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1. The role of climatic variables on nest evolution in tanagers

Author

Silvia Colombo, Kevin D. Newman, Naomi E. Langmore, Claire J. Taylor, and Iliana Medina

Subjects
avian nest, climatic variables, evolution, nest architecture, phylogenetic tree, tanagers, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Avian nests are fundamental structures in avian reproduction and face strong selective forces. Climatic conditions are likely to have shaped the evolution of specific nest traits, but evidence is scarce at a macroevolutionary level. The Thraupidae family (commonly known as tanagers) is an ideal clade to understand the link between nest architecture and climate because it presents wide variation in nest traits. To understand whether climatic variables have played a role in the diversification of nest traits among species in this family, we measured nests from 49 species using museum collections. We observed that dome‐nesting species are present in dryer and hotter environments, in line with previous findings suggesting that domed nests are a specialisation for arid conditions. We also found evidence that nests with thicker walls are present in locations with lower precipitation and that solar radiation can influence the shape of domed nests; birds tend to build shorter and narrower domes in areas with high levels of solar radiation. Open nest architecture is also potentially influenced by wind speed, with longer and deeper nests in areas characterised by strong winds. Our results support the hypothesis that different climatic variables can drive the evolution of specific aspects of nest architecture and contribute to the diversity of nest shapes we currently observe. However, climatic variables account only for a small fraction of the observed structural variation, leaving a significant portion still unexplained.

Published
2024
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2. ENDOCARDITE INFECCIOSA POR BARTONELLA. SPP: SERIE DE CASOS EM TRÊS HOSPITAIS UNIVERSITÁRIOS

Author

Juliana Roberta Mottta Ragozzino, Ana Maria Thomaz, Diego Augusto Medeiros Santos, Tania Mara Varejão Strabelli, Vera Demarchi Aiello, Jussara Bianchi Castelli, Silvia Colombo, Cristiane da Cruz Lamas, Rafael Quaresma Garrido, Beatriz Muller Unser, Paulo Vieira Damasco, and Rinaldo Focaccia Siciliano

Subjects
Bartonella endocardite protese valvar, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Introdução: Endocardite infecciosa é uma doença grave, com elevada morbidade e mortalidade. O diagnóstico muitas vezes é tardio devido à sua apresentação clínica diversificada. Entre as causas da endocardite infecciosa, a infecção por Bartonella spp. tem sido reconhecida como um importante diagnóstico diferencial, especialmente em casos com culturas sanguíneas negativas. Este microrganismo também é conhecido por causar doença da arranhadura do gato, uma antropozoonose típica no Brasil. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar serie de casos de endocardite causada por Bartonella spp. Métodos: Foram avaliados casos consecutivos de endocardite atendidos em três hospitais universitários no período de 2004 a 2023. O critério diagnóstico utilizado foi endocardite possível ou definida pelos Critérios de Duke-ISCVID e sorologia ≥1600 para Bartonella spp. Resultados: foram observados 24 pacientes com diagnostico de endocardite por Bartonella spp.: 20 deles provenientes do Instituto do Coração (InCor HC-FMUSP) de São Paulo, dois casos do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (HUPE-UERJ) e dois casos do Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia do Rio de Janeiro - RJ. Todos os pacientes apresentaram hemoculturas negativas e em sete deles a infecção por Bartonella spp. foi confirmada por biologia molecular sérico. Vinte e três pacientes (96%) tinham valvopatia pré-existente, e 18 (75%) prótese cardíaca. Houve predomínio do acometimento da valva aórtica (58%), seguido por valva mitral (33%) e valva pulmonar (4%). As complicações relatadas incluíram insuficiência cardíaca (58%), abscesso valvar (46%) e embolia vascular (21%). Apenas três casos (12%) não apresentaram complicações. Os antibióticos mais frequentemente usados foram ceftriaxone, vancomicina e/ou doxiciclina. Aminoglicosídeos foram utilizados em associação em 14 casos (58%). Dezesseis pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia de troca valvar (67%), e a letalidade geral intra-hospitalar foi de 25%. Todos os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca tiveram confirmação histológica de endocardite. Conclusão: endocardite por Bartonella spp envolveu pacientes predominantemente com prótese valvar e apresentou elevada frequência de complicações. Deve-se considerar a possibilidade desta infecção como diagnóstico diferencial dentre as endocardites com culturas negativas.

Published
2023
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3. Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Fausto Petrelli, Michele Manara, Silvia Colombo, Gabriella De Santi, Michele Ghidini, Marco Mariani, Alessandro Iaculli, Emanuele Rausa, Valentina Rampulla, Marcella Arru, Matteo Viti, Veronica Lonati, Antonio Ghidini, Andrea Luciani, and Antonio Facciorusso

Subjects
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Steatosis, NASH, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Meta-analysis, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Background and aims: Hepatic steatosis of nonalcoholic etiology (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NAFLD) is an emergent condition that may lead to hepatic cirrhosis and finally to liver cancer. We evaluate the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and quantify the prognosis in terms of recurrence (DFS) as well as HCC-specific and overall survival (CSS and OS) of patients with and without NAFLD. Methods: We searched published articles that evaluated the risk and outcomes of HCC in patients with steatosis/steatohepatitis from inception to July 2021 were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Prospective cohort, case-control, or retrospective studies were selected that were published in English and provided incidence and survival rates of HCC patients with NAFLD. A random-effects model was created to estimate the pooled effect size. The primary outcome of interest was HCC incidence. The secondary endpoints were DFS, CSS, and OS. Results: In total, 948 217 patients with NAFLD were analyzed, from n = 103 observational studies. NAFLD significantly increased the risk of HCC (HR = 1.88 [95% CI, 1.46-2.42]; P < .01] but not risk of recurrence (HR = 0.99 [95% CI, 0.85-1.15]; P = .9) or overall mortality (HR = 1.04 [95% CI, 0.88-1.24]; P = 0.64). Conversely, NAFLD increased HCC-related mortality risk (HR = 2.16 [95% CI, 0.85-5.5]; P = .1). Risk of HCC was increased in Western countries but not in Asian countries. Conclusions: Patients with NAFLD have an increased risk of HCC as compared to patients without NAFLD. NAFLD also increases liver cancer (HCC) mortality. These results justify applying general measures to patients with proven NAFLD and monitoring patients with NASH and fibrosis.

Published
2022
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4. La differenza tra noi e 'gli altri': su alcune mostre coloniali milanesi organizzate nel Ventennio fascista / The difference between us and 'the others': notes on some colonial exhibitions in Milan during the 'Ventennio' (the Fascist period)

Author

Silvia Colombo

Subjects
Arts in general, NX1-820, Auxiliary sciences of history
Abstract

Scopo del presente studio è cercare di individuare i punti cardine della politica coloniale fascista, così come proposta al pubblico attraverso una serie di esposizioni milanesi organizzate dal governo Facta prima e dagli esponenti del PNF poi, nell'arco del Ventennio. Più precisamente, lo studio dei materiali d'archivio ed editi relativi a tre manifestazioni che scandiscono il lasso di tempo tra le due guerre – la “Mostra coloniale italiana”, tenutasi in concomitanza alla III Fiera Campionaria di Milano (12-27 aprile 1922), la “Mostra d'arte coloniale” allestita presso il Palazzo della Permanente nel 1936 (14-30 giugno) e la “Mostra dell'attrezzatura coloniale”, sezione della VII Triennale di Milano (aprile-giugno 1940) – sarà funzionale alla comprensione di un complesso contesto storico-culturale, di cui verranno presi in considerazione alcuni aspetti peculiari. Grazie a un approccio multidisciplinare, che abbraccia la storia, la storia dell'arte, la museologia e le scienze sociali, verranno messi in luce i contributi concessi e i risultati ottenuti dai protagonisti che hanno lavorato alla buona riuscita di queste occasioni espositive – artisti, architetti e committenti –, ma anche le intenzioni didattico-esplicative messe in campo dagli organizzatori. In questo modo sarà possibile evidenziare gli strumenti comunicativi utilizzati dal regime per far presa sul pubblico, comprendere quale fosse il ruolo-chiave giocato dalle mostre nella propaganda fascista, ma anche percepire la visione discriminatoria – nell'ottica di una politica nazionalista e, con il passare degli anni, sempre più improntata a una visione razzista – con cui si cercava di educare le masse nella visione dell'“altro”. This paper aims to highlight the fundamental principles of the colonial policy promoted by the Fascist regime throughout the study of some Milanese exhibitions organised by the liberal government at first and by the representatives of the PNF a little bit later, during the “Ventennio”. More precisely, the amount of published and unpublished documents here considered and referred to three – artistic and commercial – events arranged between the First and the Second World War will be functional to understand a complex national, cultural context. The “Mostra coloniale italiana”, during the III Fiera Campionaria di Milano (12-27 April 1922), the “Mostra d'arte coloniale” arranged at Palazzo della Permanente in 1936 (14-30 June) and the “Mostra dell'attrezzatura coloniale”, a section of the VII Triennale di Milano (April-June 1940), will be thus discussed from a multidisciplinary point of view, between history, art history, museology and social sciences. In this essay, the results obtained by the protagonists who worked for these shows – artists, architects, customers... – will be also considered, together with the didactic intentions illustrated by the team of organisers. In that way it will be possible to underline the communication instruments used by the regime in order to impress the public, to understand the key-role played by the exhibitions during the “Ventennio”; and, finally, to perceive the xenophobic perspective employed by the PNF to educate the masses in seeing “the others”.

Published
2016
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5. ‘Piazzale Loreto’ in Milan, from the ‘20s to the Present. Architectural and Historical Memories from a Space of Dis/Affection

Author

Silvia Colombo

Subjects
cultural studies, history, italian studies, totalitarianism, memory studies, contested heritage, Literature (General), PN1-6790, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

This study aims to highlight the role played by a significant public place of Milan, ‘piazzale Loreto’ that, throughout time, has been at the centre of attention for many reasons, gradually becoming a place of dis/affection and contestation. In fact, the square, today, is a consequence of its painful past, and even the municipality has not been able to reconfigure it in a proper way, since it is still a huge void, an enormous square with an almost ignored commemorative monument at the centre. But first, it all started during the ’20s, when Milan was changing, becoming a financial-cultural centre, and piazzale Loreto was a point of reference for tourists and workers who wanted a comfortable place to stay: actually the “Titanus”, the biggest hotel of the city, was conceived as a monumental building, born to satisfy the practical, modern needs of its middle-class hosts. Unfortunately, opened in 1928, it was already in decline a few years later, due to the economic crisis and the international, difficult mood of the ’30s, which affected several European and nonEuropean countries, Italy included. Then, during the Second World War, the building was given to the SS and, in 1943, bombed by the Anglo-American forces, to the point that, at the end of the conflict, the hotel was almost destroyed. Nevertheless, it became a passive witness of the ‘Strage di piazzale Loreto’ (piazzale Loreto slaughter) on the 8th of August 1944, when a Nazi-fascist squad killed fifteen partisans. Again, just a few months later, after the fall of the regime, the same square was chosen as the ‘revenge place’ where Benito Mussolini, Claretta Petacci and other fascists’ corpses were exhibited in full public sight. Since even the plan conceived under the Reconstruction was not able to ‘redeem’ the place, after several decades, the place it is just a traffic intersection, where no one can easily pass through it by walking. All these difficulties are still demonstrated by the most recent debate, based on the (unrealized) idea that piazzale Loreto should house the Tree of Life Expo 2015.

Published
2016

6. Bartonella spp. and Coxiella burnetii Associated with Community-Acquired, Culture-Negative Endocarditis, Brazil

Author

Rinaldo Focaccia Siciliano, Jussara Bianchi Castelli, Alfredo Jose Mansur, Fabiana Pereira dos Santos, Silvia Colombo, Elvira Mendes do Nascimento, Christopher D. Paddock, Roosecelis Araújo Brasil, Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho, Marina Rovani Drummond, Max Grinberg, and Tania Mara Varejao Strabelli

Subjects
endocarditis, Bartonella, Coxiella burnettii, Brazil, zoonoses, bacteria, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

We evaluated culture-negative, community-acquired endocarditis by using indirect immunofluorescent assays and molecular analyses for Bartonella spp. and Coxiella burnetii and found a prevalence of 19.6% and 7.8%, respectively. Our findings reinforce the need to study these organisms in patients with culture-negative, community-acquired endocarditis, especially B. henselae in cat owners.

Published
2015
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7. Remodelación del espacio público, San Fernando, Argentina: Ignacio Montaldo, Silvia Colombo, 2013

Author

Ignacio Montaldo and Silvia Colombo

Subjects
Arquitectura - Argentina, urbanismo - Argentina, renovación urbana, mobiliario urbano, plaza, paseo, Architecture, NA1-9428
Abstract

Esta es una operación arquitectónica realizada entre los volúmenes construidos: tiende un pavimento, dispone luminarias y ajusta perfiles de la calle para definir una nueva realidad y cualificar el espacio público.

Published
2013
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8. Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by cefadroxil in a cat

Author

Roberta Sartori and Silvia Colombo

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Case summary A 5-year-old, spayed female, indoor-only domestic shorthair cat was referred with an acute history of multifocal cutaneous and mucocutaneous erosive-ulcerative lesions and skin detachment. The lesions occurred on the seventh day of therapy with cefadroxil. Erosive-ulcerative and occasionally crusted lesions were apparent on the medial and lateral canthus of both eyes, ventral neck, abdomen, perivulvar region, periungual skin and medial aspect of the front and hindlimbs. Diffuse and severe exfoliation was present on the dorsum and tail base and in both external ear canals. The cat was also dehydrated, tachycardic and febrile. Histopathological examination revealed extensive epidermal ulceration, interface dermatitis with vacuolar degeneration, apoptosis at multiple epidermal levels and basal, suprabasal and spinous dermoepidermal detachment. The histopathological diagnosis was consistent with Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). The recently reported Algorithm of Drug Causality in Epidermal Necrolysis (ALDEN), currently used in human medicine, was applied and a score of +6 was calculated; this supported the view that SJS/TEN in this cat was very likely to be associated with cefadroxil administration. Relevance and novel information This clinical communication reports cefadroxil as a very probable cause of SJS/TEN in a cat; the ALDEN was applied in this case and supported diagnosis.

Published
2016
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9. Contrordine. La sovversione del Nouveau Réalisme a partire dagli allestimenti delle loro opere

Author

Silvia Colombo

Subjects
Duchamp, Exhibitions, Arrangements, Nouveau Réalisme, Contemporary art, Language and Literature, Aesthetics, BH1-301
Abstract

The text, after an introduction on the arrangements conceived by Marcel Duchamp during the Thirties, focuses on the exhibitions organized by the Nouveau Réalisme between the end of the Fifties and the 1970. All these occasions, based on a chaos of the objects, created a positive confusion but allowed also a “visual revolution” in contemporary art.

Published
2012
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10. Nasal Planum Vasculopathy in a Scottish Terrier Dog Treated with Ciclosporin and Endonasal Stents

Author

Roberta Sartori, Valeria Colombo, Silvia Colombo, and Chiara Noli

Subjects
vasculopathy, nasal planum, Scottish Terrier, ciclosporin, endonasal stents, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

A two-year-old, intact female Scottish Terrier presented with one-and-a-half-year history of erosive and ulcerative lesions affecting the nasal planum. Clinical appearance, history, histopathology, and response to therapy were suggestive of a rare vasculopathy of the nasal planum that has been previously described in Scottish Terrier dogs. In previously published reports, medical treatments of the disease had failed, leading to euthanasia of five dogs, while a short-term follow-up was available for one case that was controlled with prednisolone and ciclosporin. The dog reported herein was successfully treated with medical therapy consisting initially of a combination of ciclosporin and prednisolone and endonasal stents applied over the first six months. Stents were inserted in order to prevent abnormal scarring and nostril stenosis. More than one and a half years after diagnosis, the dog is still being administered ciclosporin once daily, breathes normally, and has an optimal quality of life.

Published
2018
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11. Endocardite por Coxiella burnetii (febre Q): doença rara ou pouco diagnosticada? Relato de caso Endocarditis due to Coxiella burnetii (Q fever): a rare or underdiagnosed disease? Case report

Author

Rinaldo Focaccia Siciliano, Henrique Barbosa Ribeiro, Remo Holanda de Mendonça Furtado, Jussara Bianchi Castelli, Roney Orismar Sampaio, Fabiana Cristina Pereira dos Santos, Silvia Colombo, Max Grinberg, and Tânia Mara Varejão Strabelli

Subjects
Endocardite, Coxiella burnetii, Febre Q, Insuficiência aórtica, Endocarditis, Q fever, Aortic insufficiency, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962
Abstract

A febre Q é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial causada por Coxiella burnetii, sendo raros os registros da doença no Brasil. Estudos soroepidemiológicos mostraram uma freqüência relativamente elevada de anticorpos contra Coxiella burnetii em populações com exposição ocupacional. Em humanos, pode se manifestar clinicamente como doença aguda ou crônica, sendo que a endocardite é a forma crônica mais freqüente da febre Q e de maior morbi-mortalidade. Relatamos um caso grave de endocardite por Coxiella burnetii adquirida no Brasil com desfecho fatal, apesar de antibioticoterapia adequada e tratamento cirúrgico valvar.Q fever is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution that is caused by Coxiella burnetii. However, reports of this disease in Brazil are rare. Seroepidemiological studies have shown relatively high frequencies of antibodies against Coxiella burnetii in populations with occupational exposure. In humans, it can be manifested clinically as acute or chronic disease. Endocarditis is the most frequent chronic form of Q fever and the form with the greatest morbidity and mortality. We report a severe case of endocarditis due to Coxiella burnetii acquired in Brazil that had a fatal outcome, despite specific antibiotic therapy and valve surgery treatment.

