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Characterization of the degradation of scotopic electroretinography recordings from patients in various stages of ADNIV reveal photoreceptors may sustain early insult and reveals a unique time frame for potential therapeutic intervention. PURPOSE: To characterize the changes found in the electroretinography (ERG) recordings of Autosomal Dominant Neovascular Inflammatory Vitreoretinopathy (ADNIV) patients and correlate with clinical stages of the disease. METHODS: Retrospective chart review. Bright and dim flash full-field scotopic, photopic, and 30 Hz flicker ERGs were obtained according to international standards. The scotopic ERGs were further processed to analyze the oscillatory potential (OP). The patient described in the case report underwent full ERG testing; five patients composed the archival case series data and included scotopic ERG recordings. RESULTS: Stage I ADNIV is characterized by a decrease in the b-wave amplitude on scotopic flash ERG and the disappearance of late OPs; however, the a-wave amplitude is normal. In stage II, attenuation of early OPs and the c-wave are observed in scotopic ERG recordings, but both a- and b-wave amplitudes are unchanged. For patients in stage III, there is a continued decline of both a- and b-wave amplitudes in scotopic ERG recordings. There was a loss of recordable scotopic ERG response in patients with stage IV disease. CONCLUSIONS: ERG may be valuable in determining optimal timing for therapeutic intervention and response prior to loss of recordable retinal function in CAPN5 vitreoretinopathy.

In this work, a thermodynamic analysis consisting of energy and exergy analyses is carried out to determine the performance of a single flash geothermal power plant. A new derivation for determination of the optimum separator temperature, which results in maximum turbine power output, is achieved. The energy and exergy analyses are carried out at that optimum separator temperature. The thermodynamic derivation showed that the separator would result in maximum performance of the power plant when it operates at the average value of the production well and condenser temperatures. Moreover, the derivation was numerically validated by calculating three different values for the geothermal well temperatures. The results show that the highest exergy destruction rate is in the expansion valve followed by the steam turbine, the mixing process and the pump. The separator has exactly zero exergy destruction rate while the condenser has almost zero exergy destruction rate. The results also show that the exergy destruction rate for all components of the power plant decreases with reduction in the geofluid temperature of the production well except for the condenser. The maximum energy efficiency of the power plant is about 12.5, 11 and 9.5% when the geofluid of the geothermal well temperature is 300, 275 and 250°C, respectively.

Sense of agency (SoA) is the subjective feeling of being in control of one's own actions and that one's action causes changes in external circumstances. In the present study, we investigated how percepts influenced a production of SoA when effect-related signals were illusory. For this purpose, we adopted the cross-modal double-flash illusion (DFI). In DFI, when two brief auditory stimuli (i.e., beeps) are presented in quick succession and accompanied by a single visual flash, observers tend to report two visual flashes. In the experiments, we let participants press a given button once or twice. Three stimulus conditions were used: one beep sound (inducer) with a single flash (effect; 1B1F), two beeps with two flashes (2B2F), and two beeps with one flash (DFI condition). Then, participants reported how much they thought they had caused the events (i.e., visual flashes) by their actions. Through the series of experiments, we found even illusory visual events enhanced SoA in the DFI condition. However, SoA in the DFI condition was smaller than that in the 2B2F condition. These results indicate that both the congruency between action and apparent stimulus as well as the stimulus property modulate SoA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

A novel route of a single flash thermal evaporation technique has been used for deposition of Cu(In,Ga)Se2. This route allows the deposition of stoichiometric CIGS layers direct from powder elements without selenization or any treatment. Structure, optical properties and surface morphology of the deposited films at various substrate temperatures have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, photospectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force microscopy. The structure and the optical properties of deposited films depend on the substrate temperatures which play crucial rule on the stoichiometry of the film by changing mainly the content of selenium. Increasing the substrate temperature improved the crystallinity of the films and the best stoichiometric film has been found at 220°C, the grain size increased from 146 to 286 Å, Whereas, the band gap reduced to 1.37 eV.

This study involves the design of a single flash cycle which comprises a separator, steam turbine, condenser and pump combined with Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The ORC has a three-stage he...

