Search

Herein, poly(pentanediamine terephthalamide) (PA5T) homopolymer was synthesized via a salt-forming reaction+solid state polycondensation method using bio-based 1,5-pentanediamine and terephthalic acid as the primary raw materials. To address the issue of its narrower processing window, poly(hexamethylene terephthalamide)(PA6T), which also cannot be melt processed due to the processing window is negative, was introduced into its molecular chain to synthesize poly (pentanediamine/hexanediamine terephthaloyl) (PA5T-co-6T) copolymers. The structures were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectroscopy (13C-NMR). Furthermore, the melting temperature, crystallization temperature, thermal stability, and crystal growth mode of the polymer were tested and analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), respectively. The results demonstrate that the crystal growth mode gradually changes from three-dimensional spherical growth to two-dimensional disk-like or three-dimensional spherical growth with the increase of 6T chain segment content. Simultaneously, the crystallization temperature, melting temperature, and crystallization rate of the polymer all showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, which was due to the combined effects of the increase in the content of 6T chain segments on the molecular-chain structure and crystal structure of the polymer. Bio-based PA5T-co-6T has excellent heat resistance and a wider processing window than PA5T and PA6T, which possesses great application prospects in the fields of automotive, electronic appliances, and LED optics.

Context Cervicitis is a common gynecological inflammatory disease. The Chinese herbal prescription Kang-Gong-Yan (KGY) is clinically effective against cervicitis; however, the chemical constituents and therapeutic mechanism of KGY remain elusive.Objective To analyze the chemical constituents of KGY and explore the potential mechanism of KGY in treating cervicitis.Materials and methods UHPLC-Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap MS was used to identify the active compounds of KGY; Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats were randomly divided into the control, model, and KGY groups. Phenol mucilage (25%) was slowly injected into the vagina and cervix of the rats to establish the cervicitis model. Then, rats in the KGY groups (low dose: 1 g/kg/d; medium dose: 5 g/kg/d; high dose: 10 g/kg/d) were continuously gavaged KGY for one week. HE staining was used to observe the cervical tissues of rats; ELISA was used to detect inflammatory factors in plasma; non-targeted metabolomics was used to analyze metabolites; 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze intestinal microorganisms.Results KGY exerted anti-cervicitis effects and decreased the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. The mechanism of KGY in treating cervicitis is mainly associated with betaine, amino acid, pyrimidine, and phospholipid metabolism by regulating fifteen metabolites. Moreover, KGY reversed cervicitis-induced gut dysbiosis by mediating five bacteria.Discussion and conclusions The Chinese herbal prescription KGY may alleviate cervicitis by modulating metabolites and gut microbiota disorders. These findings provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of KGY and a new strategy for treating cervicitis in Chinese medicine.

In this paper, we established some necessary and sufficient conditions for the four symmetric systems to be consistent. Moreover, we derived the expressions of their general solutions when they were solvable. As an application, we investigated the solvability conditions of matrix equations involving $ \eta $-Hermicity matrices. Finally, we presented an example to illustrate the main results of this paper.

Abstract Underwater robots can collect comprehensive information on species and habitats when conducting seabed operations, enhancing localized insights and expanding underwater ecological understanding. One approach uses autonomous underwater vehicles, but proximity operations may disturb sediments and compromise observation quality. Another approach uses wheeled or legged benthic robots, but unavoidable contact limits their application in delicate ecosystems like coral reefs. To address these challenges, we propose a maneuverable underwater vehicle for near-seabed observations. This vehicle moves with minimal turbulence and shows strong resistance to external disturbances, enabling high-quality seabed observation as close as 20 cm. It rapidly detects intense disturbances like turbulence and wall effects, allowing real-time path planning to prevent bottoming. Multiple tests in various marine environments, including sandy areas, coral reefs, and sheer rock, show low sediment disturbance and improved adaptability to rugged underwater terrain.

Abstract Monitoring China’s carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is essential for formulating effective carbon cycle policies to achieve carbon peaking and neutrality. Despite insufficient satellite observation coverage, this study utilizes high-resolution spatiotemporal data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2), supplemented with various auxiliary datasets, to estimate full-coverage, monthly, column-averaged carbon dioxide (XCO2) values across China from 2015 to 2022 at a spatial resolution of 0.05° via the deep forest model. The 10-fold cross-validation results indicate a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.95 and a determination coefficient (R²) of 0.90. Validation against ground-based station data yielded R values of 0.93, and R² values reached 0.81. Further validation from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Reanalysis dataset (CAMS) produced R² values of 0.87 and 0.80, respectively. During the study period, CO2 concentrations in China were higher in spring and winter than in summer and autumn, indicating a clear annual increase. The estimates generated by this study could potentially support CO2 monitoring in China.

Abstract Photon upconversion through lanthanide-doped nanoparticles is of great significance for various applications. However, the current development of upconversion nanoparticles is hindered by the low quantum efficiency and long radiative lifetimes of lanthanide ions, restricting their applications in time-dependent nanophotonics. Herein, we report ultrafast upconversion superfluorescence with a lifetime of sub-2.5 ns in lanthanide-doped nanoparticles at room temperature. Upon excitation with an 800-nm fs-pulsed laser, we achieve a large number (N = 912) of correlated dipoles in Nd3+-concentrated nanoparticles, resulting in collective coherent emission with two orders of magnitude amplification in intensity and more than three orders of magnitude improvement in the radiative decay rate. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the control of excitation power and emitting sample length enables the lifetime manipulation of upconversion emission in a wide range from μs to sub-ns, accompanied by the typical superfluorescence signature of Burnham-Chiao ringing. These findings may benefit applications in many advanced technologies such as quantum counting and high-speed super-resolution bioimaging.

Abstract Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common complication of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. Recent advances demonstrate that sympathetic nerves regulate bone homeostasis, and GCs lower the sympathetic tone. Here, we show that the dramatically decreased sympathetic tone is closely associated with the pathogenesis of GC-induced ONFH. GCs activate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) but hinder the activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) on neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). This disrupts the balance of corticosteroid receptors (GR/MR) and subsequently reduces the sympathetic outflow in the PVN. Vascular endothelial cells rapidly react to inhibition of sympathetic tone by provoking endothelial apoptosis in adult male mice treated with methylprednisolone (MPS) daily for 3 days, and we find substantially reduced H-type vessels in the femoral heads of MPS-treated ONFH mice. Importantly, treatment with a GR inhibitor (RU486) in the PVN promotes the activation of MR and rebalances the ratio of GR and MR, thus effectively boosting sympathetic outflow, as shown by an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase expression in both the PVN and the sympathetic postganglionic neurons and an increase in norepinephrine levels in both the serum and bone marrow of the femoral head of MPS-treated mice. Rebalancing the corticosteroid receptors mitigates GC-induced endothelial impairment and ONFH and promotes angiogenesis coupled with osteogenesis in the femoral head, while these effects are abolished by chemical sympathectomy with 6-OHDA or adrenergic receptor-β2 (Adrb2) knockout. Furthermore, activating Adrb2 signaling in vivo is sufficient to rescue the GC-induced ONFH phenotype. Mechanistically, norepinephrine increases the expression of the key glycolytic gene 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) via Adrb2-cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling. Endothelial-specific overexpression of PFKFB3 attenuates endothelial impairment and prevents severe osteonecrosis in MPS-treated Adrb2 knockout mice. Thus, GC inhibits sympathetic tone via the hypothalamic descending pathway, which, in turn, acts as a mediator of GC-induced ONFH.