Published
2008
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12. Bartonella spp. bacteremia in blood donors from Campinas, Brazil.

Author

Luiza Helena Urso Pitassi, Pedro Paulo Vissotto de Paiva Diniz, Diana Gerardi Scorpio, Marina Rovani Drummond, Bruno Grosselli Lania, Maria Lourdes Barjas-Castro, Rovilson Gilioli, Silvia Colombo, Stanley Sowy, Edward B Breitschwerdt, William L Nicholson, and Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho

Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Bartonella species are blood-borne, re-emerging organisms, capable of causing prolonged infection with diverse disease manifestations, from asymptomatic bacteremia to chronic debilitating disease and death. This pathogen can survive for over a month in stored blood. However, its prevalence among blood donors is unknown, and screening of blood supplies for this pathogen is not routinely performed. We investigated Bartonella spp. prevalence in 500 blood donors from Campinas, Brazil, based on a cross-sectional design. Blood samples were inoculated into an enrichment liquid growth medium and sub-inoculated onto blood agar. Liquid culture samples and Gram-negative isolates were tested using a genus specific ITS PCR with amplicons sequenced for species identification. Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana antibodies were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence. B. henselae was isolated from six donors (1.2%). Sixteen donors (3.2%) were Bartonella-PCR positive after culture in liquid or on solid media, with 15 donors infected with B. henselae and one donor infected with Bartonella clarridgeiae. Antibodies against B. henselae or B. quintana were found in 16% and 32% of 500 blood donors, respectively. Serology was not associated with infection, with only three of 16 Bartonella-infected subjects seropositive for B. henselae or B. quintana. Bartonella DNA was present in the bloodstream of approximately one out of 30 donors from a major blood bank in South America. Negative serology does not rule out Bartonella spp. infection in healthy subjects. Using a combination of liquid and solid cultures, PCR, and DNA sequencing, this study documents for the first time that Bartonella spp. bacteremia occurs in asymptomatic blood donors. Our findings support further evaluation of Bartonella spp. transmission which can occur through blood transfusions.

Published
2015
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13. Avaliação de parâmetros para o diagnóstico laboratorial de infecção genital feminina pela Chlamydia trachomatis

Author

Heloisa Helena Barbosa Melles, Silvia Colombo, Iara Moreno Linhares, and Luiz Fernando de Góez Siqueira

Subjects
Chlamydia trachomatis, Diagnóstico laboratorial, Infecção genital, Isolamento, Anticorpos, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962
Abstract

Foram examinadas prospectivamente189 amostras cervicais de mulheres sintomáticas e assintomáticas. Foram colhidas 2 amostras do canal endocervical, das quais uma foi examinada pela reação de imunofluorescência direta (IFD) com anticorpo monoclonal (MicroTrak), para verificação da adequação das amostras. A segunda amostra foi inoculada em cultura de células McCoy. Uma terceira amostra foi coletada para pesquisa de anticorpos das classes IgG e IgA. A Chlamydia trachomatis foi isolada de 14/166 (8,4%) das mulheres com sintomas e de 3/23 (13%) daquelas sem sintomas. Observamos que as 152 mulheres do grupo sintomático, com cultura negativa, possuiam sintomas equivalentes. Em relação ao número de células epiteliais, verificou-se que 13 das 17 (76,5%) amostras endocervicais positivas pela cultura e pela IFD, todas apresentavam mais de 5 células. Tomando-se como critério de positividade títulos ³ 1:8, foram detectados anticorpos das classes IgG e/ou IgA específicos para C. trachomatis em 11/189 (64,7%) das 17 mulheres com cultura positiva. Conclusões: a) não existe sintoma que seja específico de infecção por clamídia (p > 0,05); b) a quantidade de células epiteliais representariam fator de interferência na positividade da cultura, sendo, portanto, variáveis dependentes (p < 0,001); c) a pesquisa de anticorpos na cérvice não poderia ser utilizada como diagnóstico alternativo, pois a sua detecção depende da fase evolutiva da infecção e da resposta imunitária individual.

Published
2000

14. Isolamento de Rickettsia em cultura de células vero

Author

Heloisa Helena Barbosa Melles, Silvia Colombo, and Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos

Subjects
Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia, Isolamento, Células vero, Febre maculosa, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962
Abstract

Embora o diagnóstico da febre maculosa baseie-se em sinais e sintomas característicos, o mesmo requer confirmação laboratorial, pois existem alguns diagnósticos diferenciais possíveis como meningococcemia, leptospirose, infecção por enterovírus e febre tifóide. A confirmação laboratorial pode ser feita através da pesquisa de anticorpos específicos, possível somente alguns dias após o aparecimento da doença, através do isolamento do agente em amostras de sangue e/ou biópsia de pele, e ainda, de amostras de carrapatos coletados do paciente ou de animais reservatório. O isolamento a partir de sangue ou biópsia de pele resulta em diagnóstico precoce da doença, pois na fase de rickettsemia ainda não há anticorpos detectáveis no sangue. Assim, com o objetivo de facilitar o diagnóstico precoce da febre maculosa, estabelecemos um método de isolamento de rickettsia em cultura de células vero. Para a padronização foi inoculada amostra padrão de Rickettsia rickettsii, cepa Sheyla Smith, cedida pelo CDC. A identificação foi feita através da reação de imunofluorescência indireta. A presença de microrganismos verdes fluorescentes visualizados no interior do citoplasma das células caracterizou o crescimento do agente. Posteriormente, a metodologia foi confirmada pelo isolamento do agente da febre maculosa em amostras de biópsia de pele de paciente proveniente de área endêmica no Estado de São Paulo, bem como, de amostras de carrapato do gênero Amblyomma, considerado o reservatório e transmissor da doença no Brasil.

Published
1999

15. Detection of Brazilian spotted fever infection by polymerase chain reaction in a patient from the state of São Paulo

Author

Elvira Maria Mendes Nascimento, Flávia de Sousa Gehrke, Rosa Amélia Maldonado, Silvia Colombo, Luiz Jacintho da Silva, and Teresinha Tizu Sato Schumaker

Subjects
Brazilian spotted fever, Rickettsia rickettsii, ompB gene, Microbiology, QR1-502, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) cases have been increasing in the state of São Paulo but no genomic information about local rickettsia isolated from humans has been well documented. We recovered spotted-fever group rickettsiae from a sample of patient blood cultured in Vero cells using the shell vial technique. Rickettsial DNA fragments (gltA, ompA, and, ompB genes) were detected, and analysis of the ompB gene base sequences showed identity with the Rickettsia rickettsii ompB sequence available in the GenBank.

Published
2005
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16. [Untitled]

Author

Silvia Colombo

Subjects
Sociology (General), HM401-1281
Abstract

I giovani sono i protagonisti delle proteste di Piazza Tahrir che hanno portato alla caduta del regime di Mubarak nel febbraio 2011 e che continuano a tenere in scacco il futuro del paese tra bisogno di novità e continuità con il vecchio sistema. Il contributo intende riflettere sulle rivendicazioni dei giovani e sulle nuove modalità di partecipazione politica che essi propongono.

Published
2012
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17. Febre maculosa: isolamento de Rickettsia em amostra de biópsia de pele Spotted fever: Rickettsia isolation in skin biopsy sample

Author

Heloisa Helana B. Melles, Silvia Colombo, and Marcos Vinícius da Silva

Subjects
Febre Maculosa, Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsiose-sorologia, Rickettsiose-cultivo, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Presença de Rickettsia na pele de doente de Febre Maculosa foi evidenciada por inoculação intraperitoneal em cobaio. O diagnóstico sorológico por imunoflüorescência indireta revelou diferença de título de anticorpos específicos para Rickettsia rickettsii, de 4 vezes entre a 1º e a 3º amostra. Imunoglobulina M (IgM) específica foi detectada nas amostras de sangue, evidência de infecção em atividade ou recente. Foi também detectada a presença de anticorpos específicos para R. rickettsii no soro dos cobaios inoculados.A 2 years old child living in an area of the State of São Paulo, known in the past as endemic for rickettsiosis developed clinical evidences of spotted fever after a tick bite. Rickettsiae were isolated from guinea pigs inoculated with a skin homogenate. In sera tested by indirect immunofluorescence with Rickettsia rickettsii standard antigen, IgG specific antibody titers raised from 1:512 in the first sample to 1:2048 in the third one; IgM specific antibody titer was 1:128 in the three samples. Also positive were sera obtained from the inoculated guinea pigs. In the last 20 years no other case of rickettsial spotted fever has been confirmed by isolation of the agent in Brasil. To our knowlwdge, there are no previous reports of isolation of Rickettsiae through inoculation of skin biopsy homogenates.

Published
1992
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19. Antibodies for Rickettsia spp. in patients with negative serology for dengue virus, leptospirosis, and meningococcal disease in municipalities of São Paulo State, Brazil

Author

Juliana Anacleto Cabral Prata, Celso Eduardo de Souza, Rodrigo Nogueira Angerami, Taíse Marongio Cotrim de Moraes Barbosa, Fabiana Cristina Pereira dos Santos, Silvia Colombo, Vânia Martins Fontes Del Guercio, and Maria Rita Donalísio

Subjects
Brazilian spotted fever, Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia parkeri, Indirect immunofluorescence test, Differential diagnosis, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962
Abstract

Abstract INTRODUCTION Brazilian spotted fever is an infectious disease with a high mortality rate if not treated early. Differential diagnosis is difficult, as the first clinical signs are non-specific and can be confused with other diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate evidence of infection with Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia parkeri in negative sera samples, collected in 2014, from patients with suspected leptospirosis, dengue fever, and meningococcal disease in Atibaia and Bragança Paulista municipalities of the State of São Paulo. METHODS The samples stored at the Institute Adolfo Lutz in Campinas were tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with IgG and IgM against R. rickettsii and R. parkeri. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was performed for the sera samples of patients who died (n = 3), those with initial suspicion of meningococcal disease (n = 6), and those with positive IFA results. RESULTS Of 258 samples from Bragança Paulista, 4 (1.6%) were positive, with IgG titers of 1:64 and 1:128 against R. rickettsii and R. parkeri, respectively. Of 155 samples from Atibaia, 2 (1.3%) were positive, with IgG titers of 1:64 and 1:128 against R. rickettsii and R. parkeri, respectively. No sample showed positive PCR results. CONCLUSIONS This serological investigation suggests there is evidence of exposure to Rickettsia spp. in residents of areas that have environmental conditions favorable to the spread of bacteria, in which Brazilian spotted fever incidence was not previously confirmed.

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20. A fatal case of Brazilian spotted fever in a non-endemic area in Brazil: the importance of having health professionals who understand the disease and its areas of transmission

Author

Stefan Vilges de Oliveira, Eduardo Pacheco de Caldas, Silvia Colombo, Gilberto Salles Gazeta, Marcelo Bahia Labruna, Fabiana Cristina Pereira dos Santos, and Rodrigo Nogueira Angerami

Subjects
Rickettsial illness, Rickettsia rickettsia, Tick-borne diseases, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962
Abstract

Abstract Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii. Because of its high case-fatality rate and apparent increase in areas of transmission, it is considered to be the rickettsial illness of primary public health interest. Cases of this disease have historically occurred in Southeastern Brazil. This article reports the first fatal case of BSF in Southern Brazil. This case high lights the importance of BSF to be considered as a differential diagnosis for acute hemorrhagic fever in areas where cases of BSF may not be expected.

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24. Disjunct resident population of Melodious Lark Mirafra cheniana discovered in East Africa

Author

Brian W. Finch, R. Stratton Hatfield, Silvia Colombo, Adam S. Kennedy, Marije te Raa, Martin Irestedt, Dawid H. de Swardt, Joe Grosel, Derek Engelbrecht, Callan Cohen, Urban Olsson, Paul F. Donald, Peter Njoroge, Sylke Frahnert, Peter de Knijf, and Per Alström

Subjects
Faecal sample, Alaudidae, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Cryptic species, Song mimicry, Vocalisations, PE&RC, Zoology, Zoologi, Mirafra albicauda
Abstract

We describe the discovery of a previously unknown population of Melodious Lark Mirafra cheniana from northern Tanzania and southern Kenya, some 2000 km north of what was previously thought to be its northern limit in central Zimbabwe. The identification of this population as M. cheniana is based primarily on analyses of mitochondrial DNA and song. We also clarify relationships within this genus by sequencing material of White-tailed Lark Mirafra albicauda for the first time; although its relationships with other species in the group remain unclear, our analyses clearly show it to be different from M. cheniana in the newly discovered population. The discovery of a population of M. cheniana in East Africa conforms to a known pattern for closely related lark species to have disjunct distributions in southern and eastern Africa.

Published
2022

25. Development and validation of an owner‐assessed Visual Analog Scale for feline pruritus severity scoring ( <scp>VAScat</scp> )

Author

Silvia Colombo, Roberta Sartori, Carlo Schievano, and Stefano Borio

Subjects
Visual Analog Scale, General Veterinary, Pruritus, Cats, Animals, Cat Diseases
Abstract

