143 results on '"Silla, Anne"'
Search Results
2. Potential of auxiliary strobe lights on train locomotives to improve level crossing safety
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Silla, Anne, Dressler, Annika, Lehtonen, Esko, Virtanen, Ari, Mesimäki, Johannes, and Grippenkoven, Jan
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- 2022
- Full Text
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3. Identifying measures with the highest potential to reduce suicides on Finnish railways
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Silla, Anne
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. E-mobility solutions for urban transportation : user needs across four continents
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Panagakos, George, Goletz, Mirko, Mejia, Alvin, Aittoniemi, Elina, Bruhn Barfod, Michael, Dhar, Subash, Munoz Barriga, Maria Rosa, Munshi, Talat, Prasad Painuly, Jyoti, Shrestha, Shritu, Silla, Anne, Teko, Edmund, Torrao, Guilhermina, Werland, Stefan, Dematera, Kathleen, Panagakos, George, Goletz, Mirko, Mejia, Alvin, Aittoniemi, Elina, Bruhn Barfod, Michael, Dhar, Subash, Munoz Barriga, Maria Rosa, Munshi, Talat, Prasad Painuly, Jyoti, Shrestha, Shritu, Silla, Anne, Teko, Edmund, Torrao, Guilhermina, Werland, Stefan, and Dematera, Kathleen
- Abstract
Aiming at setting up a global platform for e-mobility solutions, the EU-funded project SOLUTIONSplus (2020-2023) established nine living labs in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America to test innovative solutions involving new services, business models, vehicle types, and charging systems. A user needs analysis was undertaken in all project cities. The paper summarizes the main findings of this analysis and investigates the effect of the external environment on user needs. The perceived importance of electric vehicles in mobility patterns, quality of life, and city environment is examined, along with expected challenges in the respective market penetration. It is found that these perceptions are correlated with external factors such as air pollution or traffic congestion, leading to possible adjustments of the e-mobility promoting efforts according to the local stakeholder priorities.
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- 2024
5. Can cyclist safety be improved with intelligent transport systems?
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Silla, Anne, Leden, Lars, Rämä, Pirkko, Scholliers, Johan, Van Noort, Martijn, and Bell, Daniel
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- 2017
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6. Prevalence and factors associated with pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries: case Finland
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Malin, Fanny, Silla, Anne, and Mladenović, Miloš N.
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- 2020
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7. Effect of railway safety education on the safety knowledge and behaviour intention of schoolchildren
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Silla, Anne and Kallberg, Veli-Pekka
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- 2016
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8. Impact Assessment of Its Applications for Vulnerable Road Users
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Scholliers, Johan, van Noort, Martijn, Johansson, Charlotta, Mans, Dick, Silla, Anne, Bell, Daniel, Hancox, Graham, Leden, Lars, Giannelos, Ioannis, Bax, Bregtje, and Malone, Kerry
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. E-mobility solutions for urban transportation:User needs across four continents
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Panagakos, George, Goletz, Mirko, Habelwander, Marc, Mejia, Alvin, Aittoniemi, Elina, Barfod, Michael Bruhn, Dhar, Subash, Barriga, Maria Rosa Muñoz, Munshi, Talat, Painuly, Jyoti Prasad, Shrestha, Shritu, Silla, Anne, Teko, Edmund, Torrao, Guilhermina, Werland, Stefan, Dematera, Kathleen, Panagakos, George, Goletz, Mirko, Habelwander, Marc, Mejia, Alvin, Aittoniemi, Elina, Barfod, Michael Bruhn, Dhar, Subash, Barriga, Maria Rosa Muñoz, Munshi, Talat, Painuly, Jyoti Prasad, Shrestha, Shritu, Silla, Anne, Teko, Edmund, Torrao, Guilhermina, Werland, Stefan, and Dematera, Kathleen
- Abstract
Aiming at setting up a global platform for e-mobility solutions, the EU-funded project SOLUTIONSplus (2020-2023) established nine living labs in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America to test innovative solutions involving new services, business models, vehicle types, and charging systems. A user needs analysis was undertaken in all project cities. The paper summarizes the main findings of this analysis and investigates the effect of the external environment on user needs. The perceived importance of electric vehicles in mobility patterns, quality of life, and city environment is examined, along with expected challenges in the respective market penetration. It is found that these perceptions are correlated with external factors such as air pollution or traffic congestion, leading to possible adjustments of the e-mobility promoting efforts according to the local stakeholder priorities.
- Published
- 2023
10. Identifying crashes potentially affected by conditionally automated vehicles in Finland
- Author
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Malin, Fanny, Silla, Anne, Mesimäki, Johannes, Innamaa, Satu, and Peltola, Harri
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Automated driving ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Applied Mathematics ,killed and seriously injured ,Automotive Engineering ,Aerospace Engineering ,Empirical Bayes method ,Software ,Computer Science Applications ,Information Systems - Abstract
The objective of the study was to identify the number and national fraction of crashes that could be affected by universal adoption of conditionally automated vehicles (SAE3) based on the expected number of injury crashes, fatalities, and serious injuries in Finland. The study considered passenger cars with automated driving systems (ADS) for motorways and urban areas. The results show that of the national annual average, the motorway ADS has the potential to affect at maximum 3.3% of injury crashes, 3.1% of fatalities, and 3.2% of serious injuries. The corresponding fractions for urban ADS in the four largest Finnish cities were: 2.2%, 1.1% and 2.5%. Of the cities’ annual average, urban ADS has the potential to affect at the most 17.4% of injury crashes, 17.1% of fatalities, and 26.8% of serious injuries. Although the market introduction of these ADS is on the horizon, deployment can be expected to be slow, indicating a need for additional measures to reach the traffic safety goals.