Abstract In this work we revisit the problem of studying spin-2 fluctuations around a class of solutions in massive type IIA that is given by a warped AdS3 × S2 × T4 × I ρ $$ {\mathcal{I}}_{\rho } $$ and with N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (4, 0) supersymmetry. We were able to identify a class of fluctuations, which is known as the “minimal universal class” that is independent of the background data and saturates the bound on the mass related to the field theory unitarity bound. These operators have conformal dimension ∆ = 2(ℓ + 1), with ℓ being the quantum number of the angular momentum on the S2. We also computed the normalisation of the 2-point function of stress-energy tensors from the effective 3-dimensional graviton action. We comment on the relation of our results to the related AdS3 and AdS2 solutions in massive type IIA and type IIB theories respectively.

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite progress, the pathogenesis remains unclear. Human midbrain organoids (hMLOs) have emerged as a promising model for studying PD, drug screening, and potential treatments. This review discusses the development of hMLOs, their application in PD research, and current challenges in organoid construction, highlighting possible optimization strategies.

Abstract Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is vital for improving quantum algorithms’ accuracy on noisy near-term devices. A typical QEM method, called Virtual Distillation (VD), can suffer from imperfect implementation, potentially leading to worse outcomes than without mitigation. To address this, we introduce Circuit-Noise-Resilient Virtual Distillation (CNR-VD), which includes a calibration process using simple input states to enhance VD’s performance despite circuit noise, aiming to recover the results of an ideally conducted VD circuit. Simulations show that CNR-VD significantly mitigates noise-induced errors in VD circuits, boosting accuracy by up to tenfold over standard VD. It provides positive error mitigation even under high noise, where standard VD fails. Furthermore, our estimator’s versatility extends its utility beyond VD, enhancing outcomes in general Hadamard-Test circuits. The proposed CNR-VD significantly enhances the noise-resilience of VD, and thus is anticipated to elevate the performance of quantum algorithm implementations on near-term quantum devices.

The study presents an investigation into the preparation and characterization of modified hemp fiber reinforced recycled construction waste bricks for ground and road applications. By incorporating 1 % hemp fiber and a 70/30 ratio of recycled concrete aggregate to recycled brick aggregate, the optimal combination was identified, resulting in a maximum compressive strength of 36.2 MPa, a 38.7 % improvement over the control bricks. The addition of 2 % hemp fiber increased the flexural strength by 85.7 %, while the thermal conductivity decreased by 41.5 % with the inclusion of 2 % hemp fiber and 100 % recycled brick aggregate. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the compatibility of hemp fibers with the cement matrix and their role in enhancing the microstructure of the bricks and hydration process. These findings highlight the potential of hemp fiber-reinforced recycled waste bricks as environmentally friendly high-performance materials for sustainable ground and road construction.

The E3 ubiquitin ligase, carboxyl terminus of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) interacting protein (CHIP), also functions as a co-chaperone and plays a crucial role in the protein quality control system. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of overexpressed CHIP on Alzheimer’s disease. We used an adeno-associated virus vector that can cross the blood-brain barrier to mediate CHIP overexpression in APP/PS1 mouse brain. CHIP overexpression significantly ameliorated the performance of APP/PS1 mice in the Morris water maze and nest building tests, reduced amyloid-β plaques, and decreased the expression of both amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau. CHIP also alleviated the concentration of microglia and astrocytes around plaques. In APP/PS1 mice of a younger age, CHIP overexpression promoted an increase in ADAM10 expression and inhibited β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, insulin degrading enzyme, and neprilysin expression. Levels of HSP70 and HSP40, which have functional relevance to CHIP, were also increased. Single nuclei transcriptome sequencing in the hippocampus of CHIP overexpressed mice showed that the lysosomal pathway and oligodendrocyte-related biological processes were up-regulated, which may also reflect a potential mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of CHIP. Our research shows that CHIP effectively reduces the behavior and pathological manifestations of APP/PS1 mice. Indeed, overexpression of CHIP could be a beneficial approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Abstract As cross‐shelf gradients of most properties are typically much steeper than those in the alongshore direction, transport across isobaths tends to be inhibited, particularly at oceanic fronts where cross‐shelf gradients are markedly pronounced. Consequently, variations in cross‐shelf gradients may exert a significant influence on offshore transport; however, this influence is not yet well understood. This study employs reconstructed daily suspended sediment concentration (SSC) data from the Yellow Sea's offshore region to investigate the dynamics of offshore transport. Our analysis on an interannual scale shows that offshore SSC correlates more with temperature gradients at the oceanic front than with winter storms, despite the latter's vital role in causing frontal instability. The observed increase in offshore transport over the past two decades is likely connected to Kuroshio Current warming, which has strengthened the horizontal density gradient at the oceanic front, driving the strengthened offshore transport of coastal sediments during instability episodes.

When the CO2 in a supercritical state (SCCO2) is released from deep coal seams, it reacts with minerals in coal, changing the porosity of coal, which in turn affects the effect of CO2 sequestration in coal seams and the effect of increasing methane production. In order to discover the influence characteristics of SCCO2-H2O-coal rock interaction on the porosity in coal, the experiments on the supercritical CO2 reforming coal under different water content conditions were carried out with coking coal as the research object. Based on the results of mineral composition and porosity measurements, the differences between the main minerals and the changes in pore cleavage at various scales in coal were compared, and the action mechanism of the SCCO2 fluid on the pore cleavage properties under various water content states was explored. The results show that: ① After the SCCO2 treatment, the surface of the coal body is rough and loose, some fissures are penetrated as a result of mineral dissolution, and the connectivity of micro fissure is improved. ② The SCCO2 fluid has a “pore-expanding”effect on coal, which is manifested by a decrease of the content of micro- and small pores, and an increase of the proportion of medium- and large pores, i.e., the conversion of micro- and small-sized pores to large pores, as well as the improvement of pore connectivity. Furthermore, it is discovered that the fractal dimension of the adsorption pores of the coal samples increases slightly in size and roughness, while the fractal dimension of the seepage pores decreases significantly, and the complexity and non-homogeneity are reduced. ③ The SCCO2 fluid has the best solubility on the carbonate minerals in coal, followed by clay minerals, and with the increase of water content, the proportion of carbonate minerals in the extracted coal first increases and then decreases. The SCCO2 fluid makes the carbonate minerals in the coal samples of the dry basal state and saturated water state dissolve significantly, which effectively improves the pore structure, and the effect on the coal samples of the saturated water state is better. After the air-dry basal coal samples were subjected to the SCCO2, the newly formed dolomite minerals gathered in the pore throats to cause the plugging effect, reducing the original large pore size, which is the main cause of the differential changes in the pore space of coals with different water content states.

Abstract We study the spectrum, unitarity bound and holographic central charge of spin-2 operators in a warped AdS2 × S2 × T4 × I ψ $$ {\mathcal{I}}_{\psi } $$ × I ρ $$ {\mathcal{I}}_{\rho } $$ background in the Type IIB theory. We were able to identify a class of solutions that is completely independent of the functions that define the background solution. We comment on the relation of our results to the previous ones in the literature.