Assessment of the severity of pruritus is difficult in cats, because they manifest discomfort by increased licking, increased scratching or both.Our objective was to develop and validate a feline-specific pruritus scale (VAScat).The scale was designed as a double Visual Analog Scale (VAS), one VAS for licking and one for scratching, with severity and behavioural descriptors. The highest score (VAS-max) on either VAS was taken as the pruritus score for each cat. Owners of 153 cats with skin diseases and of 108 healthy cats scored their pet's pruritus using the VAScat. Ninety-six of 153 cats with skin diseases also were re-evaluated after four to eight weeks of treatment.Pearson's correlation value between VAS-licking and VAS-scratching scores was r = 0.26 (p 0.01), and Cronbach's alpha was 0.41. Both indexes indicated that the two scales measure different manifestations of pruritus and supported the use of a dual assessing system. Comparison with a numerical pruritus severity scale (0, absent; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe) suggested that VAS-licking and VAS-scratching scales taken alone are unsuitable for measuring absent to mild pruritus (grades 0-1), while VAS-max is (p = 0.001). VAS-licking, VAS-scratching and VAS-max all were suitable to assess higher levels of pruritus (grades 2-3, p 0.01). The VAScat was able to measure pruritus improvement following therapy, as post-treatment scores were significantly decreased compared to pre-treatment ones (p 0.0001).The VAScat proved to be a useful tool to assess pruritus in cats and for monitoring the response to treatment for pruritus.L'évaluation de la gravité du prurit est difficile chez les chats, car ils manifestent une gêne par un léchage accru et/ou un grattage accru. Hypothèses/Objectifs : Notre objectif était de développer et de valider une échelle de prurit spécifique au félin (EVAcat). Méthodes : L'échelle a été conçue comme une double échelle visuelle analogique (EVA), une EVA pour le léchage et une pour le grattage, avec des descripteurs de gravité et de comportement. Le score le plus élevé (VAS-max) sur l'un ou l'autre VAS a été pris comme score de prurit pour chaque chat. Les propriétaires de 153 chats atteints de maladies de la peau et de 108 chats en bonne santé ont noté le prurit de leur animal à l'aide du VAScat. Quatre-vingt-seize des 153 chats atteints de maladies de peau ont également été réévalués après quatre à huit semaines de traitement. Résultats : La valeur de corrélation de Pearson entre les scores de léchage VAS et de grattage VAS était de r = 0,26 (p 0,01) et l'alpha de Cronbach était de 0,41. Les deux indices ont indiqué que les deux échelles mesurent différentes manifestations de prurit et ont soutenu l'utilisation d'un système d'évaluation double. La comparaison avec une échelle numérique de sévérité du prurit (0, absent ; 1, léger ; 2, modéré ; 3, sévère) a suggéré que les échelles EVA de léchage et de grattage prises seules ne conviennent pas pour mesurer le prurit absent à léger (grades 0-1), tandis que VAS-max l’est (p = 0,001). Le léchage VAS, le grattage VAS et le VAS-max étaient tous appropriés pour évaluer des niveaux plus élevés de prurit (grades 2-3, p 0,01). Le VAScat a pu mesurer l'amélioration du prurit après le traitement, car les scores post-traitement ont été significativement diminués par rapport à ceux avant traitement (p 0,0001). Conclusions et importance clinique : Le VAScat s'est avéré être un outil utile pour évaluer le prurit chez le chat et pour surveiller la réponse au traitement du prurit.Introducción- la evaluación de la severidad del prurito es difícil en gatos, porque manifiestan malestar lamiéndose o rascándose más o ambos a la vez. Hipótesis/Objetivos- Nuestro objetivo fue desarrollar y validar una escala de prurito específica para felinos (VAScat). Métodos- La escala fue diseñada como una doble Escala Visual Análoga (EVAS), una VAS para lamido y otras para rascado, con descriptores de severidad y comportamiento. La puntuación más alta (VAS-max) en cualquiera de las VAS se tomó como la puntuación de prurito para cada gato. Los propietarios de 153 gatos con enfermedades de la piel y de 108 gatos sanos calificaron el prurito de sus mascotas con el VAScat. Noventa y seis de 153 gatos con enfermedades de la piel también fueron reevaluados después de cuatro a ocho semanas de tratamiento. Resultados- el valor de correlación de Pearson entre las puntuaciones de VAS-lamerse y VAS-rascarse fue r = 0,26 (p 0,01), y el alfa de Cronbach fue 0,41. Ambos índices indicaron que las dos escalas miden diferentes manifestaciones de prurito y apoyaron el uso de un sistema de evaluación dual. La comparación con una escala numérica de gravedad del prurito (0, ausente; 1, leve; 2, moderado; 3, severo) sugirió que las escalas VAS-lamerse y VAS-rascarse tomadas solas no son adecuadas para medir el prurito ausente o leve (grados 0-1) , mientras que VAS-max sí que lo es (p = 0,001). VAS-lamerse, VAS-rascarse y VAS-max fueron adecuados para evaluar niveles más altos de prurito (grados 2-3, p 0,01). El VAScat pudo medir la mejora del prurito después de la terapia, ya que las puntuaciones posteriores al tratamiento se redujeron significativamente en comparación con las anteriores al tratamiento (p 0,0001). Conclusiones e importancia clínica- El VAScat demostró ser una herramienta útil para evaluar el prurito en gatos y para monitorizar la respuesta al tratamiento del prurito.Hintergrund - Eine Erfassung des Schweregrads des Pruritus ist bei Katzen schwierig, da sie ihr Unwohlsein durch verstärktes Lecken, zunehmendes Kratzen oder beides ausdrücken. Hypothese/Ziele - Unser Ziel war es, eine Katzen-spezifische Juckreiz Skala (VAScat) zu entwickeln und zu validieren. Methoden - Die Skala war als doppelte Visual Analog Skala (VAS) entwickelt worden, wobei eine VAS fürs Lecken und eine fürs Kratzen, mit Deskriptoren für Schweregrad und Verhalten, diente. Der höchste Wert (VAS-max) bei beiden VAS wurde als Pruritus Grad für jede Katze herangezogen. BesitzerInnen von 153 Katzen mit Hauterkrankungen und 108 gesunden Katzen beurteilten den Juckreiz ihrer Tiere mittels VAScat. Neunundsechzig von 153 Katzen mit Hauterkrankungen wurden außerdem nach vier und acht Wochen der Behandlung neuerlich evaluiert. Ergebnisse - Der Korrelationskoeffizient nach Pearson zwischen den Werten VAS-Lecken und VAS-Kratzen betrug r = 0,26 (p 0,01), das Cronbach´sche Alpha lag bei 0,41. Beide Indices zeigten, dass durch die beiden Skalen unterschiedliche Manifestationen des Pruritus gemessen wurden und unterstützten die Verwendung des dualen Beurteilungssystems. Der Vergleich mit einer numerischen Pruritus Schwergrad Skala (0, nicht vorhanden; 1, mild; 2, moderat; 3, hochgradig) zeigte, dass die Skala von VAS-Lecken und VAS-Kratzen allein zur Messung von nicht vorhandenem oder mildem Juckreiz (Grad 0-1) unpassend waren, während das bei VAS-max nicht der Fall war (p = 0,001). VAS-Lecken, VAS-Kratzen und VAS-max waren alle passend, um höhere Juckreizgrade (Grad 2-3, p 0,01) zu beurteilen. Die VATScat konnte eine Verbesserung des Juckreizes nach einer Therapie messen, da die Werte nach der Behandlung signifikant niedriger waren im Vergleich zu jenen vor der Behandlung (p 0,0001). Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Bedeutung - Die VATScat zeigte sich als nützliches Hilfsmittel, um Juckreiz bei Katzen zu erfassen und zum Monitoring des Pruritus nach einer Behandlung.背景- 猫の痒みの重症度は、舐める回数が増える、引っ掻く回数が増える、あるいはその両方によって不快感を示すため、評価が困難である。 仮説・目的- 猫特有の掻痒感評価尺度(VAScat)を開発し、その妥当性を確認することを目的とした。 方法- この尺度は、2つのVisual Analog Scale(VAS)として設計され、1つは舐めること(licking)、もう1つは引っ掻くこと(scratching)を表し、重症度および行動の記述子を備えている。いずれかのVASの最高得点(VAS-max)を各猫の掻痒の得点とした。皮膚疾患を持つ猫153匹と健常猫108匹の飼い主が、VAScatを使用してペットの掻痒感を採点した。また、153頭の皮膚病猫のうち96頭は、治療開始4~8週間後に再評価した。 結果- VAS-lickingとVAS-scratchingの得点間のPearsonの相関値はr = 0.26(p 0.01)、Cronbachのαは0.41であった。両指標は、2つの尺度が異なる掻痒の症状を測定していることを示し、二重評価システムの使用を支持した。数値的な掻痒重症度尺度(0:なし；1:軽度；2:中等度；3:重度)との比較により、VAS-lickingおよびVAS-scratching尺度単独では、掻痒の欠如から軽度(0~1度)の測定には適さないが、VAS-maxは適していることが示唆された(p=0.001)。VAS-licking、VAS-scratchingおよびVAS-maxはすべて、より高いレベルの掻痒(グレード2~3、p 0.01)を評価するのに適していた。VAScatは治療後の掻痒の改善を測定することができ、治療前のスコアと比較して治療後のスコアは有意に減少していた(p 0.0001)。 結論と臨床的重要性 VAScatは、猫の掻痒を評価し、掻痒症の治療に対する反応をモニタリングするための有用なツールであることが証明された。.背景:在猫中难以评估瘙痒的严重程度，因为其通过舔舐增加、抓挠增加或两者同时出现，以表达其不适。 假设/目的:我们的目的是开发和验证猫特异性瘙痒量表 (VAScat)。 方法:该量表设计为双视觉模拟量表 (VAS)，一个 VAS 用于舔，一个 VAS 用于抓挠，具有严重程度和行为描述符。将任一 VAS 的最高评分 (VAS-max) 作为每只猫的瘙痒评分。153只患有皮肤病的猫和108只健康猫的主人使用 VAScat 对其宠物的瘙痒进行评分。153只患有皮肤病的猫中有96只在治疗4-8周后也进行了重新评价。 结果:VAS舔和 VAS 搔抓评分之间的 Pearson 相关性值为r = 0.26(p 0.01)，Cronbach’sα为0.41。两个指标均表明，两个量表测量了瘙痒的不同表现，并支持使用双重评估系统。与瘙痒严重程度数字量表(0，无；1，轻度；2，中度；3，重度)的比较表明，单独使用 VAS 舔舐和 VAS 搔抓量表不适合测量无至轻度瘙痒(0-1级)，而 VAS-max 是 (p = 0.001)。VAS 舔舐、VAS搔抓和 VAS-max 均适用于评估较高水平的瘙痒(2-3级，p 0.01)。VAScat 能够测量治疗后的瘙痒改善，因为治疗后评分与治疗前相比显著降低 (p 0.0001)。 结论和临床重要性:已证明 VAScat 是评估猫瘙痒和监测瘙痒治疗反应的有用工具。.Contexto - A avaliação da gravidade do prurido em gatos é difícil, pois eles manifestam desconforto pelo aumento da lambedura, coçam-se mais ou os dois. Hipótese/Objetivos: Nosso objetivo foi desenvolver e validar uma escala de prurido específica para felinos (VAScat). Métodos - A escala foi desenvolvida como uma escala analógica visual (VAS) dupla, uma VAS para lambedura e uma para coceira, com descrição de gravidade e de comportamento. O escore mais alto (VAS-max) em ambas as VAS foi considerado o escore de prurido para cada gato. Donos de 153 gatos com doença de pele e de 108 gatos saudáveis classificaram o prurido dos seus animais utilizando o VAScat. Noventa e seis de 153 gatos com doenças de pele também foram reavaliados após quatro de oito semanas de tratamento. Resultados - O valor de correlação de Pearson entre os escores de VAS-lambedura e o VAS-coceira foi r = 0,26 (p 0,01), e o alfa de Cronbach foi 0,41. Ambos os índices indicaram que as duas escalas de mensuraram manifestações diferentes de prurido e confirmaram a necessidade do uso de um sistema duplo de avaliação. A comparação com uma escala numérica de gravidade de prurido (0, ausente; 1, leve; 2, moderado; 3, grave) sugeriu que as escalas VAS-lambedura e VAS-coceira isoladamente são ineficazes para a mensuração de prurido ausente a leve (notas 0-1), enquanto o VAS-max é adequado para tal (p = 0,001). VAS-lambedura, VAS-coceira e VAS-max são todas eficazes para avaliar graus de prurido mais altos (notas 2-3, p 0.01). A VAScat foi capaz de mensurar a melhora do prurido após o tratamento, os escores pós-tratamento foram significativamente menores comparados aos pré-tratamento (p 0.0001). Conclusões e importância clínica - O VAScat provou ser uma ferramenta útil para avaliar o prurido em gatos e para o monitoramento da resposta ao tratamento para prurido.

Published
2022

26. Pemphigus foliaceus in cats

Author

Silvia Colombo

Subjects
General Computer Science
Abstract

Pemphigus foliaceus is the most common autoimmune skin disease in cats. Autoantibodies attack and destroy desmosomes, the structures connecting one keratinocyte to the other, causing what is clinically recognised as a pustular dermatitis. The target autoantigen within the desmosome is unknown in cats. The disease occurs more frequently in middle-aged cats and involves predominantly the pinnae, head and feet, including the claw folds. Clinical lesions include superficial erosions and honey-coloured crusts, alopecia, scaling and caseous material that can be expressed out of the claw folds, while pustules are rarely appreciated. Cats may be systemically ill. Diagnosis requires cytology and histopathology, as well as ruling out dermatophytosis and bacterial infections. Treatment is based on glucocorticoid monotherapy. Other immunomodulatory drugs, such as ciclosporin or chlorambucil, may be added to reduce the glucocorticoid requirement. The prognosis is good, but regular checks-ups are mandatory because of potential relapse and possible adverse effects of the drugs used.

Published
2022

29. Europe and the ‘New’ Middle East

Author

Eduard Soler i Lecha and Silvia Colombo

Subjects
History, Geography, Middle East, Range (biology), Political Science and International Relations, Economic geography, Geopolitics
Abstract

The Middle East has witnessed major geopolitical shifts since 2011 that range from the growing influence of the Gulf states, the pivot to Africa of many of the region’s countries and the new dynami...

Published
2021

30. Renal safety in 3264 HCV patients treated with DAA-based regimens: Results from a large Italian real-life study

Author

Alessandra Brocchieri, Marta Borghi, Angelo Pan, Mariella Di Marco, Silvia Colombo, Chiara Molteni, Natalia Terreni, Paolo Poggio, Alberto Colombo, De Silvestri Annalisa, Riccardo Centenaro, Luisa Pasulo, Paolo Viganò, Maria Cristina Vinci, Marie Graciella Pigozzi, Stefano Fagiuoli, Pietro Lampertico, Sergio Lazzaroni, Sherrie Bhoori, Massimo Zuin, Franco Noventa, Alessio Aghemo, Barbara Menzaghi, Andrea Lombardi, Franco Maggiolo, I. Fanetti, Alessia Giorgini, Massimo Puoti, Emanuela Messina, Paolo Grossi, Roberta D'Ambrosio, Pietro Invernizzi, Monia Mendeni, Daniele Bella, E. Dionigi, Ombretta Spinelli, Maria Teresa Taddei, Pietro Pozzoni, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Elisabetta Buscarini, Angiola Spinetti, Serena Zaltron, D'Ambrosio, R, Pasulo, L, Giorgini, A, Spinetti, A, Messina, E, Fanetti, I, Puoti, M, Aghemo, A, Vigano, P, Vinci, M, Menzaghi, B, Lombardi, A, Pan, A, Pigozzi, M, Grossi, P, Lazzaroni, S, Spinelli, O, Invernizzi, P, Maggiolo, F, Terreni, N, Monforte, A, Poggio, P, Taddei, M, Colombo, S, Pozzoni, P, Molteni, C, Brocchieri, A, Bhoori, S, Buscarini, E, Centenaro, R, Mendeni, M, Colombo, A, Di Marco, M, Dionigi, E, Bella, D, Borghi, M, Zuin, M, Zaltron, S, Noventa, F, Annalisa, D, Lampertico, P, and Fagiuoli, S

Subjects
Male, Sustained Virologic Response, Sofosbuvir, Hepacivirus, Kidney, urologic and male genital diseases, Gastroenterology, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, MED/12 - GASTROENTEROLOGIA, eGFR, Aged, 80 and over, Hepatitis C, Middle Aged, medicine.anatomical_structure, Italy, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Cohort study, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, SVR, Genotype, Renal function, CKD, Antiviral Agents, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Hepatology, business.industry, Ribavirin, Retrospective cohort study, Hepatitis C, Chronic, medicine.disease, Logistic Models, chemistry, business, Kidney disease
Abstract

Background: Sofosbuvir (SOF)-based regimens have been associated with renal function worsening in HCV patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤ 45 ml/min, but further investigations are lacking. Aim: To assess renal safety in a large cohort of DAA-treated HCV patients with any chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: All HCV patients treated with DAA in Lombardy (December 2014–November 2017) with available kidney function tests during and off-treatment were included. Results: Among 3264 patients [65% males, 67% cirrhotics, eGFR 88 (9–264) ml/min], CKD stage was 3 in 9.5% and 4/5 in 0.7%. 79% and 73% patients received SOF and RBV, respectively. During DAA, eGFR declined in CKD-1 (p < 0.0001) and CKD-2 (p = 0.0002) patients, with corresponding rates of CKD stage reduction of 25% and 8%. Conversely, eGFR improved in lower CKD stages (p < 0.0001 in CKD-3a, p = 0.0007 in CKD-3b, p = 0.024 in CKD-4/5), with 33–45% rates of CKD improvement. Changes in eGFR and CKD distribution persisted at SVR. Baseline independent predictors of CKD worsening at EOT and SVR were age (p < 0.0001), higher baseline CKD stages (p < 0.0001) and AH (p = 0.010 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: During DAA, eGFR significantly declined in patients with preserved renal function and improved in those with lower CKD stages, without reverting upon drug discontinuation.

Published
2020

31. Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Treatment of Brain Metastases during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Author

Virginia Arienti, Francesco Musca, Alessandro La Camera, Marco Picano, Filippo Leocata, Luca Berta, Angelo Filippo Monti, Hae Song Mainardi, Mauro Palazzi, Silvia Colombo, and Francesco Maria Crisà

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), medicine.medical_treatment, Pneumonia, Viral, Specialty, Radiosurgery, Disease cluster, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, Technical Report, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, Humans, Medicine, Pandemics, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Brain Neoplasms, SARS-CoV-2, Gamma Knife, business.industry, General surgery, Public health, COVID-19, Outbreak, Brain metastases, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Italy, Female, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Coronavirus Infections, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Introduction: The WHO declared 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a public health emergency of international concern. The National and Regional Health System has been reorganized, and many oncological patients died during this period or had to interrupt their therapies. This study summarizes a single-centre experience, during the COVID-19 period in Italy, in the treatment of brain metastases with Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKRS). Methods: We retrospectively analysed our series of patients with brain metastases who underwent GKRS at the Niguarda Hospital from February 24 to April 24, 2020. Results: We treated 30 patients with 66 brain metastases. A total of 22 patients came from home and 8 patients were admitted to the emergency room for urgent neurological symptoms. Duration of stay was limited to 0–1 day in 17 patients. We chose to treat a cluster of 9 patients, whose greater lesion exceeded 10 cm3, with 2-stage modality GKRS to minimize tumour recurrence and radiation necrosis. Conclusion: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the whole world is at a critical crossroads about the use of health care resources. During the COVID-19 outbreak, the deferral of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and a work backlog in every medical specialty are the natural consequences of reservation of resources for COVID-19 patients. GKRS improved symptoms and reduced the need for open surgeries, allowing many patients to continue their therapeutic path and sparing beds in ICUs. Neurosurgeons have to take into account the availability of stereotactic radiosurgery to reduce hospital stay, conciliating safety for patients and operators with the request for health care coming from the oncological patients and their families.

