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309 results on '"Shockley, E"'

1. The XENONnT Dark Matter Experiment

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Balata, M., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cassese, F., Chiarini, A., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Corrieri, R., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Dadoun, O., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., De Fazio, B., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Disdier, J. M., Douillet, D., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Form, S., Front, D., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Gardner, R., Garroum, N., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guerzoni, M., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Huhmann, C., Iacovacci, M., Iaquaniello, G., Iven, L., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martella, P., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Mele, E., Messina, M., Michinelli, R., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Nisi, S., Oberlack, U., Orlandi, D., Othegraven, R., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Parlati, S., Paschos, P., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rynge, M., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Stephen, J., Stern, M., Stillwell, B. K., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Tatananni, D., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Westermann, J., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run., Comment: 32 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2024

2. Design and performance of the field cage for the XENONnT experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., DÁndrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Šarčević, N., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The precision in reconstructing events detected in a dual-phase time projection chamber depends on an homogeneous and well understood electric field within the liquid target. In the XENONnT TPC the field homogeneity is achieved through a double-array field cage, consisting of two nested arrays of field shaping rings connected by an easily accessible resistor chain. Rather than being connected to the gate electrode, the topmost field shaping ring is independently biased, adding a degree of freedom to tune the electric field during operation. Two-dimensional finite element simulations were used to optimize the field cage, as well as its operation. Simulation results were compared to ${}^{83m}\mathrm{Kr}$ calibration data. This comparison indicates an accumulation of charge on the panels of the TPC which is constant over time, as no evolution of the reconstructed position distribution of events is observed. The simulated electric field was then used to correct the charge signal for the field dependence of the charge yield. This correction resolves the inconsistent measurement of the drift electron lifetime when using different calibrations sources and different field cage tuning voltages.
Published: 2023
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3. Search for events in XENON1T associated with Gravitational Waves

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antoń, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Carlos, D. G. Layos, Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M, Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C, Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We perform a blind search for particle signals in the XENON1T dark matter detector that occur close in time to gravitational wave signals in the LIGO and Virgo observatories. No particle signal is observed in the nuclear recoil, electronic recoil, CE$\nu$NS, and S2-only channels within $\pm$ 500 seconds of observations of the gravitational wave signals GW170104, GW170729, GW170817, GW170818, and GW170823. We use this null result to constrain mono-energetic neutrinos and Beyond Standard Model particles emitted in the closest coalescence GW170817, a binary neutron star merger. We set new upper limits on the fluence (time-integrated flux) of coincident neutrinos down to 17 keV at 90% confidence level. Furthermore, we constrain the product of coincident fluence and cross section of Beyond Standard Model particles to be less than $10^{-29}$ cm$^2$/cm$^2$ in the [5.5-210] keV energy range at 90% confidence level.
Published: 2023

4. Searching for Heavy Dark Matter near the Planck Mass with XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Multiple viable theoretical models predict heavy dark matter particles with a mass close to the Planck mass, a range relatively unexplored by current experimental measurements. We use 219.4 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment to conduct a blind search for signals from Multiply-Interacting Massive Particles (MIMPs). Their unique track signature allows a targeted analysis with only 0.05 expected background events from muons. Following unblinding, we observe no signal candidate events. This work places strong constraints on spin-independent interactions of dark matter particles with a mass between 1$\times$10$^{12}\,$GeV/c$^2$ and 2$\times$10$^{17}\,$GeV/c$^2$. In addition, we present the first exclusion limits on spin-dependent MIMP-neutron and MIMP-proton cross-sections for dark matter particles with masses close to the Planck scale., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2023
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5. Detector signal characterization with a Bayesian network in XENONnT

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We developed a detector signal characterization model based on a Bayesian network trained on the waveform attributes generated by a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber. By performing inference on the model, we produced a quantitative metric of signal characterization and demonstrate that this metric can be used to determine whether a detector signal is sourced from a scintillation or an ionization process. We describe the method and its performance on electronic-recoil (ER) data taken during the first science run of the XENONnT dark matter experiment. We demonstrate the first use of a Bayesian network in a waveform-based analysis of detector signals. This method resulted in a 3% increase in ER event-selection efficiency with a simultaneously effective rejection of events outside of the region of interest. The findings of this analysis are consistent with the previous analysis from XENONnT, namely a background-only fit of the ER data., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2023
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6. First Dark Matter Search with Nuclear Recoils from the XENONnT Experiment