Abstract To investigate the stability of a super-large section chamber group, an analysis was conducted based on the in-situ geological conditions of a super-large section chamber group utilized as a coal gangue separation system at the Longgu Coal Mine. Field measurement and numerical simulation were employed to analyze the failure area and stress state of the surrounding rock under varying chamber spacings. The results indicate that the extent of the plastic zone significantly expands when the spacing between chambers is less than 2.0 times the chamber width. When the distance between chambers is 1.5 times the chamber width, it results in the rock pillars being entirely within the plastic zone. As the chamber spacing decreases, the tangential stress within the rock pillar range increases. When the chamber spacing is 2.5, 2.0, and 1.5 times the chamber width, the maximum tangential stress is 1.19, 1.46, and 1.18 times that in the case of a single chamber, respectively. Based on the displacement analysis, it was observed that as the distance between the chambers decreases, there is a notable increase in the displacement of the pillar sides and chamber top, indicating a higher risk of collapse. Integrating the plastic area and stress analysis allows for the categorization of the rock pillar area into four sections: the broken area, loose area, stable area, and firm area. Drawing upon the theoretical solution of the plastic zone of a circular chamber and the equivalent radius method, an approximate solution for the plastic zone of a non-circular chamber has been provided. Furthermore, the minimum reasonable spacing between chambers in a super-large section chamber group is provided as a distance criterion for the failure of a double chamber.

Abstract Background To investigate the association between cigarette smoking, smoking cessation and the trajectory of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), and further to examine the association of age at smoking initiation and smoking cessation with CMM. Methods This study included 298,984 UK Biobank participants without cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) (including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart diseases, stroke, and hypertension) at baseline. Smoking status was categorized into former, current, and never smokers, with age at smoking initiation and smoking cessation as a proxy for current and former smokers. The multi-state model was performed to evaluate the association between cigarette smoking, smoking cessation and CMM. Results During a median follow-up of 13.2 years, 59,193 participants developed first cardiometabolic disease (FCMD), 14,090 further developed CMM, and 16,487 died. Compared to former smokers, current smokers had higher risk at all transitions, with hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.59 (1.55 ∼ 1.63) vs. 1.18 (1.16 ∼ 1.21) (P = 1.48 × 10− 118) from health to FCMD, 1.40 (1.33 ∼ 1.47) vs. 1.09 (1.05 ∼ 1.14) (P = 1.50 × 10− 18) from FCMD to CMM, and 2.87 (2.72 ∼ 3.03) vs. 1.38 (1.32 ∼ 1.45) (P

Abstract Background The aim of the study were as below. (1) To investigate the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-based virtual magnetic resonance elastography (vMRE) to provide quantitative estimates of tissue stiffness in pulmonary neoplasms. (2) To verify the diagnostic performance of shifted apparent diffusion coefficient (sADC) and reconstructed virtual stiffness values in distinguishing neoplasm nature. Methods This study enrolled 59 patients (37 males, 22 females) with one pulmonary neoplasm who underwent computed tomography-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) with pathological diagnosis (26 adenocarcinoma, 10 squamous cell carcinoma, 3 small cell carcinoma, 4 tuberculosis and 16 non-specific benign; mean age, 60.81 ± 9.80 years). IVIM was performed on a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner before biopsy. sADC and virtual shear stiffness maps reflecting lesion stiffness were reconstructed. sADC and virtual stiffness values of neoplasm were extracted, and the diagnostic performance of vMRE in distinguishing benign and malignant and detailed pathological type were explored. Results Compared to benign neoplasms, malignant ones had a significantly lower sADC and a higher virtual stiffness value (P

Abstract Background There is a scarcity of prospective clinical research evidence regarding the utilization of transvaginal natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) as a treatment option for ovarian cysts. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of employing vNOTES for the management of ovarian cysts. Methods Our study included women between the ages of 18 and 70 who intended to undergo surgical intervention for benign lesions. Stratified blocked randomization was employed to allocate participants into groups. The main objective was to assess whether the assigned group adhered to the recommended surgical technique for ovarian cystectomy or adnexectomy, without any deviation to alternative surgical methods. Results A total of 196 patients were included in the study, with all surgeries in each group being conducted according to the assigned procedures. Among them, the ovarian cystectomy layer included 58 cases in the vNOTES group and 58 cases in the conventional laparoscopy (CL) groups. The adnexectomy layer included 40 cases in the vNOTES group and 40 cases in the CL group. Utilizing a sensitivity analysis, the two-sided 95% lower confidence limit was determined to be 5.5% for the disparity in proportions between the vNOTES groups and CL groups. These lower limits fell below the predetermined non-inferiority margin of 10%. Conclusions The study findings demonstrate that vNOTES was not inferior to CL in terms of adnexectomy or ovarian cystectomy. vNOTES can be considered a more minimally invasive surgical approach, as it results in reduced postoperative pain, faster recovery, and absence of visible incisions. Overall, vNOTES proves to be a safe, feasible, and less invasive treatment option. Trial registration This study retrospectively registered with the China Clinical Trial Registry with the registration number ChiCTR2100052223(22-10-2021).

Highlights The structural composition and morphological characteristics of the MOFs are described. The synthesis methods of MOF materials are described, and the effects of postmodification methods on MOF materials are described; The antimicrobial mechanism and classification of MOF materials and the antimicrobial characteristics of Ag-, Cu-, and Zn-based MOF materials are described. This paper highlights the challenges in the development of MOF materials and provides an outlook on the future of MOF materials.

Ultrasound, as an efficient, clean, and safe processing technology, is widely used in industries. Grain refiners are widely used in the refinement of cast alloys. In this study, ultrasonic technology (UT) and Al–5Ti–1B refiner prepared by continuous rheological extrusion (CRE Al–5Ti–1B) were used to modify the recycled Al–Mg–Si-based alloy, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the recycled Al–Mg–Si-based alloy were studied. The differences in porosity and grain refinement caused by ultrasonic power were discussed. Results showed that, increasing the ultrasonic power can effectively reduce the porosity of the recycled Al–Mg–Si-based alloy. The synergistic effect of UT and CRE Al–5Ti–1B refiner significantly refined α-Al grains and second phases. The increase of ultrasonic power can effectively cause deagglomeration while reducing the nucleation undercooling of α-Al, which promotes the refinement of the recycled Al–Mg–Si-based alloy and significantly improves the mechanical properties. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (EL) of the recycled Al–Mg–Si-based alloy were 106 MPa, 210 MPa and 9.4%, respectively. When 0.2 wt% CRE Al–5Ti–1B refiner was added and the ultrasonic power was 150 W, the YS, UTS, and EL were improved by 12.8%, 28.8% and 228.4%, respectively.

Background Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic clusters of immune cells found in non-lymphoid tissues, particularly within the tumor microenvironment (TME). These structures resemble secondary lymphoid organs and have been identified in various solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC), where they are associated with favorable prognosis. The role of TLS in modulating the immune response within the TME and their impact on cancer prognosis has garnered increasing attention in recent years.Objective This review aims to summarize the current understanding of TLS in CRC, focusing on their formation, function, and potential as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. We explore the mechanisms by which TLS influence the immune response within the TME and their correlation with clinical outcomes in CRC patients.Methods We conducted a comprehensive review of recent studies that investigated the presence and role of TLS in CRC. The review includes data from histopathological analyses, immunohistochemical studies, and clinical trials, examining the association between TLS density, composition, and CRC prognosis. Additionally, we explored emerging therapeutic strategies targeting TLS formation and function within the TME.Results The presence of TLS in CRC is generally associated with an improved prognosis, particularly in early-stage disease. TLS formation is driven by chronic inflammation and is characterized by the organization of B and T cell zones, high endothelial venules (HEVs), and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). The density and maturity of TLS are linked to better patient outcomes, including reduced recurrence rates and increased survival. Furthermore, the interplay between TLS and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) suggests potential therapeutic implications for enhancing anti-tumor immunity in CRC.Conclusions TLS represent a significant prognostic marker in CRC, with their presence correlating with favorable clinical outcomes. Ongoing research is required to fully understand the mechanisms by which TLS modulate the immune response within the TME and to develop effective therapies that harness their potential. The integration of TLS-focused strategies in CRC treatment could lead to improved patient management and outcomes.

