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Phenol-rich foods consumption such as virgin olive oil (VOO) has been shown to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases. The broader biochemical impact of VOO and phenol-enriched OOs remains, however, unclear. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over, controlled trial was performed with thirty-three hypercholesterolemic individuals who ingested for 3-weeks (25 mL/day): (1) an OO enriched with its own olive oil phenolic compounds (PCs) (500 ppm; FOO); (2) an OO enriched with its own olive oil PCs (250 ppm) plus thyme PCs (250 ppm; FOOT); and (3) a VOO with low phenolic content (80 ppm). Serum lipid and glycemic profiles, serum 1H-NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics, endothelial function, blood pressure, and cardiovascular risk were measured. We combined OPLS-DA with machine learning modelling to identify metabolites discrimination of the treatment groups. Both phenol-enriched OO interventions decreased the levels of glutamine, creatinine, creatine, dimethylamine, and histidine in comparison to VOO one. In addition, FOOT decreased the plasma levels of glycine and DMSO2 compared to VOO, while FOO decreased the circulating alanine concentrations but increased the plasma levels of acetone and 3-HB compared to VOO. Based on these findings, phenol-enriched OOs were shown to result in a favorable shift in the circulating metabolic phenotype, inducing a reduction in metabolites associated with cardiometabolic diseases. It was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) financing the projects AGL2009-13517-C03-01, AGL2009-13517-C03-02, AGL2009-13517-C03-03, and AGL2012-40144-C03-01. It was also supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund [ERDF], a way to build Europe), financing the CIBEROBN-stay fellowship and Sara Borrell contract (CD17/00233) to M. Farràs. The PI1800164 project to F.B.-V, and the PI20/01090 project, and the Miguel Servet Program to J.M.-P. CIBERCV, CIBERDEM, and CIBEROBN are initiatives of Instituto de Salud Carlos III.

Key Points Question What is the prevalence of fibromuscular dysplasia, aneurysms, dissection, and tortuosity in extracoronary arteries of patients who developed a spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)? Findings In this case series including 173 patients with SCAD, using magnetic resonance angiography with blinded interpretation of the findings, 32% of the patients had fibromuscular dysplasia, 8% had aneurysms, and 2% had dissections; the prevalence of arterial tortuosity was similar in cases and controls. Extracoronary vascular events over a median 5-year follow-up were rare. Meaning The findings of this blinded analysis suggest that, in patients with SCAD, severe multivessel fibromuscular dysplasia, aneurysms, and dissections are infrequent and seldom associated with clinically evident vascular events., Importance Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) has been associated with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and other extracoronary arterial abnormalities. However, the prevalence, severity, and clinical relevance of these abnormalities remain unclear. Objective To assess the prevalence and spectrum of FMD and other extracoronary arterial abnormalities in patients with SCAD vs controls. Design, Setting, and Participants This case series included 173 patients with angiographically confirmed SCAD enrolled between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019. Imaging of extracoronary arterial beds was performed by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Forty-one healthy individuals were recruited to serve as controls for blinded interpretation of MRA findings. Patients were recruited from the UK national SCAD registry, which enrolls throughout the UK by referral from the primary care physician or patient self-referral through an online portal. Participants attended the national SCAD referral center for assessment and MRA. Exposures Both patients with SCAD and healthy controls underwent head-to-pelvis MRA (median time between SCAD event and MRA, 1 [IQR, 1-3] year). Main Outcome and Measures The diagnosis of FMD, arterial dissections, and aneurysms was established according to the International FMD Consensus. Arterial tortuosity was assessed both qualitatively (presence or absence of an S curve) and quantitatively (number of curves ≥45%; tortuosity index). Results Of the 173 patients with SCAD, 167 were women (96.5%); mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 44.5 (7.9) years. The prevalence of FMD was 31.8% (55 patients); 16 patients (29.1% of patients with FMD) had involvement of multiple vascular beds. Thirteen patients (7.5%) had extracoronary aneurysms and 3 patients (1.7%) had dissections. The prevalence and degree of arterial tortuosity were similar in patients and controls. In 43 patients imaged with both computed tomographic angiography and MRA, the identification of clinically significant remote arteriopathies was similar. Over a median 5-year follow-up, there were 2 noncardiovascular-associated deaths and 35 recurrent myocardial infarctions, but there were no primary extracoronary vascular events. Conclusions and Relevance In this case series with blinded analysis of patients with SCAD, severe multivessel FMD, aneurysms, and dissections were infrequent. The findings of this study suggest that, although brain-to-pelvis imaging allows detection of remote arteriopathies that may require follow-up, extracoronary vascular events appear to be rare., This case series examines the prevalence of fibromuscular dysplasia and other extracoronary events in patients who develop spontaneous coronary artery dissection.