Published
2020

32. Deconstructing the flight paths of hippocampal-lesioned homing pigeons as they navigate near home offers insight into spatial perception and memory without a hippocampus

Author

Anna Gagliardo, Sara Cioccarelli, Dimitri Giunchi, Enrica Pollonara, Silvia Colombo, Giovanni Casini, and Verner P. Bingman

Subjects
Behavioral Neuroscience, Homing Behavior, Flight, Animal, Orientation, Space Perception, Animals, Columbidae, Hippocampus
Abstract

The aim of this study was to exploit detailed analyses of GPS-recorded tracks to better characterise the impact of hippocampal (HF) lesion on spatial memory and perception in the context of homing pigeon navigation when reliant on familiar landscape features near the home loft following repeated releases from the same three locations. As reported previously, following HF lesion, a low spatio-temporal resolution analysis revealed that homing pigeons fly less direct paths home once near the loft. We now further show that 1) HF-lesioned pigeons are less likely to display fidelity to a particular flight path home when released from the same locations multiple times, 2) intact pigeons are more likely to exploit leading-line landscape features, e.g., a road or the border of a woodlot, in developing flight-path fidelity and 3) even when flying a straight path HF-lesioned homing pigeons are more likely to display relatively rapid, oscillatory heading changes as if casting about for sensory, presumably visual information. The flight behaviour differences between the intact and HF-lesioned pigeons persisted across the four releases from the three locations, although the differences became smaller with increasing experience. Taken together, the GPS-track data offer a detailed characterisation of the effects of HF lesion on landscape-based, homing pigeon navigation, offering new insight into the role of the hippocampal formation in supporting memory-related, e.g., fidelity to a familiar route home, and perhaps perceptual-related, e.g., oscillating headings, navigational processes.

Published
2023

33. Corrigendum to ‘An international genome-wide meta-analysis of primary biliary cholangitis: Novel risk loci and candidate drugs’ [J Hepatol 2021;75(3):572–581]

Author

Heather J. Cordell, James J. Fryett, Kazuko Ueno, Rebecca Darlay, Yoshihiro Aiba, Yuki Hitomi, Minae Kawashima, Nao Nishida, Seik-Soon Khor, Olivier Gervais, Yosuke Kawai, Masao Nagasaki, Katsushi Tokunaga, Ruqi Tang, Yongyong Shi, Zhiqiang Li, Brian D. Juran, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Alessio Gerussi, Marco Carbone, Rosanna Asselta, Angela Cheung, Mariza de Andrade, Aris Baras, Julie Horowitz, Manuel A.R. Ferreira, Dylan Sun, David E. Jones, Steven Flack, Ann Spicer, Victoria L. Mulcahy, Jinyoung Byun, Younghun Han, Richard N. Sandford, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Christopher I. Amos, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Michael F. Seldin, Pietro Invernizzi, Katherine A. Siminovitch, Xiong Ma, Minoru Nakamura, George F. Mells, Andrew Mason, Catherine Vincent, Gang Xie, Jinyi Zhang, Andrea Affronti, Piero L. Almasio, Domenico Alvaro, Pietro Andreone, Angelo Andriulli, Francesco Azzaroli, Pier Maria Battezzati, Antonio Benedetti, Maria Consiglia Bragazzi, Maurizia Brunetto, Savino Bruno, Vincenza Calvaruso, Vincenzo Cardinale, Giovanni Casella, Nora Cazzagon, Antonio Ciaccio, Barbara Coco, Agostino Colli, Guido Colloredo, Massimo Colombo, Silvia Colombo, Laura Cristoferi, Carmela Cursaro, Lory Saveria Crocè, Andrea Crosignani, Daphne D’Amato, Francesca Donato, Gianfranco Elia, Luca Fabris, Stefano Fagiuoli, Carlo Ferrari, Annarosa Floreani, Andrea Galli, Edoardo Giannini, Ignazio Grattagliano, Pietro Lampertico, Ana Lleo, Federica Malinverno, Clara Mancuso, Fabio Marra, Marco Marzioni, Sara Massironi, Alberto Mattalia, Luca Miele, Chiara Milani, Lorenzo Morini, Filomena Morisco, Luigi Muratori, Paolo Muratori, Grazia A. Niro, Sarah O’Donnell, Antonio Picciotto, Piero Portincasa, Cristina Rigamonti, Vincenzo Ronca, Floriano Rosina, Giancarlo Spinzi, Mario Strazzabosco, Mirko Tarocchi, Claudio Tiribelli, Pierluigi Toniutto, Luca Valenti, Maria Vinci, Massimo Zuin, Hitomi Nakamura, Seigo Abiru, Shinya Nagaoka, Atsumasa Komori, Hiroshi Yatsuhashi, Hiromi Ishibashi, Masahiro Ito, Kiyoshi Migita, Hiromasa Ohira, Shinji Katsushima, Atsushi Naganuma, Kazuhiro Sugi, Tatsuji Komatsu, Tomohiko Mannami, Kouki Matsushita, Kaname Yoshizawa, Fujio Makita, Toshiki Nikami, Hideo Nishimura, Hiroshi Kouno, Hirotaka Kouno, Hajime Ota, Takuya Komura, Yoko Nakamura, Masaaki Shimada, Noboru Hirashima, Toshiki Komeda, Keisuke Ario, Makoto Nakamuta, Tsutomu Yamashita, Kiyoshi Furuta, Masahiro Kikuchi, Noriaki Naeshiro, Hironao Takahashi, Yutaka Mano, Seiji Tsunematsu, Iwao Yabuuchi, Yusuke Shimada, Kazuhiko Yamauchi, Rie Sugimoto, Hironori Sakai, Eiji Mita, Masaharu Koda, Satoru Tsuruta, Hiroshi Kamitsukasa, Takeaki Sato, Naohiko Masaki, Tatsuro Kobata, Nobuyoshi Fukushima, Yukio Ohara, Toyokichi Muro, Eiichi Takesaki, Hitoshi Takaki, Tetsuo Yamamoto, Michio Kato, Yuko Nagaoki, Shigeki Hayashi, Jinya Ishida, Yukio Watanabe, Masakazu Kobayashi, Michiaki Koga, Takeo Saoshiro, Michiyasu Yagura, Keisuke Hirata, Atsushu Tanaka, Hajime Takikawa, Mikio Zeniya, Masanori Abe, Morikazu Onji, Shuichi Kaneko, Masao Honda, Kuniaki Arai, Teruko Arinaga-Hino, Etsuko Hashimoto, Makiko Taniai, Takeji Umemura, Satoru Joshita, Kazuhiko Nakao, Tatsuki Ichikawa, Hidetaka Shibata, Satoshi Yamagiwa, Masataka Seike, Koichi Honda, Shotaro Sakisaka, Yasuaki Takeyama, Masaru Harada, Michio Senju, Osamu Yokosuka, Tatsuo Kanda, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Kentaro Kikuchi, Hirotoshi Ebinuma, Takashi Himoto, Michio Yasunami, Kazumoto Murata, Masashi Mizokami, Kazuhito Kawata, Shinji Shimoda, Yasuhiro Miyake, Akinobu Takaki, Kazuhide Yamamoto, Katsuji Hirano, Takafumi Ichida, Akio Ido, Hirohito Tsubouchi, Kazuaki Chayama, Kenichi Harada, Yasuni Nakanuma, Yoshihiko Maehara, Akinobu Taketomi, Ken Shirabe, Yuji Soejima, Akira Mori, Shintaro Yagi, Shinji Uemoto, Egawa H, Tomohiro Tanaka, Noriyo Yamashiki, Sumito Tamura, Yasuhiro Sugawara, Norihiro Kokudo, Naga Chalasani, Vel Luketic, Joseph Odin, Kapil Chopra, Goncalo Abecasis, Michael Cantor, Giovanni Coppola, Aris Economides, Luca A. Lotta, John D. Overton, Jeffrey G. Reid, Alan Shuldiner, Christina Beechert, Caitlin Forsythe, Erin D. Fuller, Zhenhua Gu, Michael Lattari, Alexander Lopez, Thomas D. Schleicher, Maria Sotiropoulos Padilla, Karina Toledo, Louis Widom, Sarah E. Wolf, Manasi Pradhan, Kia Manoochehri, Ricardo H. Ulloa, Xiaodong Bai, Suganthi Balasubramanian, Leland Barnard, Andrew Blumenfeld, Gisu Eom, Lukas Habegger, Alicia Hawes, Shareef Khalid, Evan K. Maxwell, William Salerno, Jeffrey C. Staples, Marcus B. Jones, Lyndon J. Mitnaul, Richard Sturgess, Christopher Healey, Andrew Yeoman, Anton V.J. Gunasekera, Paul Kooner, Kapil Kapur, V. Sathyanarayana, Yiannis Kallis, Javaid Subhani, Rory Harvey, Roger McCorry, Paul Rooney, David Ramanaden, Richard Evans, Thiriloganathan Mathialahan, Jaber Gasem, Christopher Shorrock, Mahesh Bhalme, Paul Southern, Jeremy A. Tibble, David A. Gorard, Susan Jones, George Mells, Victoria Mulcahy, Brijesh Srivastava, Matthew R. Foxton, Carole E. Collins, David Elphick, Mazn Karmo, Francisco Porras-Perez, Michael Mendall, Tom Yapp, Minesh Patel, Roland Ede, Joanne Sayer, James Jupp, Neil Fisher, Martyn J. Carter, Konrad Koss, Jayshri Shah, Andrzej Piotrowicz, Glyn Scott, Charles Grimley, Ian R. Gooding, Simon Williams, Judith Tidbury, Guan Lim, Kuldeep Cheent, Sass Levi, Dina Mansour, Matilda Beckley, Coral Hollywood, Terry Wong, Richard Marley, John Ramage, Harriet M. Gordon, Jo Ridpath, Theodore Ngatchu, Vijay Paul Bob Grover, Ray G. Shidrawi, George Abouda, L. Corless, Mark Narain, Ian Rees, Ashley Brown, Simon Taylor-Robinson, Joy Wilkins, Leonie Grellier, Paul Banim, Debasish Das, Michael A. Heneghan, Howard Curtis, Helen C. Matthews, Faiyaz Mohammed, Mark Aldersley, Raj Srirajaskanthan, Giles Walker, Alistair McNair, Amar Sharif, Sambit Sen, George Bird, Martin I. Prince, Geeta Prasad, Paul Kitchen, Adrian Barnardo, Chirag Oza, Nurani N. Sivaramakrishnan, Prakash Gupta, Amir Shah, Chris D.J. Evans, Subrata Saha, Katharine Pollock, Peter Bramley, Ashis Mukhopadhya, Stephen T. Barclay, Natasha McDonald, Andrew J. Bathgate, Kelvin Palmer, John F. Dillon, Simon M. Rushbrook, Robert Przemioslo, Chris McDonald, Andrew Millar, Cheh Tai, Stephen Mitchell, Jane Metcalf, Syed Shaukat, Mary Ninkovic, Udi Shmueli, Andrew Davis, Asifabbas Naqvi, Tom J.W. Lee, Stephen Ryder, Jane Collier, Howard Klass, Matthew E. Cramp, Nichols Sharer, Richard Aspinall, Deb Ghosh, Andrew C. Douds, Jonathan Booth, Earl Williams, Hyder Hussaini, John Christie, Steven Mann, Douglas Thorburn, Aileen Marshall, Imran Patanwala, Aftab Ala, Julia Maltby, Ray Matthew, Chris Corbett, Sam Vyas, Saket Singhal, Dermot Gleeson, Sharat Misra, Jeff Butterworth, Keith George, Tim Harding, Andrew Douglass, Harriet Mitchison, Simon Panter, Jeremy Shearman, Gary Bray, Michael Roberts, Graham Butcher, Daniel Forton, Zahid Mahmood, Matthew Cowan, Debashis Das, Chin Lye Ch'ng, Mesbah Rahman, Gregory C.A. Whatley, Emma Wesley, Aditya Mandal, Sanjiv Jain, Stephen P. Pereira, Mark Wright, Palak Trivedi, Fiona H. Gordon, Esther Unitt, Altaf Palejwala, Andrew Austin, Vishwaraj Vemala, Allister Grant, Andrew D. Higham, Alison Brind, Ray Mathew, Mark Cox, Subramaniam Ramakrishnan, Alistair King, Simon Whalley, Jocelyn Fraser, S.J. Thomson, Andrew Bell, Voi Shim Wong, Richard Kia, Ian Gee, Richard Keld, Rupert Ransford, James Gotto, and Charles Millson

Subjects
Science & Technology, Hepatology, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Italian PBC Study Group, Japan-PBC-GWAS Consortium, UK-PBC Consortium, Chinese PBC Consortium, 1103 Clinical Sciences, US PBC Consortium, Canadian PBC Consortium, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, PBC Consortia, 1117 Public Health and Health Services
Published
2021

34. Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in Different Ready to Eat Foods from Large Retailers and Canteens over a 2-Year Period in Northern Italy

Author

Marta Castrica, Giulio Curone, Claudia Balzaretti, Egon Andoni, Valentina Terio, Francesca Romana Massacci, India Intraina, Silvia Colombo, and Emma Copelotti

Subjects
Salmonella, risk analysis, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Colony Count, Microbial, Food Contamination, Ready to eat, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Group B, Listeria monocytogenes, Prevalence, medicine, Food microbiology, Food science, foodborne, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, RTE food, Cooked food, Food safety, Northern italy, food safety, Salmonella spp, Food Microbiology, Medicine, business
Abstract

This study aims to give an overview of the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in 9727 samples (2996 for L. monocytogenes and 6731 for Salmonella spp.) from different categories of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, collected over 2 years from 28 large retailers and 148 canteens in the regions of northern Italy. The RTE samples were classified into two groups according to the preparation methods: (i) multi-ingredient preparations consisting of fully cooked food ready for immediate consumption, or with minimal further handling before consumption (Group A), and (ii) multi-ingredient preparations consisting of cooked and uncooked food, or preparations consisting of only raw ingredients (Group B). L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were investigated in both of these categories. The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. was 0.13% and 0.07%, respectively. More specifically, L. monocytogenes was found in 0.04% of 2442 analysed RTE food samples belonging to group A and in 0.54% of 554 samples belonging to group B. Furthermore, 0.03% of 5367 RTE food samples from group A and 0.21% of 1364 samples from group B tested positive for Salmonella spp. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study can provide a significant contribution to L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. risk analysis in RTE foods.

Published
2021
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35. Ear tip ulcerative dermatitis treated with oclacitinib in 25 dogs: a retrospective case series

