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For positive or negative, one stakeholder’s utility derives in part from her/his perceptions of how other stakeholders are being treated by the business. Yet, to date, the stakeholder literature ha...

COVID-19 arrived in Latin America early in March 2020. Currently, strategies are being developed in Colombia focusing on the quarantine and social and economic capital reactivation, whereby the expected results are not being obtained. In this article, we propose to review scientific evidence-based literature where information on the operation and adaptation of health systems, and social, economic and solidarity sectors of Colombia is presented. The purpose is to identify COVID-19 implications in the network that provides health services, quality of life and health-disease prognosis in the country, which is not prepared to face crises of social nature and of health systems, as well as the economic and solidarity impacts that are brought about by pandemics and crude episodes of disease.

Aim. To summarize the experience of conducting special tactical exercises of the forces and means of the EMERCOM of Russia in the event of a massive admission of victims of an emergency of a biological and social nature (terrorist act) to a multidisciplinary hospital and an airmobile hospital of the EMERCOM of Russia.Materials and methods. The normative documents and experience in response of the EMERCOM of Russia during the training period with a massive influx of victims were analyzed.Results and their analysis. The results of special tactical exercises, the experience of the deployment and actions of the forces and means of the EMERCOM of Russia during the mass admission of victims of a terrorist act to a multidisciplinary hospital and an airmobile hospital of the EMERCOM of Russia are presented. For evacuating 50 victims, ambulance aircraft (MI-8 helicopter), ambulances and cars were used. The exercise was attended by over 300 people, including observers and participants in the exercise, victims.Conclusion. The data obtained are an important basis for maintaining the readiness of the forces and means of the Russian Emergencies Ministry to respond to emergencies.

A recent turn in the cognitive sciences has deepened the attention on embodied and situated dynamics for explaining different cognitive processes such as perception, emotion, and social cognition. This has fostered an extensive interest in the social and ‘intersubjective’ nature of moral behavior, especially from the perspective of enactivism. In this paper, I argue that embodied and situated perspectives, enactivism in particular, nonetheless require further improvements with regards to their analysis of the social nature of human morality. In brief, enactivist proposals still do not define what features of the social-relational context, or which kind of processes within social interactions, make an evaluation or action morally relevant or distinctive from other types of social normativity. As an alternative to this proclivity, and seeking to complement the enactive perspective, I present a definition of the process of moral sense-making and offer an empirically-based ethical distinction between different domains of social knowledge in moral development. For doing so, I take insights from the constructivist tradition in moral psychology. My objective is not to radically oppose embodied and enactive alternatives but to expand the horizon of their conceptual and empirical contributions to morality research.

Esta revisão bibliográfica teve por objetivo investigar o processo evolutivo das regras visando a adaptação do jogo aos variados públicos e também buscando atender às necessidades midiáticas e de cunho prático-social. Para atender a este objetivo, reporta-se à produção científica em cinco livros, e em revistas e artigos sobre a temática, utilizando as palavras chave “voleibol”, “evolução”, “regras” e “progressão midiática”. Classificam-se os dados em quatro fases. Conclui-se que o posicionamento da modalidade atual proveniente dos entraves dialógicos que vão de encontro à difusão, organização, evolução tática e a midiatização do voleibol aconteceram mediante essas divisões, gerando o formato de jogo-produto atual e com todas as suas nuanças para o bom funcionamento do mesmo enquanto esporte difundido mundialmente.

The article presents an analysis of different approaches of domestic scientists to the interpretation of the concept of «social work management». The author surveys the features of management as an object of governance in the activities of a social worker. Features include the social nature of management information; the need for motivation methods that effectively influences and motivates professionals to better results in social work; availability of social workers' professional competence; the presence of problems with forecasting the results of management in the social sphere; the importance of current and final management results. The author proves the necessity of social workers' self-management skills (time management, motivation, stress resistance and recuperation, development of emotional intelligence) for the effective performance of management tasks in professional activities. The article highlights the principles that should be followed in solving organizational and managerial tasks in social work management (purposefulness, ability of realization, adaptability, efficiency). The researcher presents the structure of social work management methods in the study (economic, administrative, social counselling, psychological and pedagogical influence, social influence). Research characterizes the methods of social work management while working with recipients of social services (methods of individual social work, methods of group social work, methods of community work, methods of social service design).

