Search

Ants are expert navigators combining innate and learnt navigational strategies. Whereas we know that the ants' feeding state segregates visual-navigational memories in ants navigating along a learnt route, it is an open question if the motivational state also affects the ants' innate visual preferences. Wood ant foragers show an innate attraction to conspicuous visual cues. These foragers inhabit cluttered woodland habitat and feed on honeydew from aphids on trees. Hence, the attraction to 'tree-like' objects might be an ecologically relevant behavior that is tailored to the wood ants' foraging ecology. Foragers from other ant species with different foraging ecologies show very different innate attractions. We investigated here the innate visual response of wood ant foragers with different motivational states, i.e., unfed or fed, as well as males that show no foraging activity. Our results show that ants from all three groups orient toward a prominent visual cue, i.e., this intrinsic visuomotor response is not context-dependent, but a hardwired behavior seen across different motivational and ecological contexts.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00040-022-00867-3.

Akbar’s policy of religious toleration from early in his reign (1556–1605) long remained in need of a theoretical justification, especially one from within the framework of Islamic tradition. At long last, the concept of Ṣulḥ-i Kul, derived from s[ūfic thought, was found to answer the need. Here we bring together evidence from contemporary texts to establish more precisely when the secular conversion of this mystic notion took place and how it came to be used as a justification for human amity and religious tolerance by Akbar’s administration. Its short reign, however, ended within a few years of Akbar’s death.

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una investigación de la relación entre estética y ficción en la novela La vida breve (1950) de Juan Carlos Onetti. La metodología se postula con base en dos estudios fundamentales sobre teorías de la ficción, Teorías de la ficción literaria (1997) de Antonio Garrido Domínguez y Poética de la ficción (1993) de José María Pozuelo Yvancos, y se enfoca en las particularidades de la ficción literaria. Tradicionalmente, las teorías de la ficción se han desarrollado en las áreas de la filosofía, la lingüística y la literatura. Al revisar los estudios previos sobre el tema propuesto, se constata que, si bien existen análisis, la ficción no ocupa el centro de la atención (no es el tema principal). Finalmente, en el desarrollo de la investigación, se revela en qué sentido La vida breve es una novela metaficcional y cómo Onetti se inscribe en una tradición de escritores como Cervantes, Borges y Cortázar, entre otros.

The increasing demand for wearable electronic devices necessitates flexible batteries with high stability and desirable energy density. Flexible lithium-sulfur batteries (FLSBs) have been increasingly studied due to their high theoretical energy density through the multielectron chemistry of low-cost sulfur. However, the implementation of FLSBs is challenged by several obstacles, including their low practical energy density, short life, and poor flexibility. Various graphene-based materials have been applied to address these issues. Graphene, with good conductivity and flexibility, exhibits synergistic effects with other active/catalytic/flexible materials to form multifunctional graphene-based materials, which play a pivotal role in FLSBs. This review summarizes the recent progress of graphene-based materials that have been used as various FLSB components, including cathodes, interlayers, and anodes. Particular attention is focused on the precise nanostructures, graphene efficacy, interfacial effects, and battery layout for realizing FLSBs with good flexibility, energy density, and cycling stability.

Limited capacity and short life cycle of a battery are the major impediments in development of practical Electric Vehicles (EVs). Eco-driving is an optimization technique through which a velocity trajectory that consumes minimum energy is advised to the driver. However, presence of traffic signals to control large traffic network degrades the performance of eco-driving; as applying brakes to stop and then maximum re-acceleration to restart a trip consumes lot of energy. Eco-driving problem with multiple traffic signals and static model of battery has been proposed as Two Point Boundary Value Problem (TPBVP). TPBVP fails to solve multi-phase problem as a single phase due to discontinuity of the co-states at the junction, that is, start of a new phase. This paper investigates an optimal solution with both EV and battery dynamics in the presence of multiple traffic signals as Multi Point Boundary Value Problem (MPBVP) using multiple shooting technique. Traffic signals come at some intermediate points of a trip. MPBVP ensures continuity at the junction to solve the multi-phase problem as a single phase through inter dependencies between each phases. Goal of this work is not only to solve constrained eco-driving problem with traffic signals but also include charging and discharging limits on battery that indirectly improves battery’s life cycle. Results indicate that EV has crossed all the traffic signals during their green duration without applying brakes with also satisfying all the other constraints and continuity condition. Moreover, it can be seen that energy consumption using MPBVP is also marginally lesser as compared to TPBVP.