Les malalties cardiovasculars són la primera causa de mort al món. A causa de la insuficient capacitat regenerativa del cor, la lesió produïda per la isquèmia miocàrdica comporta la pèrdua massiva de cardiomiòcits afectant la funció del cor, cosa que pot derivar en una insuficiència cardíaca. Actualment, els tractaments terapèutics presenten limitacions. En aquest context, les teràpies basades en cèl·lules mare sorgeixen com una tecnologia prometedora ja que el seu potencial de diferenciació en diferents tipus cel·lulars permet obtenir cardiomiòcits que, en un principi, són capaços de regenerar el teixit lesionat i millorar la funció cardíaca. Tot i que un elevat nombre d'estudis han demostrat que aquest tipus de teràpia és un enfocament esperançador, els resultats obtinguts a molts assajos clínics són controvertits ja que els beneficis observats són limitats. Aquesta revisió pretén aportar una visió general dels diferents tipus de cèl·lules mare utilitzats, els mecanismes d'acció possibles, les estratègies que s'estan desenvolupant per optimitzar la teràpia, els desafiaments existents i les perspectives futures.

Background The life course accumulation of overt and subclinical myocardial dysfunction contributes to older age mortality, frailty, disability and loss of independence. The Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) is the world’s longest running continued surveillance birth cohort providing a unique opportunity to understand life course determinants of myocardial dysfunction as part of MyoFit46–the cardiac sub-study of the NSHD. Methods We aim to recruit 550 NSHD participants of approximately 75 years+ to undertake high-density surface electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) and stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Through comprehensive myocardial tissue characterization and 4-dimensional flow we hope to better understand the burden of clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease. Supercomputers will be used to combine the multi-scale ECGI and CMR datasets per participant. Rarely available, prospectively collected whole-of-life data on exposures, traditional risk factors and multimorbidity will be studied to identify risk trajectories, critical change periods, mediators and cumulative impacts on the myocardium. Discussion By combining well curated, prospectively acquired longitudinal data of the NSHD with novel CMR–ECGI data and sharing these results and associated pipelines with the CMR community, MyoFit46 seeks to transform our understanding of how early, mid and later-life risk factor trajectories interact to determine the state of cardiovascular health in older age. Trial registration: Prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with trial ID: 19/LO/1774 Multimorbidity Life-Course Approach to Myocardial Health- A Cardiac Sub-Study of the MCRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD). Sources of funding used for staff salaries, CMR scan costs, consumables and relevant travel costs required for data collection, analysis and interpretation: British Heart Foundation special project grant (to G.C. SP/20/2/34841). This study has undergone peer-review by the funding body. Medical Research Council (Core Unit Level Funding:—MC UU 00019/1). Peer Reviewed "Article signat per 30 autors/es: Matthew Webber, Debbie Falconer, Mashael AlFarih, George Joy, Fiona Chan, Clare Davie, Lee Hamill Howes, Andrew Wong, Alicja Rapala, Anish Bhuva, Rhodri H. Davies, Christopher Morton, Jazmin Aguado-Sierra, Mariano Vazquez, Xuyuan Tao, Gunther Krausz, Slobodan Tanackovic, Christoph Guger, Hui Xue, Peter Kellman, Iain Pierce, Jonathan Schott, Rebecca Hardy, Nishi Chaturvedi, Yoram Rudy, James C. Moon, Pier D. Lambiase, Michele Orini, Alun D. Hughes & Gabriella Captur"