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on the first search for nuclear recoils from dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with the XENONnT experiment which is based on a two-phase time projection chamber with a sensitive liquid xenon mass of $5.9$ t. During the approximately 1.1 tonne-year exposure used for this search, the intrinsic $^{85}$Kr and $^{222}$Rn concentrations in the liquid target were reduced to unprecedentedly low levels, giving an electronic recoil background rate of $(15.8\pm1.3)~\mathrm{events}/(\mathrm{t\cdot y \cdot keV})$ in the region of interest. A blind analysis of nuclear recoil events with energies between $3.3$ keV and $60.5$ keV finds no significant excess. This leads to a minimum upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of $2.58\times 10^{-47}~\mathrm{cm}^2$ for a WIMP mass of $28~\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$ at $90\%$ confidence level. Limits for spin-dependent interactions are also provided. Both the limit and the sensitivity for the full range of WIMP masses analyzed here improve on previous results obtained with the XENON1T experiment for the same exposure., Comment: Limit points are included in the submission file
Published: 2023
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7. The XENONnT dark matter experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Ahmed Maouloud, S., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Antón Martin, D., Arneodo, F., Balata, M., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cassese, F., Chiarini, A., Cichon, D., Cimental Chavez, A. P., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Corrieri, R., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Dadoun, O., D’Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., De Fazio, B., Gangi, P. Di, Diglio, S., Disdier, J. M., Douillet, D., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Form, S., Front, D., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Gardner, R., Garroum, N., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guerzoni, M., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Huhmann, C., Iacovacci, M., Iaquaniello, G., Iven, L., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Martella, P., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Mele, E., Messina, M., Michinelli, R., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Nisi, S., Oberlack, U., Orlandi, D., Othegraven, R., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Parlati, S., Paschos, P., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rynge, M., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Schulze Eißing, H., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Stephen, J., Stern, M., Stillwell, B. K., Takeda, A., Tan, P.-L., Tatananni, D., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Westermann, J., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Published: 2024
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8. The Triggerless Data Acquisition System of the XENONnT Experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rocchetti, A., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The XENONnT detector uses the latest and largest liquid xenon-based time projection chamber (TPC) operated by the XENON Collaboration, aimed at detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles and conducting other rare event searches. The XENONnT data acquisition (DAQ) system constitutes an upgraded and expanded version of the XENON1T DAQ system. For its operation, it relies predominantly on commercially available hardware accompanied by open-source and custom-developed software. The three constituent subsystems of the XENONnT detector, the TPC (main detector), muon veto, and the newly introduced neutron veto, are integrated into a single DAQ, and can be operated both independently and as a unified system. In total, the DAQ digitizes the signals of 698 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), of which 253 from the top PMT array of the TPC are digitized twice, at $\times10$ and $\times0.5$ gain. The DAQ for the most part is a triggerless system, reading out and storing every signal that exceeds the digitization thresholds. Custom-developed software is used to process the acquired data, making it available within $\mathcal{O}\left(10\text{ s}\right)$ for live data quality monitoring and online analyses. The entire system with all the three subsystems was successfully commissioned and has been operating continuously, comfortably withstanding readout rates that exceed $\sim500$ MB/s during calibration. Livetime during normal operation exceeds $99\%$ and is $\sim90\%$ during most high-rate calibrations. The combined DAQ system has collected more than 2 PB of both calibration and science data during the commissioning of XENONnT and the first science run.
Published: 2022
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9. Low-energy Calibration of XENON1T with an Internal $^{37}$Ar Source

