Search

Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease that is associated with inflammatory changes, reduced salivary flow, and altered saliva composition. The effects of medications and injuries to the salivary ducts can contribute to the increased salivary viscosity with serious consequences for the teeth and soft tissues. The remineralization capacity of saliva is based on its ability to provide the necessary minerals, maintain a favorable pH balance, and support the natural mechanisms implied in the repair processes of the tooth structure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of salivary pathology in Sjögren’s Syndrome, and the correlations on certain cariogenic risk parameters. Materials and method: The study was conducted on 30 patients: Study group (15 patients) with primary Sjögren’s Syndrome; Control group (15 patients) – without associated general pathology. The evaluation focused on the analysis of DMFT and the following salivary parameters: resting salivary flow (RSF), stimulated salivary flow (SSF), buffering capacity (BC), saliva viscosity (SV), and the index of salivary microcrystallization (IMK). The evaluated results demonstrate that the effects of Sjögren’s syndrome on the selected indicators (DMFT, RFR, RFS, CT, SV, IMK) are significantly different compared to the control group, indicating the Sjögren syndrome’s impact on the dental and salivary status of affected patients. Conclusions: There is a correlation between dental caries, saliva, and Sjögren’s syndrome. Reduced saliva production in Sjögren’s syndrome can lead to xerostomia-associated phenomena, disturb the balance between demineralization and remineralization processes, and may contribute to an increased risk of caries.

We have lately noticed an increase of illegal drug consumption among young people. This phenomenon is associated to acute and chronic health problems worsened by diverse factors such as the properties of substances, the way of administration, the vulnerability of the individual and the social context in which drugs are used. Drugs affect general health by causing psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular and neurological diseases and, in the case of high quantities, even coma and death. These substances inevitably have effects on the oral cavity from rampant caries, severe xerostomia to periodontal disease, perforation of the nasal septum and palate, and to leukoplakia and oral cancer. From the viewpoint of dental treatment, we must envisage an interdisciplinary approach with the psychiatrist, psychologist and internist. The quality of life of these individuals is impaired due to the impact of these substances not only on their health but also on the psychological side through the appearance of emotional, mental and social disorders represented by marginalization and the lack of integration into society. Among the illicit drugs, alcohol and marijuana are less damaging for health as compared to cocaine and crack cocaine which may result in serious and sometimes lethal diseases.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a 2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution on the glass-ionomer cement (GIC) – dentin interface subjected to a simulated cariogenic attack. Forty extracted teeth were used in the study. On each proximal surface a box-only cavity was prepared. Each cavity was initially conditioned using GC Dentin Conditioner (GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan), then the distal cavities were pre-treated with a 2% Chlorhexidine solution. All the cavities were then restored using GIC GC Fuji IX GP Capsule (GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Half of the samples (n=40) were submersed in a lactic acid-based solution to simulate the cariogenic attack. The samples were then sectioned and the marginal sealing at the cervical margin was assessed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Statistically significant differences were recorded when comparing the samples submersed in demineralizing solution with or without chlorhexidine pre-treatment vs. samples that were not pre-treated and not submersed in acid with significance levels of p=0.044 and p=0.021. In conclusion, the use of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate in dentin pre-treatment do not significantly influence the marginal sealing of glass-ionomer cements to dentin. Seven days of submersion in a lactic acid-based demineralizing solution influences the marginal adaptation of glass ionomer cements to dentin with or without 2% chlorhexidine digluconate pre-treatment.

Tobacco smoke contains a variety of harmful chemicals such as tar, benzopyrene, formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide. These substances can affect both the quality and quantity of saliva, thus disrupting remineralization processes. Smoking can have a significant impact on the inorganic component of saliva and, consequently, can affect its viscosity and degree of mineralization.The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of smoking and the correlations of some cariogenic risk parameters such as DMFT Index, resting and stimulated salivary flow rate, salivary pH and buffer capacity and micro-crystallization index in smokers using classic and electronic cigarettes. Material and method:The study was performed on 50 patients from the Clinical Base of the Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Iași, Romania with a medium number of carious lesions and a medium carious risk. The patients aged between 19 and 35 years, were divided into five groups (n=10): I – non-smokers, II – light smokers (1-10 classic cigarettes/day), III – moderate smokers (10-20 classic cigarettes/day), IV – high consumption (over 20 classic cigarettes/day) and V – electronic cigarette smokers. Results showed that the DMFT index values were very low in non-smokers while the highest values were reached by the electronic cigarettes users. Regarding the resting and stimulated salivary flow rate, the values decreased significantly in classic cigarettes medium and high consumers and in electronic cigarettes users when compared to non-smokers. When analyzing the pH and buffer capacity values it can be observed that smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day or the use electronic cigarettes can significantly reduce the values. The micro-crystallization index is also reduced in electronic cigarettes smokers or in medium or high classic cigarettes consumers. Conclusions: Consumption of more than 10 classic cigarettes per day or electronic cigarette affects the resting and stimulated salivary flow rate, the salivary pH value, the buffer capacity and the micro-crystallization index. E-cigarette users or smokers of more than 20 cigarettes per day are associated with an increased number of decayed, missing or filled teeth.

Young adults represent the age group with the highest ability to understand the need of maintaining good oral health and the highest chance to adopt correct oral hygiene behaviors. Great attention should also be paid to risk factors for oral conditions, especially sugary aliments intake, which creates a suitable environment for developing dental caries. Young adults should be aware about the importance of reducing the frequency of consumption of these aliments. Smoking has negative effects on both general and oral health. It creates and maintains conditions favorable for developing oral diseases. Quitting smoking should be seen as an important recommendation, to ensure good oral health and quality of life. The impairment of oral health is strongly connected with quality of life. To quantify the impact of oral health on quality of life, the OHIP-14 questionnaire is widely used. Regarding the severity of the impact oral conditions have on quality of life, the most accused domains by subjects are physical pain, psychological discomfort and psychological disability. Oral health is directly influenced by caries experience, OHRQoL being lower as the caries prevalence is higher. To quantify the prevalence of dental caries, the DMFT index is one of the most used indicators. It evaluates, on one hand, the caries experience, and on the other hand, the exact number of decayed, missing and filled teeth. OHRQoL is a mandatory toll that helps understand the impact of oral conditions on general health. Both the OHIP-14 questionnaire and the DMFT index, are a real help to quantify the connection between oral conditions, most common of them being dental caries, and their negative effects on general health and on quality of life.