This research investigated the viability of replacing milk protein with glycosylated soybean protein isolate (SPI) treated with different enzymatic hydrolysis times (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min) in yogurt. The results showed that enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment combined with glycosylation for SPI exhibited elevated grafting and solubility. Additionally, the high solubility of SPI (94.77 %) at 40 min facilitates the preparation of dual-protein yogurt (DPY). Compared to ESPI0-G, DPY that incorporates ESPI40-G through partial substitution of milk protein is capable of forming a denser and more stable gel matrix. Especially, the syneresis of DPY40 was reduced by 7.61 % compared to DPY0, which more closely approximates the texture properties of traditional yogurt. Meanwhile, glycosylated SPI treated with enzymatic hydrolysis can effectively degrade the beany flavor and slightly bitter taste in DPY. This study could provide a solid theoretical basis for the broader application and industrialization of plant-based yogurt.

In this study, a novel composite was engineered by integrating Zr-MOF (NH2-UIO-66) with MXene layers through electrostatic self-assembly. Under simulated sunlight and at 80 °C, this composite material achieved nearly complete conversion of low-concentration atmospheric CO2 to CO and CH4 without additional sacrificial agents or alkaline absorption liquids, marking one of the few reports demonstrating near-complete reduction of low-concentration CO2 directly from the air. For high-concentration CO2 in industrial flue gas, the composite utilized residual heat at 80 °C without additional energy input, exhibiting excellent CO2 reduction efficiency with CO and CH4 production rates of 127 μmol·g-1·h-1 and 330 μmol·g-1·h-1, respectively, resulting in a total production rate 4.76 times higher than that in the air. Compared to most reports on thermocatalytic CO2 reduction (>300 °C), this material shows significant advantages below 100 °C. The performance improvement is attributed to the introduction of Zr-MOF, which provides additional active sites and reduces activation energy. Additionally, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of MXene facilitates the migration of thermal charge carriers to Zr4+ sites within the MOF. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations validate these findings. Overall, Zr-MOF/MXene composite holds potential for reducing CO2 in air and industrial settings, advancing energy conversion and environmental management.

Objective To determine whether ultrasonic manifestations of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) related to embryo qualities or pregnancy outcomes in women with thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection.Methods Our study was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 589 euthyroid women enrolled from January 2017 to December 2019. 214 TAI women and 375 control women were allocated in each group according to serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and/or anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb). Basal serum hormone levels and thyroid ultrasound were assessed, embryo qualities, pregnancy outcomes were collected from medical records. Diagnosis of thyroid ultrasound was used for subanalysis. Logistic regression was used to evaluate outcomes of embryo development and pregnancy.Results Implantation rate was significantly lower in euthyroid women with TAI compared with control group (TAI group: 65.5% vs. Control group: 73.0%, adjusted OR (95% CI): 0.65 (0.44, 0.97), p = 0.04). We further stratified TAI group into two groups: one group with HT features under ultrasound and another group with normal thyroid ultrasound. After regression analysis, TAI women with HT morphological changes had a lower chance of implantation compared with control group (TAI group with HT: 64.1% vs. Control group: 73.0%, adjusted OR (95% CI): 0.63 (0.41, 0.99), p = 0.04), while there was no significant difference on implantation rate between TAI women with normal thyroid ultrasound and control group. Other outcomes, such as embryo qualities and pregnancy rate, were comparable between TAI and control groups.Conclusions A higher risk of implantation failure was seen among euthyroid women with TAI, especially women with HT morphological changes under ultrasound. The underlying mechanisms of implantation failure among euthyroid HT patients need further research.

Objective Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and has been a focus of extensive research. Utilizing Mendelian randomization, researchers have begun to untangle the complex causal relationships underlying CKD. This review delves into the advances and challenges in the application of MR in the field of nephrology, shifting from a mere summary of its principles and limitations to a more nuanced exploration of its contributions to our understanding of CKD.Methods Key findings from recent studies have been pivotal in reshaping our comprehension of CKD. Notably, evidence indicates that elevated testosterone levels may impair renal function, while higher sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels appear to be protective, predominantly in men. Surprisingly, variations in plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels seem unaffected by genetically induced changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), suggesting an independent pathway for renal function impairment.Results Furthermore, lifestyle factors such as physical activity and socioeconomic status emerge as significant influencers of CKD risk and kidney health. The relationship between sleep duration and CKD is nuanced; short sleep duration is linked to increased risk, while long sleep duration does not exhibit a clear causal effect. Additionally, lifestyle factors, including diet, exercise, and mental wellness activities, play a crucial role in kidney health. New insights also reveal a substantial causal connection between both central and general obesity and CKD onset, while no significant links were found between genetically modified LDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels and kidney function.Conclusion This review not only presents the recent achievements of MR in CKD research but also illuminates the path forwards, underscoring critical unanswered questions and proposing future research directions in this dynamic field.

Neuromorphic computing implemented with spiking neural networks (SNNs) based on volatile threshold switching is an energy‐efficient computing paradigm that may overcome future limitations of the von Neumann architecture. Herein, threshold switching in oxyvanite (V3O5) memristors and their application as a leaky integrate‐and‐fire (LIF) neuron are explored. The spiking response of individual neurons is examined as a function of circuit parameters, input pulse train, and temperature and reveals a pulse height‐dependent spike rate in which devices exhibit excitatory spiking behavior under low input voltages and protective inhibition spiking under high voltages. Resistively coupled LIF neurons are shown to exhibit additional neural functionalities (i.e., phasic, regular and adaptation, etc.) depending on the input voltage and circuit parameters. The behavior of both individual and coupled neurons is shown to be described by a physics‐based lumped element circuit model, which therefore provides a solid foundation for exploring more complex systems. Finally, the performance of a perceptron SNN employing these LIF neurons is assessed by simulating the classification of image recognition algorithm. These results advance the development of robust solid‐state neurons with low power consumption for neuromorphic computing.

Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells interact to promote HCC progression, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1) has conflicting roles in HCC, and microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate tumor progression through intercellular communication. Therefore, we investigated the potential involvement of miRNA/SERPINE1 axis in crosstalk between CAFs and HCC cells. Methods In this study, candidate miRNAs targeting SERPINE1 3′ UTR were predicted using multiple miRNA databases. The miRNAs and SERPINE1 mRNA expression in Huh7 cells was assessed after co-culture with CAFs using RT-qPCR. Huh7 cell proliferation and invasion were detected after SERPINE1 siRNA. The functions of the CAF-derived miR-642a-3p/SERPINE1 axis in HCC cells were examined using CCK-8, wound healing, transwell assays, western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Moreover, a orthotopic xenograft model was used to investigate the contribution of miR-642a-3p knockdown in HCC. Results SERPINE1 mRNA expression decreased, while miR-642a-3p expression increased in Huh7 cells co-cultured with CAFs. SERPINE1 knockdown enhanced Huh7 cell proliferation and invasion as well as miR-642a-3p expression. miR-642a-3p overexpression promoted migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Huh7 cells by targeting SERPINE1, while miR-642a-3p knockdown yielded the opposite effect. Rescue experiments confirmed that SERPINE1 knockdown attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-642a-3p knockdown on migration, invasion, and EMT in Huh7 cells. Importantly, miR-642a-3p knockdown suppressed growth and EMT in orthotopic liver tumors. Conclusion CAF-derived miR-642a-3p/SERPINE1 axis facilitated migration, invasion, and EMT in the HCC cells, suggesting miR-642a-3p/SERPINE1 axis can be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks among the most prevalent cancers worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies. The standard treatment regimen generally involves surgical intervention followed by systemic therapies; however, the median survival rates for patients remain unsatisfactory. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a pivotal advancement in cancer treatment. Both clinical and preclinical studies emphasize the notable efficacy of CAR T cells in targeting HCC. Various molecules, such as GPC3, c-Met, and NKG2D, show significant promise as potential immunotherapeutic targets in liver cancer. Despite this, employing CAR T cells to treat solid tumors like HCC poses considerable challenges within the discipline. Numerous innovations have significant potential to enhance the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy for HCC, including improvements in T cell trafficking, strategies to counteract the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and enhanced safety protocols. Ongoing efforts to discover therapeutic targets for CAR T cells highlight the need for the development of more practical manufacturing strategies for CAR-modified cells. This review synthesizes recent findings and clinical advancements in the use of CAR T-cell therapies for HCC treatment. We elucidate the therapeutic benefits of CAR T cells in HCC and identify the primary barriers to their broader application. Our analysis aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and future prospects of CAR T-cell immunotherapy for HCC.

Objective: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are characterized by excessive triglyceride accumulation in the liver. However, due to an incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis, more efforts are needed to identify specific and effective treatments. N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is a newly discovered RNA modification to regulate mRNA. N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) has not been fully explored in MASLD and MASH. Methods: The clinical relevance of NAT10 was evaluated based on its expression in various mouse and human models of MASLD and MASH. Acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and mRNA stability assays were used to explore the role of NAT10 in regulating ac4C modification and expression of target genes. Genetically engineered mice were employed to investigate the role of NAT10 in MASLD and MASH progression. Results: Hepatic NAT10 expression was significantly increased in multiple mice and humans of MASLD and MASH. Genetic knockout of NAT10 protected mice from diet-induced hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis, whereas overexpression of NAT10 exacerbated high-fat-diet-induced liver steatosis. Mechanistically, NAT10 binds to Srebp-1c mRNA, promoting its stability and expression, thereby upregulating lipogenic enzymes. Treatment with Remodelin, a NAT10-specific inhibitor, effectively ameliorates liver steatosis and dyslipidemia in a preclinical mouse model. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that NAT10 could regulate lipid metabolism in MASLD and MASH by stabilizing Srebp-1c mRNA and upregulating lipogenic enzymes. This study highlights the role of NAT10 and RNA acetylation in the pathogenesis of MASLD and MASH. Thus, our findings suggest a promising new therapeutic approach, such as the use of NAT10 inhibitor, for treating metabolic liver disease.

BackgroundThe onset and progression of diabetes mellitus (DM) is strongly linked to oxidative stress. Previous studies have highlighted the protective effects of individual dietary antioxidants against diabetes. However, the relationship between a comprehensive combination of dietary antioxidants and diabetes has rarely been examined. Therefore, this study assessed the association between various dietary antioxidant intake levels and diabetes among US adults and further investigated potential associations using the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI).MethodsThe study employed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2011 and 2018 for cross-sectional analysis. Dietary information was obtained from two 24-h dietary recall interviews. The CDAI was calculated using intakes of six dietary antioxidants from the dietary information. Multifactorial logistic regression models were employed to investigate the association of different dietary antioxidants and CDAI with DM. The relationship between CDAI and DM was further explored using subgroup analyses and restricted cubic spline curves.ResultsA total of 7,982 subjects (mean age 47.32 ± 16.77 years; 48.50% male and 51.50% female) were included in this study. In the multivariate-adjusted single antioxidant model, vitamin C intake was significantly and negatively associated with diabetes prevalence (P for trend = 0.047), while zinc intake demonstrated a potential trend toward reduced diabetes risk (P for trend = 0.088). This association was similarly observed in the multivariate-adjusted model for the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) in the female population (p = 0.046).ConclusionIntake of vitamin C was negatively associated with DM prevalence. Additionally, CDAI was found to reduce the risk of DM in the female population.

Abstract To enhance the anesthetic efficacy and reduce toxic side effects, a strategy is proposed involving the utilization of general anesthetics of Propofol (Pro) and Etomidate (Eto) to synergistic inhibition GABA receptors simultaneously. Four‐in‐one molecular aggregates were prepared to implement this strategy, which comprised of Pro and Eto with the bridging molecule monoglyceride monooleate (GMO) and surfactant F127 through intermolecular forces. The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) targeted lactoferrin (LF) is affixed to their surface, obtaining the final molecular aggregates. By employing lactoferrin enrich aggregates to the BBB, followed by ultrasound combine microbubbles to open the BBB, a remarkable 4.5‐fold enhancement in brain drug delivery was achieved. The molecular aggregates group maintained stable parameters of heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure. A notable increase of more than twice therapeutic index (TI) value was observed, implying their higher anesthesia efficiency and reduced toxicity. Electroencephalogram (EEG) experiments demonstrate a significant elevation in the proportion of δ waves from 28% to 80% for aggregates, accompanied by a nearly fivefold reduction in the proportion of θ waves, meaning a significant improvement in synergistic anesthesia effectiveness (interaction index 0.289) with lower drug dosage. Furthermore, mouse immunofluorescence brain slice experiments suggest Pro and Eto enter the GABA receptor simultaneously, resulting in synergistic inhibition of GABA receptors.

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are molecular chaperones that are widely present in plants and play a vital role in the response of plants to various environmental stimuli. This study employed transgenic Arabidopsis to investigate the impact of the new tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) sHSP protein (SlHSP17.3) on salt stress tolerance. Transient conversion analysis of Arabidopsis protoplasts revealed that SlHSP17.3 localized to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, as suggested by expression analysis, salt stress stimulated SlHSP17.3 expression, suggesting that SlHSP17.3 is involved in the salt stress response of plants. SlHSP17.3-overexpressing plants presented greater germination rates, fresh weights, chlorophyll contents, and Fv/Fm ratios, as well as longer root lengths, lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and lighter cell membrane injury under salt stress. Furthermore, certain stress-related genes (AtCOR15, AtDREB1B, and AtHSFA2) were up-regulated in salt-stressed transgenic plants. Overall, SlHSP17.3 overexpression improved the salt stress resistance of transgenic plants, mainly through increasing AtCOR15, AtDREB1B, and AtHSFA2 expression.