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- 2022
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11. Recommendations for actions concerning supporting ITS developments for VRUs
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Mans, Dick, Giannelos, Ioannis, van Breemen, Ricardo, Rood, Menzo, Silla, Anne, Rämä, Pirkko, Scholliers, Johan, Perez, Oscar Martin, and Malone, Kerry
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- 2017
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12. Safety, mobility and comfort assessment methodologies of intelligent transport systems for vulnerable road users
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Malone, Kerry, Silla, Anne, Johanssen, Charlotta, and Bell, Daniel
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- 2017
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13. A headway to improve PTW rider safety within the EU through three types of ITS
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Silla, Anne, Leden, Lars, Rämä, Pirkko, Scholliers, Johan, van Noort, Martijn, Morris, Andrew, Hancox, Graham, and Bell, Daniel
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- 2018
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14. Tieliikenneturvallisuusindikaattoritietojen kerääminen – Baseline-tutkimushanke
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Silla, Anne, Mesimäki, Johannes, Peltola, Harri, Itkonen, Teemu, Lehtonen, Esko, and Rajamäki, Riikka
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nopeus ,indikaattori ,tieliikenne ,ajoneuvokanta ,liikenneturvallisuus ,infrastruktuuri ,alkoholi ,tarkkaamattomuus ,ensivaste - Abstract
Tässä raportissa kuvattu työ tehtiin osana Euroopan komission osittain rahoittamaa Baseline-tutkimushanketta, jossa kerättiin liikenneturvallisuusindikaattoritietoja hankkeessa mukana olevista 19 Euroopan unionin jäsenmaasta. Tavoitteena oli kehittää ja harmonisoida liikenneturvallisuuden parantamiseksi ja liikenneturvallisuustilanteen seuraamiseksi tarvittavan tärkeän taustatiedon keräämistä. Baseline-hankkeessa koottiin tietoa kahdeksasta liikenneturvallisuusindikaattorista, jotka ovat yhtenevät Euroopan komission määrittämien liikenneturvallisuusindikaattoreiden kanssa (Euroopan komission, 2020): 1) Nopeusrajoitusta noudattavien autojen osuus, 2) Turvavyötä tai lastenistuinta oikein käyttävien ajoneuvon matkustajien osuus, 3) Kypärää käyttävien polku-pyöräilijöiden, mopoilijoiden ja moottoripyöräilijöiden osuus, 4) Niiden kuljettajien osuus, joiden veren alkoholipitoisuus on sallituissa rajoissa, 5) Niiden kuljettajien osuus, jotka eivät käytä kädessä pidettävää mobiililaitetta ajon aikana, 6) Tietyn EuroNCAP-tähtiluokituksen saavien uusien henkilöautojen osuus, 7) Tietyn turvallisuusluokituksen teillä ajettujen ajokilometrien osuus, ja 8) Aika hätäpuhelun ja ensimmäisten pelastajien saapumisen välillä henkilövahinko-onnettomuuksissa.Suomen osalta hankkeessa kerättiin ja tuotettiin indikaattoritiedot kuudesta indikaattorista:1.Nopeusrajoitusta noudattavien autojen osuus (2021): 43,6 % (kaikki tiet)2.Niiden kuljettajien osuus, joiden veren alkoholipitoisuus on sallituissa rajoissa; viimeisen 30 pv aikana (2022): 96,1 %3.Niiden kuljettajien osuus, jotka eivät käytä kädessä pidettävää mobiililaitetta ajon aikana (2021): 98,2 % (kaikki tiet)4.Tietyn EuroNCAP-tähtiluokituksen saavien uusien henkilöautojen osuus (2020): 85,2 % (5 tähteä), 90,4 % (4 tähteä)5.Tietyn turvallisuusluokituksen teillä ajettujen ajokilometrien osuusa.tieosilla, joilla onnettomuuskustannukset ajokilometriä kohti ovat pienemmät kuin mitä ne ovat puolella kyseisen tieluokan tiepituudesta (2016–2020): 76,8 % (kaikki tiet)b.maaseudulla nopeusrajoitus on enintään 70 km/h, taajamassa nopeusrajoitus on enintään 40 km/h tai ajosuunnat on eroteltu toisistaan (2016–2020): 45,0 % (kaikki tiet)6.Aika hätäpuhelun ja ensimmäisten pelastajien saapumisen välillä henkilövahinko-onnettomuuksissa, 95. prosenttipiste (2020): 25,53 min (kaikki tiet)
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- 2022
15. Driving Licence Act reform: impact on traffic safety
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Lehtonen, Esko, Mesimäki, Johannes, Silla, Anne, and Peltola, Harri
- Abstract
Uusi ajokorttilaki astui voimaan 1.7.2018. Työn tavoitteena oli selvittää ajokorttilain uudistuksen liikenneturvallisuusvaikutuksia tieliikenteen onnettomuustilastojen valossa. Tarkastelu perustui pääasiassa Tilastokeskuksen tieliikenneonnettomuustilastoon, joka sisältää poliisin tietoon tulleet tieliikenneonnettomuudet. Tieliikenneonnettomuustilaston tiedot yhdistettiin Traficomin liikenneasioiden rekisterin ajokorttitietojen kanssa. Tuloksia verrattiin myös Väyläviraston tieliikenneonnettomuusrekisterin, Vakuutusyhtiöiden liikennevahinkotilaston, OTIn tutkijalautakunta-aineiston sekä Ruotsin tieliikenneonnettomuusaineiston tietojen kanssa. Analyysi painottui henkilövahinko-onnettomuuksiin.Ajokorttiuudistuksen ei havaittu olennaisesti vaikuttaneen henkilövahinkojen kokonaismäärän nuorten (15–20-vuotiaiden) ikäryhmissä tai tarkasteltaessa uusia kuljettajia ajokorttiluokittain. Mahdollisten vaikutusten tunnistamista vaikeuttivat muun muassa koronapandemian myötä tapahtuneet muutokset liikennesuoritteessa, joista ei ole saatavilla ikäryhmittäistä tietoa. 17–19-vuotiaiden henkilö- ja pakettiauton kuljettajien osallisuus henkilövahinko-onnettomuuksissa on kehittynyt Suomessa ja Ruotsissa samansuuntaisesti, mikä osaltaan tukee johtopäätöstä, ettei uudistuksella ole ollut olennaista vaikutusta henkilövahinko-onnettomuuksien lukumäärään. Tarkemmat analyysit viittaavat kuitenkin siihen, että onnettomuustyypeissä ja onnettomuuksien ominaisuuksissa on tapahtunut muutoksia. Yksi uuden ajokorttilain keskeisiä muutoksia oli, että 17-vuotiaat saivat B-ajokortin ns. ikäpoikkeusluvan perusteella. 17-vuotiaille myönnettyjen B-ajokorttien määrä onkin kasvanut voimakkaasti ja vastaavasti 18–19-vuotiaille myönnettyjen B-korttien määrä laskenut. Vuonna 2018, heti ajokorttiuudistuksen jälkeen, 17-vuotiaiden uusien henkilö- ja pakettiauton kuljettajien todennäköisyys joutua henkilövahinko-onnettomuuteen 12 kk sisällä ajokortin saamisesta oli suurempi kuin muilla uusilla kuljettajilla (17-v. 1,32 % vs. 18–19-v. 0,56 % ja ≥ 20-v. 0,38 %). Todennäköisyys joutua onnettomuuteen on kuitenkin tästä laskenut ja vuonna 2020 ajokortin saaneilla 17-vuotiailla se oli 0,54 %. Toisin sanoen, 17-vuotiaiden todennäköisyys joutua henkilövahinko-onnettomuuteen on jopa alittanut tason, jolla 18–19-vuotiaat olivat vuonna 2018 (0,56 %) ja tätä ennen. Samalla myös vanhempien ikäryhmien todennäköisyys on laskenut (vuonna 2020 18-19-v., 0,37 % ja ≥ 20-v. 0,22 %).Kokonaisuudessaan 17-vuotiaiden korkeampi todennäköisyys joutua henkilövahinko-onnettomuuteen 12 kk sisällä ajokortin saamisesta voi merkittävässä määrin selittyä heidän suuremmalla ajosuoritteellaan. Ikäpoikkeusluvan perusteenahan on tarve käyttää henkilöautoa liikkumiseen. 17-vuotiaiden siirtyminen henkilöauton kuljettajiksi ja heidän sitä myötä lisääntynyt henkilöauton ajosuoritteensa voivat selittää myös sen, että ajokorttiuudistuksen jälkeen 17-vuotiaiden kuljettajien henkilövahingot vähemmän kolariturvallisilla moottoriajoneuvoilla (mopot, mopoautot, moottoripyörät, traktorit) ovat vähentyneet, mutta samalla henkilövahingot henkilö- tai pakettiauton kuljettajina ovat vastaavasti lisääntyneet. 17-vuotiaiden siirtyminen henkilö- ja pakettiauton kuljettajiksi on myös kaksinkertaistanut muiden osapuolten (vastapuolten sekä 17-vuotiaiden kuljettajien matkustajien) henkilövahinkojen määrän 17-vuotiaiden moottoriajoneuvojen kuljettajien onnettomuuksissa. Tässäkin suhteessa 17-vuotiaat vaikuttavat siis lähestyvän 18–19-vuotiaita kuljettajia, joilla muiden osapuolten henkilövahingot ylittävät heidän omien henkilövahinkojensa lukumäärän. Ajosuoritteen muutoksen myötä kohonnut 17-vuotiaiden kuljettajien onnettomuuksien muiden osapuolten ja 17-vuotiaiden kuljettajien matkustajien henkilövahinkojen lukumäärä on kuitenkin vielä sen verran pieni, ettei se tule esiin, jos tarkastellaan henkilövahinkojen lukumäärää ikäryhmittäin tai ajokorttiluokittain.