Aim of the study Since a century ago, xylitol, a white, crystalline carbohydrate, has been known as a naturally occurring five-carbon sugar polyol. Its impact on dental caries has been extensively researched during the previous forty years. It can be derived from plant materials rich in xylan, like the wood of birch and beech trees, and is naturally present in fruits, vegetables, and berries. The amount of MS in dental plaque and saliva is reduced because xylitol interferes with the energy-producing processes of Mutans Streptococci (MS), causing their death. It also reduces the adhesion of these microorganisms to the surface of teeth and, as a result, decreases their acid-producing potential. Conclusions Despite all the information available on xylitol, further study is still required to fully understand its mechanisms of action, the clinical implications of xylitol resistance, and how it affects Streptococcus Mutans and the plaque-saliva complex. Properly planned randomised controlled clinical trials must be conducted in conjunction with research to show that xylitol prevention is feasible in a variety of groups with various dietary and dental hygiene practices. It is also necessary to thoroughly confirm the best delivery methods for xylitol and the degree to which it can be “diluted” with other polyols without losing its ability to prevent dental caries. It is necessary to calibrate the minimal daily dose and frequency required for xylitol’s effects on MS, dental plaque, and caries.

Aim. To determine factors influencing esthetic, functional and biologic criteria related to the status of the direct nanohybrid composite-based restorations. Materials and methods. The study group consisted of 45 patients (mean age: 24.88 ± 6.709 yr; gender: 24 males, 21 females) with dental caries in posterior dental group that were treated in Clinical Base of Faculty of Dental Medicine, U.M.F. Grigore T.Popa Iasi (Romania). The status of 241 direct nanohybrid composite-based restorations was analyzed by using FDI indices. Risk factors for unacceptable FDI scores (4-5) of nanohybrid composite-based direct occlusal and occlusal-proximal restorations were determined by using Pearson Chi-squared test and multivariate analysis. Results. 71,1% from all posterior composite resin restorations received scores FDI 1-3. Esthetic FDI scores 1-3 were recorded for 73,4% of all restorations, functional FDI scores 1-3 for 79,3% of all restorations, and biological FDI scores 1-3 for 86,25% of all restorations. Class II restorations had a 2.880 times higher risk of receiving FDI scores of 4-5 when compared to class I restorations, and composite restorations with an age of 3-5 years had a 2.081 times higher risk of receiving FDI scores of 4-5 when compared to restorations with an age of 1-2 years. Conclusions: Class II and age of restorations between 3-5 years are statistically significant predictors of unsatisfactory or unacceptable FDI scores for posterior composite resin restorations. Overall, high cariogenic risk is a risk factor for unsatisfactory or unacceptable FDI scores. Gender, class II, and restorations with age between 3-5 years are statistically significant predictors of unsatisfactory or unacceptable FDI esthetic scores. High cariogenic risk patients, class II, and restorations with age between 3-5 years are statistically significant predictors of unsatisfactory or unacceptable FDI functional scores. Class II and age of restorations between 3-5 years are statistically significant predictors of unsatisfactory or unacceptable FDI biological scores.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of resident dentists and new graduates regarding the etiology, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of the main medical emergency conditions. The study included a sample of 152 new graduates and residents in the first, second, and third year of training in Prosthodontics and General Dentistry from the Faculty of Dental Medicine in Iasi, Romania. Their level of knowledge and the attitudes were assessed using a questionnaire with 24 questions, divided into four sections. The differences among groups were identified using the chi-square test (p < 0.05). A high level of knowledge was found among the three groups of subjects for the questions regarding the recognition of clinical signs in hypoglycemic crisis (88–100%), in anaphylactic shock (83.3–94.5%), and the treatment of angina pectoris (76.2–84.2%). In contrast, a low level of knowledge was found for the questions regarding pulse evaluation in the case of an emergency (26.3–35.7%), the parameters of normal breathing (28.9–43%), and the treatment of hypoglycemic crisis (27.8–44.8%). The study indicated that the dentists had a moderate understanding of dental office medical emergencies and preferred practical training over theoretical courses.

The instruments that evaluate the health-related quality of life are extremely useful in the medical practice and research since they allow the full approach of patient’s general status. They come in the shape of questionnaires whose usage may be carried out either by creating one’s own questionnaire or by translating one from the literature. Regardless of the chosen method, the questionnaire must meet a series of characteristics that may make it easy to understand and use. In the field of dentistry, indicators falling into several categories have been validated: some of them address the population groups of different ages; others address the evaluation of therapeutic needs while others appreciate the impact determined by the specific oral disorders. Out of the multitude of indicators that may be found in the literature, those that are frequently used in population studies stand out due to their superior psychometric characteristics, limited scales and easy codification possibilities. A special category is represented by the indicators for the assessment of oncologic patient’s life quality, and instruments that explore the diverse facets of this disorder are validated such as post-irradiation sequels, complications of the surgical treatment, and the impact on the general health state. Another utility of these instruments refer to the possibility of identification of the oral disorders and the therapeutic needs in persons that cannot come to the dental office, such as the disabled and the institutionalized elderly.

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the quality of marginal sealing at the cervical margins of indirect and direct composite resin restorations in mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities. Material and method: MOD preparations were performed on 30 extracted teeth. The mesial cervical margin of each tooth was relocated using a flow composite resin (Enamel Plus HRi Flow, Micerium, Avegno, GE, Italy), then the samples were divided into three groups. In group A, the cavities were directly restored using a nanohybrid composite resin (Miris 2 Coltène Whaledent, Altstaetten, Switzerland) and a universal adhesive (ScotchBond Universal, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) by the etch-and-rinse strategy, for group B, the restoration procedure was similar but the self-etch strategy was used, and the samples in group C were filled using the inlay technique. Each sample was stored for 48 h in a 2% methylene blue solution, then it was cut in a mesio-distal direction using a Struers Secotom 50 device (Cleveland, OH, USA). The marginal sealing and adhesive interface were assessed for each sample at the cervical margin by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Significant differences were recorded within groups A and C, between mesial and distal margins (p = 0.02 in group A and p = 0.043 in group C). Conclusions: The marginal sealing is more effective in MOD inlay restoration compared to direct restorations. Relocation of the cervical margin with flow composite resin and the use of different adhesive strategies do not improve the marginal sealing.

Dental anxiety is a phrase used to describe the fear or stress determined by dental treatments. This narrative review aims to highlight some epidemiologic aspects of the phenomenon while searching medical databases for researches relating to the topic of dental anxiety in adolescents. Adolescence represents a period of transition illustrated by changes both at physical level and behavior and personality levels. Anxiety disorders are frequent at this age and they may affect school performance, the relationships with one’s family and friends. Dental anxiety is associated with certain trigger factors such as needles or sometimes the simple sight of the dental instruments. Although most patients have a low level of dental anxiety, literature mentions the percentage of 11% for the prevalence of severe dental anxiety and 90% for low anxiety. Most studies show that the female patients are more anxious than the male patients. Among the dental procedures, the ones involving oral surgery, including tooth extraction and local anesthesia, remain the most incriminated trigger factors. This paper also presents the most known questionnaires used in current practice that help the dentist identify anxious patients as well as the etiology of this phenomenon.