Background: Early recognition and prediction of stroke mimics (SM) can avoid inappropriate recanalization therapy and delay in the management of SM etiology. The purpose of this study is to screen the predictors for SM and develop a novel predictive nomogram model for predicting SM. Meanwhile, the diagnostic performance of the nomogram model was evaluated and validated. The diagnostic efficacy of the nomogram model was also compared with four other SM structured scales. Methods: The clinical data of eligible patients were retrospectively enrolled as training datasets from January 2020 to December 2021; and the clinical data of eligible patients were prospectively enrolled as validation datasets from February to December 2022 in stroke center, Shengjing hospital, respectively. Univariate analysis and Lasso regression were used to select the optimal predictors for the training set, and a nomogram model was constructed by multivariate logistics regression, predictive scoring based on nomogram model is performed for each subject suffering from suspected acute ischemic stroke. Area under the curve (AUC), Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, Calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), clinical impact curve (CIC) analysis and bootstrap sampling were performed to assess and validate the predictive performance and clinical utility of the nomogram model, and the DeLong test was used to compare the overall diagnostic performance of the nomogram model with the other four structured SM scales. The Delong test was also conducted to assess the external reliability of the SM nomogram model by comparing the predictive diagnostic performance of the validation set with the training set. Additionally, the Calibration curve was utilized to evaluate the diagnostic calibration capability of the SM nomogram model in the validation set. Results: 703 eligible patients (68 with SM, accounting for 9.7 %) were assigned to the training set, while 301 patients (26 with SM, accounting for 8.6 %) were assigned to the validation set. A nomogram model was then developed using these six parameters (SBP, history of epilepsy, isolated dizziness, isolated sensory impairment, headache, and absence of speech impairment symptoms), a dynamic web-based version of the nomogram was subsequently created. Comparing with four other scales, the nomogram model showed the highest overall diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.929, 95%CI = 0.908–0.947). The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was conducted to assess the agreement between the predicted SM values from the model and the observed SM values. The results of the test indicated a favorable consistency (χ2 = 9.299, P = 0.3177) between the predicted and observed SM. The results obtained from the analysis of the Calibration curve, DCA curve, and CIC analysis suggested that the nomogram possesses a favorable predictive capacity and superior clinical usefulness. Furthermore, the external validation demonstrated that there is no significant difference in the overall predictive diagnostic performance between the validation set and training set (0.929 vs 0.910, P > 0.05), thereby confirming the favorable stability of the nomogram model. Conclusion: Our study firstly proposed a nomogram prediction approach based on the clinical features of SM, which could effectively predict the occurrence of SM. The utilization of the nomogram in stroke center proves advantageous for the identification and evaluation of SM, thereby enhancing diagnostic decision-making and strategies employed for suspected acute stroke patients.

Abstract Background Non-conventional yeasts hold significant potential as biorefinery cell factories for microbial bioproduction. Currently, gene editing systems used for these yeasts rely on antibiotic and auxotrophic selection mechanisms. However, the drawbacks of antibiotics, including high costs, environmental concerns, and the dissemination of resistance genes, make them unsuitable for large-scale industrial fermentation. For auxotrophic selection system, the engineered strains harboring auxotrophic marker genes are typically supplemented with complex nutrient-rich components instead of precisely defined synthetic media in large-scale industrial fermentations, thus lack selection pressure to ensure the stability of heterologous metabolic pathways. Therefore, it is a critical to explore alternative selection systems that can be adapted for large-scale industrial fermentation. Results Here, a novel glucose-dependent selection system was developed in a high pullulan-producing non-conventional strain A. melanogenum P16. The system comprised a glucose-deficient chassis cell Δpfk obtained through the knockout of the phosphofructokinase gene (PFK) and a series of chromosomal integration plasmids carrying a selection marker PFK controlled by different strength promoters. Utilizing the green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) as a reporter gene, this system achieved a 100% positive rate of transformation, and the chromosomal integration numbers of GFP showed an inverse relationship with promoter strength, with a customizable copy number ranging from 2 to 54. More importantly, the chromosomal integration numbers of target genes remained stable during successive inoculation and fermentation process, facilitated simply by using glucose as a cost-effective and environmental-friendly selectable molecule to maintain a constant and rigorous screening pressure. Moreover, this glucose-dependent selection system exhibited no significant effect on cell growth and product synthesis, and the glucose-deficient related selectable marker PFK has universal application potential in non-conventional yeasts. Conclusion Here, we have developed a novel glucose-dependent selection system to achieve customizable and stable multilocus chromosomal integration of target genes. Therefore, this study presents a promising new tool for genetic manipulation and strain enhancement in non-conventional yeasts, particularly tailored for industrial fermentation applications.

Highlights To summarize the mechanisms and pathophysiological features of ALI after burn. To classify the targets for the treatment of ALI. Describe the types of nanomedicines used to treat ALI. These findings suggest the prospects and outlook for nanomaterial-targeted therapy for ALI.

Abstract Background Quantitative techniques such as T2 and T1ρ mapping allow evaluating the cartilage and meniscus. We evaluated multi-interleaved X-prepared turbo-spin echo with intuitive relaxometry (MIXTURE) sequences with turbo spin-echo (TSE) contrast and additional parameter maps versus reference TSE sequences in an in situ model of human cartilage defects. Methods Standardized cartilage defects of 8, 5, and 3 mm in diameter were created in the lateral femora of ten human cadaveric knee specimens (81 ± 10 years old; nine males, one female). MIXTURE sequences providing proton density-weighted fat-saturated images and T2 maps or T1-weighted images and T1ρ maps as well as the corresponding two- and three-dimensional TSE reference sequences were acquired before and after defect creation (3-T scanner; knee coil). Defect delineability, bone texture, and cartilage relaxation times were quantified. Appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests were used. Results Overall, defect delineability and texture features were not significantly different between the MIXTURE and reference sequences (p ≤ 0.47). After defect creation, relaxation times significantly increased in the central femur (T2pre = 51 ± 4 ms [mean ± standard deviation] versus T2post = 56 ± 4 ms; p = 0.002) and all regions combined (T1ρpre = 40 ± 4 ms versus T1ρpost = 43 ± 4 ms; p = 0.004). Conclusions MIXTURE permitted time-efficient simultaneous morphologic and quantitative joint assessment based on clinical image contrasts. While providing T2 or T1ρ maps in clinically feasible scan time, morphologic image features, i.e., cartilage defects and bone texture, were comparable between MIXTURE and reference sequences. Relevance statement Equally time-efficient and versatile, the MIXTURE sequence platform combines morphologic imaging using familiar contrasts, excellent image correspondence versus corresponding reference sequences and quantitative mapping information, thereby increasing the diagnostic value beyond mere morphology. Key points • Combined morphologic and quantitative MIXTURE sequences are based on three-dimensional TSE contrasts. • MIXTURE sequences were studied in an in situ human cartilage defect model. • Morphologic image features, i.e., defect delineabilty and bone texture, were investigated. • Morphologic image features were similar between MIXTURE and reference sequences. • MIXTURE allowed time-efficient simultaneous morphologic and quantitative knee joint assessment. Graphical Abstract

This study investigated the effects of β-alanine (β-Ala) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) metabolism, plasma biochemical parameters, and rumen bacterial communities in beef steers. Six steers with initial liveweight of 252.8 ± 5.2 kg and 3 treatments of supplementing with 0, 30, or 60 g β-Ala per day to basal diet were allocated in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Each experimental period was 20 d, of which the first 15 d were for adaptation and the subsequent 5 d were for sampling. The results showed that β-Ala linearly increased the ruminal concentration of microbial crude protein (MCP) (P = 0.005), but it did not affect the ruminal concentrations of ammonia N and total volatile fatty acids (P > 0.10). β-Ala also linearly increased the dry matter (DM) (P = 0.009), organic matter (OM) (P = 0.017) and crude protein (CP) (P = 0.043) digestibility, tended to decrease the acid detergent fiber digestibility (P = 0.077), but it did not affect the neutral detergent fiber digestibility (P = 0.641). β-Ala quadratically increased the relative abundance of ruminal Bacteroidota (P = 0.021) at the phylum level, and increased Prevotella (P = 0.028) and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 (P = 0.014), and decreased the relative abundance of NK4A214_group (P = 0.009) at the genus level. Feeding steers with β-Ala linearly increased the urinary N (P = 0.006), urea excretions (P = 0.002) and the N retention (P = 0.004), but it did not affect the N utilization efficiency (P = 0.120). β-Ala quadratically increased the plasma concentration of the total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.011) and linearly increased the plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (P

