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Dynamic written corrective feedback (DWCF) is a pedagogical approach that offers meaningful, manageable, constant, and timely corrective feedback on student writing (Hartshorn et al., 2010). It emphasizes indirect and comprehensive written error correction on short, daily writing assignments. Numerous studies have demonstrated that its use can lead to fewer language errors among undergraduate and pre-matriculated college writers (see Kurzer, 2018). However, the benefits of DWCF among second language (L2) graduate writers and the role of feedback timing have not been well examined. We analyzed timed writing samples over a 12-week intervention from 22 L2 graduate students who either received feedback on their writing throughout a semester, or postponed feedback until the last two weeks of the semester. Writing was analyzed for grammatical errors, lexical and syntactic complexity, and fluency. Results showed that neither timely nor postponed feedback led to significant improvement in grammatical accuracy or lexical complexity, but timely feedback did result in more fluent and complex writing. These findings suggest that the timing of feedback may be trivial for accuracy development but is more important for complexity among graduate writers. Teachers, teacher trainers, and writing administrators may use these insights as they plan curricula and design grammar and writing interventions.

The article focuses on the role of fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns in deciding therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) cases. Topics include the challenges in diagnosing HIE based on limited birth information, the evolving criteria for TH, and the importance of FHR tracings in informing clinical decisions.

The purpose of this study is to explore the reliability of a potentially more practical approach to direct writing assessment in the context of ESL writing. Traditional rubric rating (RR) is a common yet resource-intensive evaluation practice when performed reliably. This study compared the traditional rubric model of ESL writing assessment and many-facet Rasch modeling (MFRM) to comparative judgment (CJ), the new approach, which shows promising results in terms of reliability. We employed two groups of raters--novice and experienced--and used essays that had been previously double-rated, analyzed with MFRM, and selected with fit statistics. We compared the results of the novice and experienced groups against the initial ratings using raw scores, MFRM, and a modern form of CJ--randomly distributed comparative judgment (RDCJ). Results showed that the CJ approach, though not appropriate for all contexts, can be as reliable as RR while showing promise as a more practical approach. Additionally, CJ is easily transferable to novel assessment tasks while still providing context-specific scores. Results from this study will not only inform future studies but can help guide ESL programs in selecting a rating model best suited to their specific needs.

The article focuses on obtaining informed consent (IC), a critical and unavoidable step in the provision of care for any patient, from the newborn to the terminally ill. Topics include decisions that require IC in the reproductive ages, the application of IC to all aspects of medical care, and situations that seem to invite problems with IC.

The article focuses on the case of presumed perinatal stroke of an infant whose mother complained of abdominal pain during pregnancy. Topics discussed include the sequence captured on a video taken by the patient's mother, the patient's encounter with a lawyer when the baby was one year old, and an analysis of the problem in identifying the timing and mechanism of infant stroke.

The article presents a case study of a newborn admitted to a small community medical center with complications following delivery. Topics include the mother's prenatal challenges and the diagnosis of placental abruption, the newborn's critical condition with evidence of meconium aspiration and respiratory distress, and the delayed response in care that led to the eventual need for intubation and transport to a more advanced facility.

The article focuses on Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM) and its contentious role in obstetric care, questioning its effectiveness and ethical implications. Topics include critiques from both legal and medical perspectives, arguing that EFM lacks scientific validation, contributes to unnecessary interventions like C-sections, and fuels litigation rather than improving perinatal outcomes.

The article offers information on a case study where a PICC line was not placed centrally, leading to necrotizing fasciitis in a neonate. Topics include the patient's presentation, the difficulty in PICC line placement, subsequent complications including anuria and metabolic acidosis, and the eventual treatment and outcome of the case.

The article discusses a legal case involving a premature infant who suffered finger loss due to complications from a percutaneous arterial line (PAL) insertion. Topics discussed include the failure to perform and document an Allen test, inadequate nursing communication regarding the infant's condition, and the potential complications associated with cervical cerclage and intravascular catheterization in neonates.

The article offers information on the challenges of determining truth, especially in medical and legal contexts like allegations of child endangerment or abusive head trauma (AHT). Topics include a case study involving a mother admitted to a New Zealand hospital in labor, which resulted in a complex delivery and subsequent allegations of AHT. The case highlights the complexities of medical decision-making and the importance of probability analysis in differential diagnosis.

The article focuses on a sudden onset of symptoms in an infant, including poor feeding, abdominal distension, and non-responsiveness, leading to a medical emergency. Despite initial resuscitation efforts and diagnostic tests indicating small bowel obstruction, the exact diagnosis remains elusive, prompting consultation and further interventions in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).

