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Purpose Colonoscopic surveillance is recommended for individuals with familial colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the appropriate screening interval has not yet been determined. The aim of this randomized trial was to compare a 3-year with a 6-year screening interval. Patients and Methods Individuals between ages 45 and 65 years with one first-degree relative with CRC age < 50 years or two first-degree relatives with CRC were selected. Patients with zero to two adenomas at baseline were randomly assigned to one of two groups: group A (colonoscopy at 6 years) or group B (colonoscopy at 3 and 6 years). The primary outcome measure was advanced adenomatous polyps (AAPs). Risk factors studied included sex, age, type of family history, and baseline endoscopic findings. Results A total of 528 patients were randomly assigned (group A, n = 262; group B, n = 266). Intention-to-treat analysis showed no significant difference in the proportion of patients with AAPs at the first follow-up examination at 6 years in group A (6.9%) versus 3 years in group B (3.5%). Also, the proportion of patients with AAPs at the final follow-up examination at 6 years in group A (6.9%) versus 6 years in group B (3.4%) was not significantly different. Only AAPs at baseline was a significant predictor for the presence of AAPs at first follow-up. After correction for the difference in AAPs at baseline, differences between the groups in the rate of AAPs at first follow-up and at the final examination were statistically significant. Conclusion In view of the relatively low rate of AAPs at 6 years and the absence of CRC in group A, we consider a 6-year surveillance interval appropriate. A surveillance interval of 3 years might be considered in patients with AAPs and patients with ≥ three adenomas.

Lynch syndrome (LS), one of the most frequent forms of hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC), is caused by a defect in one of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Carriers of MMR defects have a strongly increased risk of developing CRC and endometrial cancer. Over the last few years, value-based healthcare has been introduced as an approach to the cost-effective delivery of measurable patient value over complete cycles of care. This requires all involved stakeholders to formulate and validate ‘patient value’ for Lynch syndrome, as well as to identify targets and associated costs. The aim of this study was to develop a value-based care model for Lynch syndrome that can determine patient value and associated costs, and to design a coordinated care pathway from existing guidelines. All specialists in our hospital involved in the management of LS patients evaluated the care delivered to these patients at their department and formulated outcome measures relevant to patient value. Patients were then invited to complete a questionnaire that assessed the importance of these measures on a scale of 1–10. Six high-value outcomes were identified: (1) prevention of cancer or detection of early stage cancer (2) rapid results from MMR gene mutation testing (3) rapid investigation of the colon and uterus (4) no/little pain during colonoscopy and gynaecologic examination/biopsy (5) the offer of psychological help and (6) registration with the Dutch Lynch syndrome registry. A total of 38 (59 %) out of 62 patients completed the questionnaire. The relevance of all outcomes was confirmed by the patients and mean scores varied from 7.2 to 9.9. Patients underscored the relevance of both proper patient education and the efficiency of surveillance during their care cycle. Value-based care delivery for Lynch syndrome includes the implementation of six parameters related to prevention and early detection of cancer, a short cycle time and registration to ensure continuation of care. Estimated costs are € 3320 for the first cycle of care (€ 3550 including gynaecologic surveillance) and approximately 720 per subsequent annual cycle (€ 950 including gynaecologic surveillance).Keywords: Lynch syndrome, Colorectal cancer, Endometrial cancer, Prevention, Value-based health care, Patient value, Outcome measures, Lynch syndrome registry

Objectives: In 2014, a population-screening program using immuno-faecal occult blood testing (I-FOBT) has started in the Netherlands. The aims of this study were to evaluate the proportion of individuals in the Dutch screening program with a positive I-FOBT that fulfill the criteria for familial colorectal cancer (FCC) and to evaluate the proportion of participants that needs genetic counseling or colonoscopic surveillance.Material and methods: This retrospective observational study was performed in two large hospitals. Individuals aged between 55 and 75 years with a positive I-FOBT that underwent colonoscopy were included. A detailed family history was obtained in all individuals.Results: A total of 657 individuals with a positive I-FOBT test underwent colonoscopy. A total of 120 (18.3%) participants were found to have a positive family history for CRC, 20 (3.0%) fulfilled the FCC criteria, 4 (0.6%) the Bethesda guidelines and 1 (0.2%) participant the Amsterdam criteria. Multiple adenomas (>10) were found in 21 (3.2%) participants. No cases of serrated polyposis were identified. Based on these criteria and guidelines, a total of 35 (5.3%) required referral to the clinical geneticist and the relatives of 20 (3.0%) participants should be referred for surveillance colonoscopy.Conclusion: Obtaining a detailed family history at the time of intake of participants with a positive I-FOBT in the Dutch surveillance program increased the identification of participants with familial CRC.

Fat is an important macronutrient with a high caloric density. Therefore, considerable interest exists in how fat exerts an effect on satiety and food intake, and how this effect can be increased. Here, we will discuss how digestion of fat leads to fatty acid sensing by oral and intestinal receptors, which in turn influences satiety and food intake. A number of strategies that have been developed to increase the satiating effect of fat will be discussed. A better understanding of the precise mechanisms of fatty acid sensing will assist in the development of effective ligands that maximize the satiating effect of dietary fats.