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., Geppert, C., and Riemer, J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal $^{37}$Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keV are measured to be (32.3$\pm$0.3) photons/keV and (40.6$\pm$0.5) electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keV is also measured and it is (68.0$^{+6.3}_{-3.7}$) electrons/keV. The $^{37}$Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at (2.83$\pm$0.02) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that $^{37}$Ar can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.
Published: 2022
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10. Effective Field Theory and Inelastic Dark Matter Results from XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: In this work, we expand on the XENON1T nuclear recoil searches to study the individual signals of dark matter interactions from operators up to dimension-eight in a Chiral Effective Field Theory (ChEFT) and a model of inelastic dark matter (iDM). We analyze data from two science runs of the XENON1T detector totaling 1\,tonne$\times$year exposure. For these analyses, we extended the region of interest from [4.9, 40.9]$\,$keV$_{\text{NR}}$ to [4.9, 54.4]$\,$keV$_{\text{NR}}$ to enhance our sensitivity for signals that peak at nonzero energies. We show that the data is consistent with the background-only hypothesis, with a small background over-fluctuation observed peaking between 20 and 50$\,$keV$_{\text{NR}}$, resulting in a maximum local discovery significance of 1.7\,$\sigma$ for the Vector$\otimes$Vector$_{\text{strange}}$ ($VV_s$) ChEFT channel for a dark matter particle of 70$\,$GeV/c$^2$, and $1.8\,\sigma$ for an iDM particle of 50$\,$GeV/c$^2$ with a mass splitting of 100$\,$keV/c$^2$. For each model, we report 90\,\% confidence level (CL) upper limits. We also report upper limits on three benchmark models of dark matter interaction using ChEFT where we investigate the effect of isospin-breaking interactions. We observe rate-driven cancellations in regions of the isospin-breaking couplings, leading to up to 6 orders of magnitude weaker upper limits with respect to the isospin-conserving case.
Published: 2022

11. An approximate likelihood for nuclear recoil searches with XENON1T data

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The XENON collaboration has published stringent limits on specific dark matter -nucleon recoil spectra from dark matter recoiling on the liquid xenon detector target. In this paper, we present an approximate likelihood for the XENON1T 1 tonne-year nuclear recoil search applicable to any nuclear recoil spectrum. Alongside this paper, we publish data and code to compute upper limits using the method we present. The approximate likelihood is constructed in bins of reconstructed energy, profiled along the signal expectation in each bin. This approach can be used to compute an approximate likelihood and therefore most statistical results for any nuclear recoil spectrum. Computing approximate results with this method is approximately three orders of magnitude faster than the likelihood used in the original publications of XENON1T, where limits were set for specific families of recoil spectra. Using this same method, we include toy Monte Carlo simulation-derived binwise likelihoods for the upcoming XENONnT experiment that can similarly be used to assess the sensitivity to arbitrary nuclear recoil signatures in its eventual 20 tonne-year exposure., Comment: Accepted by European Physical Journal C
Published: 2022
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12. Search for New Physics in Electronic Recoil Data from XENONnT

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Gardner, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Paschos, P., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Stephen, J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on a blinded analysis of low-energy electronic-recoil data from the first science run of the XENONnT dark matter experiment. Novel subsystems and the increased 5.9 tonne liquid xenon target reduced the background in the (1, 30) keV search region to $(15.8 \pm 1.3)$ events/(tonne$\times$year$\times$keV), the lowest ever achieved in a dark matter detector and $\sim$5 times lower than in XENON1T. With an exposure of 1.16 tonne-years, we observe no excess above background and set stringent new limits on solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, and bosonic dark matter., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. Data points are available in https://zenodo.org/record/7311940
Published: 2022
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13. Double-Weak Decays of $^{124}$Xe and $^{136}$Xe in the XENON1T and XENONnT Experiments

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present results on the search for double-electron capture ($2\nu\text{ECEC}$) of $^{124}$Xe and neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{136}$Xe in XENON1T. We consider captures from the K- up to the N-shell in the $2\nu\text{ECEC}$ signal model and measure a total half-life of $T_{1/2}^{2\nu\text{ECEC}}=(1.1\pm0.2_\text{stat}\pm0.1_\text{sys})\times 10^{22}\;\text{yr}$ with a $0.87\;\text{kg}\times\text{yr}$ isotope exposure. The statistical significance of the signal is $7.0\,\sigma$. We use XENON1T data with $36.16\;\text{kg}\times\text{yr}$ of $^{136}$Xe exposure to search for $0\nu\beta\beta$. We find no evidence of a signal and set a lower limit on the half-life of $T_{1/2}^{0\nu\beta\beta} > 1.2 \times 10^{24}\;\text{yr}\; \text{at}\; 90\,\%\;\text{CL}$. This is the best result from a dark matter detector without an enriched target to date. We also report projections on the sensitivity of XENONnT to $0\nu\beta\beta$. Assuming a $275\;\text{kg}\times\text{yr}$ $^{136}$Xe exposure, the expected sensitivity is $T_{1/2}^{0\nu\beta\beta} > 2.1 \times 10^{25}\;\text{yr}\; \text{at}\; 90\,\%\;\text{CL}$, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass range of $\langle m_{\beta\beta} \rangle < (0.19 - 0.59)\;\text{eV/c}^2$., Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, 9 tables, version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C
Published: 2022
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14. A Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics

Author: Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Aerne, V., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Akimov, D. Yu., Akshat, J., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Alsum, S. K., Althueser, L., Amarasinghe, C. S., Amaro, F. D., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arneodo, F., Arthurs, M., Asadi, P., Baek, S., Bai, X., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Balzer, M., Bandyopadhyay, A., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Baur, D., Baxter, A., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Behrens, J., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Beltrame, P., Benabderrahmane, M., Bernard, E. P., Bertone, G. F., Bhattacharjee, P., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Binau, A. R., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishara, F., Bismark, A., Blanco, C., Blockinger, G. M., Bodnia, E., Boehm, C., Bolozdynya, A. I., Bolton, P. D., Bottaro, S., Bourgeois, C., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brew, C. A. J., Brod, J., Brookes, E., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Burdin, S., Buse, S., Busenitz, J. K., Buttazzo, D., Buuck, M., Buzulutskov, A., Cabrita, R., Cai, C., Cai, D., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Catena, R., Chakraborty, S., Chan, C., Chang, S., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Chepel, V., Chott, N. I., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. Cimental, Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Co, R. T., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Costa, M., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Creaner, O., Garcia, J. J. Cuenca, Cussonneau, J. P., Cutter, J. E., Dahl, C. E., D'Andrea, V., David, A., Decowski, M. P., Dent, J. B., Deppisch, F. F., de Viveiros, L., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Pede, S., Dierle, J., Diglio, S., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Douillet, D., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunsky, D., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Emken, T., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fairbairn, M., Fan, A., Fan, J. J., Farrell, S. J., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A., Ferrari, C., Fieguth, A., Fiorucci, S., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flierman, M., Florek, T., Foot, R., Fox, P. J., Franceschini, R., Fraser, E. D., Frenk, C. S., Frohlich, S., Fruth, T., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garcia, I. Garcia, Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Gibson, E., Gil, W., Giovagnoli, D., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., de Gouvêa, A., Gráf, L., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Grinstein, B., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Grössle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gumbsheimer, R., Gwilliam, C. B., Hall, C. R., Hall, L. J., Hammann, R., Han, K., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Harata, R., Hardin, S. P., Hardy, E., Hardy, C. A., Harigaya, K., Harnik, R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hochrein, S., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Hood, N., Hooper, D., Horn, M., Howlett, J., Huang, D. Q., Huang, Y., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Iaquaniello, G., Ide, R., Ignarra, C. M., Iloglu, G., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jahangir, O., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Jansen, A., Ji, W., Ji, X., Joerg, F., Johnson, J., Joy, A., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Kanezaki, K., Kar, K., Kara, M., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keaveney, A. W., Kellerer, J., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khundzakishvili, G., Khurana, I., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Ko, P., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koltmann, G., Kopec, A., Kopmann, A., Kopp, J., Korley, L., Kornoukhov, V. N., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Krauss, L. M., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kumar, J., Paredes, B. López, LaCascio, L., Laine, Q., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Leason, E. A., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Levy, C., Li, I., Li, S. C., Li, T., Liang, S., Liebenthal, C. S., Lin, J., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, X., Liu, K., Liu, J., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, M. I., Asamar, E. Lopez, Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Machado, P. A. N., Macolino, C., Maeda, T., Mahlstedt, J., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., March-Russell, J., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Martin, R., Martinez-Soler, I., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Mastronardi, M., Matias-Lopes, J. A., McCarthy, M. E., McFadden, N., McGinness, E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McMichael, K., Meinhardt, P., Menéndez, J., Meng, Y., Messina, M., Midha, R., Milisavljevic, D., Miller, E. H., Milosevic, B., Milutinovic, S., Mitra, S. A., Miuchi, K., Mizrachi, E., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Monte, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Moore, J. S., Morå, K., Morad, J. A., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Mueller, J., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naim, D., Nakamura, S., Nash, E., Navaieelavasani, N., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Niro, V., Oberlack, U. G., Obradovic, M., Odgers, K., O'Hare, C. A. J., Oikonomou, P., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K., Oranday, A., Orpwood, J., Ostrovskiy, I., Ozaki, K., Paetsch, B., Pal, S., Palacio, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Panci, P., Pandurovic, M., Parlati, A., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Pěč, V., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perez-Gonzalez, Y., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Petrossian-Byrne, R., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pieramico, G., Pierre, M., Piotter, M., Pizella, V., Plante, G., Pollmann, T., Porzio, D., Qi, J., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Raj, N., Silva, M. Rajado, Ramanathan, K., García, D. Ramírez, Ravanis, J., Redard-Jacot, L., Redigolo, D., Reichard, S., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rocchetti, A., Rosenfeld, S. L., Rosero, R., Rupp, N., Rushton, T., Saha, S., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scheibelhut, M., Schnee, R. W., Schrank, M., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulte, D., Eissing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Schwemberger, T., Schwenk, A., Schwetz, T., Lavina, L. Scotto, Scovell, P. R., Sekiya, H., Selvi, M., Semenov, E., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shaw, S., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Shutt, T. A., Si-Ahmed, R., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Silva, M. C., Simgen, H., Šimkovic, F., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Skulski, W., Smirnov, J., Smith, R., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Sparmann, T. J., Stancu, I., Steidl, M., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Strigari, L. E., Subotic, D., Suerfu, B., Suliga, A. M., Sumner, T. J., Szabo, P., Szydagis, M., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Tan, P. -L., Taricco, C., Taylor, W. C., Temples, D. J., Terliuk, A., Terman, P. A., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Thümmler, Th., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., To, W. H., Toennies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G. C., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tsai, Y. D., Tunnell, C. D., Turner, W. G., Ueno, R., Urquijo, P., Utku, U., Vaitkus, A., Valerius, K., Vassilev, E., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., Vincent, A. C., Vittorio, L., Volta, G., von Krosigk, B., von Piechowski, M., Vorkapic, D., Wagner, C. E. M., Wang, A. M., Wang, B., Wang, Y., Wang, W., Wang, J. J., Wang, L. -T., Wang, M., Watson, J. R., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weisman, E., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., West, S. M., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wilson, M. J., Winkler, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolf, T., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., Wu, P., Wüstling, S., Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xing, Y., Xu, J., Xu, Z., Xu, D., Yamashita, M., Yamazaki, R., Yan, H., Yang, L., Yang, Y., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Young, I., Yu, H. B., Yu, T. T., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., Zhou, N., Zhou, X., Zhu, T., Zhu, Y., Zhuang, Y., Zopounidis, J. P., Zuber, K., and Zupan, J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector., Comment: 77 pages, 40 figures, 1262 references
Published: 2022
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15. Application and modeling of an online distillation method to reduce krypton and argon in XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Bernard, A., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Form, S., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Huhmann, C., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Westermann, J., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A novel online distillation technique was developed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment to reduce intrinsic background components more volatile than xenon, such as krypton or argon, while the detector was operating. The method is based on a continuous purification of the gaseous volume of the detector system using the XENON1T cryogenic distillation column. A krypton-in-xenon concentration of $(360 \pm 60)$ ppq was achieved. It is the lowest concentration measured in the fiducial volume of an operating dark matter detector to date. A model was developed and fit to the data to describe the krypton evolution in the liquid and gas volumes of the detector system for several operation modes over the time span of 550 days, including the commissioning and science runs of XENON1T. The online distillation was also successfully applied to remove Ar-37 after its injection for a low energy calibration in XENON1T. This makes the usage of Ar-37 as a regular calibration source possible in the future. The online distillation can be applied to next-generation experiments to remove krypton prior to, or during, any science run. The model developed here allows further optimization of the distillation strategy for future large scale detectors.
Published: 2021
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16. Emission of Single and Few Electrons in XENON1T and Limits on Light Dark Matter