This study assessed the association of CD5L and soluble CD36 (sCD36) with the risk of a cardiovascular event (CVE), including CV death and all-cause mortality in CKD. We evaluated the association of CD5L and sCD36 with a predefined composite CV endpoint (unstable angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, peripheral arterial disease [PAD] or amputation by PAD, aortic aneurysm, or death from CV causes) and all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for CV risk factors. The analysis included 1,516 participants free from pre-existing CV disease followed up for 4 years. The median age was 62 years, 38.8% were female, and 26.8% had diabetes. There were 98 (6.5%) CVEs and 72 (4.8%) deaths, of which 26 (36.1%) were of CV origin. Higher baseline CD5L concentration was associated with increased risk of CVE (HR, 95% CI, 1.17, 1.0-1.36), and all-cause mortality (1.22, 1.01-1.48) after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, dyslipidemia, waist circumference, smoking, and CKD stage. sCD36 showed no association with adverse CV outcomes or mortality. Our study showed for the first time that higher concentrations of CD5L are associated with future CVE and all-cause mortality in individuals with CKD. This research was supported by grants from the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (2014-EFSD-00914) Düsseldorf, Germany; the European Regional Development Fund; and the Carlos III National Institute of Health (PI14/1772) Madrid, Spain. CIBER for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM) and CIBER on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD) are an initiative of ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. The NEFRONA study is funded by a research grant from AbbVie, Lake County, Illinois.

Los stents coronarios poliméricos bioabsorbibles permiten recuperar el tejido arterial después de 1-2 de implantación y evitar problemas causados por los stents metálicos, permanentes, como son la trombosis tardía. El ácido poli-L-láctico (PLLA), material polimérico biodegradable, es un candidato a stent bioabsorbibles ya que tiene un compromiso entre degradación, propiedades mecánica y remodelación de los tejidos. Esta nueva generación de stents poliméricos bioabsorbibles permite reducir los riesgos de restenosis y de trombosis tardía. Sin embargo, los médicos visualizan la inserción del stent en el paciente mediante rayos X, y los polímeros son transparentes a esta radiación. El objetivo de este trabajo es fabricar un stent polimérico radiopaco mediante impresión 3D añadiendo un agente de contraste en la tinta del stent y evaluar su impacto sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas, mecánicas, biológicas y radiopacidad. Con este propósito, se han fabricado stents de PLLA y de Poly(lactic-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) por impresión 3D, mediante el método de “Solvent-Cast Direct-Writing (SC-DW)” con dos puntas distintas de impresión: 250 y 200µm. La tinta usada para imprimir los stents se obtiene mediante la disolución del polímero y del agente de contraste en cloroformo. Como agentes de contraste, se han usado: yodo, triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) y sulfato de bario en varias concentraciones (1-20 wt.%). Posteriormente, todos los stents fueron sometidos a un tratamiento térmico. Para ver el efecto del agente de contraste sobre la radiopacidad y las propiedades mecánicas, se han caracterizado films y stents mediante técnicas de caracterización: SEM, DSC, MO, compresión, y citotoxicidad. El tratamiento térmico permite a los stents aumentar la cristalinidad y evaporación del solvente. Tanto el tipo de agente de contraste, su contenido y el tipo de polímero utilizado afectan a las propiedades del stent final. Los stents de PLLA tratados térmicamente y con 10 wt.% de yodo presentaron una tasa de cristalinidad de 36% respecto al 28% obtenido para los stents sin agente de contraste. El mejor resultado se obtuvo con stents hechos de copolímero y TIBA (20wt%) con un porcentaje del 43%. Los ensayos de compresión mostraron mayor resistencia con los stents de PLLA y yodo con una fuerza de compresión normalizada por la longitud del stent de 0,127 N/mm. De manera general, los stents de PLLA con yodo (10wt%%) obtuvieron el mejor compromiso entre propiedades mecánicas y biológicas, no es citotóxico, y forma parte de los más prometedores. Incoming