There are two main methods used for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) treatment: dentinal tubule occlusion and blockage of nerve activity. Dentifrices are the most common vehicles for active ingredients used for DH treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three toothpastes on dentinal tubule occlusion, mineral acquisition, and dentin hardness. Forty human dentin disks were submerged in 40% citric acid for 30 s and then exposed to tooth brushing for 2 min twice a day for 14 days using three toothpastes: Dontodent Sensitive (group 1), Dr. Wolff’s Biorepair (group 2), and Sensodyne Repair and Protect (group 3). In the control group (group 4), the samples were brushed with water. All of the samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Vickers dentin hardness determination. On SEM images, the degree of dentinal tubule occlusion was assessed using a five-grade scale. The mean score values in groups 1–4 were 3.60 ± 0.69, 2.20 ± 0.91, 2.30 ± 1.16, and 5.00 ± 0.00, significantly higher in study groups when compared to the control group (Kruskal Wallis test p < 0.05). EDX evaluation showed significantly higher calcium and phosphorus concentrations in groups 1 and 3 when compared to control group d. The mean values of Vickers dentin hardness numbers in groups 1–4 were 243.03 ± 10.014, 327.38 ± 56.65, 260.29 ± 37.69, and 225.83 ± 29.93, respectively. No statistically significant results were obtained when comparing the hardness mean values in groups (Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, p = 0.372 > 0.05). All three toothpastes tested demonstrated significant occlusion of dentinal tubules. Dontodent Sensitive and Sensodyne Repair and Protect toothpastes enhanced the calcium and phosphorus content of the dentin surface. None of the toothpastes increased dentin hardness as a result of mineral acquisition.

Graphene, as a promising material, holds the potential to significantly enhance the field of dental practices. Incorporating graphene into dental materials imparts enhanced strength and durability, while graphene-based nanocomposites offer the prospect of innovative solutions such as antimicrobial dental implants or scaffolds. Ongoing research into graphene-based dental adhesives and composites also suggests their capacity to improve the quality and reliability of dental restorations. This narrative review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the application of graphene derivatives in the dental domain, with a particular focus on their application in prosthodontics and periodontics. It is important to acknowledge that further research and development are imperative to fully explore the potential of graphene and ensure its safe use in dental practices.

The aim of the study was to evaluate if there are significantly differences in immediate marginal adaptation of a self-adhesive flowable composite resin used in association with a universal bonding agent and to compare the sealing ability to a conventional flowable composite resin. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of eighteen molars and bicusps. The cavities were restore using a self-adhesive flowable composite resin (Vertise™ Flow, Kerr Dental), a conventional flowable composite resin (Neo Spectra™ ST Flow, Dentsply Sirona), and a universal adhesive system (Prime and Bond Active, Dentsply Sirona) applied in etch and rinse or self etch strategy. The teeeth were submersed in distilled water for 24 hours, then in 2% methilen blue solution for 24 hours. Buccal-lingual sections were obtained by cutting the teeth and were evaluated using an optic microscope. The microleakage at gingival and occlusal margins was assessed by dye penetration according to a 4 grade scale. There was no significantly different microleakage when using Vertise™ Flow in association with the universal bonding agent or without it. The use of Vertise™ Flow self-adhesive composite resin determined similar enamel and dentin microleakage, irrespective the use of a bonding system or the strategy of bonding application. Conventional flowable resin Neo Spectra™ ST used in association with the bonding agent lead to a significantly higher microleakage when comparing to self-adhesive composite resin Vertise™ Flow used in the same conditions.The association of a bonding agent applied in etch and rinse or self etch strategy and the conventional flowable resin Neo Spectra™ ST significantly decreases enamel and dentin microleakage.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is now considered as an efficient, non-invasive material that can be used in prevention and arresting of dental caries. Potassium iodide (KI) is used to reduce the dental staining produced by SDF. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of SDF+KI application on demineralized dentin immediately after application and 3 days after a simulated caries attack. Materials and methods. Demineralized dentin specimens were treated by applying SDF-KI. Half of the specimens were stored in lactate buffer solution for 3 days. The specimens were subsequently analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results. SEM evaluation of SDF+KI treated specimens showed a thin continuous layer of material covering the dentin surface. The EDS analysis showed decreasing percentages of silver and iodine, concurrent with the increase of calcium and phosphate concentrations from the external surface towards the inner dentin. The specimens subjected to the acidic challenge after SDF+KI application showed the same pattern of element distribution. Conclusions. The application of SDF-KI on demineralized dentin resulted in the formation of an external layer containing high percentages of silver and iodine. The silver-rich layer was resistant to acidic challenge and effective in protecting the subjacent dentin from further demineralization.

The hybrid layer is the key for bonding between composite resins and mineralized dental tissues. Bonding to dentin is problematic because of the morphological complexity, high content of water and organic components, and lack of compatibility with hydrophobic monomers. Moreover, the stability of the hybrid layer is challenged over time by degradation phenomena that affects both components of the hybrid layer: the dentin organic matrix and the adhesive resin. Both degradation phenomena are the result of hydrolysis mechanisms involving the residual water preserved in the hybrid layer. The main problem continues to be the dentin collagen degradation determined by host-derived metal proteinases. Various strategies have been proposed to improve the bond stability at dentin-composite resin interface, which aim either to increase the resistance of demineralized dentin and resin to degradation or to decrease the residual water within the hybrid layer. Further studies should aim to identify the most effective combination adhesive – metalloproteinase inhibitor and the most suitable strategy for improved dentin hybridization and stability of the hybrid layer.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity and surface hardness of a light-activated microhybrid composite resin modified with green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs were synthesized using an Equisetum sylvaticum extract and characterized through different methods such as UV-Vis, EDX, and FTIR. The obtained AgNPs were mixed with a microhybrid composite resin (Herculite XRV, Kerr Corp., Orange, CA, USA) in different concentrations: 0% (group A-control); 0.5% (group B); 1% (group C); and 1.5% (group D). A total of 120 composite resin disk-shaped samples were obtained and divided into 4 groups (n = 30) according to AgNP concentration. Each group was then divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup 1—samples were not soaked in 0.01 M NaOH solution; and subgroup 2—samples were soaked in 0.01 M NaOH solution. The antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans was determined using a direct contact test. A digital electronic hardness tester was used to determine the composite resin’s Vickers surface hardness (VH). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric tests with a confidence level of 95%. Groups C and D showed higher antibacterial activity against S. mutans when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were recorded between VH values (p > 0.05). The use of AgNPs synthesized from Equisetum sylvaticum as a composite resin filler in 1% wt. and 1.5% wt. reduced the activity of Streptococcus mutans. Soaking of the experimental composite resin decreased the antibacterial efficacy. The loading of a microhybrid composite resin with AgNPs in concentrations of 0.5% wt., 1% wt., and 1.5% wt. did not influence the surface hardness.

