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Superfluid helium nanodroplets are unique nanomatrices for the isolation and study of transient molecular species, such as radicals, carbenes, and ions. In this work, isomers of C3H4+ were produced upon electron ionization of propyne and allene molecules and interrogated via infrared spectroscopy inside He nanodroplet matrices. It was found that the spectrum of C3H4+ has at least three distinct groups of bands. The relative intensities of the bands depend on the precursor employed and its pickup pressure, which indicates the presence of at least three different isomers. Two isomers were identified as allene and propyne radical cations. The third isomer, which has several new bands in the range of 3100–3200 cm−1, may be the elusive vinylmethylene H2C=CH–CH+ radical cation. The observed bands for the allene and propyne cations are in good agreement with the results of density functional theory calculations. However, there is only moderate agreement between the new bands and the theoretically calculated vinylmethylene spectrum, which indicates more work is necessary to unambiguously assign it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the current environmental concerns, the RESs have become popular as the microgrid structures for power generation. However, due to capricious weather and loading conditions, the generated power and thereby the microgrid frequency get adversely affected. This instant study puts forth the control strategy for the mitigation of frequency excursions, arising out of step load disturbance, in AC microgrid through adaptive network fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) scheduled fractional ordered proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control optimally tuned with a multiverse optimizer. The control strategy proposition is compared against multi-verse optimized PID and fractional order PI controls. Furthermore, the study investigates as to how EV affects in stabilizing the system frequency in the backdrop of a load disturbance. For a more realistic assessment, the proposition is assessed in the face of system nonlinearities and random load perturbations also to establish its robust and stable behavior. The results prove the efficacy of the multi-verse optimized ANFIS scheduled fractional ordered PID controller. Simulations are executed using MATLAB® software. The results are also validated by experimental studies employing a hardware-in-loop configuration on the OPAL-RT real-time simulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the optimum lateral spacing and irrigation frequency of a subsurface drip irrigation system for broccoli crop grown in the semi-arid region of Haryana (India). The effects on soil water dynamics, growth parameters (i.e. plant height, leaf length, no. of leaves/plant, curd weight and curd diameter), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), fertilize use efficiency (FUE) and yield response of broccoli were assessed under two lateral spacings (45 cm and 60 cm) and four irrigation frequencies (daily, and after one, two & three days) in the years of 2019–20 and 2020–21. The results show that soil moisture content was higher near the dripper, and it decreased with increasing radial distance from the drippers. Further, the moisture content was high at 45 cm lateral spacing as compared to 60 cm lateral spacing. The effects of selected treatments on growth and yield parameters were found significant and maximum broccoli yield (147. 41 q ha−1) was found at 45 cm lateral spacing with alternate days of irrigation. The highest IWUE and FUE of 9.93 kg/m3 and 30.68 kg/kg, respectively, were also found at alternate days irrigation with 45 cm lateral spacing. It may be concluded from the present study that alternate days irrigation with 45 cm lateral spacing is the best choice to obtain the maximum yield of broccoli grown in winter season in the semi-arid region of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primordial anlage of sublingual gland was first noticed as a solid epithelial bud from oral epithelium at the 24th day of foetal development. The terminal buds were arranged in the form of clusters with undifferentiated epithelial cells and terminated in a bulb-like structure in the 30-day-old sheep foetus. On the 37th day, lumenization and branching of the main cord was noticed. The primary septa were observed from the 55th day onwards which resulted in the formation of lobulation on the 60th day. The capsule formation was initiated by aggregation of mesenchymal tissue on the 63rd day. On the 100th day, terminal tubules differentiated to form secretory end pieces. Tubular portions formed intercalated and striated ducts. Predominantly mucous type of acinar cells was seen from the 110th day onwards with myoepithelial cells. The number of lobules increased with increase in parenchyma from 130th day onwards. Micrometrical studies revealed that the mean diameter of acini, intercalated, striated and large ducts was increased with advancement of age and significant differences were observed between groups. Localization of acidic and neutral mucopolysaccharides were observed in mucous and goblet cells. Fine lipid droplets were observed in intralobular and interlobular connective tissue however, phospholipids were observed in cell membrane of acini and ducts. The current investigation provides microstructural standards for the organogenesis of the sublingual gland of miniature sheep and can lay the foundation for further studies in the morphological investigation of salivary gland development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Himalayas present a highly contrasting environment for the organisms that inhabit it, with summer and winter being the most disparate seasons. As winter approaches, the temperature drops, and deciduous plants, such as Ulmus wallichiana Planch., undergo senescence. In this study, we used the RNA-seq approach to generate a de novo transcriptome assembly of U. wallichiana, consisting of 300,067 unigenes. We investigated the differential expression pattern of these unigenes under changing climatic conditions, with a focus on the contrast between winter and summer. We observed that 2746 unigenes were differentially expressed, with a fold change of ≥ 2 and an FDR-adjusted p-value of ≤ 0.001. Among these unigenes, 37 were found to be related to senescence. We also identified nine DREB unigenes in the U. wallichiana transcriptome, which exhibited more or less contrasting patterns between summer and winter. These DREB unigenes may play an important role in regulating the plant's tolerance to cold and/or drought stress. Our findings shed light on the complex and dynamic process of transcriptomic reprogramming that enables U. wallichiana to cope with seasonal changes. Furthermore, this study highlights the urgent need for further research on U. wallichiana, as this endangered plant species remains largely unexplored at the genomic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper backtracks many commentaries on Bhai Vir Singh's master piece novel Sundri, enunciated by scholars of Punjab studies, feminist studies, and critical theory. While contesting that these exegetical commentaries rendered by the scholars of aforesaid domains have displaced and decentered the spirit of the text, the paper presents a fresh lens that endeavors to redeem this important text and its spiritual essence. In doing so, we grapple to decolonize a subaltern voice, that we feel, has been reduced to a feeble murmur in the aura of assertive contestations and many interpretations dissecting the textual body of Sundri. The paper will also be published by Naad Pargaas as an introduction to Bhai Vir Singh's 'Sundri' that was translated from its 16th Punjabi edition by Prof. Puran Singh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) is a significant problem in both developed and developing countries, especially among healthcare workers. It has widespread implications for their overall health and well-being. Objective: The study was conducted to assess the problem of violence among doctors and other healthcare workers in healthcare settings. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a validated questionnaire from August 21 to September 18, 2021, based on purposive and snowball-sampling techniques for data collection. Appropriate statistical methods were applied to study the association between sociodemographics and characteristics of violence. Results: A total of 601 responses were analyzed. The results showed that approximately 75% of the participants experienced violence in some form at their workplace. These episodes lead to a significant impact on the physical and mental health of these workers. Around one-third of the participants felt uncomfortable reporting these incidents. Some of the most common risk factors and mitigation strategies were also reported by the participants.Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used by the legislators, administrators, and policymakers to develop strategies that can help in mitigating these episodes of violence for the better functioning of the healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Bowen's disease (BD) is a squamous cell carcinoma in situ, commonly encountered in elderly population with an incidence reported as 15 cases per 100 000 people per year. It is considerably more common in Caucasian skin compared to skin of colour where it has not been studied extensively; the prevalence of BD in skin of colour is now known. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology. Hospital records of patients who were seen in the clinic between September 2017 and September 2022 [N=228,194] were screened, records of patient who underwent biopsy were retrieved [N'=1431]; eight patients (n=8) with clinical diagnosis of BD, confirmed on histopathology were included in the study. Results The mean age of patients included was 60.37±6.9 years with equal male and female [M:F=1]. The only risk factor identified was prolonged sun exposure seen in half the patients. The mean duration of the lesions at time of presentation was 3.27±3.21 years. The most common site was trunk (62.5%) followed by lower limb (25%) and head & neck (12.5%). All, except one, had lesion over photo-protected sites. All patients presented with a well-defined plaque; morphological features included pigmentation (75%), scaling (75%), crusting (62.5%), erythema (25%) and ulceration (12.5%). The mean size of the lesion (plaque) at presentation was 5.50±3.02×5.71±2.81 cm2 Biopsy was characteristic in all cases; features seen were atypia (100%), loss of polarity (100%), acanthosis (87.5%), hyperkeratosis (87.5%), parakeratosis (87.5%), hyperchromatic nucleus (87.5%), pleomorphism (87.5%), dyskeratotic cells (87.5%), mitotic figures (87.5%), "Windblown appearance" (62.5%), pigment incontinence (62.5%) and dermal invasion (12.5%). The histological variants seen in our study were classical (62.5%), papillated (25%) and irregular (12.5%). Conclusion We present here our experience of BD seen at our tertiary centre; there are limited case series from India describing BD. More prospective and population-based studies are needed in the future to determine the burden of the disease among Indians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we describe our pulsed helium droplet apparatus for spectroscopy of molecular ions. Our approach involves the doping of the droplets of about 10 nm in diameter with precursor molecules, such as ethylene, followed by electron impact ionization. Droplets containing ions are irradiated by the pulsed infrared laser beam. Vibrational excitation of the embedded cations leads to the evaporation of the helium atoms in the droplets and the release of the free ions, which are detected by the quadrupole mass spectrometer. In this work, we upgraded the experimental setup by introducing an octupole RF collision cell downstream from the electron impact ionizer. The implementation of the RF ion guide increases the transmission efficiency of the ions. Filling the collision cell with additional He gas leads to a decrease in the droplet size, enhancing sensitivity to the laser excitation. We show that the spectroscopic signal depends linearly on the laser pulse energy, and the number of ions generated per laser pulse is about 100 times greater than in our previous experiments. These improvements facilitate faster and more reproducible measurements of the spectra, yielding a handy laboratory technique for the spectroscopic study of diverse molecular ions and ionic clusters at low temperature (0.4 K) in He droplets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase in scaling of transistors in nanometer regime, various short channel effects are emerging in transistor operation that are required to resolved while putting conventional transistor to any practical application. Various device modifications and structure improvizations have been made and reported by the researchers to overcome the short channel effects and replace the conventional MOSFET with an optimized device in practical circuit applications. The device structure proposed in this work incorporates the negative capacitance phenomenon for making subthreshold swing steeper and enhancing current ratio of TFET. Further the device dimensions are being optimized to get improvised characteristics and best results are obtained at 3 nm thick BaTiO3 Ferroelectric material for making negative capacitance gate stack. In this paper, negative capacitance TFET so formed is used for implementing inverter and 1 T DRAM cell. Results obtained shows that the inverter and DRAM cell operates at a very lower supply voltage and are more suitable for low power applications as compared to conventional circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Data on the overall impact of antibiotic modification following initial empiric prescription in both culture-positive and culture-negative critically ill patients are exiguous. Materials and methods: In a retrospective analysis of"ANT-CRITIC"study, we classified ICU patients receiving empirical antibiotics who remained in the ICU for >72 hours or till availability of culture results (whichever is longer) into five groups based on culture results and antibiotic modification: negative culture, no change (group I), positive culture, no change (group II), positive culture, de-escalation (group III), positive culture, escalation (group IV) and negative culture, antibiotic modification (group V). Baseline variables and clinical outcomes were compared. Logistic regression analysis was performed to look for independent variables associated with mortality. Results: 276 prescription episodes were analyzed. Group II was associated with worsening organ dysfunction at 72 hours, lower clinical cure rate at day 7, and higher hospital mortality. There was an independent association between group II prescription and hospital mortality [adjusted OR 2.774 (CI 1.178-6.533), p = 0.02]. Group III received longer duration of antibiotic (mean duration = 8.27 ± 4.11 days, median duration = 7 days [IQR 5-11]). Conclusion: Outcomes of critically ill infected patients differ significantly when they are classified based on culture result and antibiotic modification pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All currently employed pharmaceutical formulations of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) sulfate are a racemate, consisting of equal parts mixture of two stereoisomers: R(−)HCQ and S(+)HCQ sulfates. The aims of the current study were first, to obtain and characterize pure HCQ enantiomers. The separation and purification of free base HCQ enantiomers from the racemate form were performed using semi‐preparative chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography. Second, we compared the pharmacological properties of both optical isomers and racemic mixture on the intracellular Ca2+ oscillations employing an in vitro model of human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The results of the pharmacological investigations indicate that the racemic and pure stereoisomer forms of HCQ sulfate exhibited a dose‐dependent inhibition of spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations (as measured from their frequency and Ca2+ peak widths) in cardiomyocytes 5–45 min following exposure. In addition, the concentration‐response relationships for all three compounds indicated that the rank order of potency (IC50) was R(−)HCQ >racemic HCQ >S(+)HCQ for the frequency of the Ca2+ oscillations and width of Ca2+ peaks for all time points examined. These studies indicate that both R(−) and S(+) stereoisomers exhibit differing pharmacological actions on hiPSC cardiomyocytes, with the former effecting a greater potency on cell Ca2+ handling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There are very few studies on the association between fetal epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Aims To evaluate the role of fetal epicardial fat thickness as a marker and use it in pregnancies to screen for GDM. Settings and Design A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging at Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, after the due clearance from the institutional research and ethics committee. Materials and Methods The study included pregnant patients at 24 + 0/6 to 28 + 0/6 weeks of gestation scheduled for a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test from December 1, 2020 to March 30, 2022. Antenatal ultrasound was performed on Voluson E8 Expert BT12 (Wipro GE) ultrasound machine. Out of 180 patients, 60 patients were selected, that is, 30 patients with raised 75 g OGTT results (cases of GDM) and 30 patients with normal 75 g OGTT results. Statistical Analysis The collected data were transformed into variables, coded, and entered into Microsoft Excel. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, student's t -test or Mann–Whiney U test, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test and statistically evaluated using the SPSS-PC-25 version. Results Fetal EFT was found to be significantly more in the GDM group in comparison to controls without GDM, and the increased fetal EFT was positively associated with 2-hour OGTT serum glucose values. The mean fetal epicardial fat thickness (EFT) in mothers with GDM was significantly larger, i.e., 0.17 ± 0.02 cm than in mothers without GDM, i.e., 0.12 ± 0.01 cm (p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve plotted from values calculated from our results shows high sensitivity (i.e., 96.67%) and specificity (i.e., 90%) of fetal EFT as a predictor for GDM with an AUROC value of 0.96 and 95% confidence interval of 0.92 to 1.0. Conclusions EFT was significantly higher in fetuses of diabetic versus nondiabetic mothers. The mean difference in EFT of GDM cases and controls was relatively small but was statistically significant. The study concluded that measuring the epicardial fat thickness in fetuses can serve as a novel marker in GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bathua (Chenopodium album) is a rich source of extensive-ranging nutrients, including bio-active carbohydrates, flavonoids and phenolics, minerals, and vitamins that translate to countless health benefits such as anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity. Ascaridole, an important phytoconstituent present in aerial parts of the plant, contributes to its anthelmintic property. Even with vast historical use and significant health benefits, its renown has not spread, and utilization has significantly decreased in recent decades. Gradually, the plant has become known under the name of Non-conventional edible plant (NCEP). This compilation is prepared to bring out the plant under the spotlight for further research by foregrounding previous studies on the plant. Scientific research databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online, were used to fetch data on C. album. This review offers over up-to-date knowledge on nutritious values, phytochemical composition, volatile compounds, as well as health benefits of C. album. The ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal uses of the plant in India and other parts of the world are deliberately discussed. Scrutinizing the reported literature on C. album reveals its powerful nutrient composition advantageous in the development of food products. The impact of various cooking and processing methods on the nutritional profile and bioavailability are discussed. The future perspectives with regards to the potential for food and nutraceutical products are critically addressed. This review proves the necessity of breakthrough research to investigate the pharmacology and safety of phytochemicals and nutraceutical development studies on the C. album. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute neurologic injury and increased intracranial pressure are associated with electrocardiographic (ECG) changes that include rhythm disturbances as well as ECG mimics of myocardial ischemia, such as focal or diffuse ST-segment or T-wave abnormalities. Both the mechanism and significance of these ECG changes are not clear. The authors report a case of a patient with a complex medical history who became hypotensive after he presented with acute intracranial hemorrhage. A subsequent ECG showing ST-segment elevation in the inferior and lateral leads was concerning for acute myocardial infarction. ST-segment elevation in the setting of acute intracranial hemorrhage can lead to diagnostic confusion and/or premature narrowing of the differential diagnosis. This case report starts with an example of this exact scenario, provides a concise overview of potentialmechanisms, and concludes with several possible strategies that the emergency provider can use to identify this effect in an undifferentiated patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health-Risk Behaviours (HRBs) are significantly associated with avoidable mortality in adolescents, and preventing HRBs requires an adequate understanding of related factors. Among associated factors, emotion regulation difficulties may impact youths' engagement in HRBs. Researchers explored the relation of emotion regulation with HRBs; however, specific emotion regulation difficulties for less severe and more prevalent HRBs, such as self-harming behaviour, risky-driving, violence, unhealthy dietary behaviour, and poor adherence to prescribed medication, has not been much explored. The current study aimed to explore the predictability of adolescents' specific difficulties in emotion regulation in relation to their engagement in HRBs. For this purpose, six different HRBs, that is, self-harm, violence, risky-driving, unhealthy dietary behaviour, inadequate physical activity, and lack of medication adherence, were studied. A total of 617 (Males = 356) adolescents (M age = 15.77) from five districts of Punjab state (India) provided required information on standardised self-report measures. The data were subjected to regression analysis, and the findings show that the participants who scored high on emotion regulation difficulties reported engagement in HRBs more than their counterparts. Some specific difficulties are more important than others for different forms of HRBs. It implies that the intervention programmes targeting specific HRBs should address specific facets of emotional dysregulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current and future diagnostics urgently need imaging agents that are non-toxic and superior to clinically used small molecule dyes. Herein, we have developed luminescent green light-emitting carbon dots (GCDs) via a single-step hydrothermal reaction using a low-cost chemical precursor, p-toluenesulfonic acid. The GCDs exhibit excitation-independent fluorescence (FL) emission with the photoluminescence quantum yield of 70% and no FL quenching up to 1.25 mg/mL. The GCDs exhibit negligible cytotoxicity up to 250 µg/mL concentration in RAW 264.7 cells. Interestingly, GCDs exhibit an excitation-independent and concentration-dependent fluorescence emission behaviour. In vitro, the peak emission was obtained at 520 nm using the excitation at 430 nm. Whereas FL intensity increased with increasing concentration up to 1.25 mg/mL and a sharp decrease in FL intensity is observed upon further increasing the concentration of GCDs. Upon subcutaneously injecting the GCDs into a euthanized mouse, a similar concentration-dependent FL behaviour is evident. Background autofluorescence hinders the use of the GCDs at 420 nm excitation, however, a strong FL emission at 520 nm can be obtained by exciting subcutaneously injected GCDs at 465 nm—demonstrating excitation-independent emission characteristics. The above results indicate the potential of the non-toxic, low-cost carbon dots for diverse bioimaging applications. Ultra-bright green-emitting carbon dots (GCDs) with photoluminescence quantum yield of 70% were synthesized using p-toluenesulfonic acid and ethylenediamine as precursors. The GCDs were subcutaneously injected into fresh mouse cadaver for fluorescence (FL)bioimaging, showing dose-dependent FL intensity behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gall Stone Disease shows aprevalence of 10-15% with 1.4% incidence every year in developed nations. Gall bladder illness results in a expenditure of 6.2 billion US dollars, which has risen by 20% in last 30 years and has built up a considerable health burden. Various risk factors for formation of gall stones have been postulated such as dietary habits, gender, obesity, age, multiparity and decreased physical activity. Methods: The present study was conducted on 50 patients with gall stones disease admitted in the Department of Surgery during period of 2020-2022 at MMMC & H Kumarhatti, Solan, H.P. Gall stones assessed by clinical and ultrasonographic examination of abdomen and confirmed on gross operative findings. Fasting 10 ml peripheral venous blood was collected from each patient and was processed for Serum Lipid Profile. Results: In our study,Total 50 patients with Gall stones were recruited. The Mean age was 49.48±12.78 years. 