Pencak silat is part of the Indonesian culture that plays a role in shaping morals towards the environment. This study aims to find the moral values and conservation of the Cimande pencak silat. The research method used is a qualitative method. Collecting data by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Selection of informants with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis with data triangulation approach. The findings show that Cimande pencak silat has moral values to God, humans and the environment. If the opponent has lost, they must be respected by not hitting the opponent and insulting the opponent and not being allowed to step on the opponent. Likewise, with nature, Cimande members are not allowed to throw garbage into the river and treat living creatures like animals properly. Another finding there are several way to protect pencak silat from extinction such as releasing literacy to youth about silat, modifying the method and categorizing silat players from junior and senior as well as promote silat at school. Another finding is that there are health values from the Cimande silat game and contains religious values and there are social values from Cimande pencak silat activities

Current tendencies question the role of science in modern society, force returning to the processes of formation of the scientific paradigm. The latter was complex and nonlinear, and the formation of scientific principles of cognition was their natural result. Throughout human history, the knowledge about the objective world has been acquired and used in various, historically necessary forms – both in the methodology of cognition and in the method of systematisation, which was determined by the level of their accumulation. The accumulation of knowledge took place in different ways: in the process of direct practical activity, on the basis of supposedly “foreign” contemplation and as a result of conscious influence on an object of study (experiment) with their different “specific weight” at different historical stages. As for the systematisation, the need for which was determined by systemic nature of an object of knowledge and the social nature of knowledge, throughout the history of mankind its forms differed considerably, but, in the end, were reduced to three main ones.

Introduction: Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is critical to personal health, protecting vulnerable populations, reopening socio-economic life, and achieving population health and safety through immunity. The primary aim of this review was to investigate the extent and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in South Africa to inform the development of strategies to address it. A secondary aim was to enhance understandings of and responses to vaccine hesitancy more generally in South Africa, with potential positive effect on vaccination uptake during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.Areas covered: We reviewed the findings from surveys conducted in South Africa from February 2020 to March 2021 that investigated acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. Surveys were identified through searching electronic databases of peer-reviewed and gray literature and contacting experts.Expert opinion: The review reveals the inherently social nature of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in South Africa, potentially influenced by age, race, education, politics, geographical location, and employment. Along with the provision of information, COVID-19 vaccine communication strategies need to form part of broader trust-building measures that focus on relationships, transparency, participation, and justice. The pandemic also provides a unique opportunity to positively intervene and reduce vaccine hesitancy trends more generally in South Africa and potentially elsewhere.

Current theorizing in the field of cognitive science embraces the concept that cognitive activity is not centered in the brain alone but is dependent on embodiment and the environment in which it i...