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- 2022
16. Identifying crashes potentially affected by conditionally automated vehicles in Finland.
- Author
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Malin, Fanny, Silla, Anne, Mesimäki, Johannes, Innamaa, Satu, and Peltola, Harri
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AUTONOMOUS vehicles ,EXPRESS highways ,TRAFFIC safety ,CITIES & towns ,EMPIRICAL Bayes methods - Abstract
The objective of the study was to identify the number and national fraction of crashes that could be affected by universal adoption of conditionally automated vehicles (SAE3) based on the expected number of injury crashes, fatalities, and serious injuries in Finland. The study considered passenger cars with automated driving systems (ADS) for motorways and urban areas. The results show that of the national annual average, the motorway ADS has the potential to affect at maximum 3.3% of injury crashes, 3.1% of fatalities, and 3.2% of serious injuries. The corresponding fractions for urban ADS in the four largest Finnish cities were: 2.2%, 1.1% and 2.5%. Of the cities' annual average, urban ADS has the potential to affect at the most 17.4% of injury crashes, 17.1% of fatalities, and 26.8% of serious injuries. Although the market introduction of these ADS is on the horizon, deployment can be expected to be slow, indicating a need for additional measures to reach the traffic safety goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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17. Main characteristics of train–pedestrian fatalities on Finnish railroads
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Silla, Anne and Luoma, Juha
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- 2012
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18. The development of railway safety in Finland
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Silla, Anne and Kallberg, Veli-Pekka
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- 2012
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19. Opinions on railway trespassing of people living close to a railway line
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Silla, Anne and Luoma, Juha
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- 2012
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20. Effect of three countermeasures against the illegal crossing of railway tracks
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Silla, Anne and Luoma, Juha
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- 2011
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21. Seeking a new route for trespass prevention
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Silla, Anne and Kallberg, Veli-Pekka
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Trespass ,Railroads ,Business ,Transportation industry - Abstract
The European Restrail research project, which concluded in October 2014, investigated means to reduce fatal incidents and suicides on Europe's railways, including two approaches to prevent illegal trespassing in Finland. [...]
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- 2015
22. Short Sea Shipping, intermodality and parameters influencing pricing policies: the Mediterranean case
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Grosso, Monica, Lynce, Ana-Rita, Silla, Anne, and Vaggelas, Georgios K.
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- 2010
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23. Trespassing on Finnish railways: identification of problem sites and characteristics of trespassing behaviour
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Silla, Anne and Luoma, Juha
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- 2009
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24. L3Pilot Deliverable D7.4: Impact evaluation results
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Bjorvatn, Afsane, Page, Yves, Fahrenkrog, Felix, Weber, Hendrik, Aittoniemi, Elina, Heum, Per, Lehtonen, Esko, Silla, Anne, Bärgman, Jonas, Borrack, Marcel, Innamaa, Satu, Itkonen, Teemu, Malin, Fanny, Pedersen, Karl, Schuldes, Michael, Sintonen, Henri, Streubel, Thomas, Hagleitner, Walter, Hermitte, Thierry, Hiller, Johannes, and Torrao, Guilhermina
- Published
- 2021
25. Evaluation of Level crossing Safety Measures:Applicability of the Framework to Innovative and Low-cost Measures
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Silla, Anne
- Abstract
This paper presents an assessment framework with 13 criteria to systematically evaluate measures for improving the safety of level crossings (LCs). The criteria were first applied in the Finnish context, where eight safety measures were estimated to reduce LC accidents by more than 20%. Next, the estimates from the Finnish study were used as a starting point for evaluating innovative and cost-effective LC safety measures piloted during an EU project, SAFER-LC. One such measure was estimated to potentially reduce LC accidents by more than 20%. The proposed assessment framework is a good way to assess and categorise LC safety measures. The summary of the assessment criteria is further intended for decision-makers looking to implement effective measures in a specific situation or at a particular LC.
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- 2021
26. L3Pilot Deliverable D3.4:Evaluation Plan
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Innamaa, Satu, Aittoniemi, Elina, Bjorvatn, Afsaneh, Fahrenkrog, Felix, Gwehenberger, Johann, Lehtonen, Esko, Louw, Tyron, Malin, Fanny, Penttinen, Merja, Schindhelm, Roland, Silla, Anne, Weber, Hendrik, Borrack, Marcel, Di Lillo, Luigi, Merat, Natasha, Metz, Barbara, Page, Yves, Shi, Elisabeth, and Sintonen, Henri
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L3Pilot ,automation pilot - Abstract
Version: 1.0
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- 2020
27. Study on the feasibility, costs and benefits of retrofitting advanced driver assistance to improve road safety
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Scholliers, Johan, Modijefsky, Michiel, Janse, Rick, Tarkiainen, Mikko, Silla, Anne, and van den Born, Guus
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cost-benefit analysis ,feasibility study ,intelligent transport system ,road safety - Abstract
The European Parliament has adopted regulation (EU) 2019/2144, which will make several ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) mandatory in new models from June 2022 onward and in all new vehicles from June 2024 onwards. However, due to the slow renewal of the vehicle fleet, it will take several years before a meaningful portion of the fleet is equipped with these lifesaving systems. To compensate for this, the safety of existing vehicles could be improved with retrofit ADAS systems. The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility, costs and benefits of retrofitting ADAS. This study examined the technical feasibility of various retrofit ADAS systems and assessed the following in greater detail: Forward Collision Warning, Lane Departure Warning, Advanced Driver Distraction Warning, Speed Limit Information, Reversing Detection, Tyre Pressure Monitoring system, Turn Assistant for trucks and 112 eCall. The study examines the potential safety impacts of retrofitting the vehicle fleet and presents a cost-benefit assessment for the measures. This report addresses voluntarily installable measures as well as mandatory measures.
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- 2020
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28. Human factor methodological framework:SAFER-LC project Deliverable D2.5
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Havarneanu, Grigore, Silla, Anne, Lehtonen, Esko, Prieto, Eduardo, Herranz, Aida, Dressler, Annika, Kortsari, Annie, Boufidis, Neofytos, Salanova Grau, Josep Maria, and Aifadopoulou, Georgia
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safety ,methodological framework ,assessment ,measures ,human factor ,level crossing - Abstract
The Human Factors methodological framework was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of selected safety measures in terms of making level crossings (LCs) more self-explaining and forgiving, and hence increasing their safety. The methodological framework includes a practical Human Factors Assessment Tool (HFAT) accompanied by an implementation guide which presents how the HFAT can be used in a real case study. The purpose of this deliverable is to summarise the theoretical background of the Human Factors methodological framework and the development process of the first version of the Human Factors Assessment Tool. In addition, this deliverable aims to explain how the HFAT was adjusted and updated in the second part of the project based on feedback obtained during the HFAT testing phase in four of the project’s pilot tests, covering 14 measures.
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- 2020
29. Human factor methodological framework. Deliverable D2.5 of the SAFER-LC Project
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Havârneanu, Grigore, Silla, Anne, Lehtonen, E., Prieto, E., Herranz, A., Dreßler, Annika, Kortsari, Annie, Boufidis, Neofytos, Salanova Grau, J.M., and Aifadopoulou, G.