70% were females and 30 % were males.The mean BMI was 25.25±2.79 kg/m2. 50% of the study population had BMI in the healthier range while 44% had BMI in overweight category and only 6% patients with gall bladder stones were obese. The mean Total cholesterol was 207.98±54.11mg/dl, TG was 156.02±40.09mg/dl, HDL was 35.70±9.96 mg/dl, LDL was 141.08±49.05mg/dl while VLDL was 31.20±8.0209mg/dl Conclusion: Present study showed that Mean Age is 49.48 ± 12.78 years. Females are more affected with Gall Stones than Males. Patients with raised Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL, VLDL had higher BMI(Overweight and Obese category), HDL was below normal with higher BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research examines the impact of vibrations on seat-to-back transmissibility in tractor drivers. This study utilized a smart device for real-time data transmission to improve the experimentation by eliminating potential sources of error. Data was assessed using metrics such as weighted acceleration, daily exposure, power spectral density, and seat-to-back transmissibility. The seat pan and backrest were found to have high vibration levels on the vertical axis. Daily exposure response exceeded the exposure action limit of 0.5 m/s2, as specified in Directive 2002/44/EU. Power spectral densities at the seat pan and the backrest revealed dominant frequencies in the low-frequency range. Seat-to-back transmissibility demonstrated primary and secondary resonance within the 4.1-7.2 Hz and 8.2-11.8 Hz frequency ranges. Tractor manufacturers and designers could utilize the findings of this study to decrease the excessive vibration intensities and crucial resonating frequencies and thus enhance the operator's ride comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patients with cirrhosis have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 and mortality and are high-priority patients for vaccination. However, cirrhotics were excluded from the phase 2/3 vaccine trials. Hence, we aimed to assess the antibody response and safety of Covishield (ChAdOx1nCoV-19) among patients with cirrhosis. Methods: Patients who attended the tele-hepatology services at our institute from March 2020 to June 2021 and diagnosed with cirrhosis as per their medical records were telephonically interviewed in July 2021 using a pre-specified questionnaire. Patients who had completed 2 doses of ChAdOx1-nCOV (with the 2nd dose administered at least 2 weeks back) and without history of documented COVID-19 infection (pre- or post-vaccination) were tested for antibodies against the spike protein. Seropositive patients were divided into high, moderate, and low antibody responses based on the signal/cut-off. Results: We interviewed 784 patients with cirrhosis. At least 1 dose of ChAdOx1-nCOV was received by 231 patients among whom 134 (58%) had received 2 doses. Documented COVID-19 was reported in 3.9% patients who received at least 1 dose of ChAdOx1-nCOV including breakthrough infections in 3.7% patients vaccinated with 2 doses. Local and systemic adverse events were reported by 42% and 22.1% patients. None developed anaphylaxis, acute decompensation, acute-on-chronic liver failure, or other serious adverse events requiring hospitalization. Seroconversion was documented in 81 (92%) out of 88 patients. No difference was observed in level of antibody response between patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis (p = 0.12). Conclusion: Our preliminary data suggest that ChAdOx1-nCOV is safe with high seroconversion rates in patients with cirrhosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the efficacy of "Six Thinking Dupatta Skills" as a problem-solving skill for the prevention of suicide in wives who were grieving of Bathinda district (Punjab) who had lost their husbands because of suicide. It was hypothesized that this method would be effective in alleviating suicidal ideation, grief, depression and build resilience in them. Three wives who were grieving wives (average age 45.22 years old) from the Bathinda district of Punjab (India) were given "Six Thinking Dupatta Skills" as problem-solving skills in five stages. The findings suggest the 'Six thinking Dupatta Skills can be effective as problem-solving skills at the time of grieving situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound examination is used for the assessment of abnormal findings on prenatal screening. Radial ray defect can be screened by using ultrasonography. Abnormal findings can be detected quickly by having the understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology and embryology. It is a rare congenital defect that may be isolated or associated with other anomalies including Fanconi's syndrome and Holt-Oram syndrome. We report the case of a 28-year-old woman (G2P1L1) who presented for routine antenatal ultrasound at 25 weeks 0 days according to the last menstrual period. The patient did not have any level-II antenatal anomaly scan done. An ultrasound was performed, and the gestational age according to the ultrasound scan was 24 weeks and 3 days. In this paper, we present a brief review of embryology and critical practical points, and report a rare case of radial ray syndrome with associated ventricular septal defect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tunnel FETs (TFETs) are a strong contender for replacing conventional MOSFETs in lower power applications due to their low off-state current and sub-threshold swing being much lower than 60 mV/decade. The major trade-off is the shortcomings of TFET, which are ambipolar behaviour, low on-state current and large miller capacitance. The various novel structures of TFETs have been proposed by researchers. This work presents one such structure of heterojunction negative capacitance TFET with raised source and gate material overlapping. With the intervention of the ferroelectric layer in the gate stack of TFET, the overall performance of the device has been improved. Further AC DC analysis and electrical noise analysis are carried out for the proposed device to see the impact of improvisations being done in the structure on the input–output characteristics of the device. Synopsys TCAD tool is used to carry out the simulations at low and high frequencies. As per the results obtained, the raised source device using Ge as source material exhibits a high ION of 4.295 × 10−5 A/μm, low IOFF of 6.01 × 10−15 A/μm and sub-threshold slope of 53.75 mV/decade. The proposed device structure is having least ambipolarity and can be used in ultra-low power circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) constitute a salient proportion of urological consultations in males. There is significant concurrence among Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), chronic prostatitis and prostate cancer vis-a-vis clinical presentation, radiological imaging and PSA levels. The present study was a cross sectional study to understand correlation between TRUS and MRI findings in patients with elevated serum PSA levels. Materials and methods: The study was done on 40 patients with LUTS and elevated serum PSA levels (>4ng/ml). These patients were subjected to both TRUS and MRI.Patients showing imaging features suspicious for carcinoma prostate were subjected to TRUS guided biopsy and histopathological evaluation was done. Results: The largest number of cases i.e., 17 (42.50%) were of 66-75 years age group. The highest number of participants i.e., 24 (60%) had PSA levels in 10-20 ng/ml range. The average prostate volume calculated by TRUS was 31.3 ml and by MRI was 33.2 ml. Abnormalities of the central gland/ transition zone were found in 39(97.5%) patients on TRUS. Abnormalities of the central gland/ transition zone were found in all 40 (100%) cases on T2WI and 20 (50%) cases on DWI/ ADC. Abnormalities of the peripheral zone were found in 5 (12.5%) cases on TRUS. Abnormalities of the peripheral zone were found in 7 (17.5%) cases on DWI/ADC and 28 (70%) cases on T2WI. Overall, in our study 32 out of 40 patients were provisionally diagnosed as benign prostatic pathology and 8 patients as cases of prostate carcinoma on radiological imaging. Conclusion: In our study, it was found that the chances of malignancy increase with rising PSA levels especially significantly after 20ng/ml. MRI was found to be better than TRUS in the assessment of prostatic parenchyma and consequently in differentiating between benign and prostatic carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Urdbean (2n=2x=22), also known as blackgram is an important short duration legume crop belonging to family Fabaceae, widely cultivated in Asia. Urdbean occupies an important position among pulses owing to its high seed protein (25-26%), carbohydrates (60%), fat (15%), minerals, amino acids and vitamins. Owing to its low water requirement, it is also suitable for rainfed conditions. It adapts well to various cropping systems owing to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with soil bacteria, rapid growth and early maturity. Half diallel analysis was adopted in present study to gather information on gca (general combining abilities) and sca (specific combining abilities) of 6 diverse parents and simultaneously estimating various types of gene effects involved in the expression of seed yield and related attributes in urdbean. Methods: The F1's were developed during 2017 in 9 × 9 half diallel fashion by Sharma (2019) and these F1's were evaluated. Significant crosses on the basis of gene action and combining ability were selected for further advancement. The experimental material comprised of the six parents and 15 F2's of a 6 × 6 half diallel cross among six cultivars of urdbean (four are purelines viz., Palampur-93, HPBU-111, DU-1 and KU-553 and rest of the two are advanced and indigenous lines viz., Him Mash-1 and IC-281994). The F2's along with the parental genotypes were grown in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications at Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, COA, CSK HPKV Palampur (H.P.) during Kharif, 2018. Result: The cross combination, Him Mash-1 × HPBU-111, was identified the best for high seed yield on the basis of sca. The specific crosses, Palampur-93 × IC-281994, Palampur-93 × KU-553 were good specific combiners for most of the traits viz., plant height, branches per plant, pods per plant, biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant, harvest index, 100-seed weight and crude protein content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some of the plants that were investigated in this study have a long history of usage in medical practises, and scientists believe that the high levels of antioxidants found in these plants may be the reason for their effectiveness as treatments. Because flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds all include antioxidants in their chemical structures, it is well established that they provide some protection to the body. There is a long-held belief that plants of this kind can provide some kind of protection from damage. Using in vitro testing, researchers investigated whether or not extracts of the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and Mallotus philippensis have potential anti-ulcer and antioxidant capabilities. Both of these plants may trace their origins back to the Philippines, where they were first domesticated. This study was conducted with the intention of determining whether or not extracts of the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and Mallotus philippensis have an inhibiting effect on H+-K+ ATPase when tested in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) is a versatile technique for surface patterning that enables formation of micro-nano sized periodic structures on top of the target material. In this study, DLIP in high pressure, supercritical and liquid CO2 by 4-beam DLIP was used to pattern titanium and zinc targets. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterize the patterned surfaces. Field emission SEM analysis showed presence of ordered uniform donut ring pattern with hollow centers for both titanium and zinc with a period slightly under 3 µm while topographical images from atomic force microscopy revealed donut rings protruding outwards typically around 200 nm from target surface and consisted of a crevice at the center with a depth typically around 300 nm and 250 nm for titanium and zinc target, respectively. Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis, this is the first study to report formation of TiO2, TiC, ZnCO3, and zinc hydroxy carbonate on the pattern by DLIP in supercritical and liquid CO2 for titanium and zinc targets. Pressurized CO2 is demonstrated as a promising environment with mirror-based DLIP system for reactive patterning. Due to the superior transport properties and solvent power of supercritical CO2, the current study opens possibilities for reactive patterning in environments that may not have been previously possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) is a versatile technique for surface patterning that enables formation of micro-nano sized periodic structures on top of the target material. In this study, DLIP in high pressure, supercritical and liquid CO2 by 4-beam DLIP was used to pattern titanium and zinc targets. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterize the patterned surfaces. Field emission SEM analysis showed presence of ordered uniform donut ring pattern with hollow centers for both titanium and zinc with a period slightly under 3 µm while topographical images from atomic force microscopy revealed donut rings protruding outwards typically around 200 nm from target surface and consisted of a crevice at the center with a depth typically around 300 nm and 250 nm for titanium and zinc target, respectively. Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis, this is the first study to report formation of TiO2, TiC, ZnCO3, and zinc hydroxy carbonate on the pattern by DLIP in supercritical and liquid CO2 for titanium and zinc targets. Pressurized CO2 is demonstrated as a promising environment with mirror-based DLIP system for reactive patterning. Due to the superior transport properties and solvent power of supercritical CO2, the current study opens possibilities for reactive patterning in environments that may not have been previously possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the patch antenna for moisture content measurement of made tea. The patch antenna-based system uses an air gap between the ground plane and an electrically conductive patch. The tea sample is contained in the air gap. The patch antenna design has a resonance frequency of 5 GHz. The resonance frequency and S11 parameters are measured for tea samples in the moisture range of 2–10%. The resonance frequency of the patch antenna was observed to decrease with an increase in the moisture content of tea. However, the return loss of patch antenna was observed to increase with an increase in the moisture content of made tea. Linear model parameters were calculated for the prediction of the moisture content of tea leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The sublingual salivary gland being one of the major salivary glands contributes to a substantial amount of saliva secreted into the mouth. Saliva contains water, various enzymes, mucopolysaccharides and lubricating glycoproteins. It has an important role in providing lubrication for eating and vocalization, aid digestion and supply saliva for pH buffering. The study of prenatal development is prerequisite to understand the normal developmental biology of an organ. The documentation of normal foetal growth can serve as a guide for understanding the consequence of harmful influences at various stages of gestation. The present study was aimed at elucidating the histogenesis of sublingual gland of buffalo