On November 4, 1845, a review appears in “Le Corsaire-Satan” about Philippe de Chennevieres (Jean de Falaise) concerning two volumes: Les Contes normands, par Jean de Falaise, traduits librement par l’ami Job and les Historiettes baguenaudieres par un Normand, published in Caen in 1842 and 1845 respectively. Although anonymous, the review is undoubtedly due to the pen of Baudelaire, who met the author during his stay in Paris. In 1848 Baudelaire signed a positive review, and in L’Essence du rire he borrowed from the Norman Tales a passage as tribute to their author. The friendship continues, although their correspondence shows discontinuous relationships. In Baudelaire’s short life, Chennevieres was not a simple passer-by. As it can be seen in the friendship of youth, there was a strong imprint of the early days on both. Recomposing the moments when they knew each other, those, more dispersed, when they saw each other again, allows us to cast a certain glance on Baudelaire, in particular on Baudelaire who wondered about prose.

Along with the rapid development of nanotechnology, the bio-safety assessment of nanotechnology products, including nanomaterials, becomes more and more important. Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a valuable model organism that has been widely used in the field of biology because of their excellent advantages, including low cost, small size, short life span, and highly conservative genomes with vertebral animals. In recent years, the number of nanotoxicological researches using C. elegans is persistently growing. According to these available studies, this review classified the adverse effects of nanomaterials in C. elegans into systematic, cellular and molecular toxicity, and focused on summarizing and analyzing the underlying mechanisms of metal, metal oxide and non-metallic nanomaterials causing toxic effects in C. elegans. The findings in this review provided an insight in further studies on assessing bio-safety of nanomaterials in the ecosystem using C. elegans. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Se registra en el humedal Los Pantanos de Villa, Lima, Perú, la presencia del cangrejo rojo de los pantanos, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852), una especie nativa del centro y sur de los Estados Unidos de América y el noreste de México, lo que representa su primer registro en las aguas continentales del Perú. Esta especie posee una acentuada plasticidad ecológica, lo que le confiere un fuerte carácter invasivo que lo ha convertido en uno de los cangrejos de agua dulce de mayor distribución en el mundo. Es omnívoro y oportunista, pudiendo cambiar de dieta según el cuerpo de agua donde se establece, que unido a un ciclo de vida corto y gran facilidad para incrementar su población, representa una amenaza potencial para las especies nativas y los ecosistemas naturales. Los peces y las aves son sus principales predadores. En Los pantanos de Villa se le ha encontrado en los canales Vista Alegre, Ganaderos y Huaylas, entre el 22 de septiembre del 2019 y el 1 de mayo del 2021.

Em períodos de crises econômicas, em que as pessoas buscam alternativas para superar as dificuldades financeiras, surgem novos casos de golpes envolvendo as pirâmides financeiras, com a falsa divulgação de enriquecimento rápido e fácil. O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar as principais características de uma pirâmide financeira, esclarecer a diferença entre o esquema de pirâmide financeira e marketing multinível e identificar os crimes correlatos. O método utilizado foi dedutivo com técnica de revisão bibliográfica. Foi possível concluir que para identificar uma pirâmide é necessário verificar se o negócio se sustenta através da taxa de ingresso de novos membros. O marketing multinível se diferencia das pirâmides pois se sustenta através das vendas de produtos. Pirâmides são esquemas insustentáveis, tem vida curta e poucas são as pessoas que realmente ganham dinheiro em função do prejuízo dos demais participantes do esquema e, apesar de haver previsão legal de crimes e penas, estas se mostram pouco eficazes.

Short Commentary By Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Department of Para-Clinical Sciences. University of the West Indies. St. Augustine Campus. Trinidad and Tobago

In recent years, crowd funding has seriously been considered as a novel method of financing start-up businesses and innovative ideas. In its short life time so far, the method has significantly grown in different aspects such as the number of proposed platforms, the number of campaigns and their success rate, the amount of capital provided, and the number of proposed models. In addition, various researchers have investigated the phenomenon from different points of view. Nevertheless, just a few studies have carried out a comprehensive review of the factors affecting this method. The main purpose of this research is to design and implement a comprehensive framework for factors that affect crowd funding. In order to achieve this goal, the effective factors in this regard were first identified through systematic review of the literature on crowd funding. Then, they were classified and clustered in a hexagonal framework based on the stakeholder's model. In other words, a qualitative method is used to extract the factors affecting crowd funding. The hexagons extracted from the literature were in 82 clusters out of which 38 were accounted for by capital seekers, 16 by investors and platforms, and 12 by other stakeholders. This study is the first effort to design a comprehensive framework for factors that affect crowd funding. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2021-02-02-07 Full Text: PDF

The library science terminology related to the new information technologies has become unstable with the emergence of the term “digital” as an alternative to the term “electronic”. The author expresses high opinion of the analysis of these terms, accomplished by Ksenia Yu. Volkova and Victor V. Zverevich in their article “Digital or electronic” (Nauch. and tech. b-ki. - 2020. - № 12. -P. 159-172), and as a follow-up, digs into the semantic difference of the terms content. In the professional literature, the discussion of modern terminology began with the term "virtual" in the 1990s. It was at the same time that the short life for the term was predicted, and experience speaks to the truth of the prediction. Electronic and digital document types exist in the technodocument cluster and - further - only of its technotronic subtype. The technotronic document is a document which creation and reproduction require modern technical instruments and technologies. Electronic document is the most modern type of technotronic document for the moment. The digital - electronic contraposing, which is widely used in the modern world library literature, is incorrect. In fact, the digital opposes the analog. Electronic is a general term applied both to digital and analog, as well as to virtual. The terms electronic and non-electronic make the dichotomous pair of concepts. The author foresees long relevance of the concept of electronic library science.