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Bernard, A., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shenyang, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Delayed single- and few-electron emissions plague dual-phase time projection chambers, limiting their potential to search for light-mass dark matter. This paper examines the origins of these events in the XENON1T experiment. Characterization of the intensity of delayed electron backgrounds shows that the resulting emissions are correlated, in time and position, with high-energy events and can effectively be vetoed. In this work we extend previous S2-only analyses down to a single electron. From this analysis, after removing the correlated backgrounds, we observe rates < 30 events/(electron*kg*day) in the region of interest spanning 1 to 5 electrons. We derive 90% confidence upper limits for dark matter-electron scattering, first direct limits on the electric dipole, magnetic dipole, and anapole interactions, and bosonic dark matter models, where we exclude new parameter space for dark photons and solar dark photons., Comment: 20 pages, 17 figures, Updated to correct published Solar Dark Photon limit
Published: 2021
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17. Material radiopurity control in the XENONnT experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Westermann, J., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Laubenstein, M., and Nisi, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of the utmost importance for rare-event searches and thus critical to the XENONnT experiment. Results of an extensive radioassay program are reported, in which material samples have been screened with gamma-ray spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and $^{222}$Rn emanation measurements. Furthermore, the cleanliness procedures applied to remove or mitigate surface contamination of detector materials are described. Screening results, used as inputs for a XENONnT Monte Carlo simulation, predict a reduction of materials background ($\sim$17%) with respect to its predecessor XENON1T. Through radon emanation measurements, the expected $^{222}$Rn activity concentration in XENONnT is determined to be 4.2$\,(^{+0.5}_{-0.7})\,\mu$Bq/kg, a factor three lower with respect to XENON1T. This radon concentration will be further suppressed by means of the novel radon distillation system.
Published: 2021
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18. Search for Coherent Elastic Scattering of Solar $^8$B Neutrinos in the XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Andaloro, S., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Grandi, L., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pierre, M., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Valerius, K., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on a search for nuclear recoil signals from solar $^8$B neutrinos elastically scattering off xenon nuclei in XENON1T data, lowering the energy threshold from 2.6 keV to 1.6 keV. We develop a variety of novel techniques to limit the resulting increase in backgrounds near the threshold. No significant $^8$B neutrino-like excess is found in an exposure of 0.6 t $\times$ y. For the first time, we use the non-detection of solar neutrinos to constrain the light yield from 1-2 keV nuclear recoils in liquid xenon, as well as non-standard neutrino-quark interactions. Finally, we improve upon world-leading constraints on dark matter-nucleus interactions for dark matter masses between 3 GeV/c$^2$ and 11 GeV/c$^2$ by as much as an order of magnitude.
Published: 2020
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19. Search for inelastic scattering of WIMP dark matter in XENON1T