Atherogenic dyslipidemia plays a critical role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), being one of its major components, along with central obesity, insulin resistance, and hypertension. In recent years, the development of molecular genetics techniques and extended analysis at the genome or exome level has led to important progress in the identification of genetic factors (heritability) involved in lipid metabolism disorders associated with MetS. In this review, we have proposed to present the current knowledge related to the genetic etiology of atherogenic dyslipidemia, but also possible challenges for future studies. Data from the literature provided by candidate gene-based association studies or extended studies, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and whole exome sequencing (WES,) have revealed that atherogenic dyslipidemia presents a marked genetic heterogeneity (monogenic or complex, multifactorial). Despite sustained efforts, many of the genetic factors still remain unidentified (missing heritability). In the future, the identification of new genes and the molecular mechanisms by which they intervene in lipid disorders will allow the development of innovative therapies that act on specific targets. In addition, the use of polygenic risk scores (PRS) or specific biomarkers to identify individuals at increased risk of atherogenic dyslipidemia and/or other components of MetS will allow effective preventive measures and personalized therapy.

Dentists play an essential role in the treatment of dental and periodontal traumatic injuries by providing early and correct treatment. The purpose of the present study was to assess the level of knowledge of dental residents regarding dental trauma. The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Dental Medicine within the “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Iasi, Romania on a sample of 366 residents in General Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry and Periodontology. To assess their knowledge, a questionnaire was created containing 18 questions about the clinical signs and therapy of dental trauma, with a focus on tooth avulsion. A very low level of knowledge (

Toothpaste formulas have evolved over time. Today they contain about 20 ingredients. Toothpastes normally contain: active ingredients, abrasives, surfactants, gelling agents, buffers, flavors and sweeteners, dyes and preservatives, water, moisturizers. Among these ingredients are compounds that fight and prevent the appearance of carious lesions, gingival diseases, halitosis, calculus, dental erosions, staining and dentinal hypersensitivity. Herbal toothpastes, which contain natural antibacterial agents, are a good alternative to reduce the risk of oral conditions in both children and adults.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of some characteristic of the light curing unit (polymeriyation mode and the distance between light curing tip to the surface of composite resin) on the efficiency of SDR® Plus bulk fill flowable base composite. U (universal), A2, and A3 shades was used in the study. Fiftyfive samples from each shade were prepared by injection the flowable resin in cylindrical plastic molds with the intern diameter of 5 mm. Three types of plastic molds according to their hight were used: 6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm. The tip of the light curing unit was placed on top of the mold and composite resin was light cure for 20 seconds for U shade and 40 seconds for A2 and A3 shades. Top and bottom surface Vickers hardness was determined using a digital microhardness. The hardness ratio of each specimen was also calculated Polymerization efficiency of SRD® Plus bulk-fill flowable base composite resin was not affected by the distance from the light sourse to the surface of the material and the light curing mode. Staggared polymerization mode of the light curing unit determines slightly low values of surface hardness when comparing to inclined and normal polymerization modes. Darker shades of bulf fill flowable base composite resin seems to present decreased surface hardness when comparing to ligther shades irrespective the distance from the light curing unit to the material surface and the mode of polymerization.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate, based on a DHEQ questionnaire, the quality of life of a group of 25 students, 12 men and 13 women, from the Faculty of Dentistry, U.M.F. “Grigore T.Popa” Iasi (Romania) suffering from dentinal hypersensitivity. Materials and method. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to age: 20-25; 26-30; 31-35 and 36-40 years. The questionnaire included 15 questions, each with scores from 1 to 7 according to Likert scale. The data were analysed using Excel. Results. High scores values ​​ (5-7) on each question in the questionnaire (> 50% of the respondents) were obtained in 10 of the 15 questions, 84% of the people giving high scores to question no. 3; 80% to question 12; and 76% to questions 4,5,6,7,8. The lowest percentage (40%) of people who gave scores between 5-7 were for questions 9, 10, 13.15. Conclusions. As dental hypersensitivity is increasingly common in young people, we believe that the questionnaire method can be a means of quickly and completely assessing this condition. This method can help the dentist together with the clinical and paraclinical examination in making a correct diagnosis and developing an appropriate treatment plan. At the same time, with this quick method, the patient can become aware that the symptoms cannot be neglected and he must address to the dentist for diagnosis and treatment.

Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to validate and implement the Romanian version of DHEQ-15. Material and methods: A total of 132 questionnaires DHEQ-15 were distributed among senior dental students (6th year of study). The DHEQ-15 consists of 15 items with coded responses on 7-point Likert scales. The form was translated into Romanian using the forward-backward process. The standard descriptive methods were applied to determine the characteristics of the sample. Results: The response rate of the self-administered questionnaire was 87.87%. A total of 74 students (63.8%) declared that had experienced DH in the last month and 58% of them disagreed that this condition had a negative impact on their lives. The average total score recorded was 46.16 ± 19.680. Conclusions: This is the first study that validates the Romanian version of DHEQ-15. The findings of this research indicate that senior dental students do not consider that DH has a negative impact on their quality of life.

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the protective effect of applying potassium iodide (KI) over silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on demineralized root dentin in the case of a sustained acidogenic attack. Methods: Forty caries-free third molars were used in the study. A diamond disc was used to separate the roots and the tooth crowns from the roots. Each root fragment was randomly distributed in one of the four study groups: C—samples were not demineralized; DD—demineralized samples; RS1—demineralized samples covered with SDF+KI (RS-Riva Star product, SDI limited, Bayswater, Australia); RS2—demineralized samples covered with SDF+KI and submersed to another acidic challenge for 3 days. SEM and EDX were used for the morphological and elemental analysis. Vickers hardness assessment was performed using a tribometer CETR UMT-2 (Bruker Corporation, Berlin, Germany). One-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests were used for the statistical analysis with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Morphological and elemental changes were observed on the surface of the study samples. Significant differences were observed between the recorded hardness values of groups C and DD (p = 0.005), C and RS2 (p = 0.002), DD and RS1 (p = 0.011); RS1 and RS2 (p = 0.004). Conclusions: The application of SDF and KI (Riva Star product) on root dentin caries resulted in the formation of a heterogeneous outer layer that sealed the dentin and increased the microhardness of the treated surface. In the conditions of the present study, this layer did not provide enough protection for root dentin exposed to continuous attacks.