High-energy-density lithium (Li)-metal batteries (LMBs) suffer from short life spans caused by “dead” Li and dendrites. The generation of a stable, artificial solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) for...

In this article, we examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic opens opportunities for consensual politics and the reconstruction of a pluralistic public sphere in countries characterised by polarised p...

Increasing sea temperature is a driver of change for many fish traits, particularly for fast-growing epipelagic species with short life spans. With warming, altered spawning phenology and faster growth may produce substantially larger body sizes of the new cohort, affecting fishery productivity. We present an individual-based model (IBM) that predicts the distribution of fish length at catch under observed and projected thermal scenarios, accounting for mortality, temperature-dependent spawning phenology, temperature- and photoperiod- dependent growth. This IBM was demonstrated with Coryphaena hippurus (common dolphinfish), a circumglobally-distributed and highly thermophilic species sustaining commercial and recreational fisheries where it is present. The model projected a 13.2% increase in the average length at catch under marine heatwave conditions compared to the current thermal regime (1995–2005 average). Projections under RCP scenarios 4.5 and 8.5 by the end of the century led to 5.1% and 12.8% increase in average length, respectively. Furthermore, these thermal scenarios affected spawning phenology differently, producing higher variance in body size under RCP 8.5 scenario with respect to marine heatwave conditions. This study highlights how the environmental effects of climate change can alter the distribution of species length at catch., The present paper is part of the CERES project (H2020, EU 678193). Part of the data was obtained from the FAO-Copemed and FAO-Copemed II projects (http://www.faocopemed.org/). This study has been conducted using E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information. V. Moltó acknowledges a predoctoral grant funded by the Regional Government of the Balearic Islands and the European Social Fund, A. Ospina Álvarez was supported by H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (746361), and S. Pérez-Mayol salary was founded by PN Project DREAMER (CTM2015-66676-C2-1-R). We also acknowledge Andreina Fenech, Marie Louise Pace, and Roberta Mifsud from the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture of Malta for the data collection and provision.

Biomaterials function as an essential aspect of tissue engineering and have a profound impact on cell growth and subsequent tissue regeneration. The development of new biomaterials requires a potential platform to understand the host-biomaterial interaction, which is crucial for successful biomaterial implantation. Biomaterials analyzed in rodent models for in vivo research are cost-effective but tedious, and the practice has many technical difficulties. As an alternative, zebrafish provide an excellent biomaterial testing platform over the current rodent models. During growth and recovery, zebrafish bone morphogenesis shows a variety of inductive signals involved in the cycle that are close to those influencing differentiation of bone and cartilage in mammals, including humans. This platform is cheap, optically transparent, quick to change genes, and provides reliable reproducibility on short life cycles. Chitosan is a well-known biomaterial in the field of tissue engineering. In view of its documented use in bone regeneration, the biological characterization of chitosan-based bioactive materials in the zebrafish model has been featured in an outstanding note. We, therefore, outlined this review of the zebrafish as a potential in vivo research model for the rapid characterization of the biological properties of new biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications.

Emily Bronte was famously reclusive. In the eighteen months she spent away from home during her short life she was deeply unhappy, and at Roe Head and Law Hill she was distressed enough to become p...

About 20% of people older than forty years old face more bone degenerative diseases. The older population is increasing quite rapidly than before which increases the need for knee or hip implants tremendously. One of the major problems of the current implants is their short lifetime and their impact on the surrounding human tissue. The short life can be attributed to implant wear, loosening, and misalignment, which often cause pain and discomfort to the patient. Functional failure of the implant may be followed by a revision surgery, which is often painful and has a relatively low success rate. Moreover, to avoid unexpected failure and unnoticed deterioration of the implant, it is important to make provision for monitoring implants’ performance. Instrumented implants can provide accurate monitoring of the loosening state of the implant, which can delay the revision surgeries and its consequences. This study provides a comprehensive review of the technological development of instrumented hip implants to monitor the status of the implants. The main requirements for the implants are highlighted by reviewing different aspects of the instrumented hip implant systems. In-vivo studies reported in the literature were summarized. Vibration and Acoustic Emission (AE) measurement based loosening detection were found to be the most common methods for in-vitro studies. A comprehensive review of power supply and communication modules was presented. Despite the advancement in this field, current systems are not yet able to provide effective monitoring of the implant’s status during the daily activities of patients.