The article discusses the impact and controversies surrounding the 2014 Guidelines for the management of labor issued by American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, highlighting unresolved issues regarding dysfunctional labor and rising cesarean section rates. Despite calls for revision, the new Guidelines fail to address concerns, offering unbalanced assessments and contradictory recommendations, raising questions about their evidence-based nature.

A SARS-CoV-2 genomic and serologic survey was performed in a population of bobcats (Lynx rufus) inhabiting the state of Connecticut, USA. Wild animal populations are becoming established in densely populated cities with increased likelihood of direct or indirect contact with humans, as well as with household cats and dogs. Wild-caught bobcats (n=38) tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and for virus-neutralizing antibodies by ELISA, suggesting that either the species is not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 or that the surveyed population has not yet been exposed to a source of infectious virus. However, this limited survey cannot rule out that human-to-bobcat or unknown reservoir-to-bobcat transmission of the virus occurs in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the classification of fetal heart rate patterns and questions the need for a change in the current terminology and definitions associated with electronic fetal monitoring (EFM), which is widely used in obstetrical procedures in the U.S. Topics include the ubiquity of EFM in assessing fetal tolerance during labor, its limitations, including variability and increased operative deliveries.

The article discusses the importance of understanding the timing, mechanism, and preventability of fetal neurological injury and its subsequent handicaps. It mentions that intrauterine perinatal asphyxia is implicated in stillbirth and perinatal mortality and that major neurological impairments such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and cerebral palsy (CP) can result from it.

The article presents a case study of involving a 37-year-old pregnant woman who underwent a cesarean section due to cholestasis of pregnancy, resulting in a baby with a severely ischemic leg. It mentions despite delays in intervention and multiple consultations, the baby ultimately lost her leg due to a thrombus in the iliac and femoral arteries, leading to legal action against the neonatologists involved.

The article discusses the use of modern technology, such as ultrasound and cardiotocography, to gain insights into fetal behavior and movement. Topics include the significance of maternal perception of reduced fetal movement (RFM) as a potential indicator of stillbirth risk, the need for improved management strategies, challenges and recommendations related to monitoring fetal movements and addressing deficiencies in prenatal care delivery.

The article presents a case study involving an 18-year-old primigravida with a history of prenatal cocaine use who presented with preterm labor and unknown Group B Streptococcus (GBS) status. It is reported that the infant initially appeared stable but later developed increased work of breathing and elevated heart rates. It further emphasizes the importance of recognizing and evaluating clinical signs in neonates, especially when the presentation is nonspecific.

The article focuses on the "30-minute rule" in obstetrics, which refers to the interval between the decision to perform a cesarean delivery and the start of the incision. Topics discussed include the case of two patients cared for by a single obstetrician; the debate surrounding the rule's medical relevance and its use in legal cases; and the potential risks and benefits of rapid delivery for both mothers and newborns.

The article discusses a case where parents opted not to pursue further surgical treatment for their child's severe congenital heart disease, leading to disagreement among healthcare professionals and a nurse threatening legal action. Topics include parental decision-making in complex medical situations, healthcare provider autonomy, and the role of bioethics committees in resolving conflicts.

The article focuses on a case of spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) in a preterm infant born to a mother with a history of cocaine use and placental abruption. Topics discussed include the pathophysiology, incidence, presentation, radiologic imaging, management, and differential diagnosis of SIP. On day of life 15, a surgical consult was obtained, and a cross-table lateral view revealed a pneumoperitoneum, leading to the diagnosis of SIP.

The article focuses on malpractice litigation involving perinatal injury to the child and the importance of expert witnesses. It discusses the qualifications of an expert witness, the Frye and Daubert Standards, and the role of judges as "gatekeepers" in the admissibility of evidence and acceptance of opinions of an expert witness.

A case study of a 3541-gram appropriate-for-gestational age 38 5/7 week gestation male is delivered to a 22-year-old gravida 2 para 2 Hispanic mother via vaginal delivery with vacuum assist is presented. Topics include examines the prenatal course was unremarkable and considered the birthweight was 3541 grams, and the physical examination was unremarkable.

The article presents a case study of a 31-year-old women with medical history, which included a Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) procedure on her cervix and hyperemesis gravidarum has delivered through vacuum-assisted delivery (VAD) that resulted in neonatal neurological injury. Although VAD is considered safe and effective, neonatal injuries associated with its use are sometimes the subject of medico-legal allegations of fetal injury during labor.

The article explores a legal case which examined whether a six-week old infant with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) should be admitted to a pediatric ward. Topics discussed include brief background of the patient, allegations of plaintiff in the case, and acute respiratory illnesses caused by RSV in children.

A case study of 26 year old G5 P2 with a known sickle cell trait with known Diamniotic, dichorionic twins is presented. Topics include examines she has a normal prenatal course with appropriate growth of both twins, who are about the same estimated weight and she is induced at 36+ wks EGA because of atypical preeclampsia.