Mai A Mohammed,1 Mohamed Saad Morsy,1 Nashwa Shehata Zeater,2 Nader Bayoumi1 1Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; 2Resident of Ophthalmology, Damanhour Eye Hospital, Damanhour, EgyptCorrespondence: Mai A Mohammed 36 Kamaleldin Salah, Semouha, Alexandria, EgyptTel +201221081590Fax +203 42 444 41Email mai.abdalnabi@yahoo.comBackground: To evaluate the VEP parameters in operated controlled primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) eyes and compare them to normal age similar children eyes.Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study conducted on 34 (19 right) eyes of 26 (19 males) children operated for PCG and 30 (17 right) eyes of 22 (12 males) age similar control children in a university-based practice. All study participants were subjected to a standard protocol of examination and electrophysiological testing (single flash VEP response, light adapted, pupils not dilated), reporting on the P2 implicit time, N1-P1 and N2-P2 (amplitude).Results: The mean±SD of the age of the study children and controls was 43.22± 33.2 and 55.68± 35.2 months respectively (p=0.217). The mean±SD IOP and cup/disc ratio of the study children were 18.4± 5.2 and 5.2± 3.3mmHg and 0.7± 0.2 and 0.3± 0.3 at presentation and at testing, respectively. The VEP testing was conducted after 21.5± 21.3 months of surgery for PCG. There was no statistically significant differences in P2, N1-P1 and N2-P2 between patients and controls (p=0.941, 0.916,0.945, respectively). There was no statistically significant correlation between most of the clinical characteristics of the study eyes and any of the studied VEP parameters.Conclusion: Operated controlled PCG eyes have VEP parameters that match their normal fellow children.Keywords: primary congenital glaucoma, visual evoked potentials, optic nerve, electrophysiology

Photography for preoperative analysis and follow-up is indispensable for the facial plastic surgeon. The use of strobe flash units, light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, and their position related to axis of the patient can affect the nasal contours and nasal measurements. The aim of this study was to compare the rhinoplasty pictures taken under three different lighting settings and two different positioning at 30- and 45-degree angles, and with direct measurements taken by caliper from the subjects. Standardized rhinoplasty pictures from 10 patients were taken in frontal view in a studio. These pictures were taken under three different lighting settings: built-in flash of the camera, two strobe flashes, and two LED continuous lights placed at 30 to 45 degree angles to the patient. All the pictures were uploaded to Rhinobase 2.0. In five subjects, direct measurements were done by using a Vernier caliper and compared with the computer measurements. In this study, when comparing the light sources and the angles without taking single flash into account, no relation was found between strobe lights at 30 and 45 degrees and between LED lights at 30 and 45 degrees regarding tip width, base bony width, dorsum width, interalar width, and nasal length. However, a statistically significant difference was found when the angle was changed from 30 to 45 degrees for tip width, interalar width and nasal length. The use of two LED continuous lights or two strobe lights in a studio setting has given similar results. Changing the angles of the light sources from 30 to 45 degrees affected only the tip width and the interalar width; otherwise the rest of the nasal measurements did not show any significant changes. The pictures taken at 45-degree angles to the subject showed the closest values to the direct measurements done on the patient.

Gait recognition is a leading remote-based identification method, suitable for real-world surveillance and medical applications. Model-based gait recognition methods have been particularly recognized due to their scale and view-invariant properties. We present the first model-based gait recognition methodology, $\mathcal{G}$lidar3DJ using a skeleton model extracted from sequences generated by a single flash lidar camera. Existing successful model-based approaches take advantage of high quality skeleton data collected by Kinect and Mocap, for example, are not practicable for applications outside the laboratory. The low resolution and noisy imaging process of lidar negatively affects the performance of state-of-the-art skeleton-based systems, generating a significant number of outlier skeletons. We propose a rule-based filtering mechanism that adopts robust statistics to correct for skeleton joint measurements. Quantitative measurements validate the efficacy of the proposed method in improving gait recognition., This paper is accepted to be published in: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Sept 22-25, 2019, Taipei, Taiwan

The design of plant-wide control system to optimize electricity production in geothermal power plant is proposed in this research. The objective is to overcome the deficiency due to changes in the characteristics of production well and fluctuation in electricity demand load. The proposed plant-wide control system has two main tasks; to maintain production process at optimum value and to increase efficiency. The pressure in separator and condenser is maintained at the respective set points under electrical load fluctuations in order to ensure optimum efficiency. The control system also reduce the usage of auxialiary electrical power and increase efficiency. The task was performed by controlling inlet cooling water temperatures to the condenser. It was concluded that the proposed control structure was able to increase efficiency and maintain production.