The traditional view, that consider the carious disease as an infectious disease where the therapeutic strategy requires the removal of bacteria and affected tissues, is no longer valid today. Alternative therapies involving the control of causative factors (carbohydrate restrictions, biofilm removal) or to rebalance de- and remineralization processes (fluoride and other remineralization strategies or sealing placement) have become the cornerstone of “the tooth decay management”. These new therapies allow “the inactivation / control of the caries process, preservation of dental hard tissues, avoidance of repetitive restorative cycle, and maintenance of the tooth throughout the patient’s life “. Today we have techniques for the selective removal of decayed the carious tissues that maintain a minimal area of soft or firm dentin near to the pulp and create a sealing area on the periphery in which healthy dentin and enamel on the walls and borders of the cavity provide an effective substrate for bio-adhesive restorations.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the composite resin-tooth interface when using a universal adhesive applied in different etching strategies. Materials and method: 20 class V cavities were prepared in extracted teeth and restored with a composite resin using a universal adhesive system. Half of the restorations were applied using etch-and-rinse technique and the other half were applied with self-etch technique. The samples had been subjected to a dye penetration microleakage test and then the teeth were axially sectioned. The microleakage scores and the morphology of the adhesive joint were evaluated using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Results: The microleakage scores did not show a significant difference between the self-etch group and the total etch-group. For both groups, no significant gaps were noticed, however few cracks were visible within the adhesive layer. The SEM images showed the preservation of a tide contact between the composite resin and the dental tissues in most specimens of the both groups. An adhesive joint involving a layer of adhesive resin was formed between composite resin and both enamel and dentin regardless of the chosen technique (self-etch or total etch strategy). Conclusions: The immediate sealing qualities and the morphology of the interface did not significantly change when total etch strategy had been used when comparing to self-etch strategy.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the combined effect of a 2% chlorhexidine aqueous solution and a universal adhesive system applied in self-etch and etch-and-rinse strategies on the composite resin–dentin interface. Materials and Methods: Class V cavities were prepared on the facial and lingual surfaces of forty caries-free molars extracted for orthodontic reasons. The samples were randomly divided into two groups corresponding to the used etching protocol: I—etch-and-rinse; II—self-etch. In each tooth, one cavity was assigned for the control subgroups -IA (n = 20) and IIA (n = 20)—adhesive only, and the opposite cavity was pretreated with a 2% chlorhexidine solution—Gluco CHeX Cerkamed—subgroups IB (n = 20) and IIB (n = 20). Both sets of groups were restored using a universal adhesive system (Single Bond Universal Adhesive, 3M-ESPE) and a bulk-fill composite resin (Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, 3M-ESPE). The roots and the pulp tissue were then removed, and a needle connected to a perfusor with 100 mL saline solution was used for pulp pressure simulation with a hydrostatic pressure of 20 cm H2O. Cariogenic attack was simulated using a demineralizing solution for 3 days at a constant temperature of 25 °C. The teeth were then sectioned in a facial-lingual direction and the microleakages at the occlusal and cervical margins were registered and scored using an optical Carl-Zeiss AXIO Imager A1m microscope (Carl-Zeiss). The composite resin–dentin interface was analyzed using a SEM Vega Tescan LMH II. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Microleakage evaluation showed no significant differences among the study groups (p > 0.05). In subgroup IA, significant differences were recorded between occlusal and cervical margins (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Application of chlorhexidine on tooth substrate before using a universal bonding system in total etch or self-etch mode has no influence on the adhesive interface in the condition of cariogenic attack. The thickness of the adhesive resin layer seems to be less uniform when using chlorhexidine, but the morphological differences at the adhesive interface have no influence on the sealing capacity of the universal bonding system, regardless of the etching strategy.

Vascular anomalies (VAs) are morphogenesis defects of the vascular system (arteries, capillaries, veins, lymphatic vessels) singularly or in complex combinations, sometimes with a severe impact on the quality of life. The progress made in recent years with the identification of the key molecular pathways (PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/BRAF/MAPK/ERK) and the gene mutations that lead to the appearance of VAs has allowed the deciphering of their complex genetic architecture. Understanding these mechanisms is critical both for the correct definition of the phenotype and classification of VAs, as well as for the initiation of an optimal therapy and the development of new targeted therapies. The purpose of this review is to present in synthesis the current data related to the genetic factors involved in the etiology of VAs, as well as the possible directions for future research. We analyzed the data from the literature related to VAs, using databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE, OMIM, MedGen, Orphanet) and ClinicalTrials.gov. The obtained results revealed that the phenotypic variability of VAs is correlated with genetic heterogeneity. The identification of new genetic factors and the molecular mechanisms in which they intervene, will allow the development of modern therapies that act targeted as a personalized therapy. We emphasize the importance of the geneticist in the diagnosis and treatment of VAs, as part of a multidisciplinary team involved in the management of VAs.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of gastric acid associated with the effect of toothbrushing on the surface roughness of different types of composite resin used for direct restorations. Materials and Methods: The materials used in this study were two microhybrid (Filtek Z250, Herculite XRV) and two nanohybrid (Filtek Z550, Herculite XRV Ultra) composite resins. Two hundred and forty cylindrical samples with a height of 2 mm and a diameter of 6 mm were divided into four groups (groups A, B, C and D) corresponding to each tested material (n = 60). Each group was divided in two subgroups: subgroup I—the samples were submersed in hydrochloric acid and immediately submitted to toothbrushing; subgroup II—the samples were submitted only to toothbrushing. The simulation of the acid attack was performed by immersing the samples in a 0.01 M hydrochloric acid solution for 90 min. This procedure was followed immediately by toothbrushing simulation with 10,000 cycles. The acid attack and toothbrushing simulation were performed for two times. The surface roughness evaluation was performed with a Proscan 2100 profilometer. Repeated Measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to perform the statistical analysis. Results: Simulation of one year of toothbrushing associated or not to hydrochloric acid exposure increases the surface roughness of microhybrid and nanohybrid composite resins. Six months of toothbrushing associated to six months of hydrochloric acid exposure increase the surface roughness of nanohybrid composite resins. Conclusions: Microhybrid composite resins surface becomes rougher after toothbrush and acid submersion when comparing to nanohybrid composite resins.