Cuando se realiza un estudio del flujo sanguíneo en el sistema cardiovascular, la mayoría de autores, tratan la sangre como si fuese un caso ideal en estado estacionario y el fluido como newtoniano, si bien esta aproximación permite obtener buenos resultados, en la realidad el flujo sanguíneo se comporta de esta manera, ya que este es pulsátil debido al impulso del corazón. Los efectos de dicho impulso tienen mayor importancia en los vasos sanguíneos grandes y cercanos al corazón (arterias), disminuyendo así hasta llegar a los vasos más alejados y pequeños (capilares), donde el efecto de la onda de presión es prácticamente imperceptible. Otra discrepancia entre autores es la diferencia entre tratar el fluido como newtoniano o no newtoniano, pues es sabido que la sangre para bajas tasas de cizalladura presenta comportamiento no newtoniano, sin embargo, a partir de 100 s-1 la viscosidad se vuelve constante. En este documento vamos a comparar los resultados obtenidos del Wall Shear Stress (WSS) o esfuerzo cortante, obtenidos modelando la sangre como fluido newtoniano contra los obtenidos si se modeliza como no newtoniano con el fin de poder observar la diferencia existente dependiendo del modelo que escojamos. Los resultados serán valorados en 4 geometrías diferentes de arterias coronarias con estenosis, con el fin de poder observar de manera gráfica la distribución de WSS, el perfil de velocidad en ciertas secciones, así como el gradiente de presión existente. Con los datos analizados, se puede observar que el modelo Newtoniano obtiene valores de mayor magnitud.

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), the most frequent hereditary cause of premature coronary heart disease (CHD), is underdiagnosed and insufficiently treated. Objectives The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of the FH phenotype (FH-P) and to describe its clinical characteristics in a Mediterranean population. Methods Data were obtained from the Catalan primary care system's clinical records database (Catalan acronym: SIDIAP). Patients aged >7 years with at least 1 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement recorded between 2006 and 2014 (n = 2,554,644) were included. Heterozygous FH-P and homozygous FH-P were defined by untreated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol plasma concentrations. The presence of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors was defined by coded medical records from primary care and hospital discharge databases. Results The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of heterozygous FH-P and homozygous FH-P were 1/192 individuals and 1/425,774 individuals, respectively. In the group aged 8 to 18 years, 0.46% (95% confidence interval: 0.41–0.52) had FH-P; overall prevalence was 0.58% (95% confidence interval: 0.58–0.60). Among patients with FH-P aged >18 years, cardiovascular disease prevalence was 3.5 times higher than in general population, and CHD prevalence in those aged 35 to 59 years was 4.5 times higher than in those without FH-P. Lipid-lowering therapy was lacking in 13.5% of patients with FH-P, and only 31.6% of men and 22.7 of women were receiving high or very high-intensity lipid-lowering therapy. Conclusion Prevalence of FH-P was higher than expected, but underdiagnosed and suboptimally treated, especially in women. Moreover, treatment started late considering the high CHD incidence associated with this condition

