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Yudhiakuari Sincihu,1,2,* Muhammad Farid Dimjadi Lusno,2 Tri Marthy Mulyasari,2 Saliza Mohd Elias,3,* I Ketut Sudiana,4,* Kurnia Kusumastuti,4,* Lilis Sulistyorini,5 Soedjajadi Keman5,* 1Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia; 2Doctoral Program of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 3Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; 4Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 5Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Soedjajadi Keman, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Ir. Soekarno Street, Mulyorejo, Surabaya City, East Java, 60115, Indonesia, Tel +62 812 1729 908, Fax +62 31 5920948, Email soedja_keman@fkm.unair.ac.idPurpose: Low-density polyethylene microplastics are ingested into the bloodstream and distributed to all the organ tissue, including the hippocampus, causing toxic effects. This research aimed to elucidate the responses of hippocampal neurons to microplastic in the blood based on the expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in hippocampal neurons, and blood serum amyloid beta 1– 42 (Aβ 42) levels using SMART PLS pathway analysis.Methods: This was a pure experimental research on Wistar rats with a post-test control group design. Five experimental groups (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5) were given 0.0375 mg, 0.075 mg, 0.15 mg, 0.3 mg, and 0.6 mg of low-density polyethylene microplastics mixed in 2cc distilled water, respectively. Furthermore, except for control (C), the groups received microplastics an oral probe for 90 days.Results: The molecular response of hippocampal neurons of Wistar rats to microplastics in the blood significantly decreased SOD enzyme expression, while CAT enzyme was unaffected. It considerably increased n

Microplastic particles in the blood can cause damage to organs such as the brain. This study aimed to analyze the effect of microplastic particles in the blood on membrane damage (expression of malondialdehyde metabolites) and deoxyribonucleic acid damage (expression of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine metabolites) in hippocampus neurons of Wistar rats. Methods: Forty-two Wistar rats were used and equally divided into six groups. The study groups X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 was given 0.0375mg, 0.075mg, 0.15mg, 0.3mg, and 0.6mg of low-density polyethylene microplastic powder mixed with 2cc distilled water respectively, while the control group only given distilled water. Microplastic administration was carried out for 90 days. Results: Microplastic particles were found in the blood of Wistar rats. The level of microplastics particle was higher along with the higher exposure dose. The mean expression of malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine metabolites in the hippocampal neurons in CA1 and CA3 areas were significantly increased with higher exposure doses (Kruskal-Wallis test p <0.01). The Spearmen’s correlation showed a strong relationship between the levels of microplastic particles in blood and the expression of metabolites malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (all p <0.01). Microplastic in the blood of Wistar rats has increased expression of malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine metabolites in hippocampal neurons.

Microplastics have been identified as food chain contaminants. Most plastic polymers are polyethylene. Microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract will undergo persorption through the cell gap at the end of the intestinal villi into the blood circulation to be distributed throughout the tissue. It is suspected that microplastics will trigger chronic inflammation. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of oral exposure to polyethylene microplastics on the blood leukocyte cell count. Pure experimental research with posttest only control group design. Random allocation was used to divide 30 Rattus norvegicus wistar strains into each group of the same number. There were 4 exposure groups with a dose of D1=0.0375mg, D2=0.075mg, D3=0.15mg, D4=0.6mg of microplastic particles per day through an oral probe and 1 control group that was not given microplastics. Exposure is given for 90 days. One-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the difference in values ​​between groups. The results of this study show an increasing trend in the mean of leukocyte biomarkers, neutrophil and basophil counts in the exposure group (1,2,3,4) compared to the control (0). Statistical tests showed significant values ​​for leukocyte biomarkers (P= .048) and basophils (P= .040), where more exposure doses will cause an increase in the level of these biomarkers in the blood. Oral exposure to polyethylene microplastics had an effect on leukocytosis in the blood of Rattus norvegicus wistar strain., Mikroplastik telah diketahui sebagai kontaminan rantai makanan. Polimer plastik terbanyak adalah polietilen. Mikroplastik di saluran cerna akan mengalami persopsi melalui celah sel di ujung vili usus masuk ke sirkulasi darah untuk menuju keseluruh jaringan. Diduga mikroplastik akan memicu inflamasi kronis. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis dampak paparan mikroplastik polietilen peroral terhadap jumlah sel leukosit darah. Penelitian eksperimental murni dengan post-test only control group design. Alokasi random digunakan untuk membagi 30 ekor Rattus norvegicus strain wistar kedalam tiap kelompok sejumlah sama banyak. Terdapat 4 kelompok paparan dengan dosis D1=0,0375mg, D2=0,075mg, D3=0,15mg, D4=0,6mg partikel mikroplastik perhari melalui sonde oral dan 1 kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberikan mikroplastik. Paparan diberikan selama 90 hari. Uji ANOVA satu arah digunakan untuk analisis perbedaan nilai antar kelompok. Hasil penelitian nenunjukan tren peningkatan nilai rerata pada biomarker leukosit, hitung jenis neutrofil dan basofil pada kelompok paparan (1,2,3,4) dibanding kontrol (0). Uji statistika menunjukan nilai signifikan pada biomarker leukosit (P= .048) dan basofil (P= .040), dimana semakin tinggi dosis paparan yang diberikan menyebabkan peningkatan kadar biomarker tersebut di dalam darah. Paparan mikroplastik polietilen peroral pengaruh terhadap leukositosis di dalam darah Rattus norvegicus strain wistar.

Introduction: Noise is a health risk that cannot be avoided in production process. Noise has the potential to cause hearing loss for workers. The bad news, noise damage due to noise is permanent. Audiometric screening at shipyard company employees found 81.2% experienced Sensory-Neural Hearing Loss. 61.5% of employees experience deafness in both ears. The research objective was to find the cause of deafness at shipyard company. Methods: A Quantitative research with cross sectional approach in 64 subjects who worked in the ship repair production unit. The sample is chosen with a simple random technique according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Assessment was carried out using questionnaires, measurement, and direct observations. Result: The bad habit of wearing ear protectors on employees as a cause of deafness (p<.001, Coef .517**). Sound level measurement shows the activity of chipping, welding, cutting and outfitting with noise intensity more than the recommended threshold (85 dBA for 8 hour per day). Noisy sources were found such as blowers, compressors, grinders, cutting mach ines, ringlet machines, hammer blows on plates and generators. Conclusion: Hearing loss in shipyard company employees is a work-related disease caused by the poor culture of wearing ear protectors. The habits does not wear earplug/earmuff tools because its not comfortable in the ear when the appliance is used, the tools too small so its easily lost, forgetten to carry, and tool are not available.