There are several problems for the school children to take the pure milk especially the goat milk every day because of the unpleasant taste and smell of the goat milk are not so good. Besides, the pure milk has a short life time. It is difficult to store the goat milk in a long period of time at room temperature. The solution for this problem is change the goat milk from liquid form into the chewable milk tablet that can be easily consume by the school children. Goat milk in the form of tablet formulation will increase the shelf life of the product. Therefore, the chewable goat milk tablet can be stored in a long period of time, convenience, and suitable for distribution to remote areas. In this project, the focusing was more into the optimization of the weight adjustment of the tableting machine before and after the dry granulation to form good chewable tablet. The pre-evaluation had been done for the goat milk powder and granule after dry granulation process. It can be concluded that goat milk tablet can be an alternative to the pure goat milk. The poorly flowing properties of goat milk powder can be improved by using dry granulation techniques. Based on this study, F4D shows the best setting to produce the goat milk tablet using dry granulation technique. F4D successfully improved the flow ability and compressibility of goat milk tablet. It also produce the best goat milk tablet as it possess uniformity of weight, low friability and good hardness

The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (Dox) and its peptide modifications Z-Gly-Pro-Dox and Boc-Gly-Pro-Dox were studied. Tetrahymena pyriformis was used as a test system, which made it possible, due to the short life cycle and high reproduction rate of ciliates, to trace their response to the effects of toxicants over several generations. It was found that peptide modification of the Dox molecule markedly reduces its cytotoxic and cytostatic effect. The Z-Gly-Pro-Dox modification has less cytotoxic and cytostatic effect compared to Boc-Gly-Pro-Dox. When determining the ability of drugs (at a concentration of 100 μM) to prevent bacterial contamination of samples, it was shown that the smallest degree of overgrowth was recorded in the presence of Dox (OD600nm 81.1). Boc-Gly-Pro-Dox also had a bacteriostatic effect, though less pronounced (OD600nm 93.8). The degree of overgrowth in the presence of Z-Gly-Pro-Dox was close to that of distilled water. The results obtained on ciliates did not contradict the data obtained in similar studies on mice.

At the end of 2019 an old collection of insects was found in the Zoological Museum of Saratov State University. It was collected in the vicinity of Saratov, in the Lower Volga region, as well as in the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia, by young Andrey A. Richter while he was studying at school and Saratov University (1926–1930). The collection (185 specimens) was not processed, with most insects left unidentified. Nevertheless, it has been well preserved. Its examination has already produced first results important for better understanding of A. A. Richter biography. Further species identification may reveal the entomofauna composition not yet affected by environmental changes at the time, hence facilitating ecological research in the area. Collector – Andrey Andreevich Richter (1911–1950), prominent entomologist, Doctor of Biological Sciences (1945), professor, head of the coleopterology laboratory at the Institute of Zoology, Russian Academy of Sciences. In 1938–1939 he was arrested and imprisoned on false allegations. His life and scientific career were cut short by terminal illness at the age of 39. His main studies were focused on elytral venation and its role in phylogenetics, and on the detailed jewel beetles taxonomy (Buprestidae). The article is based on the documents and correspondence from Russian state archives, as well as from Richter family archive.

PurposeBecause of short life cycle and fluctuating greatly in total sales volumes (TSV), it is difficult to accumulate enough sales data and mine an attribute set reflecting the common needs of all consumers for a kind of experiential product with short life cycle (EPSLC). Methods for predicting TSV of long-life-cycle products may not be suitable for EPSLC. Furthermore, point prediction cannot obtain satisfactory prediction results because information available before production is inadequate. Thus, this paper aims at proposing and verifying a novel interval prediction method (IPM).Design/methodology/approachBecause interval prediction may satisfy requirements of preproduction investment decision-making, interval prediction was adopted, and then the prediction difficult was converted into a classification problem. The classification was designed by comparing similarities in attribute relationship patterns between a new EPSLC and existing product groups. The product introduction may be written or obtained before production and thus was designed as primary source information. IPM was verified by using data of crime movies released in China from 2013 to 2017.FindingsThe IPM is valid, which uses product introduction as input, classifies existing products into three groups with different TSV intervals, mines attribute relationship patterns using content and association analyses and compares similarities in attribute relationship patterns – to predict TSV interval of a new EPSLC before production.Originality/valueDifferent from other studies, the IPM uses product introduction to mine attribute relationship patterns and compares similarities in attribute relationship patterns to predict the interval values. It has a strong applicability in data content and structure and may realize rolling prediction.