[Background] High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) atherogenic traits can describe the role of both particles on cardiovascular diseases more accurately than HDL- or LDL-cholesterol levels. However, it is unclear how these lipoprotein properties are particularly affected by different cardiovascular risk factors., [Objective] To determine which lipoprotein properties are associated with greater cardiovascular risk scores and each cardiovascular risk factor., [Methods] In two cross-sectional baseline samples of PREDIMED trial volunteers, we assessed the associations of HDL functionality (N = 296) and LDL atherogenicity traits (N = 210) with: 1) the 10-year predicted coronary risk (according to the Framingham-REGICOR score), and 2) classical cardiovascular risk factors., [Results] Greater cardiovascular risk scores were associated with low cholesterol efflux values; oxidized, triglyceride-rich, small HDL particles; and small LDLs with low resistance against oxidation (P-trend, [Conclusions] Dysfunctional HDL and atherogenic LDL particles are present in high cardiovascular risk patients. Dyslipidemia and male sex are predominantly linked to HDL dysfunctionality, whilst diabetes and advanced age are associated with LDL atherogenicity., This work was supported by: Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2017 SGR 222), Fundació La Marató de TV3 (201512.31), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB06/03/0028 and PI15/00047). A.H. was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CD17/00122), M.-T.S.-F. was supported by Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2015 FI_B 01042), and M. Fitó was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CES12/025). CIBERs of Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) and Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV) are initiatives of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares siguen siendo la primera causa de muerte en todo el mundo. Según la OMS, durante el año 2011 fallecieron más de 17 millones de personas por un problema cardiovascular. Concretamente, la enfermedad isquémica y seguidamente los accidentes cerebrovasculares, causando otros 6,2 millones de defunciones. 1 En consecuencia, se ha hecho un programa de salud para reforzar los conocimientos y habilidades del paciente con tratamiento anticoagulante (Sintrom®) para así, aumentar la adherencia terapéutica al tratamiento habitual y disminuir el riesgo cardiovascular de estas personas. Se ha utilizado la metodología PRECEDE, para valorar las necesidades de los pacientes con este tratamiento que vienen a la consulta de enfermería del CAP de la Guinaueta. Se han creado unas actividades específicas para modificar el comportamiento de los pacientes: el aumento de la adherencia terapéutica y los hábitos saludables. Estas actividades están distribuidas en cuatro semanas, donde se trabajará tanto la teoría relacionada con: ¿Qué es el Sintrom®? y ¿Qué vida saludable debo de llevar con este tratamiento? como la puesta en práctica de los conocimientos adquiridos en las sesiones. Con ello, se pretende aumentar la información necesaria para que el paciente sea independiente y sea un paciente experto de su propia enfermedad. Además, con las sesiones de primeros auxilios, dirigido al cuidador principal, se quiere conseguir una disminución de los riesgos en la asistencia al paciente con TAO. La evaluación de los resultados consistirá en observar si el paciente está en su rango terapéutico una vez que sea citado para la consulta de enfermería, y la realización de un cuestionario que evaluará el grado de conocimientos adquiridos. PALABRAS CLAVE: Programa de salud, tratamiento con Sintrom®, enfermería, hábitos saludables, adherencia terapéutica. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. According to WHO, in 2011 they killed more than 17 million people a cardiovascular problem. Specifically, ischemic heart disease and stroke then, causing 6.2 million deaths1. Consequently, it has become a health program to strengthen the knowledge and skills of patients with anticoagulant therapy (Sintrom®) to thereby increase adherence to standard treatment and reduce cardiovascular risk of these people. Methodology has been used above, to assess the needs of patients with this treatment coming to the nursing of the Guinaueta CAP. They have created specific activities to modify the behavior of patients: increasing adherence and healthy habits. These activities are spread over four weeks, where both will work related theory: ¿What is Sintrom®? and healthy life What should I wear with this treatment? as the implementation of the knowledge acquired in the sessions. Thus, it is to increase the information necessary for the patient to be independent and be an expert of their own disease patient. In addition, firstaid sessions, aimed at primary caregiver, you want to get a reduced risk in patient care with TAO. The evaluation of the results consist see if the patient is in the therapeutic range is cited once for nursing consultation, and the completion of a questionnaire that will assess the degree of knowledge. KEYWORDS: Health Program, Sintrom® treatment, nursing, healthy habits, adherence. Grau en Infermeria

Desde la Teoría de Acción Planeada (TAP), el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si la autoeficacia y la percepción de control presentan diferencias predictivas sobre la intención y las conductas preventivas de la enfermedad cardiovascular. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 359 sujetos. Los datos han sido analizados empleando el paquete estadístico EQS 6.1. Los resultados muestran que la autoeficacia influye positiva y significativamente sobre la intención y sobre la conducta, mientras que la percepción de control influye negativa y significativamente sobre la intención de conducta, pero no sobre la conducta preventiva. Este trabajo ha mostrado la conveniencia de distinguir entre autoeficacia y percepción de control en la TAP en la prevención de conductas de salud cardiovascular. From the Theory of Planed Behaviour (TPB), the aim of this study is to analyse the effect of self-efficacy and perceived control on intention and preventive behaviors of cardiovascular disease.To this end,359 participants were evaluated in an empirical study. Data were analysed using the statistical package EQS 6.1. The results indicate that self-efficacy has a positive and significant influence on behaviour intentions and on behaviour, while perception of control has a negative and significant influence on intention but not on behaviour. This work has shown the utility to distinguish between self-efficacy and perceived control in the TPB to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