Author

Luisa Cornegliani, Alessandra Fondati, Silvia Colombo, and Antonella Vercelli

Subjects
Doxycycline, medicine.medical_specialty, Sulfonamides, General Veterinary, Oclacitinib, business.industry, Atopic dermatitis, medicine.disease, Ciclosporin, Dermatology, Tacrolimus, Dermatitis, Atopic, Dogs, Pyrimidines, Skin Ulcer, medicine, Animals, Clinical significance, Ulcerative dermatitis, Dog Diseases, business, Direct fluorescent antibody, medicine.drug, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Ear tip ulcerative dermatitis (ETUD) is an uncommon clinical reaction pattern in canine dermatology. The lesions are suggestive of vascular damage which may be caused by inflammatory or noninflammatory diseases, and often are idiopathic. Therapeutic options for ETUD include topical glucocorticoids or tacrolimus, pentoxifylline, vitamin E, doxycycline, tetracycline and niacinamide, sulfonamides, glucocorticoids, ciclosporin and surgical correction.The aims of this retrospective case series were to describe the clinical features and report response to treatment with oclacitinib in dogs with idiopathic, chronic ETUD.Twenty-five privately owned dogs with unilateral or bilateral ETUD.Cases of ETUD which were poorly responsive to conventional therapy and subsequently treated with oclacitinib, are summarised. All cases were tested for leishmaniosis by serological examination [indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]. Histopathological examination was performed in two cases.Serological results were negative for leishmaniosis in all dogs. Histopathological changes consistent with proliferative thrombovascular necrosis of the pinnae were documented in two cases. Oclacitinib, used at the standard dose range recommended for the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis, effectively resolved ETUD in 22 of 25 dogs within one to three months. Several of the dogs required prolonged use of twice daily dosing.Oclacitinib should be included among the therapeutic options for ETUD, once infectious diseases have been ruled out.L'ETUD (Ear Tip Ulcerative Dermatitis) est un patron réactionnel clinique rare en dermatologie canine. Les lésions sont suggestives d'un dommage vasculaire qui peut être causé par des maladies inflammatoires ou non inflammatoires, souvent idiopathiques. Les options thérapeutiques pour ETUD comprennent les corticoïdes topiques, le tacrolimus, la pentoxifylline, la vitamine E, la doxycycline, la tétracycline et niacinamide, les sulfonamides, les corticoïdes, la ciclosporine et la chirurgie. HYPOTHÈSES/OBJECTIFS: Les buts de cette série rétrospective de cas étaient de décrire les données cliniques et rapporter les réponses aux traitements avec l’oclacitinib chez les chiens avec ETUD chronique idiopathique.Vingt-cinq chiens de propriétaire avec ETUD unilatérale ou bilatérale. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Les cas d’ETUD qui répondaient mal au traitement conventionnel et ainsi traités avec de l’oclacitinib, ont été résumés. Tous les cas ont été testés pour leishmaniose par examen sérologique [indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) ou enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]. L’examen histopathologique a été réalisé pour deux cas. RÉSULTATS: Les résultats sérologiques étaient négatifs pour la leishmaniose pour tous les chiens. Les changements histopathologiques consistaient en une nécrose thrombovasculaire proliférative des pavillons, documentés dans deux cas. L’oclacitinib, utilisé à la dose standard recommandée pour le traitement de la dermatite atopique canine, a été efficace pour 22 des 25 chiens en un à trois mois. Plusieurs des chiens ont nécessité un traitement prolongé d’une dose deux fois par jour.L’oclacitinib devrait être incluse dans les options thérapeutiques de l’ETUD, lorsque les infections ont été éliminées.INTRODUCCIÓN: la dermatitis ulcerativa de la punta del oído (ETUD) es un patrón de reacción clínica poco común en la dermatología canina. Las lesiones sugieren daño vascular que puede ser causado por enfermedades inflamatorias o no inflamatorias y, a menudo, son idiopáticas. Las opciones terapéuticas para ETUD incluyen glucocorticoides tópicos o tacrolimus, pentoxifilina, vitamina E, doxiciclina, tetraciclina y niacinamida, sulfonamidas, glucocorticoides, ciclosporina y corrección quirúrgica. HIPÓTESIS/OBJETIVOS: los objetivos de esta serie de casos retrospectivos fueron describir las características clínicas e informar de la respuesta al tratamiento con oclacitinib en perros con ETUD crónica idiopática. ANIMALES: veinticinco perros de propietarios particulares con ETUD unilateral o bilateral. MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES: se resumen los casos de ETUD que respondieron mal a la terapia convencional y posteriormente se trataron con oclacitinib. Todos los casos se analizaron para detectar leishmaniosis mediante examen serológico [prueba de anticuerpos fluorescentes indirecta (IFAT) o ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas (ELISA)]. Se realizó examen histopatológico en dos casos. RESULTADOS: los resultados serológicos fueron negativos para leishmaniosis en todos los perros. En dos casos se documentaron cambios histopatológicos compatibles con necrosis trombovascular proliferativa del pabellón auricular. Oclacitinib, utilizado en el rango de dosis estándar recomendado para el tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica canina, resolvió eficazmente la ETUD en 22 de 25 perros en uno a tres meses. Varios de los perros requirieron el uso prolongado de dosis dos veces al día. CONCLUSIÓN Y RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA: El oclacitinib debe incluirse entre las opciones terapéuticas para la ETUD, una vez descartadas enfermedades infecciosas.Bei der ulzerativen Ohrranddermatitis (ETUD) handelt es sich um ein seltenes klinisches Reaktionsmuster in der Dermatologie des Hundes. Die Läsionen weisen auf Blutgefäßschädigungen hin, die durch entzündliche oder nicht entzündliche Erkrankungen verursacht werden können, oft aber auch idiopathisch auftreten.Die Ziele dieser retrospektiven Fallserie waren die Beschreibung der klinischen Merkmale und ein Bericht über das Ansprechen auf eine Behandlung mit Oclacitinib bei Hunden mit idiopathischer, chronischer ETUD.Fünfundzwanzig Hunde in Privatbesitz mit uni- oder bilateraler ETUD.Fälle von ETUD, die auf eine konventionelle Therapie nur schlecht ansprachen und in der Folge mit Oclacitinib behandelt wurden, sind zusammengefasst. Alle Fälle wurden mittels serologischer Untersuchung [Indirekter Immuno Fluoreszenz Antikörpertest (IFAT) oder Enzym-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)] auf Leishmaniose getestet. In zwei Fällen wurde eine histopathologische Untersuchung durchgeführt.Die serologischen Ergebnisse waren bei allen Hunden negativ für Leishmaniose. In zwei Fällen wurden histopathologische Veränderungen passend zu einer proliferativen thrombovaskulären Nekrose der Pinnae dokumentiert. Bei 22 von 25 Hunden konnte mittels Oclacitinib, welches in der empfohlenen Standarddosis zur Behandlung einer atopischen Dermatitis des Hundes eingesetzt wurde, innerhalb von einem bis drei Monaten die ETUD erfolgreich behandelt werden. Einige der Hunde benötigten langfristig eine zweimal tägliche Dosierung.Wenn infektiöse Erkrankungen ausgeschlossen wurden, sollte Oclacitinib in die therapeutischen Optionen für ETUD inkludiert werden.背景: 耳介先端部潰瘍性皮膚炎（ETUD）は、犬の皮膚科では珍しい臨床反応パターンである。炎症性疾患や非炎症性疾患による血管障害を示唆する病変であり、特発性のものも多い。ETUDの治療法としては、グルココルチコイドやタクロリムスの外用、ペントキシフィリン、ビタミンE、ドキシサイクリン、テトラサイクリン、ナイアシンアミド、スルホンアミド、グルココルチコイド、シクロスポリン、外科的矯正などがある。 仮説／目的: この回顧的な症例シリーズの目的は、特発性の慢性ETUDを持つ犬の臨床的特徴を説明し、オクラシチニブによる治療に対する反応を報告することであった。 被験動物: 片側または両側のETUDを有する25頭のオーナー所有犬。 材料と方法: 従来の治療に反応が悪く、その後オクラシチニブで治療したETUDの症例をまとめている。全例、血清学的検査［間接蛍光抗体法（IFAT）または酵素結合免疫吸着法（ELISA）］によりリーシュマニア症の検査を行った。また，2例では病理組織学的検査を行った。 結果: 血清検査の結果、すべての犬でリーシュマニア症は陰性であった。耳介の増殖性血栓性血管性壊死と一致する病理組織学的変化が2例で記録された。オクラシチニブは、犬アトピー性皮膚炎治療に推奨される標準的な用量範囲で使用され、25頭中22頭のETUDを1～3か月以内に効果的に解決した。数頭の犬は、1日2回の投与を長期に渡って行う必要があった。 結論と臨床的妥当性: オクラシチニブは、感染症が除外された後、ETUDの治療オプションに含まれるべきである。.背景: 耳尖溃疡性皮炎(ETUD)是犬皮肤病学中不常见的临床反应模式。病变提示血管损伤，可能由炎性或非炎性疾病引起，通常为特发性。ETUD的治疗选择包括外用糖皮质激素或他克莫司、己酮可可碱、维生素E、多西环素、四环素和烟酰胺、磺胺类药物、糖皮质激素、环孢素和手术矫正。 假设/目的: 本回顾性病例系列的目的是描述特发性、慢性ETUD犬的临床特征，并报告对奥拉替尼治疗的反应。 动物: 25只患有单侧或双侧ETUD的私家犬。 方法和材料: 总结了对常规治疗反应不佳且随后接受奥拉替尼治疗的ETUD病例。所有病例均经血清学检查[间接荧光抗体试验(IFAT)或酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)]检测利什曼病。2例进行了组织病理学检查。 结果: 所有犬的利什曼病血清学结果均为阴性。2例组织病理学变化记录为耳廓增生性血栓血管坏死。奥拉替尼使用按照治疗犬特应性皮炎的标准推荐剂量范围，在1-3个月内，22/25只ETUD患犬得到有效缓解。一些犬需要长期使用，且每日两次给药。 结论和临床相关性: 一旦排除感染性疾病，应将奥拉替尼纳入ETUD的治疗备选方案。.A dermatite ulcerativa da borda da orelha (DUBO) é um padrão reacional incomum na dermatologia canina. As lesões são sugestivas de dano vascular, que pode ser causado por doenças inflamatórias ou não inflamatórias, e frequentemente são idiopáticas. As opções terapêuticas para a DUBO incluem glicocorticoides tópicos ou tacrolimus, pentoxifilina, vitamina E, doxiciclina, tetraciclina e niacinamida, sulfonamidas, glicocorticoides e correção cirúrgica. HIPÓTESE/OBJETIVOS: O objetivo dessa série de casos retrospectivos foi descrever as características clínicas e relatar a resposta de cães com DUBO crônica idiopática ao tratamento com oclacitinib.Vinte e cinco cães de propriedade privada com DUBO unilateral ou bilateral. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Os casos de DUBO que apresentaram resposta insatisfatória à terapia convencional e foram subsequentemente tratados com oclacitinib foram descritos neste trabalho. Todos os casos foram testados para leishmaniose por exame sorológico [método de indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) ou de enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]. Dois casos foram enviados para exame histopatológico.Os testes sorológicos foram negativos para leishmaniose em todos os cães. Achados histopatológicos compatíveis com necrose trombovascular proliferativa do pavilhão auricular foram observados em dois casos. O oclacitinib, utilizado na dose recomendada para o tratamento de dermatite atópica canina, resolveu efetivamente a DUBO em 22 dos 25 casos em um período de um a três meses. Muitos cães necessitaram de tratamento prolongado com a dose de duas vezes ao dia. CONCLUSÃO E RELEVÂNCIA CLÍNICA: O oclacitinib deve ser incluso nas opções terapêuticas para DUBO quando as causas infecciosas forem excluídas.

Published
2021

36. Conclusion: EU-GCC Relations at a Crossroads

Author

Adel Abdel Ghafar and Silvia Colombo

Subjects
Forge, business.industry, Political science, International trade, business
Abstract

EU-GCC relations are facing several hurdles and their future is at stake. On the one hand, the multilateral framework appears to have stalled and the old expectation to forge a dynamic region-to-region relationship based on a comprehensive list of priorities cannot be sustained any longer. On the other, bilateral contacts and deals—both on the level of the EU institutions and of the individual EU member states—have been on the rise, particularly in the last decade.

Published
2021

37. Introduction

Author

Adel Abdel Ghafar and Silvia Colombo

Published
2021

38. GPS-profiling of retrograde navigational impairments associated with hippocampal lesion in homing pigeons

Author

Martin Wikelski, Verner P. Bingman, Anna Gagliardo, Silvia Colombo, Giovanni Casini, Enrica Pollonara, and Maria Grazia Rossino

Subjects
Hippocampus, Spatial Behavior, Biology, Hippocampal formation, Lesion, Homing pigeon, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Homing Behavior, Orientation, medicine, Animals, Columbidae, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Landmark, business.industry, Homing (biology), Spatial cognition, Global Positioning System, Geographic Information Systems, medicine.symptom, business, Cartography, psychological phenomena and processes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The avian hippocampal formation (HF) is homologous to the mammalian hippocampus and plays a central role in the control of spatial cognition. In homing pigeons, HF supports navigation by familiar landmarks and landscape features. However, what has remained relatively unexplored is the importance of HF for the retention of previously acquired spatial information. For example, to date, no systematic GPS-tracking studies on the retention of HF-dependent navigational memory in homing pigeons have been performed. Therefore, the current study was designed to compare the pre- and post-surgical navigational performance of sham-lesioned control and HF-lesioned pigeons tracked from three different sites located in different directions with respect to home. The pre- and post-surgical comparison of the pigeons' flight paths near the release sites and before reaching the area surrounding the home loft (4 km radius from the loft) revealed that the control and HF-lesioned pigeons displayed similarly successful retention. By contrast, the HF-lesioned pigeons displayed dramatically and consistently impaired retention in navigating to their home loft during the terminal phase of the homing flight near home, i.e., where navigation is supported by memory for landmark and landscape features. The data demonstrate that HF lesions lead to a dramatic loss of pre-surgically acquired landmark and landscape navigational information while sparing those mechanisms associated with navigation from locations distant from home.

Published
2021

39. X Chromosome Contribution to the Genetic Architecture of Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Author

S. Abiru, John F. Dillon, Yasuhiro Miyake, Piero Portincasa, Giancarlo Spinzi, R. Harvey, T. Ngatchu, Agostino Colli, M. Taniai, K. Flahive, Masanori Abe, B. Hoeroldt, S. Holder, Howard Curtis, María Isabel Colombo, C. MacNicol, Gang Xie, Andrew Chilton, H. Hussaini, Cristina Rigamonti, M. Kato, Shintaro Yagi, G. Abouda, D. Tyrer, Chris D. Evans, Christopher I. Amos, K. Koss, Kazuaki Chayama, P. Premchand, K. Migita, Simon Panter, Marco Marzioni, Silvia Colombo, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, M. Yagura, Ashley Brown, D. Gocher, Domenico Alvaro, K. Murata, Mark Wright, Piero Luigi Almasio, C. Healey, A. Ciaccio, N. Wheatley, Vincenzo Cardinale, T. Delahooke, Chiara Milani, T. Shewan, W. Stableforth, S. Levi, Mark L. Green, James V. Jones, Y. Baird, Aftab Ala, Burroughs Ak, D. Williams, K. Ario, P. Sanghi, Hemant Gupta, P. Southern, L. Farrington, M. Hamilton, Andrew D. Higham, I. Yabuuchi, H. Yatsuhashi, Lorenzo Morini, T. Yamamoto, Douglas Thorburn, M. Carnahan, N. Nishida, Susan Slininger, M. Koga, K. Honda, Annarosa Floreani, Andrew Douglass, K. Netherton, M. Yasunami, Hirohito Tsubouchi, F. Donato, K. Walker, U. Shmueli, Paolo Muratori, Ray Mathew, J. Maiden, E. Dungca, Subramaniam Ramakrishnan, S. Vyas, Helen Sweeting, Subrata Saha, T. Komeda, T. Komatsu, H. J. Lee, Maria Consiglia Bragazzi, T. Komura, C. Thomas, C. Shallcross, C. Duggan, J. Kordula, F. Muscariu, Lourdes Cumlat, Imran Patanwala, Giulia Cardamone, L. Morgan, J. Brighton, Masao Honda, H. Nakamura, David Jones, Raj Srirajaskanthan, M. E. Gershwin, T. Muro, L. Stafford, N. Fukushima, Graham P. Butcher, Andrea Crosignani, George Lipscomb, K. Hirata, Y. Nagaoki, S. Mann, Paul G. Richardson, David A Elphick, M. Mupudzi, Y. Ohara, E. Grieve, Gayle Clifford, Claudio Tiribelli, M. Quinn, G. Van Duyvenvoorde, E. Archer, Tatsuki Ichikawa, J. Maltby, T. Arinaga-Hino, Simon Williams, A. King, Yasuni Nakanuma, H. Doyle, A. Brind, Nora Cazzagon, H. Ota, Daphne D’Amato, K. Hogben, H. 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N., Higuchi N., Ohara Y., Muro T., Takesaki E., Takaki H., Yamamoto T., Kato M., Nagaoki Y., Hayashi S., Ishida J., Watanabe Y., Kobayashi M., Koga M., Saoshiro T., Yagura M., Hirata K., Takikawa H., Ohira H., Zeniya M., Abe M., Onji M., Kaneko S., Honda M., Arai K., Arinaga-Hino T., Hashimoto E., Taniai M., Umemura T., Joshita S., Nakao K., Ichikawa T., Shibata H., Yamagiwa S., Seike M., Honda K., Sakisaka S., Takeyama Y., Harada M., Senju M., Yokosuka O., Kanda T., Ueno Y., Kikuchi K., Ebinuma H., Himoto T., Yasunami M., Murata K., Mizokami M., Shimoda S., Miyake Y., Takaki A., Yamamoto K., Hirano K., Ichida T., Ido A., Tsubouchi H., Chayama K., Harada K., Nakanuma Y., Maehara Y., Taketomi A., Shirabe K., Soejima Y., Mori A., Yagi S., Uemoto S., Tanaka T., Yamashiki N., Tamura S., Sugawara Y., Kokudo N., Carbone M., Cardamone G., Duga S., Gershwin M.E., Seldin M.F., Invernizzi P., Asselta, R, Paraboschi, E, Gerussi, A, Cordell, H, Mells, G, Sandford, R, Jones, D, Nakamura, M, Ueno, K, Hitomi, Y, Kawashima, M, Nishida, N, Tokunaga, K, Nagasaki, M, Tanaka, A, Tang, R, Li, Z, Shi, Y, Liu, X, Xiong, M, Hirschfield, G, Siminovitch, K, Walker, E, Xie, G, Mason, A, Myers, R, Peltekian, K, Ghent, C, Atkinson, E, Juran, B, Lazaridis, K, Lu, Y, Gu, X, Jing, K, Amos, C, Affronti, A, Brunetto, M, Coco, B, Spinzi, G, Elia, G, Ferrari, C, Lleo, A, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Portincasa, P, Colli, A, Bruno, S, Colloredo, G, Azzaroli, F, Andreone, P, Bragazzi, M, Alvaro, D, Cardinale, V, Cazzagon, N, Rigamonti, C, Floreani, A, Rosina, F, Ciaccio, A, Cristoferi, L, D'Amato, D, Malinverno, F, Mancuso, C, Massironi, S, Milani, C, O'Donnell, S, Ronca, V, Barisani, D, Lampertico, P, Donato, F, Fagiuoli, S, Almasio, P, Giannini, E, Cursaro, C, Colombo, M, Valenti, L, Miele, L, Andriulli, A, Niro, G, Grattagliano, I, Morini, L, Casella, G, Vinci, M, Battezzati, P, Crosignani, A, Zuin, M, Mattalia, A, Calvaruso, V, Colombo, S, Benedetti, A, Marzioni, M, Galli, A, Marra, F, Tarocchi, M, Picciotto, A, Morisco, F, Fabris, L, Croce, L, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Strazzabosco, M, Ch'Ng, C, Rahman, M, Yapp, T, Sturgess, R, Healey, C, Czajkowski, M, Gunasekera, A, Gyawali, P, Premchand, P, Kapur, K, Marley, R, Foster, G, Watson, A, Dias, A, Subhani, J, Harvey, R, Mccorry, R, Ramanaden, D, Gasem, J, Evans, R, Mathialahan, T, Shorrock, C, Lipscomb, G, Southern, P, Tibble, J, Gorard, D, Palegwala, A, Jones, S, Dawwas, M, Alexander, G, Dolwani, S, Prince, M, Foxton, M, Elphick, D, Mitchison, H, Gooding, I, Karmo, M, Saksena, S, Mendall, M, Patel, M, Ede, R, Austin, A, Sayer, J, Hankey, L, Hovell, C, Fisher, N, Carter, M, Koss, K, Piotrowicz, A, Grimley, C, Neal, D, Lim, G, Levi, S, Ala, A, Broad, A, Saeed, A, Wood, G, Brown, J, Wilkinson, M, Gordon, H, Ramage, J, Ridpath, J, Ngatchu, T, Grover, B, Shaukat, S, Shidrawi, R, Abouda, G, Ali, F, Rees, I, Salam, I, Narain, M, Brown, A, Taylor-Robinson, S, Williams, S, Grellier, L, Banim, P, Das, D, Chilton, A, Heneghan, M, Curtis, H, 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R, Ncube, N, Tripoli, S, Casey, R, Cowley, C, Miller, R, Houghton, K, Ducker, S, Wright, F, Bird, B, Baxter, G, Keggans, J, Hughes, M, Grieve, E, Young, K, Williams, D, Ocker, K, Hines, F, Martin, K, Innes, C, Valliani, T, Fairlamb, H, Thornthwaite, S, Eastick, A, Tanqueray, E, Morrison, J, Holbrook, B, Browning, J, Walker, K, Congreave, S, Verheyden, J, Slininger, S, Stafford, L, O'Donnell, D, Ainsworth, M, Lord, S, Kent, L, March, L, Dickson, C, Simpson, D, Longhurst, B, Hayes, M, Shpuza, E, White, N, Besley, S, Pearson, S, Wright, A, Jones, L, Gunter, E, Dewhurst, H, Fouracres, A, Farrington, L, Graves, L, Marriott, S, Leoni, M, Tyrer, D, Dali-kemmery, L, Lambourne, V, Green, M, Sirdefield, D, Amor, K, Colley, J, Shinder, B, Jones, J, Mills, M, Carnahan, M, Taylor, N, Boulton, K, Tregonning, J, Brown, C, Clifford, G, Archer, E, Hamilton, M, Curtis, J, Shewan, T, Walsh, S, Warner, K, Netherton, K, Mupudzi, M, Gunson, B, Gitahi, J, Gocher, D, Batham, S, Pateman, H, Desmennu, S, 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Yagura, M, Hirata, K, Takikawa, H, Ohira, H, Zeniya, M, Abe, M, Onji, M, Kaneko, S, Honda, M, Arai, K, Arinaga-Hino, T, Hashimoto, E, Taniai, M, Umemura, T, Joshita, S, Nakao, K, Ichikawa, T, Shibata, H, Yamagiwa, S, Seike, M, Honda, K, Sakisaka, S, Takeyama, Y, Harada, M, Senju, M, Yokosuka, O, Kanda, T, Ueno, Y, Kikuchi, K, Ebinuma, H, Himoto, T, Yasunami, M, Murata, K, Mizokami, M, Shimoda, S, Miyake, Y, Takaki, A, Yamamoto, K, Hirano, K, Ichida, T, Ido, A, Tsubouchi, H, Chayama, K, Harada, K, Nakanuma, Y, Maehara, Y, Taketomi, A, Shirabe, K, Soejima, Y, Mori, A, Yagi, S, Uemoto, S, Tanaka, T, Yamashiki, N, Tamura, S, Sugawara, Y, Kokudo, N, Carbone, M, Cardamone, G, Duga, S, Gershwin, M, Seldin, M, Invernizzi, P, Asselta R, Paraboschi EM, Gerussi A, Cordell HJ, Mells GF, Sandford RN, Jones DE, Nakamura M, Ueno K, Hitomi Y, Kawashima M, Nishida N, Tokunaga K, Nagasaki M, Tanaka A, Tang R, Li Z, Shi Y, Liu X, Xiong M, Hirschfield G, Siminovitch KA, Canadian-US PBC Consortium, Italian PBC Genetics Study Group, UK-PBC Consortium, Japan PBC-GWAS Consortium, Carbone M, Cardamone G, Duga S, Gershwin ME, Seldin MF, Invernizzi P, and LiveR North