In China, the sulfate levels in acid mine drainage (AMD) are generally high. Developing an effective method to eliminate sulfate from wastewater is imperative for AMD treatment. Considering the promising prospect of treating AMD with converter steel slag, we analyze the removal effect and mechanism of sulfate in AMD treatment with steel slag by a single-factor experimental method. The adsorption amount and removal rate are determined using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The findings reveal that the removal efficiency of sulfate was influenced by the particle size of steel slag, pH of wastewater, solid–liquid ratio, and sulfate concentration. When the particle size of steel slag is less than 75 μm, the pH of the system is 2, the solid–liquid ratio is 70 g·L−1, and the initial sulfate concentration is 2000 mg·L−1; moreover, the removal rate of sulfate is the highest, which is 79.15% and the adsorption capacity is 36.79 mg·g−1. By linearly fitting the adsorption capacity data to the Langmuir and Freundlich equations, the adsorption process of sulfate on the steel slag surface is more in line with the Freundlich adsorption model. Furthermore, thermodynamic calculations demonstrate that the Gibbs free energy change (∆G) of adsorption is negative and enthalpy change (∆H) and entropy change (∆S) are both positive, which demonstrates that the process of sulfate adsorption on steel slag is spontaneous, entropy-driven, and endothermic chemical adsorption. Moreover, when the adsorption temperature is between 301 and 321 K, the adsorption capacity increases with increasing adsorption time and temperature, and when the adsorption time reaches 1320 min, the increasing trend of adsorption capacity slows down. Kinetic calculation results indicate that the equilibrium adsorption amount calculated using the secondary reaction rate equation is similar to the experimental equilibrium adsorption capacity, suggesting that the adsorption of sulfate on the steel slag surface conforms to the secondary adsorption kinetic model. Sulfate removal is mainly controlled by chemical processes, and material transport is not the main controlling step. Based on the intraparticle diffusion fitting results, the adsorption process goes through three stages: external rapid adsorption, internal gradual diffusion, and finally equilibrium. X-ray diffraction of steel slag before and after adsorption exhibits that sulfate existed on the steel slag surface in the form of gypsum, which was corroborated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and scanning electron microscopy characterization. In conclusion, the reaction between steel slag and sulfate is dominated by multilayer chemical adsorption combined with chemical precipitation, electrostatic adsorption, and surface complexation.

Lixiahe Plain's local water resources need to be evaluated effectively and comprehensively. This study is based on the multisource data from 60 natural water samples, 16 rainfall monitoring stations, and 2 evaporation monitoring stations from 1965 to 2020. Synchronous series representativeness analysis, water quality analysis, and water resource availability estimation are conducted to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of rainfall, evaporation, and water quality and calculate the availability of various types of water resources. The results indicate that the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall and evapotranspiration in the study area is uneven, which increases the threat of local floods and droughts. The quality of the main rivers and lakes in the region is good, and the water quality of the drinking water source area and groundwater reaches and even exceeds Class III water standards. In the year 2020, the total water usage in the research area reached 341 million m3. However, the available sum of surface water resources and transit water availability in 2022 was only 201 million m3, so local water supply needs cannot be easily met. Exploring the water resource characterization model of the Lower Rivers Plain can help in local water resource management and protection. HIGHLIGHTS A comprehensive evaluation of water resources is a prerequisite for securing regional water resource management.; Exploring the water resource characterization model of the Lower Rivers Plain can help in local water resource management and protection.; This study can provide a reference for the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of water resource characteristics in other global water-networked plain areas.;

Abstract I/II/III mixed mode fractures of intersecting joint fissures often occur in natural rock masses, and jointed rock masses are prone to rockbursts in deep underground engineering when subjected to long-term crustal stresses. However, most studies of the mechanical mechanisms of these intersected joints have been conducted by simplifying two-dimensional joint model tests. Furthermore, the fracture mechanisms of two-dimensional intersected joints under tension and compression are completely different from those of three-dimensional joints. This paper presents a novel prefabricated specimen with combinations of intersecting joints capable of detecting the failure behaviours of rock I/II/III mixed mode fractures under creep loading. Uniaxial compression and multistage creep tests are performed on prefabricated sandstone specimens with intersecting joints of 0°/0°, 0°/30°, 0°/60°, and 0°/90°. The experimental results show that with the increase in the number of prefabricated intersecting joints, the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus values of the sandstone specimens gradually decrease. In addition, the sandstone specimens experience relatively few AE events and minor axial strain variations in the first creep stage and the second creep stage of the multistage creep test. The axial strain increases sharply due to the sharp increase in the number of AE events in the third creep stage. The 0°/60° sandstone specimen undergoes accelerated creep failure, resulting in mixed X-shaped tensile‒shear rupture. The RA value is high based on the quantification of the creeping cracks using the acoustic emission parameters of the rise angle (RA) and average frequency (AF). The AF values of the 0°/0°, 0°/30°, and 0°/90° sandstone specimens are high. The experimental results show that a larger joint intersection angle leads to greater mutual restraints and greater effects of prefabricated crack propagation in the rock specimens, thus increasing the final failure strength. Finally, based on the acoustic emission count, a characteristic variable D suitable for characterizing the creep damage evolution of a joint rock mass is established. The findings of this paper can facilitate an effective understanding of the creep effect of I/II/III mixed mode fracture and its micromechanism. The research results will have a certain reference value for the detection and risk mitigation of instantaneous and time-delayed rockbursts.

In order to explore the effects of cooking pressure and holding time on the structure of chicken myofibrillar protein eggs, in this study, chicken breast meat was used as the main raw material, and atmospheric pressure, micro-pressure (4 kPa) and high-pressure (70 kPa) were selected to cook for 15~35 min. The changes of carbonyl content, sulfhydryl content, microstructure and protein secondary structure of myofibrillar protein during cooking were studied. The results showed that with the extension of holding time, the carbonyl content showed an upward trend, and the carbonyl content increased by 1.22 times, 1.38 times and 1.19 times respectively with normal pressure, micro pressure and high pressure cooking. The content of sulfhydryl group showed a downward trend, and the content of sulfhydryl group decreased by 29.6%, 29.8% and 31.4% respectively after normal pressure, micro pressure and high pressure cooking. With the extension of holding time, the content of β-sheet and random coil in the secondary structure of myofibrillar protein increased, and the content of α-helix decreased. The degree of damage to the structure of chicken breast protein was high pressure>micro pressure>normal pressure. The results of this study would provide data reference and technical support for the production of sauced chicken prefabricated products.

Abstract Based on SCADA data, this study aims at fitting three performance curves (PCs), power curve, pitch angle curve, and rotor speed curve, to accurately describe the normal behaviour of a wind turbine (WT) for performance monitoring and identification of anomalous signals. The fitting accuracy can be undesirably affected by erroneous SCADA data. Hence, outliers generated from raw SCADA data should be removed to mitigate the prediction inaccuracy, so various outlier detection (OD) approaches are compared in terms of area under the curve (AUC) and mean average precision (mAP). Among them, a novel unsupervised SVM‐KNN model, integrated by support vector machine (SVM) and k nearest neighbour (KNN), is the optimum detector for PC refinements. Based on the refined data by the SVM‐KNN detector, several common nonparametric regressors have largely improved their prediction accuracies on pitch angle and rotor speed curves from roughly 86% and 90.6%, respectively, (raw data) to both 99% (refined data). Noticeably, under the SVM‐KNN refinement, the errors have been reduced by roughly five times and 10 times for pitch angle and rotor speed predictions, respectively. Ultimately, bootstrapped prediction interval is applied to conduct the uncertainty analysis of the optimal predictive regression model, reinforcing the performance monitoring and anomaly detection.