[EN] During the Covid-19 pandemic, humanity has been subject to different degrees of confinement, forever altering our expectations of life on the planet. These circumstances opened numerous doors to reflection, encouraging us to observe our own existence, both individually and collectively, with a different perspective. Art -as a discipline of knowledge- has allowed a large number of artists to address these issues from a creative perspective, offering solutions to the distance brought about by the virus, and discovering new links and spaces for expression on the Internet. With the aim of weaving networks of creation and opening new channels of communication, the curator and artist Elizabeth Ross summoned artists from eight countries to make their personal experiences visible during the state of contingency through the discipline of video. In Contingency (2020) artists from various parts of the world share their experience. Among them the Mexicans Amanda Gutiérrez from Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates); Paola Paz Yee in Bahía de Banderas (Nayarit); Alejandra Ruvalcaba from the State of Mexico, the artists Elizabeth Ross, María Campiglia (Argentina) and Puerto Rican Jeannette Betancourt from Mexico City. Mercedes Fidenza from Cerro Colorado (Córdoba, Argentina); Costa Ricans Anna Matteucci and Lucía Madriz, the latter from Germany; Sandra Petrovich from Montevideo (Uruguay); from Montreal (Canada) Christine Brault; from Spain: Yolanda Relinque (Estepona, Málaga) and Inmaculada Abarca (Xàtiva, Valencia), and from Columbus (Ohio, USA) the Colombian Aleha Solano. The project has been exhibited and presented online in the Mexican magazines El rizo robado and Antidogma, commented by Mónica Mayer, as well as in the Women's Museum of Costa Rica, at the NewMediaFest2020 Corona Shut Down (Cologne, Germany); at Waterpieces, International Contemporary and Video Art Festival in Riga, Latvia (Latvia) and in the city of Kunming, Yunnan (China)., [ES] Durante la pandemia Covid19, la humanidad ha estado sujeta a diferentes grados de confinamiento alterando para siempre nuestras expectativas de vida sobre el planeta. Estas circunstancias abrieron numerosas puertas a la reflexión, favoreciendo que observáramos nuestra propia existencia, tanto individual como colectiva, con otra mirada. El arte -como disciplina de conocimiento- ha permitido a un gran número de artistas abordar estas cuestiones desde un ámbito creativo, ofreciendo soluciones a la distancia interpuesta por el virus, y descubriendo en la red nuevos vínculos y espacios para la expresión. Con el objetivo de tejer redes de creación y abrir nuevas vías de comunicación, la comisaria y artista Elizabeth Ross convocó a artistas originarias de ocho países, para hacer visibles sus experiencias personales durante el estado de contingencia mediante la disciplina del video. En Contingencia (2020) artistas de varias partes del mundo comparten su experiencia. Entre ellas las mexicanas Amanda Gutiérrez desde Abu Dhabi (Emiratos Árabes Unidos); Paola Paz Yee en Bahía de Banderas (Nayarit); Alejandra Ruvalcaba desde el Estado de México, las artistas Elizabeth Ross, María Campiglia (Argentina) y la portorriqueña Jeannette Betancourt desde Ciudad de México. Mercedes Fidenza desde Cerro Colorado (Córdoba, Argentina); las costarricenses Anna Matteucci y Lucía Madriz, esta última desde Alemania; Sandra Petrovich desde Montevideo (Uruguay); desde Montreal (Canadá) Christine Brault; desde España: Yolanda Relinque (Estepona, Málaga) e Inmaculada Abarca (Xàtiva, Valencia), y desde Columbus (Ohio, EEUU) la colombiana Aleha Solano. El proyecto ha sido expuesto y presentado en línea en las revistas mexicanas El rizo robado y Antidogma, comentado por Mónica Mayer, así como en el Museo de Mujeres de Costa Rica, en el NewMediaFest2020 Corona Shut Down (Colonia, Alemania); en el Waterpieces, International Contemporary and Video Art Festival en Riga, Latvia (Letonia) y se expondrá en breve en la ciudad de Kunming, en Yunnan (China).

El contexto empresarial actual toma importancia sobre el capital cultural y las competencias profesionales de sus actores sociales. Con ello se reconoce que su desarrollo es una forma de lograr ventaja competitiva desde el innegable aporte cultural de los gestores. Por ello se determinó realizar la presente investigación en el Centro de Información y Gestión Tecnológica (CIGET) Granma. A partir de la necesidad de comprender la incidencia de los conceptos del capital cultural y las competencias profesionales que caracterizan el accionar de los actores sociales en una organización y su contribución al agregar valor a productos y servicios. El objetivo es sistematizar teórica y críticamente la bibliografía acerca del capital cultural y las competencias profesionales y su aplicación en las organizaciones. El análisis dio cumplimiento a la primera tarea científica de un estudio que pretende la elaboración de un procedimiento metodológico para la evaluación y desarrollo de estos importantes conceptos en el CIGET Granma como estudio de caso. Esta revisión bibliográfica ratifica la importancia de la gestión del conocimiento en la formación de los recursos humanos y el carácter social del conocimiento para el avance de la organización, acordes a las necesidades del desarrollo cultural comunitario desde la nueva empresa.