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safety ,human information processing ,Human Factors ,Infrastruktur ,Straßennutzer ,infrastructure ,road users ,Sicherheit ,pilot tests ,level crossings ,V2X ,Evaluation ,rail ,Bahnübergänge ,Bahn - Published
- 2020
30. Evaluation of new human-centred low-cost measures. Deliverable D2.4 of the SAFER-LC project
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Dreßler, Annika, Silla, Anne, Havârneanu, Grigore, Boufidis, Neofytos, Taillandier, Virginie, Herranz, Aida, and Grippenkoven, Jan
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safety ,Human Factors ,Infrastruktur ,Straßennutzer ,infrastructure ,road users ,Sicherheit ,pilot tests ,level crossings ,V2X ,Evaluation ,rail ,Bahnübergänge ,Bahn - Published
- 2020
31. Estimation of the number of accidents at level crossing:Update of accident prediction models in 2019
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Peltola, Harri and Silla, Anne
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onnettomuudet ,turvallisuus ,tasoristeykset ,ennusteet ,mallinnus - Abstract
Tavoitteena oli kehittää tasoristeyksissä tapahtuvien onnettomuuksien ennustemenetelmää. Sitä varten tarkasteltiin autoliikenteen käytössä olevien tasoristeysten turvallisuuteen vaikuttavia tekijöitä ja vertailtiin erilaisia onnettomuusmalleja sekä niiden perusteella tuotettuja onnettomuusennusteita.Nykyään käytössä olevassa Tarva LC -arviointiohjelmassa tasoristeysten onnettomuusennusteet perustuvat 19 vuoden onnettomuushistorian ja seitsemän muuttujan avulla laaditun onnettomuusmallin tietojen yhdistämiseen. Ennusteiden on todettu kuvaavan hyvin tasoristeysten välillä olevia eroja onnettomuusalttiudessa.Autoliikenteen tasoristeyksissä tapahtuneiden onnettomuuksien lukumäärän mallintaminen aloitettiin tarkastelemalla mallinnukseen käytettävissä olevia muuttujia sekä niiden yksittäisvaikutuksia onnettomuusriskiin tasoristeykseen saapuvaa tieajoneuvoa kohti. Keskeisimpiä onnettomuusriskiin vaikuttavia tekijöitä olivat varoituslaitteiden olemassaolo, sekä auto- ja junaliikenteen vuorokausiliikennemäärä. Näiden tekijöiden perusteella laaditun perusmallin avulla tarkasteltiin muiden tekijöiden vaikutusta tasoristeyksen onnettomuusriskiin. Laskentojen tuloksia voidaan käyttää tasoristeysten turvallisuuden parantamistoimenpiteiden suuntaamisen tausta-aineistona.Tarkastelujen perustella Tarva LC:ssä ehdotetaan kevään 2020 päivityksestä alkaen käytettäväksi onnettomuusmallia, joka perustuu kymmenen vuoden onnettomuusaineistoon. Ehdotettavassa tasoristeysonnettomuuksien riskiä saapuvaa tieajoneuvoa kohti kuvaavassa mallissa muuttujina ovat tasoristeyksen varoituslaitteet yhdessä näkemäpuutteiden kanssa, tieluokka sekä tasoristeyksessä kulkevien autojen ja junien määrä vuorokaudessa. Ehdotettavalla mallilla on hyvä selitysaste ja muuttujien tilastollinen merkitsevyys. Mallin valintaan vaikuttivat mallinnuksissa vakaana pysyvät muuttujien vaikutukset, selkeä tulkinta ja loogisuus. Samaa mallirakennetta ja muuttujia ehdotetaan käytettäväksi sekä kaikille onnettomuuksille että Euroopan unionin rautatieviraston (ERA) määritelmän mukaisille merkittäville onnettomuuksille.
- Published
- 2020
32. Results of the evaluation of pilot tests. Deliverable D4.4 of the SAFER-LC project
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Silla, Anne, Virtanen, Ari, Lehtonen, E., Boufidis, Neofytos, Salanova Grau, J.M., Dreßler, Annika, Grippenkoven, Jan, Taillandier, Virginie, Khoudour, L., Bakey, C., Garrigos, J.P., Francoise, C., Jacqueline, D., Antoine, R., Boukour, F., Edelmayer, A., Ruffin, C., and Zotos, T.
- Subjects
safety ,Human Factors ,Infrastruktur ,Straßennutzer ,infrastructure ,road users ,Sicherheit ,pilot tests ,level crossings ,V2X ,Erprobung ,rail ,Bahnübergänge ,Bahn - Abstract
This deliverable collects the main results obtained from evaluations of the piloted safety measures selected in earlier phases of the SAFER-LC project. This deliverable reports the descriptions of the piloted measures, method and data to evaluate the safety effects of the selected measures, as well as the results of evaluations together with their discussion. More detailed information about the implementation of the measures and execution of pilots can be found from deliverable D4.3 of the SAFER-LC project (Carrese et al., 2019). In some cases, deliverable D4.3 also reports details on the development of the measure. The main inputs for this deliverable from other SAFER-LC activities originate from Work Package 2 (WP2), Work Package 3 (WP3) and earlier tasks of WP4. The earlier deliverables of WP4 produced implementation guidelines for the pilots (D4.1; SAFER-LC Consortium, 2018a) by providing an overview of the major testing environments that were available for piloting in the SAFER-LC project. The available pilot test environments ranged from simulation environments to real (or close to real) traffic circumstances. Deliverable D4.2 (SAFER-LC Consortium, 2018b) describes the proposed evaluation framework including a list of parameters from which the partners could select the most appropriate ones for the evaluation of their pilot. The identified Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) were arranged into five categories: ‘Safety’, ‘Traffic’, ‘Human behaviour’, ‘Technical’, and ‘Business’. Finally, the deliverable D4.3 (Carrese et al., 2019) describes the pilot activities carried out in WP4 by documenting the implementation and execution of pilots in various level crossing environments in different countries. This deliverable reports the evaluation results of 21 safety measures that were piloted at eight pilot sites during the SAFER-LC project. The number of piloted safety measures varied by pilot site and the pilot test sites varied from simulation studies to controlled conditions and real railway environments. In some cases, the selected measures were not suitable for piloting in a real world experimental context and/or the implementation in real railway environment was not feasible, for example, due to financial resources, timing of our piloting period and/or lack of suitable pilot site(s). Therefore, pilot test sites in the SAFER-LC projects varied from simulation studies to controlled conditions and real railway environments. Some of the measures (‘In-vehicle warnings to driver’, and ‘Additional lights to train front’) were tested in two different environments to collect complementary information on their safety effects via two types of installation. Due to the nature of the conducted pilots (small-scale pilot tests), it was hardly possible to calculate any quantitative estimates for safety effects of the measures in terms of annual reductions in the number of LC fatalities and/or accidents based on the results of the pilots. However, since numerical estimates of safety effects are needed for cost-benefit calculations (WP5 of the SAFER-LC project), the authors made an attempt to draw these estimates based on the applicability of safety measures to different LC types, road users and behaviours leading to LC accidents based on pre-existing information on the effects of LC safety measures. The authors acknowledge that many uncertainties are related to these estimates. However, the assumptions used in the calculations are clearly documented and hence the estimates can be easily updated if more