Introducción y objetivos: Estudio observacional transversal para determinar la relación entre la placa de ateroma a nivel de arterias carótidas y femorales con factores de riesgo cardiovascular y renal, el grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la actividad física en municipios de la provincia de Lleida. Métodos: Se han seleccionado, mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple y el cumplimiento de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, un total de 388 sujetos los cuales pertenecen a Almacelles, Bellpuig, Aitona, Albatàrrec, Lleida y Torrefarrera. Mediante técnicas no invasivas e indoloras, se realizan pruebas diagnósticas que permiten conocer los parámetros relacionados con factores de riesgo frente ECV y ERC. Resultados: Las ecografías han permitido conocer la incidencia de placa de ateroma en las arterias carótidas y en las femorales, mostrando una incidencia superior de placa en las arterias femorales así como también el diámetro de la misma. Almacelles y Lleida son las poblaciones con menos diámetro de placa de ateroma y además se caracterizan por un alto consumo de verduras y hortalizas y hábito de andar, parámetros considerados por el análisis multivariante, como factores diferenciales frente a la placa de ateroma y que también han mostrado diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: El consumo de verduras crudas, cocinadas, el hábito de andar y las horas al día que pasan sentados son factores diferenciales frente la presencia de placa de ateroma en arterias carótidas y femorales.

[Background] Polyphenols may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic diseases due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as their beneficial effects on blood pressure, lipids and insulin resistance. However, no previous epidemiological studies have evaluated the relationship between the intake of total polyphenols intake and polyphenol subclasses with overall mortality. Our aim was to evaluate whether polyphenol intake is associated with all-cause mortality in subjects at high cardiovascular risk., [Methods] We used data from the PREDIMED study, a 7,447-participant, parallel-group, randomized, multicenter, controlled five-year feeding trial aimed at assessing the effects of the Mediterranean Diet in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Polyphenol intake was calculated by matching food consumption data from repeated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) with the Phenol-Explorer database on the polyphenol content of each reported food. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between polyphenol intake and mortality were estimated using time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models., [Results] Over an average of 4.8 years of follow-up, we observed 327 deaths. After multivariate adjustment, we found a 37% relative reduction in all-cause mortality comparing the highest versus the lowest quintiles of total polyphenol intake (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.63; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.97; P for trend = 0.12). Among the polyphenol subclasses, stilbenes and lignans were significantly associated with reduced all-cause mortality (HR =0.48; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.91; P for trend = 0.04 and HR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.97; P for trend = 0.03, respectively), with no significant associations apparent in the rest (flavonoids or phenolic acids)., [Conclusions] Among high-risk subjects, those who reported a high polyphenol intake, especially of stilbenes and lignans, showed a reduced risk of overall mortality compared to those with lower intakes. These results may be useful to determine optimal polyphenol intake or specific food sources of polyphenols that may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality., [Clinical trial registration] ISRCTN35739639., This study was supported in part by CICYT (AGL2010-22319-C03) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN), and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII (CIBERobn-CB06/03, RD 06/0045, PI1002658 and PI1001407). The CIBERobn is an initiative of the ISCIII, Spain. ATR received support from ISCIII (FI10/00265).