Subjects
Canadian-US PBC Consortium, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Linkage disequilibrium, Genome-wide association study, Disease, PBC, Settore MED/03 - GENETICA MEDICA, Linkage Disequilibrium, 0302 clinical medicine, UK-PBC Consortium, Genotype, Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins, Italian PBC Genetics Study Group, Odds Ratio, X-Wide Association Study, Japan PBC-GWAS Consortium, X chromosome, Genetics, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Gastroenterology, Forkhead Transcription Factors, DNA-Binding Proteins, Shal Potassium Channels, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, Adult, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Superenhancer, Locus (genetics), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, Asian People, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Endopeptidases, Humans, Cell Lineage, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Meta-analysi, Genetic association, Chromosomes, Human, X, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatology, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Meta-analysis, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic Loci, 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, 1109 Neurosciences, Carrier Proteins, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Background & aims: Genome-wide association studies in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have failed to find X chromosome (chrX) variants associated with the disease. Here, we specifically explore the chrX contribution to PBC, a sexually dimorphic complex autoimmune disease. Methods: We performed a chrX-wide association study, including genotype data from 5 genome-wide association studies (from Italy, United Kingdom, Canada, China, and Japan; 5244 case patients and 11,875 control individuals). Results: Single-marker association analyses found approximately 100 loci displaying P < 5 × 10-4, with the most significant being a signal within the OTUD5 gene (rs3027490; P = 4.80 × 10-6; odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.028-1.88; Japanese cohort). Although the transethnic meta-analysis evidenced only a suggestive signal (rs2239452, mapping within the PIM2 gene; OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.26; P = 9.93 × 10-8), the population-specific meta-analysis showed a genome-wide significant locus in East Asian individuals pointing to the same region (rs7059064, mapping within the GRIPAP1 gene; P = 6.2 × 10-9; OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.21-1.46). Indeed, rs7059064 tags a unique linkage disequilibrium block including 7 genes: TIMM17B, PQBP1, PIM2, SLC35A2, OTUD5, KCND1, and GRIPAP1, as well as a superenhancer (GH0XJ048933 within OTUD5) targeting all these genes. GH0XJ048933 is also predicted to target FOXP3, the main T-regulatory cell lineage specification factor. Consistently, OTUD5 and FOXP3 RNA levels were up-regulated in PBC case patients (1.75- and 1.64-fold, respectively). Conclusions: This work represents the first comprehensive study, to our knowledge, of the chrX contribution to the genetics of an autoimmune liver disease and shows a novel PBC-related genome-wide significant locus.