In this paper, a multistage decision-making problem concerning uncertainty and ambiguity is discussed using Pythagorean fuzzy sets. Complement Pythagorean fuzzy membership grades and their properties are also considered. Using the definition of an alpha-level set, we introduce the multistage decision-making problems, where the possibility theory and satisfaction grades are declared with the help of Pythagorean membership grades. Pythagorean multistage decision-making is an uncertain theory, where decision-maker has only one opportunity to choose the scenario under the combination of Pythagorean possibility and satisfaction grades at each stage. According to the selection of criteria, a series of decision points are concluded. The payoff collaborates with these decision points at each stage. The multistage decision-making using Pythagorean fuzzy sets is the scenario-based theory in place of other theories like lottery-based theory etc. The results have been calculated using multistage Pythagorean fuzzy sets in which the decision-maker has only one chance to select the optimal solution. The TOPSIS technique has been applied and the comparison between these two techniques is highlighted.

Due to increasing human health disorders like diabetes, heart rate fluctuations, and different ocular complications, implantable medical devices (IMD) and wearable devices are continuously developed. These can be used not only in medical facilities but also at work stations and homes. The main focus is to develop comfortable and economical medical devices. For this, bio-compatible bio-fuel cells have been employed for power generation and to overcome the replacement issues. The category of bio-chemical and electrode reaction plays an important role to classify the fuel cells (FC). These may include an enzymatic biofuel cell (EBFC), precious metal FC or a microbial fuel cell (MFC). EBFC can be seen effectively applied to pacemakers and glucometers due to their high activity within mild conditions. However, the short life span is still a major challenge. In this review article, we have discussed the earlier researches in the field of implantable medical devices utilizing enzymes, precious metals, and microorganism as catalysts. Moreover, we have critically discussed various applications of FCs for in-vitro medical devices i.e. glucometer, alcohol testers, wound treatment device, and more. Safety is the foremost concern in these devices. Along with this, special attention has been given to recently developed optical contact lenses as an alternative to glucometers. The fuel cell implantations is at the early stages of testing and the results have been in the favor of commercializing these devices.

Despite the rapid progress in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% to 25.5% with ten years of effort, the real outdoor applications of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are still significantly limited by their poor device stability. The factors determining the stability of PSCs can be divided into extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Advanced encapsulation techniques can be applied to only exclude the effect from extrinsic environmental factors such as moisture and oxygen in ambient air. The intrinsic stability issues of PSCs are difficult to thoroughly resolve by device engineering, determining the short life span of devices. Therefore, in this review, we only focus on the intrinsic stability of PSCs, especially the stability related to the properties of the perovskite active materials. Several degradation mechanisms of perovskite materials resulting from (1) ion dissociation and migration, (2) metal–perovskite reactions, and (3) residual strain are thoroughly analyzed and the corresponding possible strategies to improve the device stability are summarized. Finally, the perspective of research directions in the perovskite photovoltaic field for future large-scale deployment has been discussed. This review will draw tremendous attention from worldwide researchers to the intrinsic stability study of perovskites and provide useful guidance to further improve the operational stability of PSCs.

Age-related variations in the hippocampus mass in the late postnatal ontogeny of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) from the spring and autumn generations are considered in a comparative aspect. The mass of the hippocampus of the spring voles increases regularly over their short life cycle and approaches the values maximum for the species at two months of age. In the autumn voles, a two-peak growth curve is detected, the hippocampus increasing until September, after which an autumn-winter regression of the mass of this brain region was observed. The hippocampal growth of autumn voles resumed at the age of 7–9 months and coincided with the beginning of the period of reproduction. The hippocampus of autumn voles reached a definitive size at the age of 10–11 months. The results obtained characterize specific features of hippocampal growth in spring and autumn voles. The mechanisms that switch the alternative types of ontogeny of the seasonal generations are discussed.

Aplikasi ini dibuat untuk mempermudah pengasrsipan dokumen pada Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia(BKPSDM) Kabupaten Kapuas, dimana selama ini pengarsipan dokumen selama ini masih menggunakan cara manual, sehingga dirasa zaman teknologi yang serba cepat, pengarsipan manual dirasa lambat dalam pencarian dokumen, penyimpan, dan kendala daya tahan media kertas yang memiliki umur yang singkat dalam menyimpan data pengarsipan dokumen ini. Aplikasi ini dibuat menggunakan Visual Studio 2012, dimana bahasa pengembangannya sendiri menggunakan bahasa C#, Menggunakan Library EmguCV x86 2.4.0.1717 untuk Optical Character Recognition(OCR), Tesseract(Software) untuk algoritma dari OCR, Serta PDFRasterizer untuk melakukan konversi file berformat pdf, menjadi file berformat png. Ada beberapa fasilitas yang disediakan dalam program ini berupa penginputan data dokumen masuk, peginputan data dokumen keluar, pendisposisian dokumen, pengeditan, penghapusan, laporan data dokumen masuk, laporan data dokumen keluar, laporan data user, laporan data disposisi, laporan data jabatan, dan laporan jenis dokumen. Dengan adanya aplikasi ini diharapkan dapat membantu dalam pengarsipan dokumen secara digital di Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia(BKPSDM) Kabupaten Kapua, sehingga lebih efisien dalam melakukan penginputan data, pencarian data, serta meminimalisir kesalahan dan kerusakan pengarsipan dokumen.