detailed statistics or more information on safety effects become available. Therefore, a detailed documentation of LC accident data (information on additional variables and details) is highly recommended to enable drawing of these estimates. Based on the safety potential calculations presented in chapter 5 the piloted measures that were estimated to have the highest safety benefits are: − Additional lights at the train front, covering measures ‘Additional warning light system at front of the locomotive (6.0–12.0%)’ and ‘Improved train visibility using lights (6.0–30.0%)’. This measure was estimated to have rather high effectiveness (prevention of 15–30% of relevant LC accidents) and target rather large share of LC accidents (19.9−96.3% depending on the approach). − In-vehicle train and LC proximity warning (4.4–15.0%). It is important to be noted that the effectiveness of this measure depends on the usage of the in-vehicle devices. In practice, the car driver needs to install the application on a smart mobile device, and location tracking should be enabled on this device while driving. Furthermore, the driver needs to allow the application to run seamlessly on the background and also notice the visual or auditory warning in order to perform the required action on time (e.g. stop before the LC). However, these latter requirements are valid for all LC safety measures. − Speed bumps and flashing posts (2.0–8.0%). This accident reduction estimate concerns the situation where the measure is implemented to passive LCs (where the highest safety effects were expected in Dressler et al. 2018). − Blinking lights drawing driver attention (Perilight) (2.0–8.0%). This measure is targeted to passive LCs. Some concerns on applicability of piloted safety measures in different railway environments are listed below: − Written letters on ground and coloured road marking: Any road marking can only be applied on a paved road with an even surface. Thus, the message written on the road does not hold for road environments such as gravel roads, cobblestone, tracks etc. Furthermore, these measures are not perfectly suitable to countries with snow and long winter with darkness. − Noise-producing pavement and speed bumps: These measures are not well suited to gravel roads. In addition, these measures are not effective in case of snow. − Blinking amber light with train symbol and blinking lights drawing driver attention (Perilight): It is important to note that these measures are targeted to passive LCs and require power. However, in practice many of passive LCs no mains power is available and thus other alternative power sources need to be investigated. The effectiveness of these measures was estimated somewhat lower than active LCs with sound and/or light warning since the warning in these measures is linked to LC approach and not to actual arrival of train. − In-vehicle train and LC proximity warning: This system may not operate satisfactory for LCs surrounded by roads on which Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reception is poor. Overall, the safety effect results of the piloted measures are promising. Therefore, it is recommended that some of most promising measures will be tested in larger scale real world experiments with well-planned research designs to obtain more information on their effects (also on long term) on road user behaviour and thus on road safety. This would also support the more exact numerical estimation of safety effects of the piloted measures. The results of this deliverable will serve as input for WP5 that deals with cost-benefit analyses. The estimates of safety effects of each measure will be used in cost-benefit or cost-effectiveness calculations and the experiences collected during the piloting will support the drawing of final recommendations for the SAFER-LC project.
- Published
- 2020
33. Evaluation of new human-centred low-cost measures:SAFER-LC project Deliverable D2.4
- Author
-
Dressler, Annika, Silla, Anne, Havarneanu, Grigore, Boufidis, Neofytos, Taillandier, Virginie, Herranz, Aida, and Grippenkoven, Jan
- Subjects
assessment ,safety measure ,human factor ,level crossing ,innovative - Abstract
This deliverable describes the methods applied and the results achieved during the evaluation of new human-centred low-cost measures to improve safety at level crossings (LCs). The work presented in this deliverable focuses on enhancing the safety performance of level crossing infrastructures from a human-factors perspective, making them more self-explaining and forgiving. The main inputs used in the evaluation were: the SAFER-LC: the developed human factors methodological framework which was developed within the SAFER-Lc project and the results of the pilot tests of innovative LC safety measures performed also as part of the SAFER-LC project.
- Published
- 2019
34. Results of the evaluation of the pilot tests:SAFER-LC project Deliverable D4.4
- Author
-
Silla, Anne, Virtanen, Ari, Lehtonen, Esko, Boufidis, Neofytos, Salanova Grau, Josep Maria, Dressler, Annika, Grippenkoven, Jan, Taillandier, Virginie, Khoudour, Louahdi, Bakey, Chafik, Garrigos, Jean-paul, Francoise, Christian, Jacqueline, Delphine, Antoine, Raphael, Boukour, Fouzia, Edelmayer, Andras, Ruffin, Clement, and Zotos, Ted
- Subjects
safety ,piloting ,assessment ,level crossing - Abstract
This deliverable collects the main results obtained from evaluations of the piloted safety measures selected in earlier phases of the SAFER-LC project. This deliverable reports the descriptions of the piloted measures at railway level crossings, method and data to evaluate the safety effects of the selected measures, as well as the results of evaluations together with their discussion.
- Published
- 2019
35. Pilot operation report:SAFER-LC project Deliverable D4.3
- Author
-
Carrese, Stefano, Petrelli, Marco, Renna, Alessandra, Virtanen, Ari, Silla, Anne, Mesimäki, Johannes, Salanova Grau, Josep Maria, Dressler, Annika, Grippenkoven, Jan, Taillandier, Virginie, Khoudour, Louahdi, Jacqueline, Delphine, Boukour, Fouzia, Edelmayer, Andras, Ruffin, Clement, Kassa, Elias, and Korkmaz, Canan Sisman
- Subjects
piloting ,execution ,field test ,safety measure ,implementation ,simulation ,level crossing - Abstract
This report describes the execution of pilot tests within the SAFER-LC project. Specifically, this report concerns the implementation and the execution of the tests built in various level crossing environments in different countries. Simulation tools (in-vitro) and prototype systems running in close-to-reality situations under controlled conditions were used for better understanding human reaction to the proposed measures and to optimize the system operation and design, by means of testing and fine-tuning the solutions developed within the project. Additionally, various measures were tested under these environments for cases too dangerous or complex to test in the real-world pilot activities. The integrated tests were implemented in the test-track hosted by the Aachen University, where the whole chain, from detection and communication to awareness increase and barriers operation have been demonstrated. In addition, some functionalities were tested under real-world conditions. The simulation, controlled and field tests were carried based on the use cases defined in the beginning of the project.
