± 0.2 cm length) fish, the LC50 value was 37.01 ± 2.3 mg/L and it reduced as 32.03 ± 3.4 mg/L after 48 h. In G3 group (2.5 ± 0.2 cm length fish), LC50 value was 38.78 ± 2.4 mg/L after 24 h treatment and this value decreased as 33.18 ± 1.1 mg/L after 48 h. After 72 h, LC50 value was 27.2 ± 2.1 mg/L and this value decreased considerably after 96 h (18.3 ± 2.1 mg/L) in G4 (3.0 ± 0.2 cm length) fish. Further, G4 fish was treated with lead in hard water and LC50 value was analyzed. LC50 value was observed as 28.62 ± 2.7 mg/L in hard water and the same fish group (G4) showed 18.3 ± 2.1 mg/L after 96 h. Toxicity analysis revealed that lead is less toxic in hard water than in soft water. Keywords: Lead, Toxicity, Water hardness, Zebra fish

In this study, we investigated the reduction of toxic Cr(VI) to less toxic Cr(III) using ascorbic acid in various aqueous solutions: deionized water, synthetic soft water, synthetic hard water, and real tap water. The experiments were performed using a statistical experimental design. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to correlate Cr(VI) reduction (response variable) with experimental parameters such as initial Cr(VI) concentration, humic acid concentration, and ascorbic acid dosage. The empirical model obtained from the experiments was used to estimate and optimize the quantity of ascorbic acid required for the reduction of ≥ 99% Cr(VI) in water. The optimized dosages of ascorbic acid were predicted and experimentally validated for > 99.5% reduction of Cr(VI) (1, 10, 20, and 100 mg/L) in the solutions. Even a solution containing an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 100 mg/L was reduced in concentration ≥ 99.9% with optimal dosage of ascorbic acid (500 mg/L) in the presence of 20 mg/L humic acid. Moreover, the reaction kinetics (kobs-Cr(VI) = 0.71 mM−1 s−1) were sufficient to reduce the ≥ 99.9% Cr(VI) in 20 min. This study sheds new light on the effect of ascorbic acid on Cr(VI) reduction, and provides knowledge fundamental to optimize treatment of Cr(VI) contaminated water to environmentally acceptable endpoints.

The aim of this study was to investigate the negative impact of a newly-formed manganese (Mn)-layer on calcite dissolution in the long-term operation of a calcite contactor. Simultaneous removal of Mn and remineralization of soft water in an up-flow calcite contactor was conducted and led to a progressive loading of Mn into the calcite matrix. The calcite contactor demonstrated high Mn removal; however, the hardness release decreased from 32 to 20 mg CaCO 3 L −1 after 600 h of operation on a high Mn concentration (5 mg L −1 ) feed. For an elevated Mn concentration (i.e. 5 mg Mn L −1 ) in the feed water, the coated layer was mainly composed of Mn which inhibits the mass transfer from the calcite core to the liquid phase. The superficial layer was identified as 5.2% Mn oxides (MnOx) by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Therefore, it is postulated that Mn removal starts with an ion exchange sorption reaction between soluble Mn 2+ from aqueous phase and Ca 2+ from the CaCO 3 matrix which is followed by a slow recrystallization of MnCO 3 into MnO 2 . On the other hand, when the Mn content in the feed water was lower (i.e. 0.5 mg Mn L −1 ), a considerably lower amount of MnOx was detected on the coated media. For all the examined conditions, the formation of this coating improved Mn removal due to the autocatalytic nature of the adsorption/oxidation of dissolved manganese by MnOx. A mechanistic model based on calcite dissolution and the progressive formation of a MnO 2 layer was implemented in PHREEQC software to predict the reduction in hardness release expected in long-term operation. The model was calibrated with experimental data and resulted in realistic breakthrough curves. In order to accurately predict the pH of the effluent stream, a slow-rate recrystallization of MnCO 3 into MnO 2 was implemented (compared to the fast precipitation of MnO 2 or the absence of MnO 2 formation).

Graphene oxide (GO), used in a wide variety of applications, is increasingly being introduced into aquatic environments; this situation calls for research on GO aggregation and sedimentation to regulate the environmental behaviors and risks. Many studies have investigated the aggregation and the mechanism of GO in water with a single background salt (monosalt system); however, this may not reflect real water environments where multiple salts coexist (multisalt system). A typical synthetic surface water (soft water) with representative multisalts was therefore used to study the aggregation and sedimentation of GO. The GO concentration-dependent aggregation (low concentration aggregation, high concentration stability) was observed in the soft water, and this concentration-dependent aggregation is opposite to the aggregation in monosalt systems (NaCl or CaCl2 solutions). The presence of GO sheets induced the formation of amorphous CaMg(CO3)2 nanoparticles on the GO surfaces in the soft water, and the formed nanoparticles promoted the aggregation and sedimentation of low concentrations of GO through bridging action. Neutral and alkaline conditions were favorable for the formation of CaMg(CO3)2 nanoparticles and the induced GO aggregation. These findings show a new mechanism of GO aggregation in environmentally relevant waters and help us to better evaluate the environmental fate of GO.

Brewing water is one of the basic raw materials for beer production and knowledge of its composition and pH is essential for the proper conduct of the entire brewing process. In this study, it was observed how the composition of water influences OG values, content of B vitamins, organic acids and iso-α-acids. For brewing, synthetic water was prepared by adding chemicals to deionized water. Models of hard (pH 8.47 ±0.08) and soft (pH 7.68 ±0.23) synthetic water were used for brewing pale bottom-fermented lager beers. Samples of wort, hopped wort, young beer and beer were collected during beer production. HPLC-DAD was used for B vitamins and iso-α-bitter acids quantification. Determination of organic acids was done by ion chromatography with conductivity detector. Obtained data were statistically processed with ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and interval of confidence was set to 95%. According to the statistical analysis, water composition affects analytes content during beer production and in the final product. Hard water seemed to be a better extraction buffer and its composition (pH) positively affected some processes during brewing technology. One of them was obtaining higher OG values compared to soft water. The beer made from hard water also contained more B vitamins. Composition of brewing water had no influence neither on concentration of organic acids nor on iso-α-acids in conditions of homebrewing.