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Andaloro, S., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Grandi, L., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Liang, S., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Valerius, K., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report the results of a search for the inelastic scattering of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Scattering off $^{129}$Xe is the most sensitive probe of inelastic WIMP interactions, with a signature of a 39.6 keV de-excitation photon detected simultaneously with the nuclear recoil. Using an exposure of 0.89 tonne-years, we find no evidence of inelastic WIMP scattering with a significance of more than 2$\sigma$. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis is used to set upper limits on the cross-section of WIMP-nucleus interactions. We exclude new parameter space for WIMPs heavier than 100 GeV/c${}^2$, with the strongest upper limit of $3.3 \times 10^{-39}$ cm${}^2$ for 130 GeV/c${}^2$ WIMPs at 90\% confidence level., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2020
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20. $^{222}$Rn emanation measurements for the XENON1T experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Grandi, L., Garbini, M., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qin, J., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Westermann, J., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of utmost importance for the success of low-energy rare event search experiments. Besides radioactive contaminants in the bulk, the emanation of radioactive radon atoms from material surfaces attains increasing relevance in the effort to further reduce the background of such experiments. In this work, we present the $^{222}$Rn emanation measurements performed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Together with the bulk impurity screening campaign, the results enabled us to select the radio-purest construction materials, targeting a $^{222}$Rn activity concentration of 10 $\mu$Bq/kg in 3.2 t of xenon. The knowledge of the distribution of the $^{222}$Rn sources allowed us to selectively eliminate critical components in the course of the experiment. The predictions from the emanation measurements were compared to data of the $^{222}$Rn activity concentration in XENON1T. The final $^{222}$Rn activity concentration of (4.5 $\pm$ 0.1) $\mu$Bq/kg in the target of XENON1T is the lowest ever achieved in a xenon dark matter experiment., Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2020
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21. Projected WIMP Sensitivity of the XENONnT Dark Matter Experiment