- Published
- 2019
36. Kustannustehokkaat keinot vähentää itsemurhia Suomen rautateillä
- Author
-
Silla, Anne
- Subjects
safety ,prevention ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,railways ,suicide - Abstract
Työn tavoitteena oli kartoittaa kustannustehokkaimpia toimenpiteitä rautateillä tehtävien itsemurhien vähentämiseksi Suomessa. Tutkimusmenetelmä koostui kirjallisuuskatsauksesta, asiantuntija-arvioinneista sekä asiantuntijoille suunnatusta työpajasta. Arvioitaviksi otettiin mahdollisimman kattavasti EU:n RESTRAIL-hankkeessa ja Yhdysvalloissa tehdyssä selvityksessä tunnistettuja toimenpiteitä. Tämä tutkimus kattoi 21 toimenpidettä, joita arvioitiin työn aikanamääritettyjen 12 arviointikriteerin mukaisesti. Toimenpiteiden arvioinnissa tutkija täytti arviointilomakkeet oman asiantuntemuksensa ja kirjallisuudesta saatujen tietojen perusteella. Sen jälkeen arviointilomakkeiden sisältöjä täydennettiin, korjattiin ja tarkennettiin projektiryhmässä ja ohjausryhmän kokouksessa käytyjen keskusteluiden sekä työpajassa saadun palautteen perusteella. Toimenpiteet priorisoitiin työpajassa tehtyjen loppuarviointien perusteella. Ennen loppuarviointien tekemistä asiantuntijat tutustuivat toimenpiteisiin ja niiden arviointilomakkeisiin. Priorisoinnissa toimenpiteet luokiteltiin kolmeen ryhmään, joille annettiin seuraavia suosituksia: Korkeimman prioriteetin toimenpiteet (n=7): Toimenpiteiden toteutuksesta kerätään tietoa eri maista. Lisäksi selvitetään tarkemmin näiden toimenpiteiden toteutuksen tämän hetkistä tasoa Suomessa ja pohditaan, onko toimenpiteiden toteuttaminen realistista ja/tai voiko nykyistä toteutustapaa tehostaa tämän projektin aikana kerättyjen tietojen perusteella.Toiseksi korkeimmalla prioriteetilla olevat toimenpiteet (n=9): Selvitetään näiden toimenpiteiden toteutuksen tämän hetkistä tasoa Suomessa ja pohditaan, onko niiden toteuttaminen realistista ja/tai voiko nykyistä toteutustapaa tehostaa tämän projektin aikana kerättyjen tietojen perusteella. Alimman prioriteetin toimenpiteet (n=5): Näiden toimenpiteiden osalta seurataan mitä maailmalla tapahtuu. Toimenpiteiden käytännön toteutuksen suunnitteluun ei kuitenkaantässä vaiheessa käytetä resursseja. Korkeimman prioriteetin toimenpiteiksi arvioitiin: rautateiden henkilökunnan kouluttaminen tunnistamaan itsetuhoisia henkilöitä, rautatiealueen valvonta (tutkat, liikkeentunnistimet yms.),kameravalvonta, yhteistyö eri organisaatioiden kesken, muiden maiden kokemuksista oppiminen, rautatieorganisaatioiden, poliisin ja pelastuslaitoksen yhteistyö sekä mielenterveyden asiantuntijoiden kouluttaminen. Työpajan pienen osallistujamäärän takia on tärkeää huomioida, että jo yksittäinen arviointi voivaikuttaa toimenpiteen sijoittumiseen yllä esitetyssä priorisoinnissa. Tämän takia hankkeessa tehty priorisointi tulisi nähdä ennemminkin suuntaa antavana toimenpiteiden luokitteluna, jota tulisi työstää edelleen tulevissa hankkeissa tai osana asiantuntijatyötä.
- Published
- 2019
37. Evaluation methods:Deliverable D3.3 of L3Pilot
- Author
-
Metz, Barbara, Rösener, Christian, Louw, Tyron, Aittoniemi, Elina, Björvatn, Afsaneh, Wörle, Johanna, Weber, Hendrik, Torrao, Guilhermina, Silla, Anne, Innamaa, Satu, Fahrenkrog, Felix, Heum, Per, Pedersen, Karl, Merat, Natasha, Nordhoff, Sina, Dotzauer, Mandy, and Streubel, Thomas
- Published
- 2019
38. Definition of new human-centred low-cost countermeasures. Deliverable D2.3 of the SAFER-LC project
- Author
-
Dreßler, Annika, Silla, Anne, Kortsari, Annie, Havârneanu, Grigore, Whalley, Sarah, Lorenzo, Laura, and Grippenkoven, Jan Daniel
- Subjects
safety ,Sicherheit ,infrastructural measures ,Human Factors ,Bahnübergang ,level crossing ,road users - Abstract
This deliverable describes the methods applied and the results achieved during the first phase of Task 2.3 within the SAFER-LC project: the design of new human-centred low-cost measures to improve safety at level crossings (LCs). The European project SAFER-LC – Safer level crossing by integrating and optimizing road-rail infrastructure management and design – aims to improve safety in road and rail transport by minimising the risk of LC accidents, focusing on both technical solutions and human processes. Within the project, the objective of Work Package 2 (WP2) is to enhance the safety performance of level crossing infrastructures from a human factors perspective, making them more self-explaining and forgiving. Task 2.3 specifically aims to design concepts of human-centred low-cost countermeasures to enhance the safety of current LC infrastructures and, in a later step, to evaluate these countermeasure designs from a human factors perspective. A two-stage process, consisting of a collection phase and a selection phase, was adopted to define the countermeasure concepts presented in this report. In the first phase, a large pool of design ideas was collected from three different sources: (1) a comprehensive review of the research literature, (2) an analysis and selection of theoretical models relevant to explaining and predicting road user behaviour at level crossings, and (3) a design workshop with road and rail experts. In the second phase, three steps were undertaken in order to systemize and prioritize the measures collected: (1) an elimination of measures based on redundancy, feasibility, and expert ratings of their effectiveness and cost, (2) a classification of the remaining measures with respect to their applicability to different LCs and road user types, and their effect mechanism, and (3) a ranking of the measures based on their prospects for accident risk reduction and the need for further research. The design process was based on operational descriptions of different types of road user behaviours observed at LCs that challenge safety and hence need to be defined as the target of safety measures. The presence or absence of active controls and barriers at LCs was identified as a particularly significant factor with regard to what types of behaviour need to be supported or prevented. Therefore, the design thinking process and organization of measures drew upon the basic distinction between passive and active LCs. Measures for passive LCs were mainly to address the problems of road users insufficiently scanning the tracks for trains, insufficiently adapting their approach speed to the need of scanning and the potential need to stop, and road users getting stuck on the rails. Measures for active LCs were mainly to prevent road users from circumventing closed barriers (climbing over / below; swerving around half-barriers), passing the LC in spite of active light signals (e.g. flashing red light), passing the LC after pre-signalling has begun or while barriers are closing, and, again, getting stuck on the rails. Apart from the differences, a range of common possibilities to support safe road user behaviour at both active and passive LCs was identified (e.g. by improving LC conspicuity, using common means of conveying behavioural recommendations adapted to the respective LC type, and helping road users not to enter the tracks when they cannot be sure to leave in good time). In all cases, design considerations included vulnerable (VRU) as well as motorized road users (MRU). The process resulted in a list of 89 design solutions that can be applied in LC design. The complete list is given in Annex A of this report. The ten measures achieving the best ranks in each of the aforementioned use cases were: Passive LCs: Active inverted speed bumps, laser illumination of the crossing, image process warning, blinking peripheral lights drawing driver attention, light markings in the road to highlight the waiting line, speed bumps on approach to the LC, on-road flashing markers, road swivelling, LC attention device, and coloured marking of the danger zone. LCs with barriers: Adapting the timing of LC closure to the actual speed of the passing train, camera based enforcement (prosecution of violations), additional display "Two Trains", second chance zone, sound warning indicating an approaching train, lane separation in front of half barriers, increasing the length of the barrier, audible signal while in the danger zone, information countdown to closing the barrier and complete open / close cycle. All types of LCs: Proximity message via connected device (in- vehicle display, satnav, mobile device), improving train visibility using lights, audible warnings about LC, extended "no stop" zone, message on smartphone / -watch to warn on approaching train (VRU), coloured pavement markings to mark the danger zone (MRU), satnav intelligence, countdown to train arrival, LED enhanced traffic signs and warning sign to avoid blocking back. The next steps within the SAFER-LC project will be to conduct empirical tests on selected measures to evaluate their effects on road user behaviour and LC safety, and to integrate the project’s practical results and recommendations in a toolbox to be accessed through a user-friendly interface to support rail and road stakeholders in improving safety at LCs.