during prenatal as well as neonatal life. Methods: The study was carried out on 36 buffalo foetuses, during different stages of prenatal development, as well as 6 neonates. The fetuses were categorized into three groups based on their curved crown rump length (CVRL). The ontogenetic events in histogenesis of sublingual salivary gland of foetal and neonatal buffaloes were observed. Result: The primordial anlage of monostomatic and polystomatic parts of sublingual gland was observed at 39th day and 53rd day of development respectively. The primary ducts (interlobular) were first observed at 80th day of development. The lobulation of the gland was started at 107th day of development, whereas the capsule formation was initiated by the aggregation of mesenchymal tissue at 121st day of development. The duct system was completed at 121st day of development. At same day, the terminal tubules attained the structure of the acini. The typical compound tubulo-acinar nature was first observed at 122nd day of development. The gland showed predominantly mucous type of cells at 137th day of development. The myoepithelial cells were first appeared at 138th day of development. The monostomatic and polystomatic parts were clearly distinguishable by connective tissue at 170th day of development. In neonates, the gland was of compound tubulo-acinar nature with a well-defined capsule. Localization of acidic and neutral mucopolysaccharides was observed in mucous and goblet cells. Fine lipid droplets were observed in intralobular as well as interlobular connective tissue, however, phospholipids were found in the cell membrane of secretory acinar cells and ducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of vibration on health and comfort in tractors with water tankers. The vibration was measured on the floor, seat pan, and backrest of the tractor at different speeds and water levels to optimize for low spinal load in terms of static compressive dose (Sed(8)) and comfort reaction (CR). The experiments were designed using the Taguchi Method and the Response Surface method, and the parameters were optimized using the desirability approach. Models developed to predict Sed(8) and CR showed a significant effect of speed and water level on Sed(8) and CR. The mean Sed(8) exceeded the limits of ISO 2631-5, indicating the probability of adverse health effects. The mean CR indicated uncomfortable exposure based on ISO 2631-1. The optimum ride levels were found at a speed of 8.4 m/s and water level of 3000 L. A confirmatory experiment substantiated the optimum conditions, with output lies within the 95% confidence interval of the predicted responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) is a significant problem in both developed and developing countries among healthcare workers. The study aims to examine the perspective of resident doctors on various aspects of WPV to promote a better understanding of the complexity of the problem of WPV at a tertiary care center in India. Material and Methods: Seven focus group discussions were conducted with resident doctors from various departments, which were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. Discussions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim to English. Thematic analysis was done using Atlas. ti 8 to generate themes, subthemes, and codes from the discussions. Results: A total of 39 resident doctors with a mean age of 28.0 ± 3.8 years were recruited. The themes that emerged during the analysis are as follows: types of WPV, risk factors for WPV, the impact of WPV, and mitigation strategies for WPV. Conclusion: Exposure to WPV is not uncommon in India. Factors associated from individual to policy level are involved in subjugating the episodes of violence. Findings from this study will contribute in devising mitigation strategies for the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to assess the combining ability of diverse genotypes of watermelon in a line x tester mating design at the Vegetable research farm, Department of Vegetable Science, PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The 40 F1 hybrids, 10 lines, 4 testers were evaluated in Feb-May, 2019 for yield and component traits. The analysis of variance indicated significant variability among all the genotypes for all the traits. The combining ability analysis revealed that general combining ability effects and specific combining ability effects were significant for all the traits. The ratio of σ2SCA/σ2GCA indicated the predominance of non-additive gene effects for internode length, days to appearance of 1st female flower, fruit length, fruit width, yield/plant, number of fruits/plant, average fruit weight, vine length, TSS and vitamin C. Among the parents, lines WM-10, yellow-2 and Barmer; and tester KFF 1-1-2 were good general combiner for fruit yield and component traits. Among the hybrids, W-6-3-3-3-2 × KFF 1-1-2, WM-20 × KFF 1-1-2 and Yellow-2 × KFF 1-1-2 were good specific combiners for higher TSS content and good yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The halide perovskite nanocrystals (P‐NCs) can address a plethora of issues of the light‐emission technologies, due to its low temperature processing. To successfully employ P‐NCs for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), one needs to resolve the issues of stability of the LEDs. The stability of device can be achieved by charge balance of electrons and holes recombination in active material. To investigate this herein, a self‐assembled carbon dots (CDs) layer is fabricated from waste small strands of human hair. The self‐assembled CDs layer is used beneath P‐NCs layer to reduce the band‐off set for hole transport, thus balancing the electron and holes carrier in active layer. The layer is used as an active light‐emitting layer to fabricate a LED device that exhibits green luminescence of 4800 cd m−2 at a current efficiency of 10.7 cd A−1 and external quantum efficiency of 4.8%. The LED exhibits operational stability of nearly 200 h. The same film is used to demonstrate a flexible device with maximum luminescence of 2259 cd m−2, with a high current density of 474 mA cm−2, current efficiency of 1.37 cd A−1 and a low turn‐on voltage of 3.5 V. All the display devices are measured in air without encapsulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of transcutaneous perianal ultrasonography (TPUS) in patients with perianal fistula and to correlate the findings with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as gold standard. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included patients who presented with suspicion of perianal fistula. After clinical examination, TPUS and MRI of perianal region were performed on each of them. Clockwise position of internal opening of the fistula was described. The entire length of the tract was evaluated up to the external opening. Also, any ramifications along the primary tract were described. Parks et al and St James's University Hospital MR Imaging Classification of Perianal Fistulas were used for classifying the fistulas. Results: Out of total 37 patients, the most common age group of presenting individuals was 45 to 60 years with male to female ratio of 6.4:1. There was excellent agreement between TPUS and MRI for detecting primary fistulous tract with kappa correlation coefficient of 1. The kappa correlation coefficient for detecting secondary fistulous tracts and abscess on TPUS and MRI was 0.839 and 0.937 showing excellent agreement. Moderate agreement was seen with kappa correlation coefficient of 0.839 in the detection of internal opening on TPUS and MRI. Conclusion: TPUS showed promising results in diagnosis and classification of perianal fistulae with MRI as gold standard. A wide availability, cost-effectiveness, and better tolerability of TPUS can make it an imaging modality of first choice for evaluating perianal fistulae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer is among the leading noncommunicable diseases and its screening, diagnosis, management, monitoring, and relapse involve the use of tumor markers. Tumor marker requisition adds to a major financial burden if not used rationally. Aim and Objectives: The aim was to study the rational use of tumor markers in various cancers with objectives to do requisition analysis of tumor markers with the existing national guidelines by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and to