Positive displacement motors are widely used underground power tools in oil and gas extraction. In order to solve the problems of the short life of the conventional positive displacement motor and the difficulty of machining the constant wall positive displacement motor, this paper proposes a metal bush stator. Based on theoretical analysis and tensile experiment of 304 stainless steel, a finite element model of an external high-pressure forming equal-wall-thickness metal spiral tube was established. The finite element method is used to study the external high pressure forming spiral tube with equal wall thickness. According to the results of the numerical simulation, we choose the tube blank with the inner diameter of 88 mm×the wall thickness of 3 mm for the experiment of external high pressure forming spiral tube. The result of the experiment is that the inner and outer surfaces of the metal spiral tube are smooth, and the spiral tube has no wrinkles or cracks. The maximum gap between the spiral tube and the mold is 0.12 mm, and the inner surface of the spiral tube is close to the mold. The maximum gap are at the transition of convex arc and concave arc. The minimum wall thickness and the maximum wall thickness of the spiral tube are 2.6 mm and 3.205 mm, respectively. The quality of the spiral tube is better when the inner circumference length of the tube (D2)/the contour line circumference (D1) of the mold is 0.974. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results. We have designed an assembled mold, which can be removed smoothly after the experiment. The research results of this paper have important engineering significance for improving the working performance of positive displacement motors.

Richard Lovell Edgeworth’s plan to establish a permanent network of optical telegraphs across Ireland never materialized. Even so, the telegraph’s short life and literary and material afterlives me...

El Estridentismo es el movimiento de vanguardia que recoge los anhelos de reivindicación social del México posrevolucionario. Germán List Arzubide (protagonista del grupo estridentista) da cuenta de la dinámica y efímera vanguardia mexicana –por su breve tiempo de vida– a través de las páginas de un memorioso y disfrutable libro: El movimiento estridentista. También es el visionario editorial del grupo, con la fundación y dirección de las revistas Ser, en Puebla, y Horizonte, en Xalapa, la estridentópolis imaginada por los estridentistas. A lo largo de su vida, List Arzubide hizo suyas e impulsó las tendencias renovadoras del momento que ubicaron al grupo en su preocupación social, ética y de comunión con las impaciencias derivadas de la Revolución. Este texto da cuenta de la labor sociopedagógica de List Arzubide a través del teatro social y del guiñol; sus aportaciones artísticas audaces; sus vocaciones didácticas, políticas y creativas. Un dispendio vital de rebeldía, como se definió siempre, List Arzubide es ejemplo del revolucionario integral, de la forma y de la cosa poética, colmado entre la batalla social y la nueva estética que el siglo XX instruyó.

It is challenging to forecast total sales of short life-cycle products due to a lack of historical sales data. Multi-source information combination methods make it possible to depict different kind...

This research explores the value of personality information sharing in a two-tier supply chain of innovative products that have a short life cycle and no pollution to the environment. We analyse th...

Introduction and objectives: Self-expanding metallic stents (SEMSs) are ideal treatment for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (MGOO) in patients with a short life expectancy, but stent dysfunction is frequent. The primary aim of our study was to identify the predictive factors of SEMS dysfunction in MGOO and the secondary aim was to determine the technical success, clinical success, and nutritional impact after SEMS placement. Materials and methods: A retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted at the gastrointestinal endoscopy department of the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología in Mexico City. Patients diagnosed with MGOO that underwent SEMS placement within the time frame of January 2015 to May 2018 were included. We utilized the gastric outlet obstruction scoring system to determine clinical success and SEMS dysfunction. Results: The study included 43 patients, technical success was 97.7% (n = 42), and clinical success was 88.3% (n = 38). SEMS dysfunction presented in 30.2% (n = 13) of the patients, occurring in < 6 months after placement in 53.8% (n = 7) of them. In the univariate analysis, the histologic subtype, diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma, (p = 0.02) and uncovered SEMS (p = 0.02) were the variables associated with dysfunction. Albumin levels and body mass index did not increase after SEMS placement. Medical follow-up was a mean 5.8 months (1-24 months). Conclusions: SEMS demonstrated adequate technical and clinical efficacy in the treatment of MGOO. SEMS dysfunction was frequent and diffuse-type gastric cancer and uncovered SEMS appeared to be dysfunction predictors. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: Los stents metálicos autoexpandibles (SEMS) son el tratamiento ideal de la obstrucción de salida gástrica maligna (OSGM) en pacientes con expectativa de vida corta, sin embargo, su disfunción es frecuente. El objetivo principal fue conocer los factores predictores de disfunción del SEMS en OSGM y los objetivos secundarios conocer éxito técnico, éxito clínico e impacto nutricional posterior al SEMS. Material y métodos: Estudio longitudinal, retrospectivo en el departamento de endoscopia gastrointestinal del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de la Ciudad de México. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de OSGM con colocación de SEMS de enero 2015 a mayo 2018. Utilizamos el sistema de obstrucción de salida gástrica (GOOSS) para establecer éxito clínico y disfunción del SEMS. Resultados: Incluimos 43 pacientes, el éxito técnico fue 97.7% (n = 42), éxito clínico 88.3% (n = 38). La disfunción del SEMS se presentó en el 30.2% (n = 13), de estos pacientes en el 53.8% (n = 7) la disfunción ocurrió en < 6 meses posterior a su colocación. En el análisis univariado el subtipo histológico adenocarcinoma gástrico difuso (p = 0.02) y SEMS no cubierto (SEMS-NC) (p = 0.02) fueron las variables asociadas a disfunción. La albumina e índice de masa corporal (IMC) no aumentaron posterior al SEMS. El seguimiento medio fue 5.8 meses (1-24 meses). Conclusiones: Los SEMS tienen adecuada eficacia técnica y clínica en el tratamiento de la OSGM. La disfunción del SEMS es frecuente y el tipo histológico cáncer gástrico difuso y SEMS-NC parecen ser predictores de disfunción.