Author: The XENON collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Grandi, L., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qin, J., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Valerius, K., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: XENONnT is a dark matter direct detection experiment, utilizing 5.9 t of instrumented liquid xenon, located at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. In this work, we predict the experimental background and project the sensitivity of XENONnT to the detection of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The expected average differential background rate in the energy region of interest, corresponding to (1, 13) keV and (4, 50) keV for electronic and nuclear recoils, amounts to $12.3 \pm 0.6$ (keV t y)$^{-1}$ and $(2.2\pm 0.5)\times 10^{-3}$ (keV t y)$^{-1}$, respectively, in a 4 t fiducial mass. We compute unified confidence intervals using the profile construction method, in order to ensure proper coverage. With the exposure goal of 20 t$\,$y, the expected sensitivity to spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions reaches a cross-section of $1.4\times10^{-48}$ cm$^2$ for a 50 GeV/c$^2$ mass WIMP at 90% confidence level, more than one order of magnitude beyond the current best limit, set by XENON1T. In addition, we show that for a 50 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP with cross-sections above $2.6\times10^{-48}$ cm$^2$ ($5.0\times10^{-48}$ cm$^2$) the median XENONnT discovery significance exceeds 3$\sigma$ (5$\sigma$). The expected sensitivity to the spin-dependent WIMP coupling to neutrons (protons) reaches $2.2\times10^{-43}$ cm$^2$ ($6.0\times10^{-42}$ cm$^2$).
Published: 2020
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22. Excess Electronic Recoil Events in XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Grandi, L., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qin, J., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., and Mougeot, X.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We report results from searches for new physics with low-energy electronic recoil data recorded with the XENON1T detector. With an exposure of 0.65 t-y and an unprecedentedly low background rate of $76\pm2$ events/(t y keV) between 1 and 30 keV, the data enables sensitive searches for solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, and bosonic dark matter. An excess over known backgrounds is observed at low energies and most prominent between 2 and 3 keV. The solar axion model has a 3.4$\sigma$ significance, and a 3D 90% confidence surface is reported for axion couplings to electrons, photons, and nucleons. This surface is inscribed in the cuboid defined by $g_{ae}<3.8 \times 10^{-12}$, $g_{ae}g_{an}^{eff}<4.8\times 10^{-18}$, and $g_{ae}g_{a\gamma}<7.7\times10^{-22} GeV^{-1}$, and excludes either $g_{ae}=0$ or $g_{ae}g_{a\gamma}=g_{ae}g_{an}^{eff}=0$. The neutrino magnetic moment signal is similarly favored over background at 3.2$\sigma$ and a confidence interval of $\mu_{\nu} \in (1.4,2.9)\times10^{-11}\mu_B$ (90% C.L.) is reported. Both results are in strong tension with stellar constraints. The excess can also be explained by $\beta$ decays of tritium at 3.2$\sigma$ with a trace amount that can neither be confirmed nor excluded with current knowledge of its production and reduction mechanisms. The significances of the solar axion and neutrino magnetic moment hypotheses are reduced to 2.0$\sigma$ and 0.9$\sigma$, respectively, if an unconstrained tritium component is included in the fitting. With respect to bosonic dark matter, the excess favors a monoenergetic peak at ($2.3\pm0.2$) keV (68% C.L.) with a 3.0$\sigma$ global (4.0$\sigma$ local) significance. We also consider the possibility that $^{37}$Ar may be present in the detector and yield a 2.82 keV peak. Contrary to tritium, the $^{37}$Ar concentration can be tightly constrained and is found to be negligible., Comment: 26 pages, 15 figures. v2 added Ar37 background discussion and best-fit mass of bosonic dark matter, v3 updated Ar37 discussion, tritium estimation, and solar axion energy spectrum. Data in Fig. 2, 4, and 15, including unbinned energy points in Fig. 4, are available in 10.5281/zenodo.4088778
Published: 2020
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23. Energy resolution and linearity of XENON1T in the MeV energy range