assess its financial impact. Materials and Methods: A total of 355 cases were screened and 221 were included in the study. The patient’s laboratory requisition form raised by the ordering physician as a part of the screening, diagnosis, management, monitoring, and relapse for different conditions including cancers were studied retrospectively over a period of 5 months, and data were analyzed. Results: Two hundred and twenty‑one requisitions for various tumor markers were ordered for screening, diagnosis, management, monitoring, and relapse of various cancers and other conditions. Only 10%–30% of requisitions were found as per the laid down guidelines of the ICMR for different cancers. Carcinoembryonic antigen was ordered in only 20% requisitions as per the ICMR guidelines but has affected maximally in terms of test cost by adding up 88% to the budget of the test. Conclusion: Rational use of tumor markers in different cancers can cut down the cost factor directly. It prevents the physician in over diagnosing due to multiple requisitions in diagnosed cancers and hence avoiding undue medical procedures thus further reducing the financial burden on the patients and their family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies and interprets the political and economic undercurrents of three farm laws passed by Indian Parliament in September 2020, triggering a year-long protest by farmers that eventually led to their repealing in November 2021. While the government argued that the farm laws were designed to foster private sector investment in agriculture, the protestors, opined that the laws were designed to pullback from the Minimum Support Price (MSP) (provided particularly on wheat and paddy). Through a close reading of Punjab's agricultural economy, we delve into understanding the economic and political undercurrents of [un]settling rubble of farm laws and protests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching Veterinary Anatomy in a virtual world is an utmost requirement of the ongoing era of COVID‐19 pandemic. Due to sudden lockdown, all the educational institutes, professional medical and veterinary colleges were closed (except emergency services) and academic activities were suspended altogether. This situation was challenging as well as thought‐provoking for various academicians and professors to rethink about the means to keep the conduit of imparting education unceasing. This review focuses on the virtual reality aids that are being adopted worldwide and the initiatives taken by academicians during this era to impart best practical anatomy lessons yet being in a socially distant world. However, during the lockdown and social distancing, face‐to face interactions were not feasible, and therefore, number of distant learning methods were created on virtual platforms for continuing the process of teaching veterinary anatomy closer to reality available at their doorsteps where academic staff was actively involved to reconstruct and renovate resources, upgraded their digital competencies to develop new ways to shift from one on one and merged to remote online teaching, and anatomy teaching was transformed to an abrupt 'virtual mode'. Adopting virtual reality (VR) aids such as 3D animations, software packages, virtual dissections and E‐museum serves as a great saviour throughout this unprecedented pandemic in a socially distant world to continue the teaching connexion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of various tractor ride conditions on the lumbar spine during rotavator operation. The lumbar spinal response was assessed by determining static compressive dose, i.e., Sed (8). Raw acceleration data were measured on the seat pan and seat backrest to varying tractor velocity, tillage depth, and pulling force. The field experiments have been designed using Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array and the entire data analyzed in signal-to-noise ratios terms. The mean acceleration responses were dominant along the vertical axis and exposure levels were found beyond the exposure action value, i.e., 0.5 m/s2 as per Directive 2002/44/EU. Mean Sed (8) exceeded the limits of ISO 2631-5 indicating the probability of adverse health effects. Tractor velocity and pulling force have a significant impact on Sed (8) with a 64.43% and 27.73% percentage contribution. The FFT dominant peaks have been found in the 0.8 to 3.7 Hz frequency range. Moreover, the exact frequency of the peaks is found to be dependent on the experimental circumstances. The depicted dominant frequencies found in the range of low frequencies could lead to musculoskeletal disorders since they coincide with the natural frequencies of various parts of the body, especially in the lumbar region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Age is an important criterion for the identification of an individual and is important for social and medico-legal purposes whether in living, dead or in skeletal remains. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of cranial sutures namely coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, temporo-parietaland basiocciput-basishpenoid sutures, at autopsy for estimation of age. Materials & Methods: All these sutures were studied both ectocranially and endocranially, except basiocciput-basisphenoid which was studied only endocranially. A total of 280 cases of age group 18 years and above were studied using Acsadi-Nemeskeri scale. Results and Conclusions: Cranial sutures fused earlier on the endocranial surface than the ectocranial surface. When the total sample was studied, significant correlation with age was found in fusion of right coronal suture, lambdoid suture at the age of 36 to 55 years, sagittal and temporoparietal at the age of more than 76 years. Sagittal and lambdoid suture closure was found earlier in males. Coronal and temporoparietal sutures closed earlier in females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Age estimation is an integral part of identification of an individual which is needed for social and medicolegal purposes, whether in living, dead or in skeletal remains. Aim: To evaluate the utility of fusion of temporoparietal cranial suture for estimation of age at autopsy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the medicolegal postmortem cases that came to the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India during the period between October 2018 and July 2019. A total of 280 cases were studied. The fusion of temporoparietal suture was studied macroscopically during the routine postmortem examination. The temporoparietal suture was studied ectocranially and endocranially by dividing it into two equal parts (T1 and T2), and applying Acsadi-Nemeskeri scale (0-4). Mean and standard deviation were calculated for ectocranial and endocranial suture closure (left and right sides). Also, it was calculated for total mean of the segments (T1+T2) taken together on both sides. Actual age and the scored values were plotted in a linear regression curve and estimated age was calculated. Statistical analysis was carried out by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0. Spearman's correlation analysis was applied to determine the variable correlations. The p-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Estimated age for males and females was tested by Student's t-test of significance. Results: Out of total 280 cases studied, maximum (219) were males. Maximum number of males and females were found to be in age group of 26 to 35 years. It was observed that closure commenced at the age of 18 to 25 years (Acsadi-Nemeskeri scale mean of 0.87, 0.84 for T1, T2, respectively on left side) and (Acsadi-Nemeskeri scale mean 0.84 for T1 and T2 on right side). Closure was not complete even at the age of 76 years and above (Acsadi-Nemeskeri scale mean 2.67, 2.50 for T1, T2, respectively on left side) and (mean 2.33, 2.67 for T1, T2, respectively on right side). Conclusion: From the present study, it can be concluded that endocranially temporoparietal suture was closed at 18 years and above of age and it was found unfused even at age of more than 76 years for the identification of an individual especially in advanced age, and was consistent with the studies conducted by various authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We produced aniline cations (c –C 6 H 5 NH 2 +) and their dehydro- (H-loss) cations inside helium