The article points out the problems of the influence of the political transformation in Poland on creating the contemporary press market. It explains the historical importance of the Workers’ Publishing Cooperative “Press – Book – Ruch” (WPC) in the period of the People’s Republic of Poland, which was the biggest press concern across Central and Eastern Europe and was an extremely important element of the political system which had been under the full influence of the Polish United Workers’ Party. It owned most of the press titles on Polish market, so when in 1990 the liquidation of the Collective was started, there were many significant problems of political, financial and social nature. Moreover, in the process of purchasing Polish newspapers and magazines was joined not only by domestic forces but also foreign capital and international investors, which made this privatisation even more difficult and controversial. Main problems were mentioned as well as examples of incompetence of Liquidation Committee or loopholes which caused serious difficulties.

Metacognition is one of the key notions in contemporary research both in second language (L2) teaching and education in general. L2 metacognition has been found to contribute significantly to learner variables such as language learning motivation. The main feature of the findings on L2 metacognition research based on the diverse theoretical disciplines is its individualistic and cognitive nature. Metacognition does not come from a vacuum, and social experiences provide core ingredients for its development and maintenance. This paper aims to explore the roles of metacognition in the interpersonal and societal spheres from an Hegelian perspective. The results of this paper suggest that metacognition involves emotion, and the social aspect plays important roles in the formation and maintenance of metacognition. Hegelian philosophy suggests that metacognition exerts positive influences on the L2 learning of individual learners, as well as performs social and moral functions on a collective level. The major pedagogical recommendation is that in enhancing the metacognition of language learners, teachers should focus on the emotional, interpersonal, and social aspects. Teachers should also raise learners’ awareness of their roles in the larger society.

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience associated difficulties in reading comprehension. This may be due to the social nature of fictional texts, which require the reader to interpret what characters are thinking and feeling and to make inferences about the cause and effect between events in a story. This paper outlines strategies that teachers can use to assist their learners with ASD in reading comprehension, including activating social background knowledge, encouraging series and familiar genres, identifying and teaching figurative language, and using graphic organizers to support perspective-taking. These strategies are tailored to the social phenotype of children with ASD to best address the underlying difficulties that may be impeding their reading comprehension.

Amid the growth of addiction medicine randomized controlled trials (RCTs), scholars have begun examining participants’ study experiences, highlighting facilitators and barriers to enrollment. However, this work can overlook the interplay between trial participation and social-structural dimensions among people with substance use disorders linked to the social nature of use, socioeconomic marginalization, and time demands of substance procurement and use. To effectively conduct RCTs with this unique population, it is necessary to examine the broader social context of study participation. We conducted nested qualitative interviews with 22 participants involved in an RCT testing a treatment for alcohol and opioid use disorders in HIV clinics. Thematic analyses revealed social-structural circumstances shaping RCT participation as well as how participation constitutes a turning point, prompting individuals to reconfigure social networks, reorient to spatial environments, and reorganize day-to-day life—with implications for how substance use disorder RCTs should be approached by researchers.