- Published
- 2018
39. Definition of new human-centred low-cost countermeasures:SAFER-LC project Deliverable D2.3
- Author
-
Dressler, Annika, Silla, Anne, Kortsari, Annie, Havarneanu, Grigore, Whalley, Sarah, and Grippenkoven, Jan
- Subjects
railway safety ,Level crossing - Published
- 2018
40. Human Factor methodological framework and application guide for testing (itnerim report):SAFER-LC project Deliverable D2.2
- Author
-
Havarneanu, Grigore, Silla, Anne, Whalley, Sarah, Kortsari, Annie, Dressler, Annika, and Grippenkoven, Jan
- Subjects
railway safety ,Level crossing ,Human factors - Published
- 2018
41. Collecting evidence from distributed sources to evaluate railway suicide and trespass prevention measures
- Author
-
Ryan, Brendan, Kallberg, Veli-Pekka, Silla, Anne, Lukaschek, Karoline, Burkhardt, Jean-Marie, Bruyelle, Jean-Luc, El-Koursih, El-Miloudi, Beurskens, Eric, and Hedqvist, Maria
- Abstract
It can be difficult to select from available safety preventative measures, especially where there is limited evidence of effectiveness in different contexts. This paper describes application of a method to identify and evaluate wide-ranging preventative measures for rail suicide and trespass fatalities. Evidence from literature and industry sources was collated and reviewed in a two stage process to achieve consensus among experts on the likely effects of the measures and factors influencing their implementation. Multiple evaluation criteria were used to examine the measures from different perspectives. Fencing, awareness campaigns and different types of organisational initiatives were recommended for further testing. This is the first time evidence has been collected internationally across such a range of preventative measures. Commentary is provided on using this type of approach to select safety measures from a pool of prevention options, including how re-framing the scope of the exercise could identify alternative options for prevention.Practitioner summary: The findings give insight to how different measures work in different ways and how industry can consider this in strategic initiatives. The method could be used in future studies with different frames of reference (e.g. different timescales, level of ambition and safety context e.g. railway crossings or highway fatalities).
- Published
- 2018
42. SAFER-LC project:Safer level crossings by integrating and optimizing road-rail infrastructure management and design
- Author
-
Havarneanu, Grigore, Dressler, Annika, Grippenkoven, Jan, Silla, Anne, Prieto, Eduardo, and Bonneau, Marie-Helene
- Subjects
railway safety ,Level crossing - Abstract
Level Crossings represent vulnerable points in the European land transport system, since collisions at level crossings account for a high number of fatalities and serious injuries among road users and lead to major disruptions of railway operations. This paper presents part of the ongoing work conducted in the SAFER-LC EU project, namely an overview of indicators for level crossing safety solutions, taking into account the road and rail users' perspective. The paper identifies key safety criteria concerning the requirements coming from various types of level crossing users. The analysis focuses on human errors, attentional processes and risk perception, while paying special attention to vulnerable users such as pedestrians. The results are discussed in the context of a Human Factors methodological framework which analyses how technological and non-technological safety measures can be better adapted from a user perspective to make level crossings more self-explanatory and 'forgiving'. The implications for the implementation and evaluation of 'user-friendly' safety measures at level-crossings are also discussed.
- Published
- 2018
43. Valuation of loss of wellbeing related to accident costs, in terms of willingness to pay:Pilot study
- Author
-
Silla, Anne and Tervonen, Juha
- Subjects
Road accident costs ,loss of wellbeing ,willingness-to-pay - Abstract
Liikenneonnettomuudessa aiheutuvasta henkilövahingosta seuraa taloudellisina menetyksinä toimenpidekustannuksia, kansantaloudellisia menetyksiä ja hyvinvoinnin muutoksia. Henkilöva-hinkojen hyvinvointivaikutukset on Suomessa arvotettu ruotsalaisin tutkimustuloksin ns. arvo-jen siirrolla. Tämän menettelyn vaarana on se, että lainatut arvostukset saattavat vääristää suomalaisia henkilövahinkojen yksikköarvoja.Tämän esiselvityksen tavoitteena oli kartoittaa tieliikenteen henkilövahingoista seuraavien hy-vinvoinnin muutosten arvottamisessa kansainvälisesti käytettyjä menetelmiä ja niistä saatuja tuloksia. Sen perusteella suunniteltiin Suomessa toteutettavan arvottamistutkimuksen pääsi-sältö ja toteutustapa ottaen huomioon suomalainen liikenneturvallisuuden riskitaso eri liiken-neympäristöissä.Tutkimusmenetelminä käytettiin kirjallisuuskatsausta ja asiantuntijatyöpajaa. Työpajassa kes-kusteltiin liikenneturvallisuustyön asiantuntijoiden kanssa heille etukäteen vastattavaksi ja poh-dittavaksi lähetetyn nettikyselylomakkeen sisällöstä.Esiselvityksen suosituksena on, että käsitys liikenneturvallisuuteen liittyvästä suomalaisten ris-kinarvottamisesta hankitaan kustannustehokkaasti rajatulla tutkimuksella. Aineisto ehdotetaan kerättävän kyselyllä, jossa hyödynnetään markkinatutkimusyritysten valmiita internetpanee-leja. Ne voivat tuottaa muita toteutustapoja korkeamman vastausasteen ja riittävän edustavan aineiston.Tässä esiselvityksessä esitetään suosituksia tutkimukseen sisällytettävistä henkilövahinko-luokista ja liikenneympäristöistä sekä eri otoskokojen suuruudesta. Työssä kuvataan tänä päi-vänä tyypillisimpiä riskinarvottamistutkimusten menetelmiä ja kysymyksenasetteluja. Niiden arvioinnin yhteydessä todettiin, että toteutettavan kyselyn sisältö vaatii jatkopohdintaa. Lopulli-nen päätös kyselyn oleellisimmasta sisällöstä (riskitarkastelut, maksuhalukkuuden tiedustelun tapa ja tulosten mallintaminen) tulisi tehdä tutkimuksen valmisteluvaiheessa pilotoinnilla.Mikäli empiiristä tutkimusta ei tehdä Suomessa, tulee henkilövahinkojen hyvinvointivaikutusten arvottamisessa hyödyntää jatkossakin muista maista lainattavia tutkimustuloksia.
- Published
- 2018
44. Nopeusnäyttöjen nopeusvaikutukset kaupunkiympäristössä
- Author
-
Malin, Fanny, Luoma, Juha, Peltola, Harri, and Silla, Anne
- Subjects
traffic safety ,speed display ,driving speed - Published
- 2018
45. From Research Questions to Logging Requirements:L3Pilot Deliverable D3.1
- Author
-
Hibberd, Daryl, Louw, Tyron, Aittoniemi, Elina, Brouwer, Rino, Dotzauer, Mandy, Fahrenkrog, Felix, Innamaa, Satu, Kuisma, Salla, Merat, Natasha, Metz, Barbara, Penttinen, Merja, Puente Guillen, Pablo, Rösener, Christian, Silla, Anne, Streubel, Thomas, Tango, Fabio, van den Boom, Benedikt, Weber, Hendrik, Woerle, Johanna, and Zerbe, Alexander
- Abstract
L3Pilot is a large-scale, Europe-wide, real-world pilot study of SAE Level 3 automated driving functions. The functions to be tested include a Motorway Chauffeur, Urban Chauffeur, and Parking Chauffeur, all designed to enable the driver to move safely and efficiently through selected road environments. This deliverable reports the results of applying the ‘FESTA ‘V’ methodology to the development of a set of Research Questions that will be used to direct the study of SAE Level 3 (and Level 4) automated driving. The main result reported here is a list of Research Questions (RQs) with associated hypotheses, performance indicators and required vehicle-based data logging needs, agreed by partners, following a series of iterations . These RQs are tied to a specific Evaluation Area and Impact Area which were defined at the outset of the L3Pilot project, and are motivated by the FESTA approach and existing literature in the field. The RQ-list is intended as a ‘living document’, to be reviewed and revised as more detailed information becomes available about the ADFs for test (reported in D4.1), and further work is completed in the matching of Experimental Methods and Evaluation Methods to Research Questions. The document is delivered with an accompanying Table showing the selected Research Questions, with related hypotheses and performance indicators in additional detail.The output from this Deliverable feeds into the work conducted by WP3.4 and WP3.5, where experimental procedures and evaluation methods are mapped on to this Research Questions list, and the feasibility of each RQ is assessed through interaction with partners involved in the preparation and delivery of the pilot studies, and the evaluation activities (SP7). This deliverable also informs the pre-piloting stage of the ADFs in SP4, such that the experimental studies can be designed and set-up with the Research Questions and hypotheses in mind. The definition of Performance Indicators required for the evaluation of the ADFs supports the production of piloting tools and testing of the data processing and analysis chain (SP5), before full-scale, on-road, testing begins (SP6).This work will also provide contributions to the Code of Practice for the Development of ADFs (SP2); specifically the amendments to the FESTA methodology to accommodate testing of SAE Level 3 and Level 4 ADFs.The final version of the RQs that will be addressed in the L3Pilot project will be reported in D3.4 Final Evaluation Plan.