Background: It is unknown whether individuals at high cardiovascular risk sustain a benefit in cardiovascular disease from increased olive oil consumption. The aim was to assess the association between total olive oil intake, its varieties (extra virgin and common olive oil) and the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. Methods: We included 7,216 men and women at high cardiovascular risk, aged 55 to 80 years, from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study, a multicenter, randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Participants were randomized to one of three interventions: Mediterranean Diets supplemented with nuts or extra-virgin olive oil, or a control low-fat diet. The present analysis was conducted as an observational prospective cohort study. The median follow-up was 4.8 years. Cardiovascular disease (stroke, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death) and mortality were ascertained by medical records and National Death Index. Olive oil consumption was evaluated with validated food frequency questionnaires. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards and generalized estimating equations were used to assess the association between baseline and yearly repeated measurements of olive oil intake, cardiovascular disease and mortality. Results: During follow-up, 277 cardiovascular events and 323 deaths occurred. Participants in the highest energy-adjusted tertile of baseline total olive oil and extra-virgin olive oil consumption had 35% (HR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.89) and 39% (HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.85) cardiovascular disease risk reduction, respectively, compared to the reference. Higher baseline total olive oil consumption was associated with 48% (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.93) reduced risk

Objectives This study sought to investigate the role of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-IIA in cardiovascular disease. Background Higher circulating levels of sPLA2-IIA mass or sPLA 2 enzyme activity have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, it is not clear if this association is causal. A recent phase III clinical trial of an sPLA2 inhibitor (varespladib) was stopped prematurely for lack of efficacy. Methods We conducted a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis of 19 general population studies (8,021 incident, 7,513 prevalent major vascular events [MVE] in 74,683 individuals) and 10 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cohorts (2,520 recurrent MVE in 18,355 individuals) using rs11573156, a variant in PLA2G2A encoding the sPLA2-IIA isoenzyme, as an instrumental variable. Results PLA2G2A rs11573156 C allele associated with lower circulating sPLA2-IIA mass (38% to 44%) and sPLA2 enzyme activity (3% to 23%) per C allele. The odds ratio (OR) for MVE per rs11573156 C allele was 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98 to 1.06) in general populations and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.03) in ACS cohorts. In the general population studies, the OR derived from the genetic instrumental variable analysis for MVE for a 1-log unit lower sPLA2-IIA mass was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.13), and differed from the non-genetic observational estimate (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.79). In the ACS cohorts, both the genetic instrumental variable and observational ORs showed a null association with MVE. Instrumental variable analysis failed to show associations between sPLA 2 enzyme activity and MVE. Conclusions Reducing sPLA2-IIA mass is unlikely to be a useful therapeutic goal for preventing cardiovascular events.

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) and propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC) are two naturally occurring carnitine derivates formed by carnitine acetyltransferase. The beneficial cardiovascular effects of ALC and PLC have been extensively evaluated in animals and humans during the last 20 years. For instance, many clinical trials have suggested ALC and PLC as potential strategies in the management of peripheral arterial disease, heart and cerebral ischemia, and congestive heart failure. As a result, several experts have already aimed to revise the clinical evidence supporting the therapeutic use of ALC and PLC. On the basis of their conclusions, our aim was a critical review of the effectiveness of ALC and PLC in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Therefore we also describe recent studies that have addressed the emerging use of ALC and PLC amelioration of the insulin resistant state and its related morbidities. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Desde la Teoría de Acción Planeada (TAP), el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si la autoeficacia y la percepción de control presentan diferencias predictivas sobre la intención y las conductas preventivas de la enfermedad cardiovascular. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 359 sujetos. Los datos han sido analizados empleando el paquete estadístico EQS 6.1. Los resultados muestran que la autoeficacia influye positiva y significativamente sobre la intención y sobre la conducta, mientras que la percepción de control influye negativa y significativamente sobre la intención de conducta, pero no sobre la conducta preventiva. Este trabajo ha mostrado la conveniencia de distinguir entre autoeficacia y percepción de control en la TAP en la prevención de conductas de salud cardiovascular. From the Theory of Planed Behaviour (TPB), the aim of this study is to analyse the effect of self-efficacy and perceived control on intention and preventive behaviors of cardiovascular disease.To this end,359 participants were evaluated in an empirical study. Data were analysed using the statistical package EQS 6.1. The results indicate that self-efficacy has a positive and significant influence on behaviour intentions and on behaviour, while perception of control has a negative and significant influence on intention but not on behaviour. This work has shown the utility to distinguish between self-efficacy and perceived control in the TPB to prevent cardiovascular diseases.