Numerous technologies and materials were developed with the aim of repairing and reconstructing the tissue loss in patients with periodontitis. Periodontal guided bone regeneration (GBR) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) involves the use of a membrane which prevents epithelial cell migration, and helps to maintain the space, creating a protected area in which tissue regeneration is favored. Over the time, manufacturing procedures of such barrier membranes followed important improvements. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has led to major innovations in periodontal regeneration methods, using technologies such as inkjet printing, light-assisted 3D printing or micro-extrusion. Besides the 3D printing of monophasic and multi-phasic scaffolds, bioprinting and tissue engineering have emerged as innovative technologies which can change the way we see GTR and GBR.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of simulated gastric acid associated with toothbrushing on the surface condition of three resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (RMGIC). Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty samples of each material were obtained and included in three study groups according to the tested material: Group I (Ionolux, VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany); Group II (Vitremer, 3 M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); and Group III (Fuji II LC, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The samples were submersed in hydrochloric acid 0.01 M (pH 3.8) for 3 h and exposed to a toothbrushing procedure at a frequency of 10,000 cycles with medium and hard bristles immediately or 30 min after the acid attack. Profilometric measurements were performed by using a non-contact profilometer (Dektak XT, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) in order to assess the surface roughness. ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used for the statistical analysis at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Exposure of RMGICs to the erosive effect of hydrochloric acid in association with toothbrushing 30 min after the chemical attack increased the surface roughness of all three RMGICs. Exposure of the three tested materials exclusively to the action of hydrochloric acid did not affect the surface roughness. Conclusions: One year of hydrochloric acid challenge associated with one year of toothbrushing with medium-hardness bristles performed 30 min after the acid attack increase the surface roughness of two of the three types of RMGIC tested (Ionolux and Fuji II LC).

The inflammatory response of the host in periodontitis is the phenomenon that underlies the onset and evolution of periodontal destructive phenomena. A number of systemic factors, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), can negatively affect the patient with periodontitis, just as the periodontal disease can aggravate the status of the DM patient. Host response modulation therapy involves the use of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant products aimed at resolving inflammation, stopping destructive processes, and promoting periodontal healing, all important aspects in patients with high tissue loss rates, such as diabetic patients. This paper reviews the data available in the literature on the relationship between DM and periodontitis, the main substances modulating the inflammatory response (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sub-antimicrobial doses of doxycycline, or omega-3 fatty acids and their products, specialized pro-resolving mediators), as well as their application in diabetic patients.

This article presents a retrospective study on the decisions made regarding non-intervention, repair, or replacement of posterior composite restorations. The study analyzed the esthetic, functional, and biological factors that influenced these decisions. The majority of decisions were for non-intervention, followed by repair and replacement. Factors such as the type of tooth, gender, cariogenic risk, location in the arch, and location within the dental group influenced the decisions. The study highlights the importance of considering these factors when making treatment decisions and emphasizes the benefits of clinical trials in informing these decisions. However, the study acknowledges limitations in the research. [Extracted from the article]

This article from the Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation discusses the clinical performance of resin composite restorations in posterior teeth. It reviews factors that influence the longevity of these restorations, such as patient-related factors, dental group, cavity size, and cervical margin extension. The article concludes that resin composites are the material of choice for minimal interventions in posterior teeth, and they demonstrate similar clinical performance to amalgam restorations in medium-sized cavities. The success of these restorations depends on various factors, including the restored tooth, materials and techniques used, patient risks, and clinical decisions. The text discusses the factors that contribute to the failure of posterior resin composite restorations in dental patients. Patient-related risk factors include high cariogenic risk, occlusal stress, periodontal status, smoking, dietary habits, and parafunctional habits. The type of resin composite used, adhesive systems, restorative technique, and isolation technique also play a role in the success of the restorations. The main reasons for failure are fractures within the restoration and secondary marginal caries. The text emphasizes the importance of using minimal interventions such as marginal sealing or refurbishment to extend the lifespan of the restorations. The overall success rate of posterior composite restorations is reported to be between 43.4% and 98.7%. It is suggested that resin composites may be inferior to amalgam in terms of cost-effectiveness. However, various research groups have reported satisfactory results with resin [Extracted from the article]

This article examines different diagnostic methods for detecting early proximal carious lesions. The study compares clinical visual and radiographic techniques with histological analysis. The results show that radiographic methods are more effective in detecting these lesions compared to clinical methods. The article emphasizes the importance of using both visual examination and radiography for diagnosing carious lesions. Additionally, the article discusses the use of radiographic examinations, such as bitewing radiography and orthopantomography, in detecting carious lesions in children and patients with increased cariogenic risk. However, there are differing opinions on the effectiveness of orthopantomography in detecting non-cavitated carious lesions. Overall, the article concludes that radiographic methods have higher validity in detecting early proximal carious lesions compared to clinical methods. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this study was to assess, by using VAS indices and SCHIFF scale, the effectiveness of a desensitising product with role in the blocking of the dentinal tubules, at 24 hours and 1 week after its application. Material and methods. The clinical study was performed on 37 teeth (7 incisive; 9 canines; 17 premolars and 4 molars), divided in two groups: Group 1 (n = 18) –teeth treated with desensitiser agent Voco Profluorid® Varnish; Group 2 (n=19) –placebo (distilled water). Results. VAS indices at baseline were 5.14 (at stimulation with air spray). 24 hours after desensitising session the mean value of VAS indices decreased, in group 1, from 6.07 to 1.00. 1 week after desensitising session the mean value of VAS indices was 1.03. VAS indices for placebo group remained 3.05. Schiff indices at baseline had 1.78 mean values for the teeth taken in study. Schiff indices for group 1 decreased from 2.38 to 0.357 after 24 hours, and increased to 0.864 after 1 week. Placebo group had the same Schiff value (0.86) during the study period. Conclusions. Voco Profluorid® Varnish was effective in the treatment of the dental cervical hypersensitivity with one single session, and the desensitising effect was maintained after 1 week. The use of this product in multiple treatment sessions could determine the complete closure of the dentinal tubules.

The aim of the present study was to assess by atomic force microscopy (AFM) the surface roughness of a traditional glass ionomer cement- GIC (Fuji IX GP, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and a resin modified glass ionomer cement- RMGIC (Vitremer, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) after different immersion regimes on some acidic drinks. Sixteen cylindrical samples having the height of 5 mm and the thickness of 2 mm were obtained from each material and they were divided into two groups: Group I (Fuji IX samples) and Group II (Vitremer samples). Specimens of each group were then randomly divided into 4 subgroups: subgroup A (control)—15 samples were kept in artificial saliva and in the other three subgroups, each having 15 samples the samples were immersed in Coca-Cola (subgroup B), Cappy lemonade and mint (subgroup C) and Fuzetea (subgroup D) for 7 days (subgroups A1–D1), 14 days (subgroups A2–D2), and 21 days (subgroups A3–D3). AFM qualitative and quantitative surface evaluation (mean value of surface roughness parameter, Sa) of each sample was performed. The highest surface roughness was determined when both materials were submerged 14 days in acidic drinks. Traditional GIC was more affected by acidic environment when comparing to RMGIC.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adjunctive periodontal therapy of 5 mg/mL indocyanine green irradiation by an 810 nm diode laser (aPDT), supplementary to scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with periodontitis and type II diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to the SRP alone, on periodontal clinical parameters and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The study was conducted on 49 subjects with type II DM and periodontitis, divided into two groups: the SRP group (n = 25), who followed SRP alone, and the SRP + aPDT group (n = 24), who followed SRP and four weekly sessions of indocyanine green irradiation by an 810 nm diode laser. Plaque Index (PI), Bleeding on Probing Index (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and HbA1c were investigated at baseline and after 6 months. At 6 months, both SRP alone and SRP + aPDT generated significant reductions in all the investigated parameters; SRP + aPDT produced more significant reductions for BOP, PD and CAL (p < 0.001) but not for PI and HbA1c, than SRP alone. aPDT with indocyanine green therapy was well tolerated, with two subjects reporting slight discomfort. Therefore, aPDT with indocyanine green might represent a good adjunctive periodontal treatment option for SRP in patients with type II DM and periodontitis.