Published
2021

40. An international genome-wide meta-analysis of primary biliary cholangitis: Novel risk loci and candidate drugs

Author

Heather J. Cordell, James J. Fryett, Kazuko Ueno, Rebecca Darlay, Yoshihiro Aiba, Yuki Hitomi, Minae Kawashima, Nao Nishida, Seik-Soon Khor, Olivier Gervais, Yosuke Kawai, Masao Nagasaki, Katsushi Tokunaga, Ruqi Tang, Yongyong Shi, Zhiqiang Li, Brian D. Juran, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Alessio Gerussi, Marco Carbone, Rosanna Asselta, Angela Cheung, Mariza de Andrade, Aris Baras, Julie Horowitz, Manuel A.R. Ferreira, Dylan Sun, David E. Jones, Steven Flack, Ann Spicer, Victoria L. Mulcahy, Jinyoung Byan, Younghun Han, Richard N. Sandford, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Christopher I. Amos, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Michael F. Seldin, Pietro Invernizzi, Katherine A. Siminovitch, Xiong Ma, Minoru Nakamura, George F. Mells, Andrew Mason, Catherine Vincent, Gang Xie, Jinyi Zhang, Andrea Affronti, Piero L. Almasio, Domenico Alvaro, Pietro Andreone, Angelo Andriulli, Francesco Azzaroli, Pier Maria Battezzati, Antonio Benedetti, MariaConsiglia Bragazzi, Maurizia Brunetto, Savino Bruno, Vincenza Calvaruso, Vincenzo Cardinale, Giovanni Casella, Nora Cazzagon, Antonio Ciaccio, Barbara Coco, Agostino Colli, Guido Colloredo, Massimo Colombo, Silvia Colombo, Laura Cristoferi, Carmela Cursaro, Lory Saveria Crocè, Andrea Crosignani, Daphne D’Amato, Francesca Donato, Gianfranco Elia, Luca Fabris, Stefano Fagiuoli, Carlo Ferrari, Annarosa Floreani, Andrea Galli, Edoardo Giannini, Ignazio Grattagliano, Pietro Lampertico, Ana Lleo, Federica Malinverno, Clara Mancuso, Fabio Marra, Marco Marzioni, Sara Massironi, Alberto Mattalia, Luca Miele, Chiara Milani, Lorenzo Morini, Filomena Morisco, Luigi Muratori, Paolo Muratori, Grazia A. Niro, Sarah O’Donnell, Antonio Picciotto, Piero Portincasa, Cristina Rigamonti, Vincenzo Ronca, Floriano Rosina, Giancarlo Spinzi, Mario Strazzabosco, Mirko Tarocchi, Claudio Tiribelli, Pierluigi Toniutto, Luca Valenti, Maria Vinci, Massimo Zuin, Hitomi Nakamura, Seigo Abiru, Shinya Nagaoka, Atsumasa Komori, Hiroshi Yatsuhashi, Hiromi Ishibashi, Masahiro Ito, Kiyoshi Migita, Hiromasa Ohira, Shinji Katsushima, Atsushi Naganuma, Kazuhiro Sugi, Tatsuji Komatsu, Tomohiko Mannami, Kouki Matsushita, Kaname Yoshizawa, Fujio Makita, Toshiki Nikami, Hideo Nishimura, Hiroshi Kouno, Hirotaka Kouno, Hajime Ota, Takuya Komura, Yoko Nakamura, Masaaki Shimada, Noboru Hirashima, Toshiki Komeda, Keisuke Ario, Makoto Nakamuta, Tsutomu Yamashita, Kiyoshi Furuta, Masahiro Kikuchi, Noriaki Naeshiro, Hironao Takahashi, Yutaka Mano, Seiji Tsunematsu, Iwao Yabuuchi, Yusuke Shimada, Kazuhiko Yamauchi, Rie Sugimoto, Hironori Sakai, Eiji Mita, Masaharu Koda, Satoru Tsuruta, Hiroshi Kamitsukasa, Takeaki Sato, Naohiko Masaki, Tatsuro Kobata, Nobuyoshi Fukushima, Yukio Ohara, Toyokichi Muro, Eiichi Takesaki, Hitoshi Takaki, Tetsuo Yamamoto, Michio Kato, Yuko Nagaoki, Shigeki Hayashi, Jinya Ishida, Yukio Watanabe, Masakazu Kobayashi, Michiaki Koga, Takeo Saoshiro, Michiyasu Yagura, Keisuke Hirata, Atsushu Tanaka, Hajime Takikawa, Mikio Zeniya, Masanori Abe, Morikazu Onji, Shuichi Kaneko, Masao Honda, Kuniaki Arai, Teruko Arinaga-Hino, Etsuko Hashimoto, Makiko Taniai, Takeji Umemura, Satoru Joshita, Kazuhiko Nakao, Tatsuki Ichikawa, Hidetaka Shibata, Satoshi Yamagiwa, Masataka Seike, Koichi Honda, Shotaro Sakisaka, Yasuaki Takeyama, Masaru Harada, Michio Senju, Osamu Yokosuka, Tatsuo Kanda, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Kentaro Kikuchi, Hirotoshi Ebinuma, Takashi Himoto, Michio Yasunami, Kazumoto Murata, Masashi Mizokami, Kazuhito Kawata, Shinji Shimoda, Yasuhiro Miyake, Akinobu Takaki, Kazuhide Yamamoto, Katsuji Hirano, Takafumi Ichida, Akio Ido, Hirohito Tsubouchi, Kazuaki Chayama, Kenichi Harada, Yasuni Nakanuma, Yoshihiko Maehara, Akinobu Taketomi, Ken Shirabe, Yuji Soejima, Akira Mori, Shintaro Yagi, Shinji Uemoto, Egawa H, Tomohiro Tanaka, Noriyo Yamashiki, Sumito Tamura, Yasuhiro Sugawara, Norihiro Kokudo, Naga Chalasani, Vel Luketic, Joseph Odin, Kapil Chopra, Goncalo Abecasis, Michael Cantor, Giovanni Coppola, Aris Economides, Luca A. Lotta, John D. Overton, Jeffrey G. Reid, Alan Shuldiner, Christina Beechert, Caitlin Forsythe, Erin D. Fuller, Zhenhua Gu, Michael Lattari, Alexander Lopez, Thomas D. Schleicher, Maria Sotiropoulos Padilla, Karina Toledo, Louis Widom, Sarah E. Wolf, Manasi Pradhan, Kia Manoochehri, Ricardo H. Ulloa, Xiaodong Bai, Suganthi Balasubramanian, Leland Barnard, Andrew Blumenfeld, Gisu Eom, Lukas Habegger, Alicia Hawes, Shareef Khalid, Evan K. Maxwell, William Salerno, Jeffrey C. Staples, Marcus B. Jones, Lyndon J. Mitnaul, Richard Sturgess, Christopher Healey, Andrew Yeoman, Anton VJ. Gunasekera, Paul Kooner, Kapil Kapur, V. Sathyanarayana, Yiannis Kallis, Javaid Subhani, Rory Harvey, Roger McCorry, Paul Rooney, David Ramanaden, Richard Evans, Thiriloganathan Mathialahan, Jaber Gasem, Christopher Shorrock, Mahesh Bhalme, Paul Southern, Jeremy A. Tibble, David A. Gorard, Susan Jones, George Mells, Victoria Mulcahy, Brijesh Srivastava, Matthew R. Foxton, Carole E. Collins, David Elphick, Mazn Karmo, Francisco Porras-Perez, Michael Mendall, Tom Yapp, Minesh Patel, Roland Ede, Joanne Sayer, James Jupp, Neil Fisher, Martyn J. Carter, Konrad Koss, Jayshri Shah, Andrzej Piotrowicz, Glyn Scott, Charles Grimley, Ian R. Gooding, Simon Williams, Judith Tidbury, Guan Lim, Kuldeep Cheent, Sass Levi, Dina Mansour, Matilda Beckley, Coral Hollywood, Terry Wong, Richard Marley, John Ramage, Harriet M. Gordon, Jo Ridpath, Theodore Ngatchu, Vijay Paul Bob Grover, Ray G. Shidrawi, George Abouda, L. Corless, Mark Narain, Ian Rees, Ashley Brown, Simon Taylor-Robinson, Joy Wilkins, Leonie Grellier, Paul Banim, Debasish Das, Michael A. Heneghan, Howard Curtis, Helen C. Matthews, Faiyaz Mohammed, Mark Aldersley, Raj Srirajaskanthan, Giles Walker, Alistair McNair, Amar Sharif, Sambit Sen, George Bird, Martin I. Prince, Geeta Prasad, Paul Kitchen, Adrian Barnardo, Chirag Oza, Nurani N. Sivaramakrishnan, Prakash Gupta, Amir Shah, Chris DJ. Evans, Subrata Saha, Katharine Pollock, Peter Bramley, Ashis Mukhopadhya, Stephen T. Barclay, Natasha McDonald, Andrew J. Bathgate, Kelvin Palmer, John F. Dillon, Simon M. Rushbrook, Robert Przemioslo, Chris McDonald, Andrew Millar, Cheh Tai, Stephen Mitchell, Jane Metcalf, Syed Shaukat, Mary Ninkovic, Udi Shmueli, Andrew Davis, Asifabbas Naqvi, Tom JW. Lee, Stephen Ryder, Jane Collier, Howard Klass, Matthew E. Cramp, Nichols Sharer, Richard Aspinall, Deb Ghosh, Andrew C. Douds, Jonathan Booth, Earl Williams, Hyder Hussaini, John Christie, Steven Mann, Douglas Thorburn, Aileen Marshall, Imran Patanwala, Aftab Ala, Julia Maltby, Ray Matthew, Chris Corbett, Sam Vyas, Saket Singhal, Dermot Gleeson, Sharat Misra, Jeff Butterworth, Keith George, Tim Harding, Andrew Douglass, Harriet Mitchison, Simon Panter, Jeremy Shearman, Gary Bray, Michael Roberts, Graham Butcher, Daniel Forton, Zahid Mahmood, Matthew Cowan, Debashis Das, Chin Lye Ch’ng, Mesbah Rahman, Gregory C.A. Whatley, Emma Wesley, Aditya Mandal, Sanjiv Jain, Stephen P. Pereira, Mark Wright, Palak Trivedi, Fiona H. Gordon, Esther Unitt, Altaf Palejwala, Andrew Austin, Vishwaraj Vemala, Allister Grant, Andrew D. Higham, Alison Brind, Ray Mathew, Mark Cox, Subramaniam Ramakrishnan, Alistair King, Simon Whalley, Jocelyn Fraser, S.J. Thomson, Andrew Bell, Voi Shim Wong, Richard Kia, Ian Gee, Richard Keld, Rupert Ransford, James Gotto, Charles Millson, Cordell, H. J., Fryett, J. J., Ueno, K., Darlay, R., Aiba, Y., Hitomi, Y., Kawashima, M., Nishida, N., Khor, S. -S., Gervais, O., Kawai, Y., Nagasaki, M., Tokunaga, K., Tang, R., Shi, Y., Li, Z., Juran, B. D., Atkinson, E. J., Gerussi, A., Carbone, M., Asselta, R., Cheung, A., de Andrade, M., Baras, A., Horowitz, J., Ferreira, M. A. R., Sun, D., Jones, D. E., Flack, S., Spicer, A., Mulcahy, V. L., Byan, J., Han, Y., Sandford, R. N., Lazaridis, K. N., Amos, C. I., Hirschfield, G. M., Seldin, M. F., Invernizzi, P., Siminovitch, K. 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A., Overton, J. D., Reid, J. G., Shuldiner, A., Beechert, C., Forsythe, C., Fuller, E. D., Gu, Z., Lattari, M., Lopez, A., Schleicher, T. D., Padilla, M. S., Toledo, K., Widom, L., Wolf, S. E., Pradhan, M., Manoochehri, K., Ulloa, R. H., Bai, X., Balasubramanian, S., Barnard, L., Blumenfeld, A., Eom, G., Habegger, L., Hawes, A., Khalid, S., Maxwell, E. K., Salerno, W., Staples, J. C., Jones, M. B., Mitnaul, L. J., Sturgess, R., Healey, C., Yeoman, A., Gunasekera, A. V., Kooner, P., Kapur, K., Sathyanarayana, V., Kallis, Y., Subhani, J., Harvey, R., Mccorry, R., Rooney, P., Ramanaden, D., Evans, R., Mathialahan, T., Gasem, J., Shorrock, C., Bhalme, M., Southern, P., Tibble, J. A., Gorard, D. A., Jones, S., Mells, G., Mulcahy, V., Srivastava, B., Foxton, M. R., Collins, C. E., Elphick, D., Karmo, M., Porras-Perez, F., Mendall, M., Yapp, T., Patel, M., Ede, R., Sayer, J., Jupp, J., Fisher, N., Carter, M. J., Koss, K., Shah, J., Piotrowicz, A., Scott, G., Grimley, C., Gooding, I. R., Williams, S., Tidbury, J., Lim, G., Cheent, K., Levi, S., Mansour, D., Beckley, M., Hollywood, C., Wong, T., Marley, R., Ramage, J., Gordon, H. M., Ridpath, J., Ngatchu, T., Bob Grover, V. P., Shidrawi, R. G., Abouda, G., Corless, L., Narain, M., Rees, I., Brown, A., Taylor-Robinson, S., Wilkins, J., Grellier, L., Banim, P., Das, D., Heneghan, M. A., Curtis, H., Matthews, H. C., Mohammed, F., Aldersley, M., Srirajaskanthan, R., Walker, G., Mcnair, A., Sharif, A., Sen, S., Bird, G., Prince, M. I., Prasad, G., Kitchen, P., Barnardo, A., Oza, C., Sivaramakrishnan, N. N., Gupta, P., Shah, A., Evans, C. D., Saha, S., Pollock, K., Bramley, P., Mukhopadhya, A., Barclay, S. T., Mcdonald, N., Bathgate, A. J., Palmer, K., Dillon, J. F., Rushbrook, S. M., Przemioslo, R., Mcdonald, C., Millar, A., Tai, C., Mitchell, S., Metcalf, J., Shaukat, S., Ninkovic, M., Shmueli, U., Davis, A., Naqvi, A., Lee, T. J., Ryder, S., Collier, J., Klass, H., Cramp, M. 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S., Kia, R., Gee, I., Keld, R., Ransford, R., Gotto, J., Millson, C., Cordell H.J., Fryett J.J., Ueno K., Darlay R., Aiba Y., Hitomi Y., Kawashima M., Nishida N., Khor S.-S., Gervais O., Kawai Y., Nagasaki M., Tokunaga K., Tang R., Shi Y., Li Z., Juran B.D., Atkinson E.J., Gerussi A., Carbone M., Asselta R., Cheung A., de Andrade M., Baras A., Horowitz J., Ferreira M.A.R., Sun D., Jones D.E., Flack S., Spicer A., Mulcahy V.L., Byan J., Han Y., Sandford R.N., Lazaridis K.N., Amos C.I., Hirschfield G.M., Seldin M.F., Invernizzi P., Siminovitch K.A., Ma X., Nakamura M., Mells G.F., Mason A., Vincent C., Xie G., Zhang J., Affronti A., Almasio P.L., Alvaro D., Andreone P., Andriulli A., Azzaroli F., Battezzati P.M., Benedetti A., Bragazzi M., Brunetto M., Bruno S., Calvaruso V., Cardinale V., Casella G., Cazzagon N., Ciaccio A., Coco B., Colli A., Colloredo G., Colombo M., Colombo S., Cristoferi L., Cursaro C., Croce L.S., Crosignani A., D'Amato D., Donato F., Elia G., Fabris L., Fagiuoli S., Ferrari C., Floreani A., Galli A., Giannini E., Grattagliano I., Lampertico P., Lleo A., Malinverno F., Mancuso C., Marra F., Marzioni M., Massironi S., Mattalia A., Miele L., Milani C., Morini L., Morisco F., Muratori L., Muratori P., Niro G.A., O'Donnell S., Picciotto A., Portincasa P., Rigamonti C., Ronca V., Rosina F., Spinzi G., Strazzabosco M., Tarocchi M., Tiribelli C., Toniutto P., Valenti L., Vinci M., Zuin M., Nakamura H., Abiru S., Nagaoka S., Komori A., Yatsuhashi H., Ishibashi H., Ito M., Migita K., Ohira H., Katsushima S., Naganuma A., Sugi K., Komatsu T., Mannami T., Matsushita K., Yoshizawa K., Makita F., Nikami T., Nishimura H., Kouno H., Ota H., Komura T., Nakamura Y., Shimada M., Hirashima N., Komeda T., Ario K., Nakamuta M., Yamashita T., Furuta K., Kikuchi M., Naeshiro N., Takahashi H., Mano Y., Tsunematsu S., Yabuuchi I., Shimada Y., Yamauchi K., Sugimoto R., Sakai H., Mita E., Koda M., Tsuruta S., Kamitsukasa H., Sato T., Masaki N., Kobata T., Fukushima N., Ohara Y., Muro T., Takesaki E., Takaki H., Yamamoto T., Kato M., Nagaoki Y., Hayashi S., Ishida J., Watanabe Y., Kobayashi M., Koga M., Saoshiro T., Yagura M., Hirata K., Tanaka A., Takikawa H., Zeniya M., Abe M., Onji M., Kaneko S., Honda M., Arai K., Arinaga-Hino T., Hashimoto E., Taniai M., Umemura T., Joshita S., Nakao K., Ichikawa T., Shibata H., Yamagiwa S., Seike M., Honda K., Sakisaka S., Takeyama Y., Harada M., Senju M., Yokosuka O., Kanda T., Ueno Y., Kikuchi K., Ebinuma H., Himoto T., Yasunami M., Murata K., Mizokami M., Kawata K., Shimoda S., Miyake Y., Takaki A., Yamamoto K., Hirano K., Ichida T., Ido A., Tsubouchi H., Chayama K., Harada K., Nakanuma Y., Maehara Y., Taketomi A., Shirabe K., Soejima Y., Mori A., Yagi S., Uemoto S., H E., Tanaka T., Yamashiki N., Tamura S., Sugawara Y., Kokudo N., Chalasani N., Luketic V., Odin J., Chopra K., Abecasis G., Cantor M., Coppola G., Economides A., Lotta L.A., Overton J.D., Reid J.G., Shuldiner A., Beechert C., Forsythe C., Fuller E.D., Gu Z., Lattari M., Lopez A., Schleicher T.D., Padilla M.S., Toledo K., Widom L., Wolf S.E., Pradhan M., Manoochehri K., Ulloa R.H., Bai X., Balasubramanian S., Barnard L., Blumenfeld A., Eom G., Habegger L., Hawes A., Khalid S., Maxwell E.K., Salerno W., Staples J.C., Jones M.B., Mitnaul L.J., Sturgess R., Healey C., Yeoman A., Gunasekera A.V., Kooner P., Kapur K., Sathyanarayana V., Kallis Y., Subhani J., Harvey R., McCorry R., Rooney P., Ramanaden D., Evans R., Mathialahan T., Gasem J., Shorrock C., Bhalme M., Southern P., Tibble J.A., Gorard D.A., Jones S., Mells G., Mulcahy V., Srivastava B., Foxton M.R., Collins C.E., Elphick D., Karmo M., Porras-Perez F., Mendall M., Yapp T., Patel M., Ede R., Sayer J., Jupp J., Fisher N., Carter M.J., Koss K., Shah J., Piotrowicz A., Scott G., Grimley C., Gooding I.R., Williams S., Tidbury J., Lim G., Cheent K., Levi S., Mansour D., Beckley M., Hollywood C., Wong T., Marley R., Ramage J., Gordon H.M., Ridpath J., Ngatchu T., Bob Grover V.P., Shidrawi R.G., Abouda G., Corless L., Narain M., Rees I., Brown A., Taylor-Robinson S., Wilkins J., Grellier L., Banim P., Das D., Heneghan M.A., Curtis H., Matthews H.C., Mohammed F., Aldersley M., Srirajaskanthan R., Walker G., McNair A., Sharif A., Sen S., Bird G., Prince M.I., Prasad G., Kitchen P., Barnardo A., Oza C., Sivaramakrishnan N.N., Gupta P., Shah A., Evans C.D., Saha S., Pollock K., Bramley P., Mukhopadhya A., Barclay S.T., McDonald N., Bathgate A.J., Palmer K., Dillon J.F., Rushbrook S.M., Przemioslo R., McDonald C., Millar A., Tai C., Mitchell S., Metcalf J., Shaukat S., Ninkovic M., Shmueli U., Davis A., Naqvi A., Lee T.J., Ryder S., Collier J., Klass H., Cramp M.E., Sharer N., Aspinall R., Ghosh D., Douds A.C., Booth J., Williams E., Hussaini H., Christie J., Mann S., Thorburn D., Marshall A., Patanwala I., Ala A., Maltby J., Matthew R., Corbett C., Vyas S., Singhal S., Gleeson D., Misra S., Butterworth J., George K., Harding T., Douglass A., Mitchison H., 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Xie, G, Zhang, J, Affronti, A, Almasio, P, Alvaro, D, Andreone, P, Andriulli, A, Azzaroli, F, Battezzati, P, Benedetti, A, Bragazzi, M, Brunetto, M, Bruno, S, Calvaruso, V, Cardinale, V, Casella, G, Cazzagon, N, Ciaccio, A, Coco, B, Colli, A, Colloredo, G, Colombo, M, Colombo, S, Cristoferi, L, Cursaro, C, Croce, L, Crosignani, A, D'Amato, D, Donato, F, Elia, G, Fabris, L, Fagiuoli, S, Ferrari, C, Floreani, A, Galli, A, Giannini, E, Grattagliano, I, Lampertico, P, Lleo, A, Malinverno, F, Mancuso, C, Marra, F, Marzioni, M, Massironi, S, Mattalia, A, Miele, L, Milani, C, Morini, L, Morisco, F, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Niro, G, O'Donnell, S, Picciotto, A, Portincasa, P, Rigamonti, C, Ronca, V, Rosina, F, Spinzi, G, Strazzabosco, M, Tarocchi, M, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Valenti, L, Vinci, M, Zuin, M, Nakamura, H, Abiru, S, Nagaoka, S, Komori, A, Yatsuhashi, H, Ishibashi, H, Ito, M, Migita, K, Ohira, H, Katsushima, S, Naganuma, A, Sugi, K, Komatsu, T, Mannami, T, Matsushita, K, Yoshizawa, K, Makita, F, Nikami, T, Nishimura, H, Kouno, H, Ota, H, Komura, T, Nakamura, Y, Shimada, M, Hirashima, N, Komeda, T, Ario, K, Nakamuta, M, Yamashita, T, Furuta, K, Kikuchi, M, Naeshiro, N, Takahashi, H, Mano, Y, Tsunematsu, S, Yabuuchi, I, Shimada, Y, Yamauchi, K, Sugimoto, R, Sakai, H, Mita, E, Koda, M, Tsuruta, S, Kamitsukasa, H, Sato, T, Masaki, N, Kobata, T, Fukushima, N, Ohara, Y, Muro, T, Takesaki, E, Takaki, H, Yamamoto, T, Kato, M, Nagaoki, Y, Hayashi, S, Ishida, J, Watanabe, Y, Kobayashi, M, Koga, M, Saoshiro, T, Yagura, M, Hirata, K, Tanaka, A, Takikawa, H, Zeniya, M, Abe, M, Onji, M, Kaneko, S, Honda, M, Arai, K, Arinaga-Hino, T, Hashimoto, E, Taniai, M, Umemura, T, Joshita, S, Nakao, K, Ichikawa, T, Shibata, H, Yamagiwa, S, Seike, M, Honda, K, Sakisaka, S, Takeyama, Y, Harada, M, Senju, M, Yokosuka, O, Kanda, T, Ueno, Y, Kikuchi, K, Ebinuma, H, Himoto, T, Yasunami, M, Murata, K, Mizokami, M, Kawata, K, Shimoda, S, Miyake, Y, Takaki, A, Yamamoto, K, Hirano, K, Ichida, T, Ido, A, Tsubouchi, H, Chayama, K, Harada, K, Nakanuma, Y, Maehara, Y, Taketomi, A, Shirabe, K, Soejima, Y, Mori, A, Yagi, S, Uemoto, S, H, E, Tanaka, T, Yamashiki, N, Tamura, S, Sugawara, Y, Kokudo, N, Chalasani, N, Luketic, V, Odin, J, Chopra, K, Abecasis, G, Cantor, M, Coppola, G, Economides, A, Lotta, L, Overton, J, Reid, J, Shuldiner, A, Beechert, C, Forsythe, C, Fuller, E, Gu, Z, Lattari, M, Lopez, A, Schleicher, T, Padilla, M, Toledo, K, Widom, L, Wolf, S, Pradhan, M, Manoochehri, K, Ulloa, R, Bai, X, Balasubramanian, S, Barnard, L, Blumenfeld, A, Eom, G, Habegger, L, Hawes, A, Khalid, S, Maxwell, E, Salerno, W, Staples, J, Jones, M, Mitnaul, L, Sturgess, R, Healey, C, Yeoman, A, Gunasekera, A, Kooner, P, Kapur, K, Sathyanarayana, V, Kallis, Y, Subhani, J, Harvey, R, Mccorry, R, Rooney, P, Ramanaden, D, Evans, R, Mathialahan, T, Gasem, J, Shorrock, C, Bhalme, M, Southern, P, Tibble, J, Gorard, D, Jones, S, Srivastava, B, Foxton, M, Collins, C, Elphick, D, Karmo, M, Porras-Perez, F, Mendall, M, Yapp, T, Patel, M, Ede, R, Sayer, J, Jupp, J, Fisher, N, Carter, M, Koss, K, Shah, J, Piotrowicz, A, Scott, G, Grimley, C, Gooding, I, Williams, S, Tidbury, J, Lim, G, Cheent, K, Levi, S, Mansour, D, Beckley, M, Hollywood, C, Wong, T, Marley, R, Ramage, J, Gordon, H, Ridpath, J, Ngatchu, T, Bob Grover, V, Shidrawi, R, Abouda, G, Corless, L, Narain, M, Rees, I, Brown, A, Taylor-Robinson, S, Wilkins, J, Grellier, L, Banim, P, Das, D, Heneghan, M, Curtis, H, Matthews, H, Mohammed, F, Aldersley, M, Srirajaskanthan, R, Walker, G, Mcnair, A, Sharif, A, Sen, S, Bird, G, Prince, M, Prasad, G, Kitchen, P, Barnardo, A, Oza, C, Sivaramakrishnan, N, Gupta, P, Shah, A, Evans, C, Saha, S, Pollock, K, Bramley, P, Mukhopadhya, A, Barclay, S, Mcdonald, N, Bathgate, A, Palmer, K, Dillon, J, Rushbrook, S, Przemioslo, R, Mcdonald, C, Millar, A, Tai, C, Mitchell, S, Metcalf, J, Shaukat, S, Ninkovic, M, Shmueli, U, Davis, A, Naqvi, A, Lee, T, Ryder, S, Collier, J, Klass, H, Cramp, M, Sharer, N, Aspinall, R, Ghosh, D, Douds, A, Booth, J, Williams, E, Hussaini, H, Christie, J, Mann, S, Thorburn, D, Marshall, A, Patanwala, I, Ala, A, Maltby, J, Matthew, R, Corbett, C, Vyas, S, Singhal, S, Gleeson, D, Misra, S, Butterworth, J, George, K, Harding, T, Douglass, A, Mitchison, H, Panter, S, Shearman, J, Bray, G, Roberts, M, Butcher, G, Forton, D, Mahmood, Z, Cowan, M, Ch'Ng, C, Rahman, M, Whatley, G, Wesley, E, Mandal, A, Jain, S, Pereira, S, Wright, M, Trivedi, P, Gordon, F, Unitt, E, Palejwala, A, Austin, A, Vemala, V, Grant, A, Higham, A, Brind, A, Mathew, R, Cox, M, Ramakrishnan, S, King, A, Whalley, S, Fraser, J, Thomson, S, Bell, A, Wong, V, Kia, R, Gee, I, Keld, R, Ransford, R, Gotto, J, Millson, C, Cordell HJ, Fryett JJ, Ueno K, Darlay R, Aiba Y, Hitomi Y, Kawashima M, Nishida N, Khor SS, Gervais O, Kawai Y, Nagasaki M, Tokunaga K, Tang R, Shi Y, Li Z, Juran BD, Atkinson EJ, Gerussi A, Carbone M, Asselta R, Cheung A, de Andrade M, Baras A, Horowitz J, Ferreira MAR, Sun D, Jones DE, Flack S, Spicer A, Mulcahy VL, Byan J, Han Y, Sandford RN, Lazaridis KN, Amos CI, Hirschfield GM, Seldin MF, Invernizzi P, Siminovitch KA, Ma X, Nakamura M, Mells GF, PBC Consortia, Canadian PBC Consortium, Chinese PBC Consortium, Italian PBC Study Group, Japan-PBC-GWAS Consortium, US PBC Consortium, UK-PBC Consortium, and Calvaruso V. .