L'articolo propone alcune riflessioni sul significato delle aree protette nella prospettivateorica della social nature. A partire dall'idea che la natura non ha valore in sé, ma è uncostrutto culturale, viene qui presentata una discussione teorica basata su tre temi chiave,che offrono l'occasione per riflettere sul potenziale ruolo delle aree protette come elementidi una realtà costruita socialmente e come strumenti funzionali alla territorializzazionecontemporanea. Le finalità teoriche sono perseguite attraverso l'analisi sintetica di uncaso di studio: il Sistema Parchi dell'Oltrepò Mantovano. Il progetto innovativo che hagenerato questa esperienza singolare e il peculiare approccio alla preservazione e alla promozionedel patrimonio che la contraddistinguono, offrono pertanto spunti di riflessioneutili a sostenere e rafforzare l'idea che le aree protette possono assumere un ruolo chiavenella costruzione e nella promozione di una visione alternativa di ciò che è naturale,contribuendo alla produzione di un immaginario collettivo fondato sull'ibridazione trasocietà e natura.

Il processo di reintroduzione della natura in ambito urbano viene analizzato in questocontributo attraverso l'ottica della social nature e dell'urban political ecology (UPE), ricostruendole dinamiche di interazione fra città e natura per andare oltre la dicotomia chele ha sempre caratterizzate. In particolare si ricostruisce lo sviluppo teorico della UPE inmerito all'urbanizzazione della natura e al metabolismo urbano, caratterizzato da processisocio-ecologici strettamente interconnessi. Si ripercorrono quindi brevemente alcune teorieurbane che, dal primo novecento ad oggi, analizzano come la natura entri in gioco nellediverse fasi di sviluppo della città industriale e postindustriale. L'approccio teorico è poiapplicato al caso studio di Brescia, come esempio di città (post)industriale italiana, pervalutare le dinamiche di rinaturalizzazione nella città lombarda.

La natura assume un ruolo centrale nella costruzione, nella promozione e nellafruizione dei paesaggi della ciclabilità. Facendo riferimento ai più recenti approcci allemobilità – intese come pratiche in grado di concorrere alla creazione di paesaggi, luoghi eidentità – così come a quelli dedicati alla natura sociale, il testo si concentra sul fenomenodel cicloturismo, offrendo un inquadramento degli studi ad esso dedicato e affrontando ilrapporto tra bicicletta e natura. In particolare, l'articolo individua ed esplora tre modalitàcon cui la natura entra a far parte del cicloturismo (natura concettuale, elementale einfrastrutturale).

With antiracial manifestations and the interest in this collective action, fashion through styling represents and instrument of expression and social reflection. This study aims to analyze the stylings of Ibrahim Kamara from the perspective of afrofuturism. The approach is necessary because it is known that stylings are created to communicate and Kamara recognizes the body with a biopolitical character, body-history, creates narratives with the protagonist of Afro-descendants in peripheral scenarios. Method addresses Gillian Rose´s visual methodology (c2016), starts with styling from the perspective of fashion photography until the case study of Kamara´s stylings arrives; and afro-descendants in fashion editorials. It is analyzed that Kamara problematizes the visual references to break aesthetically with the centralizing, normalizing and traditional power propagated by Europeanized, Americans, white and traffic views through reflections on the future of society. However, fashion visually expresses these resistance behaviors and the styling is one of the practices that contributes to an image construction of a social nature.

This study investigates the application of machine translation (MT) in an EFL writing class and its impact on lower proficiency level writers. Theoretically grounded in the social nature of learning, the MT-based writing class is applied to students in four steps: planning, drafting with MT, revising MT output, and individual writing with MT. The peer-editing process and the teacher’s guidance have been found to be critical factors in terms of enhancing students’ metalinguistic awareness at both the micro-level and macro-level revisions of MT output. Additionally, by gaining confidence and motivation, the students become more autonomous and self-directed. The results of this study provide insights into how an MT-based EFL writing class can be conducted successfully by including peer and teacher feedback and thus result in MT being viewed as an effective tool, rather than being considered taboo for helping lower level EFL learners in writing.