This in vitro study aimed to assess the erosive effect of hydrochloric acid in association with toothbrushing procedure on the surface condition of three bulk-fill composite resins used for direct restoration. A total of 480 samples (160 from each composite resin): X-tra Fil (VOCO, Germany)—group A, Filtek Bulk-fill Posterior (3M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA)—group B, G-aenial Posterior (GC Japan)—group C were prepared, submitted to chemical attack for 60 min with hydrochloric acid 30% and, subsequently, submitted to the abrasive effect of toothbrushing using 10,000 cycles with medium and hard bristles, at three different times (immediately and after 30 min after acid attack or without any chemical attack). The surface roughness of the samples was measured using a noncontact profilometer (Dektak XT, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA). The values were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests, with a p < 0.05. Chemical attack for 60 min associated with one year of toothbrushing with toothbrushes having medium or hard bristles increase the surface roughness of tested bulk-fill composite resins. No differences were recorded between toothbrushing with medium or firm bristles immediately or 30 min after acidic challenge for each of the three bulk-fill composite resins. Exposure to hydrochloric acid determines no effect on surface roughness of bulk-fill composite resins.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of hydrochloric acid associated with the abrasive effect of toothbrushing on the surface condition of three flowable composite resins used for direct restoration. Seventy samples of each composite resin: Grandio Flow (VOCO, Germany)—group A, Filtek Ultimate Flow (3M-ESPE, MN, USA)—group B, G-aenial Flo X (GC Europe)—group C were prepared, submersed in hydrochloric acid 30% for 60 min and then submitted to simulated toothbrushing procedure using 5000 cycles with toothbrushes with medium and hard bristles, immediately after the chemical attack, after 30 min or without any chemical attack. The sample’s surface roughness was analyzed using a noncontact profilometer (Dektak XT, Bruker, USA). ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests, with a p < 0.05, were used to analyze the values. Hydrochloric acid action for 60 min and six months of toothbrushing using toothbrushes having medium hardness or firm bristles affects the surface roughness of tested flowable composite resins. Toothbrushing with firm bristles immediately after acidic challenge determines increased surface roughness for two of the three flowable composite resins (Grandio Flow and Filtek Ultimate Flow). Toothbrushing with medium or firm bristles thirty minutes after the acidic aggression determine no effect on surface condition of flowable composite resins.

The use of correct criteria for assessing direct restorations is of major importance in dental practice in the context of incorrect use or the use of invalid criteria may lead to erroneous repair / replacement decisions or over-treatment. The purpose of the study was to determine the aesthetic performance of composite resin restorations in relation to a number of clinical and biological variables (patient sex, age of restoration, type of cavity). Material and method: The study group consisted of 80 patients aged 16-44 years (male 35, 45-females). The evaluation of the restorations was performed in relation to the sex of the patients (male, female), the age of the restorations (1-2 years, 3-4 years) and the type of cavity (class III, class IV, class V). The evaluation was done through the aesthetic FDI criteria. Results: Our study did not aim to correlate surface changes and color changes with cariogenic risk or oral hygiene of patients, but this is a subject that can be addressed in later research. In our study, the comparison of clinical performance at different time intervals (1-2 years vs. 4-6 years) was relevant for observing the age of age in changes in aesthetic criteria under the condition that incorrect techniques of restoration, finishing and polishing or frequent consumption beverages with potential for degradation and coloring of the surface of composite resins can lead to failure in the first 12 months. Conclusions: The percentage of restorations in aesthetic composite resins (SE

Rampant caries is the most aggressive and rapidly progressing type of carious disease. The management of these patients represents one of the most challenging experiences in any dental office because of the gravity and high risk of recurrence. The early diagnosis of this condition and identification of the risk factors allows the control of the disease and avoid repetitive, inefficient and aggressive operative procedures. Besides the traditional preventive methods, the effort of the dental team should focus on making the patient aware of the individual risk factors, and change his behavior and attitude towards systemic and oral health. This is a presentation of the case of a young patient with rampant caries, which illustrates the complexity of the pathology and the multitude factors involved in the etiology of the disease

The surface characteristics of the dental restoration influence the esthetic quality, the tactile sensation, the resistance to corrosion-abrasion phenomena and the adhesion of the bacterial biofilm. Recently a new system has been introduced for finishing and polishing composite restorations. Profine (Dentatus) system consists of a contraangle handpiece using reciprocating movement and special diamond and carbide tips. The purpose of of this study was to investigate the surface roughness of several composite resins when using the Profine System with Lamineer tips. Four commercially light-cured composite resins were tested. 10 discs were prepared for each material. Profine handpiece was used for finishing procedures. For each material 5 discs were finished using the diamond tips and the other 5 using the tungsten carbide tips. The surface roughness was evaluated using a profilometer (Surftest SJ-210, Mitutoyo). Significant differences of the surface roughness have been found between the tested materials, for both types of Lamineer tips. The surface roughness of composites seems to be dependent on both material and type of Lamineer tip used for polishing. Although the Profine-Lamineer system has shown promising results, further studies on the influence of time, pressure, and speed of the movement are needed in order to assess the best protocols for polishing restorations when using this system