Yasuyuki Yamauchi,1 Jun-ichi Mochizuki,1 Akito Hirakata,2 Shigekazu Uda1 1Nihonmatsu Eye Hospital, Edogawa, Tokyo, Japan; 2Kyorin Eye Center, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Background: It is generally stated that opacities of the ocular media, including senile cataract, have little effect on the electrical responses of the retina. However, lower amplitudes and longer implicit times are sometimes observed in electroretinograms (ERGs) of patients with mature cataract. Methods: Single flash ERGs of mature cataractous eyes with decimal visual acuity less than 0.1 were compared with those of the fellow eyes with decimal visual acuity better than 0.5, in 105 senile cataract patients. Results: The mean amplitudes and implicit times of ERG a-waves were, respectively, 323.6±95.8 µV and 14.7±3.5 ms in the cataractous eyes and 352.3±96.6 µV and 12.0±1.5 ms in the fellow eyes. The mean amplitudes and implicit times of ERG b-waves were, respectively, 390.1±108.7 µV and 63.4±27.9 ms in the cataractous eyes and 415.3±119.1 µV and 59.0±9.3 ms in the fellow eyes. The mean amplitudes of the a- and b-waves were significantly lower and the mean implicit times of the a- and b-wave were significantly longer in the cataractous eyes as compared to those of the fellow eyes. Postoperative visual acuity was similar in cataractous and fellow eyes. Conclusion: Even though single flash ERG was influenced due to mature cataract, eyes revealed good postoperative visual acuity. Single flash ERG does not always reflect the foveal function and the visual pathway; nevertheless, it remains a reliable guide to evaluate visual prognosis before cataract surgery. Keywords: single flash ERG, mature cataract

It is generally thought that the perceptual impact of a brief flash of light is determined by the quantity of photons the flash delivers. This means that only the total quantity of photons is important below a critical duration of about 30–100 ms. Recent findings have challenged this concept and the present work provides additional evidence that it is not correct. The first experiment reported here delivered a given quantity of photons in under 200 μs, either as a single threshold-intensity flash or as multiple flashes at the same intensity. The single flash was ineffective at eliciting recognition, but multiple flashes became progressively more effective as the number of flashes was increased. A second experiment varied the number of 10 μs flashes. The effectiveness of multiple flashes was far higher than would be expected on the basis of the total quantity of photons being delivered. The results of both experiments suggest that the brief transitions of intensity provided by the flashes are far more important than the quantity of photons. A final experiment examined the combined impact from two threshold-intensity flashes as the interstimulus interval was increased. The pair members were able to combine their influence for at least 100 ms. These results call for more attention to how very brief light flashes generate signals that convey image content.

A method that uses overlapping calibration wedges, made from the materials being investigated and placed alongside an object, is proposed for calculating the individual thicknesses of two-component objects. On detectors separated by an absorber, images in two different ranges of X-ray hardness are recorded with a single flash. As a result, there is no need to know the spectrum of X-ray radiation source or the spectral characteristics of the radiographed objects or the detector in order to solve the inverse problem.

Numerous investigations have been carried out on bioluminescence emissions from male fireflies. However, very few observations have been made on the emitted light from female specimens. Even in those, apart from observing responses from females to courtship flashes from conspecific males, detailed studies have not been performed. Here we present a first report on the light of female fireflies of the Indian species Luciola praeusta Kiesenwetter 1874 (Coleoptera:Lampyridae:Luciolinae). In the steady-state emission spectrum over the temperature range of 20-40°C, the peak wavelength is the same as, while the full width at half maximum is larger than, that of a male specimen of this species. Increase in temperature up to 45°C brings out a change in both the peak and FWHM values, shifting towards red. In the time-resolved measurement, duration of a flash, which is noticeably larger than that of a male, is found to decrease exponentially with temperature at 20-40°C. Further increase in the temperature produces a minimum flash duration at 41.5°C, and beyond this causes a considerable increase in duration for small increase in temperature. Additionally, lowering the temperature below 20°C makes a single flash appear as a combination of two or three flashes.