The article informs about a court case in which the defendant Obstetrician diagnosed an intrauterine fetal demise at full term severe and chronic hypoxicischemic encephalopathy with an adverse long-term outcome. Topics include baby was born alive and developed a severe and chronic hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with an adverse long-term outcome; and infant was transferred by ambulance under direct supervision and monitoring by the Neonatologist and Transport Nurse.

The article presents a case study of 26-year-old G5P1 Ab3 presented at 35 weeks gestation with rupture of membranes and contractions. Her childhood was spent in foster care, where she was sexually abused. Her medical history included bipolar disorder, hepatitis C, and chlamydia. She had Group B streptococcal urinary tract infections during this pregnancy.

The article presents a case study of a 27-year-old prim gravida patient presented at 34 weeks gestation for routine prenatal check complaining of a decreased fetal movement. Her prenatal course had been unremarkable until 34 weeks, at which point ultrasound evaluation revealed mild fetal hydrops and an obvious atrial flutter with a ventricular rate above 200 bpm. The patient was sent immediately to the hospital, where a cesarean section was performed.

A case study of 29-year-old pregnant woman is presented as G4P3 developed vaginal bleeding and preterm labor and gave birth to an extremely premature male baby. Topics include considered the mother was unsure of her dates, but at 18 weeks gestation, ultrasound dating placed the pregnancy at 24 5/7 weeks gestation at the time of birth.

The article discusses deficiencies of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) and other indicators of intrapartum injury. Topics discussed include variability in the interpretation of Fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns and the responses, three-tiered classification of FHR patterns (Categories I, II, and III) and understanding of fetal-maternal physiology, and causes and prevention of cerebral palsy.

The article presents a case study of a 28-year-old G3P1 patient with intact membranes. Topics include receiving an evaluation for sepsis including a lumbar puncture and two days of antibiotics; and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being consistent with an acute hypoxic-ischemic injury with abnormal signals in the deep gray matter.

The article presents a case study of a 27-year-old primigravida with periodic ultrasound examinations being consistent with normal growth, head size, and amniotic fluid volume. Topics include cesarean section being abandoned for awaiting progress in labor with plans for starting oxytocin drip irrespective of the frequent contractions; and hypoglycemia and seizures with evidence of acute injury to the liver, the kidneys, and the brain.

A case study of a 34-year-old G3P1 admitted at 34 5/7 with mild vaginal bleeding and regular uterine contractions except for a positive Group B Streptococcus culture with a fetal ultrasound showed an anterior low-lying placenta. Topics include emergency cesarean section was performed because of persistent vaginal bleeding; and the placenta was incised with the immediate onset of profuse bleeding.

A case study of a 40 years old patient with G3 P1 Caucasian, married with a reliable menstrual history confirmed by ultrasound at the outset of pregnancy. Topics include complains of uterine contractions (UC's) and pain at the site of the cesarean section scar; and doses of Celestone and is scheduled for elective repeat cesarean section is catheterized and treated for urinary tract infection (UTI) with the resolution of the pain.

The article presents a case study of a 28-year-old man with a history of preexisting hypertension. Topics include developing altered mentation, generalized edema, and severely elevated systolic and diastolic BPs; and bilateral chest tubes again placed with egress of a large volume of fluid consistent with parenteral nutrition.

The article presents a case study of a 27-year-old primigravida patient with vaginal spotting, back pain, and contractions. Topics include association with misoprostol, oxytocin, excessive uterine activity, and epidural anesthesia; and placed in the left lateral position for pushing and giving multiple fluid boluses containing glucose.

Information concerning the adverse effects of cocaine on the human fetus is mounting. Cocaine passes from the mother through the placenta to the fetus. Fetuses exposed to cocaine during pregnancy have an increased risk for growth retardation, congenital malformations, blood clots and hemorrhages within the brain, and neurological and behavioral abnormalities. Cocaine prevents the re-uptake of neurotransmitter chemicals, called catecholamines, at nerve endings. Catecholamines produce a variety of physiological changes which can alter blood flow. To determine whether cocaine affects blood flow in the brain, cerebral blood flow velocity was studied among 20 full-term infants exposed to cocaine during pregnancy and 20 nonexposed infants. During the first two days of life, there was an increase in blood pressure and blood flow velocity in the brains of the cocaine-exposed infants. After two days, both groups had similar cerebral blood flows. Cocaine can be detected in the urine of newborns up to 96 hours after birth. Since only two infants had low birth weights (a known risk factor for altered cerebral blood flow), the decreased blood flow must be the result of cocaine exposure. These changes in the force and flow of blood through the brain may increase the risk of cerebral hemorrhage in infants exposed to cocaine. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)