- Published
- 2018
46. Level crossing accidents and factors behind them:SAFER-LC project Deliverable D1.2
- Author
-
Silla, Anne, Peltola, Harri, Aittoniemi, Elina, Sintonen, Henri, Kortsari, Annie, Taillandier, Virginie, Khoudour, Louahdi, Francoise, Christian, Petrelli, Marco, Renna, Alessandra, Kassa, Elias, Whalley, Sarah, Lorenzo, Laura, Özturk, Elif Hatice, and Karahan, Gokhan
- Subjects
railway safety ,Level crossing - Published
- 2017
47. Kehä I:n automaattinen nopeusvalvonta:Ennen-jälkeen-tutkimus
- Author
-
Peltola, Harri, Malin, Fanny, Silla, Anne, Kallio, Mikko, Innamaa, Satu, Penttinen, Merja, and Kuisma, Salla
- Published
- 2017
48. Current and future trends in VRU accidents in Europe:why we need ITS solutions
- Author
-
Hancox, Graham, Morris, Andrew, Silla, Anne, Scholliers, Johan, van Noort, Martin, and Bell, Daniel
- Subjects
CARE data ,vulnerable road user ,road accidents - Abstract
Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) is a collective term used to describe cyclists, motorcyclists, moped riders and pedestrians. This paper describes work undertaken within the EC's VRUITS project which focuses on reducing VRU accidents through the use of ITS solutions. The paper determines the current accident numbers within Europe for VRUs between the years 2002 and 2012 using the CARE database. Accident forecasting is then applied to predict future accident numbers if current trends continue and no successful countermeasures including ITS solutions are introduced into the Road Transport System. This shows the number of VRU fatalities in 2030 to be almost comparable to those of car accidents since car fatality rates are reducing at a far increased proportion compared to VRUs. The results of the study emphasise why the introduction of effective ITS solutions are necessary to improve the overall safety of VRUs.
- Published
- 2015
49. Tasoristeysten turvallisuustoimenpiteiden kartoittaminen ja arviointi
- Author
-
Silla, Anne, Seise, Antti, and Kallberg, Veli-Pekka
- Subjects
safety ,assessment ,level crossing - Abstract
Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kuvata tasoristeysten turvallisuuteen vaikuttavia tekijöitä sekä kartoittaa ja arvioida järjestelmällisesti turvallisuuden parantamistoimenpiteitä. Tehdyn analyysin perusteella listattiin tehokkaita ja lupaavia toimenpiteitä, joiden avulla voitaisiin parantaa Suomessa olevien tasoristeysten turvallisuutta tulevaisuudessa. Kun turvallisuutta tai turvattomuutta mitataan onnettomuuksien lukumäärän ja seurausten perusteella, tärkeimpiä turvallisuustekijöitä ovat altistusta kuvaavat tien ja radan liikennemäärät sekä onnettomuusriskiin keskeisesti vaikuttavat tasoristeysten turvalaitteet. Muita tärkeitä tekijöitä ovat mm. tie- ja raidekulkuneuvojen nopeudet, raiteiden lukumäärä, näkemät tieltä radan suuntaan sekä tasoristeyksen ympäristö. Tasoristeysten turvallisuuteen tähtääviä toimenpiteitä arvioitiin viidentoista kriteerin mukaan, joista keskeisimpiä tämän tutkimuksen kannalta olivat toimenpiteiden turvallisuusvaikutukset sekä kyseisten toimenpiteiden toteuttamiskustannukset. Laadittuja arviointikriteerien yhteenvetotaulukoita voi hyödyntää haettaessa sopivinta toimenpidettä tiettyä tilannetta tai tasoristeystä varten. Tehokkaimpia ovat seuraavat toimenpiteet, joiden tiedetään tutkimusten perusteella vähentävän tasoristeysonnettomuuksia yli 20 %: -STOP-merkin asentaminen, - puolipuomin kierron estäminen rakenteellisesti, - tasoristeyksen perusparantaminen, -tasoristeyksen poistaminen, - valo- ja äänivaroituslaitos, - tasoristeyksen turvallisuuden mallintaminen, - paripuomien asentaminen, - puolipuomien asentaminen. Lupaaviksi ja potentiaalisesti tehokkaiksi tunnistettiin seuraavat toimenpiteet, joiden vaikutuksen suuruudesta ei kuitenkaan ole luotettavia tutkimuksia: - näkemien raivaaminen määräysten mukaisiksi, - turvallisuuskampanjat, tiedotus ja valistus, - mobiilit varoituslaitteet, - varoitusvalo, - punaista päin ajamisen kameravalvonta. Toimenpiteiden tehokkuus ja kustannukset voivat vaihdella huomattavasti ympäristöstä (mm. tien geometria ja kunto, sähkön saatavuus) ja olosuhteista (valoisuus, sää) riippuen. Usein tarjolla on useita vaihtoehtoisia ratkaisuja, joista on pyrittävä valitsemaan se, jolla tavoiteltava vaikutus ko. tilanteessa saadaan edullisimmin toteutettua. Tiedot erilaisten toimenpiteiden turvallisuusvaikutuksista todettiin puutteellisiksi. Siksi on tärkeää, että vastaisuudessa kaikkiin turvallisuuden parantamissuunnitelmiin liitetään suunnitelma toteutuksen vaikutusten arvioimiseksi ja toteutuksessa varaudutaan vaikutusten arvioimisen mahdollistavan aineiston keruuseen.
- Published
- 2015
50. D8.1: Research Agenda for Enhanced Cross-modal transport Substitution and User Protection:Deliverable of the MOWE-IT project
- Author
-
Doll, Claus, Tuominen, Anu, Silla, Anne, Nokkala, Marko, Perrels, Adriaan, Bartsch, Mariana, Wiens, Marcus, Kreuz, Michael, Temme, Annette, Kochsiek, Joachim, and Jaroszweski, David
- Subjects
transport ,roadmap ,RTD ,resilience ,Hardware_LOGICDESIGN - Abstract
This deliverable presents an RTD roadmap for resilience in transportation systems between 2015 and 2030 by topic areas and potential funding bodies.
- Published
- 2014
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