The spread of the corona virus (COVID-19) has had a massive impact on all business sectors in Indonesia. Food cold supply chain is a business sector that is quite badly affected. This is because the food cold chain requires special treatment to maintain its quality, has a relatively short life and cannot be returned. This article discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its social impacts such as social restrictions and area lockdown on the business of food cold chain. It also discusses mitigation that needs to be done to anticipate related issues such as food supply-demand, food safety and some transportation challenges

Acquisition or loss of flying ability is evolutionarily linked with maximum life span (MLS) in mammals and birds. Although ecological factors, such as extrinsic mortality, may lead to either shortened or extended life spans through natural selection, MLS is influenced by complex molecular and metabolic processes, and the genetic changes associated with flying ability that have led to either a longer or shorter MLS are unknown. Here, we examine the parallel evolution of flight in mammals and birds and investigate positively selected genes at branches where either the acquisition (in little brown bats and large flying foxes) or loss (in Adélie penguins, emperor penguins, common ostriches, emus, great spotted kiwis, little spotted kiwis, okarito brown kiwis, greater rheas, lesser rheas, and cassowaries) of flight abilities occurred. Although we found no shared genes under selection among all the branches of interest, 7 genes were found to be positively selected in 2 of the branches. Among the 7 genes, only IGF2BP2 is known to affect both life span and energy expenditure. The positively selected mutations detected in IGF2BP2 likely affected the functionality of the encoded protein. IGF2BP2, which has been reported to simultaneously prolong life span and increase energy expenditure, could be responsible for the evolution of shortened MLS associated with the loss of flying ability., Positively selected genes at the branches of interest.

A comparative study between Short Life Cut Off Low (SL-COL) extended for one day, and Long Life Cut Off Low (LL-COL) extended for ten days associated with successive rain storms over Iraq on 21 to 30 April, 2018. The study tracking the evolution stages of both COLs in different pressure surfaces at troposphere layer, and found that there are many dynamical processes effect on prolong the life of COL. These processes exchanged their roles between different pressure levels. In both cases the high potential vorticity (PV) anomaly at 315ᵒ K isentropic surface is responsible on the emergence COLs, and the convection processes at lower troposphere and latent heat at upper troposphere are responsible on COLs dissipation. The main reasons of long-life COL can be summaries as a high-pressure system below COL at the surface which preventing the convection process, the formation of Omega block that promoting the COL system and preventing its dissipation rapidly in spite of the intense convection processes due to tropical moist system at the surface.

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) has been gradually increasing over the past years but these emerging photovoltaic devices still suffer from relatively short life...

Due to anthropogenic activities and natural abundance, lead exposure is a common phenomenon. Neurotoxic and genotoxic effects of lead are widely known. Recent studies have suggested that lead exposure can affect young generation and transfer to the progeny thus posing a great threat for future generation. The present study was focused on lead toxicity in terms of locomotion and growth of Caenorhabditis elegans (N2 wild type) at three sub-lethal doses (3µM, 15 µM and 30 µM) of Pb (NO3)2 for 24 hours (sub-chronic exposure). Caenorhabditis elegans is a nematode with an established eco- toxicity marker model organism, due to its short life cycle and ease to monitor. After lead exposure, significant toxic manifestations were observed in locomotion of the nematode in terms of omega bends (+350% for 30 µM exposure dose, p