Subjects
Liver Cirrhosis, ALSPAC, ERN RARE-LIVER, Genomic co-localization, Network-based in silico drug efficacy screening, UK-PBC, 0301 basic medicine, Candidate gene, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Italian PBC Study Group, LD SCORE REGRESSION, Japan-PBC-GWAS Consortium, Genome-wide association study, Locus (genetics), Disease, SUSCEPTIBILITY, PBC, Chronic liver disease, Bioinformatics, GENETIC ASSOCIATION, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, UK-PBC Consortium, Genotype, Medicine, Genetic association, Science & Technology, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatology, business.industry, Biliary, Chinese PBC Consortium, 1103 Clinical Sciences, medicine.disease, PBC Consortia, 030104 developmental biology, Meta-analysis, ERN RARE LIVER, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, US PBC Consortium, Canadian PBC Consortium, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human
Abstract

[BACKGROUND & AIMS] Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease in which autoimmune destruction of the small intra-hepatic bile ducts eventually leads to cirrhosis. Many patients have inadequate response to licensed medications, motivating the search for novel therapies. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses (GWMA) of PBC have identified numerous risk loci for this condition, providing insight into its aetiology. We undertook the largest GWMA of PBC to date, aiming to identify additional risk loci and prioritise candidate genes for in silico drug efficacy screening. [METHODS] We combined new and existing genotype data for 10, 516 cases and 20, 772 controls from five European and two East Asian cohorts. [RESULTS] We identified 56 genome-wide significant loci (20 novel) including 46 in European, 13 in Asian, and 41 in combined cohorts; and a 57th genome-wide significant locus (also novel) in conditional analysis of the European cohorts. Candidate genes at newly identified loci include FCRL3, INAVA, PRDM1, IRF7, CCR6, CD226, and IL12RB1, each having key roles in immunity. Pathway analysis reiterated the likely importance of pattern recognition receptor and TNF signalling, Jak-STAT signalling, and differentiation of TH1 and TH17 cells in the pathogenesis of this disease. Drug efficacy screening identified several medications predicted to be therapeutic in PBC, some well-established in the treatment of other autoimmune disorders. [CONCLUSIONS] This study has identified additional risk loci for PBC, provided a hierarchy of agents that could be trialled in this condition, and emphasised the value of genetic and genomic approaches to drug discovery in complex disorders. [Lay summary] Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease that eventually leads to cirrhosis. In this study, we analysed genetic information from 10, 516 people with PBC and 20, 772 healthy individuals recruited in Canada, China, Italy, Japan, UK, or USA. We identified several genetic regions associated with PBC. Each of these regions contains several genes. For each region, we used diverse sources of evidence to help us choose the gene most likely to be involved in causing PBC. We used these ‘candidate genes’ to help us identify medications that are currently used for treatment of other conditions, which might also be useful for treatment of PBC., 原発性胆汁性胆管炎のゲノムワイド関連解析 --国際メタ解析による新規疾患感受性遺伝子と治療薬候補の同定--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-06-28.

Published
2021

41. Dermatologie der Katze

Author

Chiara Noli, Silvia Colombo, Chiara Noli, and Silvia Colombo

Subjects
Medicine—Research, Biology—Research, Veterinary medicine, Anatomy, Comparative, Dermatology
Abstract

Dieses reich illustrierte Handbuch deckt alle Aspekte der modernen Katzendermatologie ab, von der Herangehensweise an verschiedene Anzeichen und Symptome bis hin zur Beschreibung der Ätiologie, Pathogenese, klinischen Manifestation, Diagnose und aktuellen Behandlung jeder dermatologischen Erkrankung der Katze. Daher dient dieses Handbuch als unverzichtbarer praktischer Leitfaden für den vielbeschäftigten Praktiker, um Katzen mit dermatologischen Erkrankungen schnell und sicher zu behandeln, und bietet ein aktuelles und vollständiges Nachschlagewerk für den Katzentierarzt und den Veterinärdermatologen.

Published
2023

42. Ospedale da campo. Iquitos, Perù

Author

Marco, Cannata, Silvia, Colombo, Sheyla, Cosentino, Gianlorenzo, Dellabartola, and Ridolfi, Giuseppe

Subjects
hospital building, green buildings, sustainable design, BES, daylight analysis
Published
2020

43. Pruritus

Author

Silvia Colombo

Published
2020

44. Comparison of three therapeutic regimens for genotype-3 hepatitis C virus infection in a large real-life multicentre cohort

Author

Sergio Lazzaroni, Paolo Grossi, Chiara Molteni, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Pietro Lampertico, Luca Valenti, Alessio Aghemo, Alessia Giorgini, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Roberta D'Ambrosio, Federico Gatti, Omar Giglio, Daniele Bella, Davide Paolo Bernasconi, Giuseppe Lapadula, Sherrie Bhoori, Hamid Hasson, Monica Schiavini, Elisa Colella, Roberto Boldizzoni, A. Ciaccio, Simona Landonio, Andrea Capretti, Maria Cristina Vinci, Giuliano Rizzardini, Barbara Menzaghi, Elisabetta Degasperi, Caterina Uberti-Foppa, Chiara Baiguera, Andrea Lombardi, Gianpiero Aimo, Layla Pagnucco, Paolo Perini, Giuliana Cologni, Natalia Terreni, Paolo Bonfanti, Mauro Viganò, Paolo Viganò, Alessandro Soria, Roberto Rossotti, Massimo Puoti, Ombretta Spinelli, Canio Carriero, Silvia Polo, Guglielmo Marco Migliorino, Silvia Colombo, Riccardo Centenaro, Luisa Pasulo, Anna De Bona, E. Dionigi, Paolo Poggio, Franco Noventa, Isabella Carderi, Angelo Pan, Angiola Spinetti, Mariella Di Marco, Cecilia Liani, Stefano Fagiuoli, Marie Graciella Pigozzi, Marco Fava, Massimo Graffeo, Maria Grazia Rumi, Alberto Colombo, Soria, A., Fava, M., Bernasconi, D. P., Lapadula, G., Colella, E., Valsecchi, M. G., Migliorino, G. M., D'Ambrosio, R., Landonio, S., Schiavini, M., Spinetti, A., Carriero, C., Degasperi, E., Cologni, G., Gatti, F., Vigano, P., Hasson, H., Uberti-Foppa, C., Pasulo, L., Baiguera, C., Rossotti, R., Vinci, M., Puoti, M., Giorgini, A., Menzaghi, B., Lombardi, A., Pan, A., Aghemo, A., Grossi, P. A., Boldizzoni, R., Colombo, S., Vigano, M., Rumi, M. G., Del Poggio, P., Valenti, L., Giglio, O., De Bona, A., d'Arminio Monforte, A., Colombo, A., Spinelli, O., Pigozzi, M. G., Molteni, C., Bonfanti, P., Terreni, N., Perini, P., Capretti, A., Bella, D., Liani, C., Polo, S., Aimo, G., Pagnucco, L., Bhoori, S., Centenaro, R., Graffeo, M., Ciaccio, A., Dionigi, E., Lazzaroni, S., Carderi, I., Di Marco, M., Rizzardini, G., Noventa, F., Lampertico, P., Fagiuoli, S., Soria, A, Fava, M, Bernasconi, D, Lapadula, G, Colella, E, Valsecchi, M, Migliorino, G, D'Ambrosio, R, Landonio, S, Schiavini, M, Spinetti, A, Carriero, C, Degasperi, E, Cologni, G, Gatti, F, Vigano, P, Hasson, H, Uberti-Foppa, C, Pasulo, L, Baiguera, C, Rossotti, R, Vinci, M, Puoti, M, Giorgini, A, Menzaghi, B, Lombardi, A, Pan, A, Aghemo, A, Grossi, P, Boldizzoni, R, Colombo, S, Vigano, M, Rumi, M, Del Poggio, P, Valenti, L, Giglio, O, De Bona, A, d'Arminio Monforte, A, Colombo, A, Spinelli, O, Pigozzi, M, Molteni, C, Bonfanti, P, Terreni, N, Perini, P, Capretti, A, Bella, D, Liani, C, Polo, S, Aimo, G, Pagnucco, L, Bhoori, S, Centenaro, R, Graffeo, M, Ciaccio, A, Dionigi, E, Lazzaroni, S, Carderi, I, Di Marco, M, Rizzardini, G, Noventa, F, Lampertico, P, and Fagiuoli, S

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Daclatasvir, Genotype, Sofosbuvir, ribavirin, pibrentasvir, daclatasvir, genotype 3, glecaprevir, Hepatitis C, sofosbuvir, sustained virological response, velpatasvir, Hepacivirus, Antiviral Agents, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Ribavirin, medicine, Humans, Univariate analysis, Hepatology, business.industry, Glecaprevir, Hepatitis C, Chronic, medicine.disease, Pibrentasvir, Regimen, Treatment Outcome, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background & Aims: In the direct-acting antiviral era, treatment of genotype-3 HCV (HCV-GT3) is still challenging. Real-life comparisons between recommended regimens, sofosbuvir (SOF)+daclatasvir (DAC), SOF/velpatasvir (VEL), glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB), are scarce. We aimed at filling this data gap. Methods: Sustained virological response 12weeks after treatment completion (SVR12) was assessed for all HCV-GT3 patients consecutively treated within the Lombardia web-based Navigatore HCV-Network; differences in SVR12 across regimens were evaluated by logistic regression. Results: Of the 2082 subjects with HCV-GT3, 1544 were evaluable for comparisons between regimens: SOF+DAC (1023, 66.2%), SOF/VEL (369, 23.9%), GLE/PIB (152, 9.8%). Patients treated with former regimens were more frequently male, cirrhotic, HIV-positive, pretreated, used ribavirin in their regimen, and had lower baseline HCV-RNA. SVR12 was similar across groups: 94.8% in SOF+DAC, 97.6% in SOF/VEL, 96.7% in GLE/PIB (P=.065). At univariate analysis, SVR12 was associated with female gender (97.9% vs 94.8%, P=.007) and lower median pretreatment Log10HCV-RNA (5.87 vs 6.20, P=.001). At multivariate logistic regression analysis, treatment with SOF/VEL was associated with a higher likelihood of SVR12 than SOF+DAC, but only in the absence of ribavirin (98% vs 90.3%). Female gender and lower pretreatment HCV-RNA were independently associated with SVR12. Conclusions: In a large real-life setting of HCV-GT3-infected patients with a high proportion of cirrhosis, the success rate was remarkable. The slight advantage of SOF/VEL on SOF+DAC was significant only without ribavirin. The current prescription shift towards novel regimens (ie SOF/VEL and GLE/PIB) in easier-to-treat patients allows ribavirin-free and shorter schedules without mining SVR12 in this <> genotype.

Published
2020

45. Papules, Pustules, Furuncles and Crusts

Author

Silvia Colombo

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, integumentary system, business.industry, Feline diseases, Medicine, Diagnostic test, Disease, skin and connective tissue diseases, business, Dermatology
Abstract

Papules, pustules, furuncles, abscesses and crusts are common lesions in cats. With the exception of abscesses, they are often observed in combinations, representing different stages of the same disease evolving into one another. In general, these lesions are the expression of inflammatory diseases, with infectious, parasitic, allergic or autoimmune pathogenesis. Clinical presentations of papules, pustules, furuncles, abscesses and crusts and their preferential localization in selected feline diseases are described, together with useful diagnostic hints coming from signalment and history. A feline-specific clinical presentation called miliary dermatitis is characterized by multiple, small crusted papules and pruritus. The diagnostic approach to papules, pustules, furuncles, abscesses and crusts requires performing the diagnostic tests in a systematic way. Dermatophytosis is very common in cats, and diagnostic tests to diagnose or rule out this disease should be carried out in all cases presenting with papules, pustules, crusts or as miliary dermatitis.

Published
2020

46. Plaques, Nodules and Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex Lesions

Author

Silvia Colombo and Alessandra Fondati

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Eosinophilic granuloma complex, CATS, business.industry, Histopathological examination, medicine.disease, Lesion, Eosinophilic granuloma, Feline diseases, Eosinophilic, medicine, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Plaques and nodules, including the lesions belonging to the eosinophilic granuloma complex (EGC), are common in cats. Plaques and nodules are caused in most cases by infectious, allergic, metabolic or neoplastic diseases. Clinical presentations of plaques and nodules and their preferential localization in selected feline diseases are described, together with useful hints coming from signalment and history. A feline-specific group of plaques or nodules, known as the EGC, and its specific features are also addressed in this chapter. EGC traditionally comprises eosinophilic plaque (EP), eosinophilic granuloma (EG) and lip (indolent) ulcer (LU). The diagnostic approach to plaques and nodules starts with the cytological examination, which may help the clinician to differentiate between the neoplastic and the inflammatory nature of the lesion. Histopathological examination is required to make or to confirm the diagnosis, and further testing is usually suggested by the histopathological diagnosis.

Published
2020

47. Scaling

Author

Silvia Colombo

Published
2020

48. Alopecia

Author

Silvia Colombo

Published
2020

49. Ciclosporin and the cat: Current understanding and review of clinical use

Author

Roberta Sartori and Silvia Colombo

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, 040301 veterinary sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, MEDLINE, Cat Diseases, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Pharmacokinetics, medicine, Animals, Allergic dermatitis, Small Animals, Intensive care medicine, Adverse effect, media_common, CATS, business.industry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Ciclosporin, Safety profile, 030104 developmental biology, Immune System Diseases, Cats, Cyclosporine, business, Immunosuppressive Agents, medicine.drug
Abstract

Practical relevance: Ciclosporin (CsA) is a systemic immuno-modulatory drug widely used to treat immune-mediated diseases in humans and veterinary species. CsA was registered for use in cats in the USA and Europe in 2011, and is indicated for the treatment of chronic allergic dermatitis at a recommended daily dose of 7 mg/kg PO. Audience: This review will be of interest to all veterinarians working with cats, given the wide range of potential applications of CsA and its safety profile. Although the drug is currently only licensed to treat chronic allergic dermatitis in cats, a small number of reports describe its use in non-dermatological conditions. Evidence base: This article reviews the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse effects and clinical use of CsA, both for the licensed indication and for off-label use in the feline patient. Information presented has been summarised from the existing literature on CsA, with specific interest in studies carried out in cats. For its licensed indication, chronic allergic dermatitis, evidence provided includes randomised, placebo or prednisolone-controlled studies (EBM grade I) and prospective or retrospective open trials.

Published
2018

50. The European Union and the Gulf Cooperation Council : Towards a New Path

Author

Adel Abdel Ghafar, Silvia Colombo, Adel Abdel Ghafar, and Silvia Colombo

Subjects
International economic relations, International relations, Middle East—Politics and government, Europe—Politics and government
Abstract

This book provides a comprehensive assessment of the various dimensions of the relationship between the European Union and the Gulf Cooperation Council, and highlights how relations are yet to reach their full potential. Despite both parties sharing a number of common interests, including trade, energy, climate change, security and cultural cooperation, the multilateral cooperation framework remains limited, with most engagement taking place bilaterally, between individual European and GCC countries. The book reassesses the potential and prospects for the EU's engagement with GCC countries based on the recalibration and reconciliation of both parties'national and regional interests. Taking a thematic approach, each of the three sections of the book examines a key dimension of the relationship, its current status and its path forward.

Published
2021

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