Abstract Purpose The objective of this paper is to offer a thorough examination of the clinical presentations, etiology, and treatment strategies associated with perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas). Methods This retrospective study examined the comprehensive archival data of PEComa cases diagnosed at Beijing Hospital from 2015 to 2023. The pathology slides of all patients were thoroughly reassessed by two experienced pathologists. A thorough retrospective analysis was undertaken, incorporating clinicopathological data including gender, age at diagnosis, initial clinical manifestations, signs, disease onset site, tumor markers, imaging findings, therapeutic modalities, pathological features, immunohistochemical profiles, treatment responses, and prognostic indicators. Patients were evaluated for disease severity according to established pathological classification criteria and were followed up until the designated analysis cut-off date. In instances where patients were unable to be monitored on-site, they were contacted via telephone for postoperative follow-up inquiries. Results This study included 11 patients with ages ranging from 17 to 66 years old, presenting with the disease in multiple anatomical sites, including the retroperitoneum (2/11), liver (4/11), kidney (4/11), lung (1/11), and broad ligament of the uterus (1/11). Most patients presented with non-specific clinical symptoms and were subsequently diagnosed with space-occupying lesions upon physical examination. The tumor demonstrated progressive growth and enlargement, which could result in compression of neighboring organs. Preoperative imaging alone is insufficient for a definitive diagnosis of PEComa, but MRI can provide an initial evaluation of the tumor’s potential malignancy. Molecular marker testing specific to PEComa, such as HMB-45 (90.0%), SMA (81.8%), Melan-A (90.9%), vimentin (90.9%), and Desmin (36.3%), was conducted on all patients. No adjuvant therapies were administered postoperatively. Upon analysis, no instances of relapse at the primary site or the development of new tumors at other sites were observed. Regular imaging reviews of three patients with malignant PEComa post-surgery showed no evidence of recurrence. Conclusions The clinical presentation, tumor biomarkers, and imaging characteristics of PEComa lack specificity, necessitating dependence on pathology and immunohistochemistry for precise diagnosis. The mainstay of treatment consists of surgical resection, with patients typically experiencing a favorable prognosis.

Abstract Transcription is crucial for the expression of genetic information and its efficient and accurate termination is required for all living organisms. Rho-dependent termination could rapidly terminate unwanted premature RNAs and play important roles in bacterial adaptation to changing environments. Although Rho has been discovered for about five decades, the regulation mechanisms of Rho-dependent termination are still not fully elucidated. Here we report that Rof is a conserved antiterminator and determine the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of Rho-Rof antitermination complex. Rof binds to the open-ring Rho hexamer and inhibits the initiation of Rho-dependent termination. Rof’s N-terminal α-helix undergoes conformational changes upon binding with Rho, and is key in facilitating Rof-Rho interactions. Rof binds to Rho’s primary binding site (PBS) and excludes Rho from binding with PBS ligand RNA at the initiation step. Further in vivo analyses in Salmonella Typhimurium show that Rof is required for virulence gene expression and host cell invasion, unveiling a physiological function of Rof and transcription termination in bacterial pathogenesis.

Mitochondrial membrane remodeling can trigger the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), leading to the activation of cellular oxidative stress and immune responses. While the role of mitochondrial membrane remodeling in promoting inflammation in hepatocytes is well-established, its effects on tumors have remained unclear. In this study, we designed a novel Pt(IV) complex, OAP2, which is composed of oxaliplatin (Oxa) and acetaminophen (APAP), to enhance its anti-tumor effects and amplify the immune response. Our findings demonstrate that OAP2 induces nuclear DNA damage, resulting in the production of nuclear DNA. Additionally, OAP2 downregulates the expression of mitochondrial Sam50, to promote mitochondrial membrane remodeling and trigger mtDNA secretion, leading to double-stranded DNA accumulation and ultimately synergistically activating the intracellular cGAS-STING pathway. The mitochondrial membrane remodeling induced by OAP2 overcomes the limitations of Oxa in activating the STING pathway and simultaneously promotes gasdermin-D-mediated cell pyroptosis. OAP2 also promotes dendritic cell maturation and enhances the quantity and efficacy of cytotoxic T cells, thereby inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Briefly, our study introduces the first novel small-molecule inhibitor that regulates mitochondrial membrane remodeling for active immunotherapy in anti-tumor research, which may provide a creative idea for targeting organelle in anti-tumor therapy.

Abnormal gaits including pelvic obliquity gait and knee hyperextension gait are common clinical symptoms related to flat-ground fall among elder adults. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of using lower limb myoelectrical signals (electromyographic signals, EMG) for gait pattern recognition and to identify the optimal machine learning (ML) algorithms for EMG signal processing. Seven healthy subjects were recruited with their EMG signals collected from eight muscles of the lower limbs during walking with normal and abnormal gaits. Four basic ML algorithms including support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (kNN), decision tree (DT), and naive Bayes (NB), and five deep learning models including convolutional neural network (CNN), long-short term memory (LSTM), bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), and CNN-BiLSTM were used to process the EMG signals recorded under different gaits. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the accuracy of individual ML algorithms in discriminating gait patterns. The overall accuracy was 95.78 % for SVM, 95.09 % for CNN-LSTM, and 96.28 % for CNN-BiLSTM, respectively. The overall accuracy was 90.25 % for DT, 92.62 ​% for kNN, 91.27 ​% for NB, and 90.34 ​% for CNN, respectively. The accuracy was 67.39 % for LSTM and 74.75 % for BiLSTM, respectively. Most ML algorithms in this study had an accuracy greater than 90 ​% in EMG-based abnormal gait pattern recognition except for LSTM and BiLSTM. This study provides novel technology for evaluation of gait pattern recognition related to flat ground fall.

Summary: Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne phlebovirus that causes viral hemorrhagic fever. Pandemic concerns have arisen due to the increased human-to-human transmission and high mortality rate, highlighting the urgent need for specific therapeutics. Methods: Our observational study characterized the memory B cell response to natural SFTSV infection in four survivors. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the SFTSV glycoprotein N (Gn) were isolated and tested for in vitro neutralizing activities and effects on virus binding. Structural analysis was performed to identify neutralizing epitopes recognized by the mAbs. Prophylactical and therapeutical protections were evaluated using a lethal SFTSV infection model. Findings: The selected mAbs exhibiting neutralizing activity primarily originate from the IGHV5-51 and IGHV3-30 germlines and target four distinct antigenic sites on SFTSV Gn. These elite mAbs effectively blocked the interaction between Gn and the cell receptor, preventing infections from five phylogenetically distinct SFTSV clades. Structural analysis revealed a novel neutralizing epitope located within SFTSV Gn domain I recognized by the elite mAbs. In mice of lethal infections with different SFTSV strains, administering a low dose of elite mAbs significantly improved survival rates in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Interpretation: This study identifies potent broadly neutralizing antibodies that holds promise for use in humans against SFTSV infection and highlights inhibition of receptor binding as a crucial mechanism for effective antibody-mediated neutralization against phleboviruses. Funding: The National Key Research and Development Plan of China (2018YFE0200401, 2022YFC2303300), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81825019), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M741824).