ntroduction. The problem of psychological stress is becoming increasingly scientific and practical due to the continuous growth of social, economic, environmental, man-made, personal extremes of human life, as well as significant changes in the content and working conditions of many professions, including the profession of maritime transport. This problem is the intersection of many disciplines - from physiology and medicine to psychology, sociology and politics, due, on the one hand, the physiological and psychological mechanisms of stress reactions, and on the other - the social nature of the effects of occupational stress. Purpose. Disclosure of key characteristics of the concept of "stress" as a psychological category and the phenomenology of its subjective manifestation as a psychological phenomenon. Methods. A number of theoretical methods were used to achieve the goal and realize the task of the study - analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison and systematization. Originality. The article reveals the key characteristics of the concept of "stress" as a psychological category, the phenomenology of its subjective manifestation as a psychological phenomenon, as well as the semantics of the basic characteristics of stress and intentionality as the main structure of experiencing this psychological phenomenon. The article outlines theoretical approaches to the formation and development of the theory of stress. The approaches to the study of stress factors are analyzed. An attempt is made to describe the evolution of the concept of "stress". The authors' research is reflected. The modern psychological and anthropological approaches to the study of the characteristics of stress reactions are described. Conclusion. The phenomenon of stress is most often used as a term to denote a number of physiological and mental states of a person in difficult conditions. Its popularity is due to the real increase in stress in people, urbanization, accelerating the pace of life, increasing the number of interpersonal interactions (primarily conflict), as well as a more pronounced mismatch between the biological nature of man and the conditions of his social existence. A retrospective analysis of views on the nature of stress and stress states indicates its initial consideration in the context of biological manifestations. However, a number of experiments have shown that the extremely complex and sensitive human psyche can seriously modify the nature of the "classical" stress, which is described by biological theories. It became obvious that theoretical and practical psychology should play an important role in creating the concept of stress.

Consumer elective pricing (CEP)—allowing each consumer to decide how much to pay for a product or service—is becoming widespread. Organizations using this pricing scheme for both commercial and non-profit purposes have adopted a wide variety of phrasings to communicate it. In this paper, we propose that seemingly negligible differences in the phrasing of CEP can increase payments and donations. In three field experiments in both charitable and commercial marketplaces, we vary the language used to describe a CEP appeal to either highlight the social aspect of the exchange or not. Our findings show that CEP phrasing that cues the social nature of the transaction elicits socially oriented considerations and nudges generosity in both non-profit and for-profit markets. Follow-up online studies shed light on consumers’ perceptions under different CEP phrasing and establish a potential boundary condition.

Within current debates about the future impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on human society, roughly three different perspectives can be recognised: (1) the technology-centric perspective, claiming that AI will soon outperform humankind in all areas, and that the primary threat for humankind is superintelligence; (2) the human-centric perspective, claiming that humans will always remain superior to AI when it comes to social and societal aspects, and that the main threat of AI is that humankind’s social nature is overlooked in technological designs; and (3) the collective intelligence-centric perspective, claiming that true intelligence lies in the collective of intelligent agents, both human and artificial, and that the main threat for humankind is that technological designs create problems at the collective, systemic level that are hard to oversee and control. The current paper offers the following contributions: (a) a clear description for each of the three perspectives, along with their history and background; (b) an analysis and interpretation of current applications of AI in human society according to each of the three perspectives, thereby disentangling miscommunication in the debate concerning threats of AI; and (c) a new integrated and comprehensive research design framework that addresses all aspects of the above three perspectives, and includes principles that support developers to reflect and anticipate upon potential effects of AI in society.

In the wake of the novel coronavirus pandemic, many have voiced the concern that social distancing in public spaces could negate the ability to connect with others and thereby diminish the sense of social belonging The reason why many find social distancing so difficult, and so off-putting is that it runs counter to so much of what makes life, especially city life, worthwhile Here, Melcher argues that social distance does not threaten people's ability to connect socially;it is a critical requirement for social interactions within public spaces Public spaces work well precisely because they allow for social distance, not because they overcome or bridge it The most important connections that public spaces provide are those of a public and social nature rather than those of an intimate or personal nature