droplets by electron ionization and observed their mass-selected vibrational spectra in the N H stretching region. We observed vibrational bands at m/q = 93 which were identified as aniline cations. These bands showed only a few cm−1 shifts from the symmetric and anti-symmetric N H stretching bands for the amino (NH 2) group in the gas phase. For the H-loss cation at mass m/q = 92, the agreement of the observed N H band frequency with the result of DFT calculations suggests several candidate species, including a seven-membered ring structure, 4-monodehydro azepinylium (c –C 6 NH 6 +). A new reaction pathway to this cation was discussed by considering large excess energy in the ionization process. [Display omitted] • Aniline cations were produced in cold helium nanodroplets by electron ionization. • Both symmetric and anti-symmetric N–H stretching vibrational bands were observed. • H-loss fragment cations were found at m/q = 92 with a new N–H vibrational peak. • DFT calculations suggest candidate structures at 92 including a seven-membered ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IGF2BP1 is a protein that controls the stability, localization, and translation of various mRNA targets. Poor clinical outcomes in numerous cancer types have been associated with its overexpression. As it has been demonstrated to impede tumor growth and metastasis in animal models, inhibiting IGF2BP1 function is a promising strategy for combating cancer. A lead chemical, 7773 , which specifically decreased IGF2BP1 RNA binding and cellular activities, was previously identified in a high-throughput screen for effective IGF2BP1 inhibitors. Additional optimization of 7773 described in this manuscript led to the discovery of six compounds that performed equally well or better than 7773. In cell lines with high levels of endogenous IGF2BP1, one of 7773 derivatives, AVJ16 , was found to be most efficient at preventing cell migration. Further, AVJ16 was found to be IGF2BP1-specific because it had no effect on cell lines that expressed little or no IGF2BP1 protein. The direct binding of AVJ16 to IGF2BP1 was validated by binding tests, with a 12-fold increase in binding efficiency over the lead compound. AVJ16 was shown to bind to a hydrophobic region at the protein's KH34 di-domain interface between the KH3 and KH4 domains. Overall, the findings imply that AVJ16 is a potent and specific inhibitor of IGF2BP1 activity. [Display omitted] • Optimization of 7773 revealed six compounds that performed similar or better than 7773. • AVJ16 was found to be most efficient at preventing cell migration. • AVJ16 showed a 12-fold increase in binding efficiency to IGF2BP1 as compared to 7773. • AVJ16 binds to a hydrophobic region at the protein's KH34 di-domain interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH) has been reported as one of the most common GI complications in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). There is paucity of data on the national burden of GIH in patients with PH. We aimed to assess the prevalence, trends and outcomes of endoscopic interventions in patients with PH who were admitted with GIH. Method: We queried National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2005 to 2014 and identified the patients hospitalized with primary or secondary discharge diagnosis of PH (ICD 9 CM Code: 416.0, 416.8, and 416.9). Using Clinical Classification Software Coding system (153) patients with concurrent diagnosis of GIH were then identified. We studied the prevalence and trends of GIH in PH, factors associated with GIH, use of endoscopy, factors associated with utilization of endoscopic interventions, endoscopy outcomes including mortality, and overall healthcare burden. Results: Out of 7,586,973 PH hospitalizations 3.2% (N = 246,358) had concurrent GIH, with a rising prevalence of GIH in PH patients during the last decade. Clinical predictors for GIH in PH included older age, congestive heart failure, anticoagulation therapy and concurrent alcohol abuse. Mean length of stay (LOS) in PH patients hospitalized with GIH was significantly higher than without GIH (8.6 vs. 6.4 days, p < 0.01) along with a significant increase in hospitalization cost ($20,189 vs. $14,807, p < 0.01). Similarly, odds of in-hospital mortality increase by ~ 1.5 times in PH patients with GIH than those without it (adjusted odds ratio [aOR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.43–1.47]). Endoscopic interventions were performed in 48.6% of patients with PH and GIH during their hospitalization. Older patients were more likely to undergo endoscopy, as well as the patients who received blood transfusion, and those with hypovolemic shock. Patients with acute respiratory failure and acute renal failure were less likely to get endoscopy. Mean LOS in patients undergoing endoscopic intervention was significantly higher than those who did not receive any intervention (8.7 vs. 8.4 days, p < 0.01), without a substantial increase in hospitalization cost ($20,344 vs. $20,041, p < 0.01). Also, there was a significant decrease in in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing endoscopic interventions. Conclusion: Concurrent GIH in patients with PH increases length of stay; healthcare costs and increases in-hospital mortality. Use of endoscopic interventions in these patients is associated with reduced length of stay, in-hospital mortality without significantly increasing the overall health care burden and should be considered in hospitalized patients with PH who are admitted with GIH. Future studies comparing GIH patients with and without PH should be done to assess if PH is a risk factor for worse outcomes. Clinical trial registration number: No IRB required due to use of national de-identified data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyurethane is a promising candidate for the potting of embedded electronics due to its shock absorbing properties. This paper discusses the less known strain hardening and shock mitigation properties of 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate based polyurethane under dynamic loading. This study is reported in a strain rate range of 1600–2900 s−1 under compression using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The experimental stress–strain behavior of polyurethane was modeled with Hollomon's equation to analyze its hardening behavior in dynamic environments. Jointly, the incident, reflected, and transmitted strain signals of the SHPB are analyzed in time and frequency domains to understand the shock absorbing properties of polyurethane. Polyurethane was found to absorb more shock for more intense loading. It was observed to mitigate 81% of shock energy with frequencies up to 10 kHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of various extracts of Aloe vera Barbadensis Miller root for anti-inflammatory activity by simple, reliable less toxic less time consuming, activity checked under the HRBC membrane stabilization method. Since HRBC membrane is similar lysosomal membrane which influence in the process of inflammation. Water ethanol, extracts of aloe vera root was subjected to check the stabilization of HRBC membrane to predict the anti-inflammatory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present project work was to investigate the active constituent of plant Piper betel characterized for its antimicrobial activity. For the research analysis the stem powder subjected to phytochemical screening and was found to contain carbohydrate, protein, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoid, alkaloids and total antioxidant. The estimation and evaluation of antimicrobial activity was done by disc diffusion method. For this the different concentration ethanolic extract (20, 40, 60 & 80%) was prepared and from which initial concentration of 1mg/ml were loaded on 6mm dimension filter paper which was sterilized previously by autoclaving. The loaded disc was placed on surface of medium and the compound was allowed to diffuse for 5 minutes and all the plated were incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs. The end of incubation, inhibition zones formed around the disc in few mm, measurement done by using the ruler. As, a result the maximum inhibition was showed by the concentration of 60% dilution. The extract confirmed significant antimicrobial activity against the bacterial strains test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]