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In the present study, photocatalytic material ZnO nanorod and 20%Cu-substituted ZnO nanorod synthesised via hydrothermal route by using Zn(NO3)2.6 H2O and CuCl2.2 H2O as the source of zinc and copper, respectively. Cu present in 20%Cu-substituted ZnO NRs photocatalytic material led to reducing in the band gap of pure ZnO and enhanced the efficiency of photocatalytic material. Sample purity and crystallinity were investigated by XRD study. The surface study and extent of doping were examined by the SEM-EDX analysis.20%Cu-substituted ZnO NRs showed enriched degradation efficiency of 100 ppm chlorobenzene solution than ZnO NRs at pH 5 in 120 min under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, graphitic carbon nitride/GO/V2O5 nanocomposite was synthesized via a single stage and utilized this photocatalyst for the degradation of the pesticide Chlorpyrifos. The nanocomposite was prepared using the hydrothermal method. The crystal structure was determined using powder X-ray diffraction of ternary nanocomposite material crystallite size, phase, and defects. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FT-IR evaluated surface morphologies and functional groups. FTIR heterocycle C–N and C=N stretching modes due to bands of 1200–1650 cm−1 During the course of the experiment, the impacts of the experimental parameters (such as pH, time, H2O2 concentration, and Catalyst Dose) on the degradation of Chlorpyrifos were investigated. The photocatalytic studies indicated that the graphitic carbon nitride/GO/V2O5 composites significantly outperformed the pure versions of g-C3N4 in photocatalytic degradation of Chlorpyrifos. The excellent photocatalytic removal efficiency of more than 88% in 120 min obtained using a graphitic carbon nitride/GO/V2O5 catalyst pointed toward a great alternative catalyst for the treatment of Chlorpyrifos and other hazardous pesticides from wastewater. By using 0.1% H2O2, the photocatalytic elimination of Chlorpyrifos was further increased from 88 to 90.5%. The g-C3N4/GO/V2O5 catalyst has outstanding recycling performance and a high level of stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α‐Amido ketones play a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry due to their significance. The synthesis of these compounds under metal‐free conditions has been successfully achieved. An efficient hydrogen bond‐assisted method for synthesizing α‐amido hydroxyketones was developed using I2/dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) to promote oxidative reactions between various acetophenones and amides. This reaction occurs under mild metal‐free conditions, resulting in the production of the corresponding α‐amido hydroxyketones in significant quantities and with good to high yields. DFT studies have revealed that the H‐bonding interaction between the carbonyl oxygen and hydroxy group leads to the formation of stable α‐amido hydroxyketones, in contrast to α‐amido dione. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we designed and synthesized two novel MN4-type macrocyclic complexes of NiII using a simple template-based strategy. The synthesized macrocyclic complexes were characterized by using several analytical techniques such as elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The molar conductance was also measured to predict the electrolytic behavior of macrocyclic complexes. Furthermore, the complexes were subjected to electrochemical investigation utilizing cyclic voltammetric techniques. The results indicated a quasi-reversible peak for NiII/NiI redox couple with Ep value is 0.195 V and E1/2 value of -0.749 V vs Ag/AgCl electrode. The complexes stabilized the unusual oxidation state of the central metal ion. In addition, both complexes were tested for their antibacterial activities against pathogens like E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. albicans, and P. aeruginosa, and both complexes were shown to have comparable antibacterial activity with the standard drug Gentamycin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrorist attacks aim to maximize human fatalities and related damages to instill fear within the community. Such attacks are considered High Impact Attacks (HIAs) and orchestrating them requires considerable organizational setup and resources. This study extends the implementation of the Iterative Outlier Analysis (IOA) heuristics developed earlier to each region reported in the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). It reinforces and generalizes the finding that the "nkill" attribute resulted in richer sets of HIAs in regions where terrorism is prolific compared to the composite measure Global Terrorism Index—Impact Score (GTI-IS). HIA dataset of each region facilitates the identification and ranking of the Most Active Organizations (MAOs). Moreover, this study proposes a consistency and intensity code (CIC) to classify terrorist organizations capable of HIAs using four color categories. K-Means validate the number of clusters. The frequency of MAOs rank follows distinct probability distribution in each CIC category. Finally, this research identified the most virulent consistent and intense terrorist organizations (CITO) capable of perpetrating attacks in multiple regions. Regional counterterrorism policymakers can use such a classification method. A non-parametric hypothesis test confirmed that the contribution of ideologies varies significantly by region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research develops an innovative terror threat advisory system capable of visually communicating variations in the terrorism levels to policymakers or the public and forecasts future levels. Earlier attempts to create similar advisory systems by policymakers were either discontinued or lost their relevance due to a trust deficit in the system. We propose a novel approach for creating a color scheme and utilize it to develop an intuitive caterpillar diagram summarizing various stages of terrorism. It incorporates Global Terrorism Impact Scores for a nation or region using the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). Further, color transitions in the caterpillar diagram between consecutive periods mimic a Markovian process, thereby enabling us to develop the forecasting model. We successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed caterpillar diagram and forecasting model for India, Iraq, and their respective regions. The forecasting model suggests that the aggressive terrorism stage depicted by red color and transient stages of ascent (yellow) and descent (cyan) are the most probable in these nations and their regions. The proposed caterpillar diagram is an innovative visualization approach to identify terrorism patterns, from which a Markovian forecasting model is developed to aid policymakers. Our approach applies to any event-based database like GTD. Finally, the caterpillar diagram is a domain-independent framework that can visualize variations in any univariate data series, thereby assisting in system monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientists in this decade carry out commendable examinations, which they do regardless of the way that they know about the clever meanings that a peristaltic peculiarity has in various natural and physiological frameworks. Because of the renowned uses of the peristaltic occasion in the gastrointestinal plot, fake lung, heart hardware, and blood course in the body, concentrates on this subject actually require consideration. The reason for this exploration is to research the way in which blood travels through a corridor when a dynamic rush of region withdrawal and development moves along the blood vessel wall. This attempt investigates the clever effect of variable consistency on the peristaltic stream of non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid through a slanted cylinder. The impact of changing the properties of the liquid as well as the properties of the wall is thought about. The use of the MATLAB 2009b program delivers a graphical portrayal of significant boundaries on the physiological stream amounts. The outcomes that were acquired demonstrate that the conveyances of speed improve when higher upsides of the thickness boundary are utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]