Xylitol is a natural polyol, used as saccharine replacer and noncariogenic edulcorant, promoting the remineralisation both by the increasing of saliva rate and inhibition of bacteria growth. Despite these anticariogenic properties, the proofs related to clinical effectiveness of xylitol are controversial. The aim of study The aim of this study is to assess the effect of xyilitol from oral hygiene products (toothpastes, mouthwashes, chewing gums) on the saliva parameters (saliva microcrystallisation index (IMK), saliva resting flow rate (RFR), saliva stimulated flow rate (SFR), saliva buffering capacity (BC)) and the carioactivity of bacteria biofilm (ATP) for patients with medium cariogenic risk. Material and metods: The study group included 12 patients with medium cariogenic risk, submitted to the use of oral hygiene products xylitol-based for three weeks (toothpastes, mouthwashes, chewing gums). The following parameters were assessed before and after the use of xylitol-based products: saliva microcrystallisation index (IMK), saliva resting flow rate (RFR), saliva stimulated flow rate (SFR), saliva buffering capacity (BC), bacterial biofilm activity (ATP). Results and discution: The results show the significant improving of salivary parameters (IMK, RFR, SFR, BC) and the decrease of ATP levels after the use of xylitol-based oral hygiene products for three weeks Conclusions: The use of xylitol-based products in oral hygiene is effective both in the improvement of salivary parameters and the decrease of bacterial biofilm activity for patients with high cariogenic risk

The study aimed to compare the remineralization capacity of toothpastes containing arginine by surface morphology evaluation and calcium and phosphate ions concentration assessment in enamel and dentine. Colgate Total, Colgate Sensitive ProRelief and Colgate Maximum Cavity Protection were selected for this study. Enamel and dentine samples were subjected to demineralization for 1 hour, three times a day, 14 days (group I, control). In groups II-IV the same demineralization cycles were applied, but the first and the last demineralization cycle was followed by the application of three toothpaste slurries for 3 minutes. In the conditions of this study, all the tested toothpastes provided remineralization of enamel and dentine after acid challenge. The toothpastes containing arginine leaded to higher remineralization when compared to the products that contains only fluoride.

The incidence of the occlusal dental caries is still high, despite the numerous available preventive and therapeutic methods and materials. Further researches are requested to find the most effective preventive method. The aim of study was to assess during a year, by using Replica Test method, the retention degree and microbiology of the bacterial biofilm adjacent to the sealants performed by three types of materials: glass ionomer cement (group I), fluoride-releasing composite sealant (group II), and composite sealant without fluoride (group III). Results. For the group I, sealed with glass ionomer cement Replica Test results show low variations associated with high protective effect, due to the fluoride release. To the end of the research period, a slight increase of the bacterial biofilm activity was recorded. For the group II, sealed with a fluoride-releasing sealant, Replica Test results show, for the first 6 months, low variations associated with the high protective effect, due to the fluoride release. After 6 months, a slight increase of the bacterial biofilm activity the recorded, due to the decrease of the released fluoride ions level. For the group III, sealed with sealant without fluoride, Replica Test results show a progressive increase of the bacterial biofilm activity during the 12 months study period, more significant than to the other study groups. Conclusions. The results of our study show that all three sealing materials offer a low retentive surface associated with a reduction of the cariogenic bacterial biofilm adjacent to the sealings. The most significant reduction of the bacterial load was associated to the glass ionomer cement GC Fuji Triage, followed by flowable composite Fisurit FX and composite Fluid SDI Wave.

The orthodontic fixed appliances determine increased retention of bacteria associated with increased cariogenic activity and enamel demineralization. The aim of study is to quantify, by ATP luminiscence method the effectiveness of a remineralizing calcium-phosphate-fluoride-based product used to decrease cariogenic activity to patients submitted to orthodontic fixed appliances therapy. Results. Initially, ATP mean values increased from 3818.3 to 7439.2 after 3 weeks of orthodontic therapy; following the non operative treatment with MI Paste Plus, ATP mean value decreased to 3883.0. Conclusions. The use of fixed appliances in orthodontic treatment influences the retention rate and increases the cariogenic activity of the adjacent bacterial biofilm. The remineralizing calcium-phosphate-fluoride-based products can decrease the cariogenic activity of the bacterial biofilm associated to orthodontic braces. ATP bioluminescence technique can be used for the rapid quantification of bacterial levels and for monitoring the oral hygiene and effectiveness of preventive-therapeutic measures during orthodontic therapy.

Dental erosion is a dental non-cariogenic lesion produced by internal (gastro oesophageal reflux, regurgitations, gastro-intestinal diseases, symptoms associated to bulimia) or external factors (foods, beverages, erosive drugs). The treatment of non-cariogenic lesions is complex. It will include the removal of causal factors and preventive-therapeutical measures aiming to increase the resistance of dental tissues by remineralization. The coronal reconstruction varies from direct composite resins restorations to indirect restorations (veneers, inlays, crowns) in severe cases. The aim of this study is to present and discuss a clinical case of dental erosion produced by GERD (gastro oesophageal reflux disease) associated with frequent consume of acid foods (citrics). Conclusions. The treatment of dental lesions produced by erosions, using non-prep ceramic micro-veneers, represent an affordable, esthetical, biological and functional therapeutic solution, with optimal results both for patient and dental team.

The aim of the study was to investigate the chemical corrosion in artificial saliva of some commercial composite resins. Material and method. 20 samples of a nanocomposite resin (Filtek Supreme XT, 3M ESPE) and 20 samples of a microhybrid composite resin (Filek Z250, 3M ESPE) were immersed for 30 days in Fusayama artificial saliva. After that, they were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results. It resulted that the corrosion is mainly due to the pitting, micrometric holes being observed for both materials. Also, preferred directions of corrosion resulted, as consequence of micro-scratches formation during the samples preparation. The oxygen content generally increased due to the oxides formation, while carbon, silicon and zirconium normalized atomic percents decreased. Conclusions. The corrosion of the composite resins in artificial saliva is mainly represented by pitting, and micrometric holes. The chemical corrosion affected both polymeric matrix and filler particles.

Root dental caries represent an issue focusing many dental researchers. However due to morphologic and structural particularities of cement and root dentine as well as the nearby of dental pulp, root dental caries is a challenge regarding therapeutical success. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical performance of two restorative materials: glassionomer cement CGI with high density and a resin-modified glassionomer cement (RMGC), using ART technique in complex cervical root cavities. The assessment of restorations quality parameters was performed after 1 and 6 months using ART assessment criteria. After 6 months, success rate was 100 % for GC Fuji II LC and 96,6 % for Fuji VIII. After 6 months, success rate of ART technique for all 20 patients was 98,3 %. A higher success rate of our study, comparing with literature data, is due to the improvement of ART technique combined with the use of superior dental materials. (GC Fuji VIII, GC Fuji II LC), as well as the use of photopolimerisable resin-modified glassionomer cement GC Fuji II LC. More the use of conditioner, previously to the insertion of restoration material, improves significantly the adhesion and prevent microleakage. The superior esthetics and surface parameters are due to the use of varnish. Our study proved that ART method for aged patients, in cervical root dental caries treatment, was more efficient, both for simple cavities (1 surface) and complex cavities, after a 6 months periode. The results were promising for both researched glassionomer cements.