BACKGROUND: Despite guidelines recommending not to continue cancer screening for adults > 75 years old, especially those with short life expectancy, primary care providers (PCPs) feel ill-prepared to discuss stopping screening with older adults. OBJECTIVE: To develop scripts and strategies for PCPs to use to discuss stopping cancer screening with adults > 75. DESIGN: Qualitative study using semi-structured interview guides to conduct individual interviews with adults > 75 years old and focus groups and/or individual interviews with PCPs. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-five PCPs and 30 patients > 75 years old participated from six community or academic Boston-area primary care practices. APPROACH: Participants were asked their thoughts on discussions around stopping cancer screening and to provide feedback on scripts that were iteratively revised for PCPs to use when discussing stopping mammography and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. RESULTS: Twenty-one (47%) of the 45 PCPs were community based. Nineteen (63%) of the 30 patients were female, and 13 (43%) were non-Hispanic white. PCPs reported using different approaches to discuss stopping cancer screening depending on the clinical scenario. PCPs noted it was easier to discuss stopping screening when the harms of screening clearly outweighed the benefits for a patient. In these cases, PCPs felt more comfortable being more directive. When the balance between the benefits and harms of screening was less clear, PCPs endorsed shared decision-making but found this approach more challenging because it was difficult to explain why to stop screening. While patients were generally enthusiastic about screening, they also reported not wanting to undergo tests of little value and said they would stop screening if their PCP recommended it. By the end of participant interviews, no further edits were recommended to the scripts. CONCLUSIONS: To increase PCP comfort and capability to discuss stopping cancer screening with older adults, we developed scripts and strategies that PCPs may use for discussing stopping cancer screening. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11606-020-05735-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Hydractinia, a genus of colonial marine cnidarians, has been used as a model organism for developmental biology and comparative immunology for over a century. It was this animal where stem cells and germ cells were first studied. However, protocols for efficient genetic engineering have only recently been established by a small but interactive community of researchers. The animal grows well in the lab, spawns daily, and its relatively short life cycle allows genetic studies. The availability of genomic tools and resources opens further opportunities for research using this animal. Its accessibility to experimental manipulation, growth- and cellular-plasticity, regenerative ability, and resistance to aging and cancer place Hydractinia as an emerging model for research in many biological and environmental disciplines.

Due to the short life of nanobubbles in the pulp, their use in mineral processing, especially in fine grains, is rare. Hence, the use of sustainable nanobubbles with a long lifetime can lead to new...

ObjectThe primary treatment option for symptomatic metastatic spinal tumors is surgery. Prognostic systems are designed to assist in the establishment of the indication and the choice of surgical methodology. The best-known prognostic system is the revised Tokuhashi system, which has a predictive ability of about 60%. In our study, we are attempting to find the reason for its poor predictive ability, despite its proper separation ability.MethodsWe have designed a one-center-based retrospective clinical trial, by which we would like to test the feasibility and the inaccuracy of the revised Tokuhashi system. In our database, there are 329 patients who underwent surgery. Statistical analysis was performed.ResultsA significant increase in survival time was observed in the ‘conservative’ category. Earlier studies reported OS 0.15 at the 180-day control time, in contrast with our 0.38 OS value. The literature suggested supportive care for this category, but in our population, every patient underwent surgery. Our population passes the 0.15 OS value on day 475. We propose an adjustment of the Tokuhashi category scores. We observed significant success in resolving pain. Motor functions were improved or stabilized compared to changes in vegetative dysfunction.ConclusionAccording to our results, the Tokuhashi scoring system makes very conservative predictions and prefers non-surgical palliative or supportive care. Surgical treatment increases the life expectancy of patients in poor condition. We propose modifying the therapeutic options of the revised Tokuhashi system, taking into consideration modern spine surgery techniques.

A scholarly consensus has long held that in redefining alchemy, Paracelsus rejected metallic transmutation. I show here, however, that for most of his career Paracelsus believed that it was possible to change one metal into another, and even late in his short life he did not break with that view. Furthermore, in certain places in his works he also represented himself, occasionally directly and more often obliquely, as a practical transmutationist. Because Paracelsus not only acknowledged that metallic transmutations were theoretically possible but also claimed to have carried them out in practice, we must regard him as (among other things) a transmutational alchemist. As such, he had more in common than historians have generally admitted with both his medieval predecessors and his posthumous followers. The Paracelsian alchemists of the late-sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were not wrong to situate Paracelsus within the alchemical tradition, nor to connect their own goldmaking interests to his.

Growth factors are multi-functional signaling molecules that coordinate multi-stage process of wound healing. During wound healing, growth factors are transmitted to wound environment in a positive and physiologically related way, therefore, there is a broad prospect for studying the mediated healing process through growth factors. However, growth factors (GFs) themselves have disadvantages of instability, short life, rapid inactivation of physiological conditions, low safety and easy degradation, which hinder the clinical use of GFs. Rapid development of delivery strategies for GFs has been trying to solve the instability and insecurity of GFs. Particularly, in recent years, GFs delivered by scaffolds based on biomaterials have become a hotspot in this filed. This review introduces various delivery strategies for growth factors based on new biodegradable materials, especially polysaccharides, which could provide guidance for the development of the delivery strategies for growth factors in clinic.