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Di Stefano, A. Depoian P. Di Gangi A. Di Giovanni R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Qin, G. Plante J., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Xu, M. Weiss, Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Xenon dual-phase time projection chambers designed to search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles have so far shown a relative energy resolution which degrades with energy above $\sim$200 keV due to the saturation effects. This has limited their sensitivity in the search for rare events like the neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe at its $Q$-value, $Q_{\beta\beta}\simeq$ 2.46 MeV. For the XENON1T dual-phase time projection chamber, we demonstrate that the relative energy resolution at 1 $\sigma/\mu$ is as low as (0.80$\pm$0.02) % in its one-ton fiducial mass, and for single-site interactions at $Q_{\beta\beta}$. We also present a new signal correction method to rectify the saturation effects of the signal readout system, resulting in more accurate position reconstruction and indirectly improving the energy resolution. The very good result achieved in XENON1T opens up new windows for the xenon dual-phase dark matter detectors to simultaneously search for other rare events., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2020
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24. Search for Light Dark Matter Interactions Enhanced by the Migdal effect or Bremsstrahlung in XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Qin, J., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Direct dark matter detection experiments based on a liquid xenon target are leading the search for dark matter particles with masses above $\sim$ 5 GeV/c$^2$, but have limited sensitivity to lighter masses because of the small momentum transfer in dark matter-nucleus elastic scattering. However, there is an irreducible contribution from inelastic processes accompanying the elastic scattering, which leads to the excitation and ionization of the recoiling atom (the Migdal effect) or the emission of a Bremsstrahlung photon. In this letter, we report on a probe of low-mass dark matter with masses down to about 85 MeV/c$^2$ by looking for electronic recoils induced by the Migdal effect and Bremsstrahlung, using data from the XENON1T experiment. Besides the approach of detecting both scintillation and ionization signals, we exploit an approach that uses ionization signals only, which allows for a lower detection threshold. This analysis significantly enhances the sensitivity of XENON1T to light dark matter previously beyond its reach.
Published: 2019
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25. Light Dark Matter Search with Ionization Signals in XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Qin, J., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report constraints on light dark matter (DM) models using ionization signals in the XENON1T experiment. We mitigate backgrounds with strong event selections, rather than requiring a scintillation signal, leaving an effective exposure of $(22 \pm 3)$ tonne-days. Above $\sim\!0.4\,\mathrm{keV}_\mathrm{ee}$, we observe $<1 \, \text{event}/(\text{tonne} \times \text{day} \times \text{keV}_\text{ee})$, which is more than one thousand times lower than in similar searches with other detectors. Despite observing a higher rate at lower energies, no DM or CEvNS detection may be claimed because we cannot model all of our backgrounds. We thus exclude new regions in the parameter spaces for DM-nucleus scattering for DM masses $m_\chi$ within $3-6\,\mathrm{GeV}/\mathrm{c}^2$, DM-electron scattering for $m_\chi > 30\,\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{c}^2$, and absorption of dark photons and axion-like particles for $m_\chi$ within $0.186 - 1 \, \mathrm{keV}/\mathrm{c}^2$.
Published: 2019
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26. XENON1T Dark Matter Data Analysis: Signal Reconstruction, Calibration and Event Selection

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N. N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The XENON1T experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso is the most sensitive direct detection experiment for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting particles (WIMPs) with masses above $6\,$GeV/$c^2$ scattering off nuclei. The detector employs a dual-phase time projection chamber with 2.0 metric tons of liquid xenon in the target. A one metric $\mathrm{ton}\times\mathrm{year}$ exposure of science data was collected between October 2016 and February 2018. This article reports on the performance of the detector during this period and describes details of the data analysis that led to the most stringent exclusion limits on various WIMP-nucleon interaction models to date. In particular, signal reconstruction, event selection and calibration of the detector response to nuclear and electronic recoils in XENON1T are discussed.
Published: 2019
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27. The XENON1T Data Acquisition System

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Pieracci, M., and Tintori, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The XENON1T liquid xenon time projection chamber is the most sensitive detector built to date for the measurement of direct interactions of weakly interacting massive particles with normal matter. The data acquisition system (DAQ) is constructed from commercial, open source, and custom components to digitize signals from the detector and store them for later analysis. The system achieves an extremely low signal threshold below a tenth of a photoelectron using a parallelized readout with the global trigger deferred to a later, software stage. The event identification is based on MongoDB database queries and has over 97% efficiency at recognizing interactions at the analysis energy threshold. A readout bandwidth over 300 MB/s is reached in calibration modes and is further expandable via parallelization. This DAQ system was successfully used during three years of operation of XENON1T., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, submitted to JINST; Version 2 with minor updates to text
Published: 2019
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28. First observation of two-neutrino double electron capture in $^{124}$Xe with XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kaminsky, B., Kish, A., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Priel, N., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Xu, Z., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Two-neutrino double electron capture ($2\nu$ECEC) is a second-order Weak process with predicted half-lives that surpass the age of the Universe by many orders of magnitude. Until now, indications for $2\nu$ECEC decays have only been seen for two isotopes, $^{78}$Kr and $^{130}$Ba, and instruments with very low background levels are needed to detect them directly with high statistical significance. The $2\nu$ECEC half-life provides an important input for nuclear structure models and its measurement represents a first step in the search for the neutrinoless double electron capture processes ($0\nu$ECEC). A detection of the latter would have implications for the nature of the neutrino and give access to the absolute neutrino mass. Here we report on the first direct observation of $2\nu$ECEC in $^{124}$Xe with the XENON1T Dark Matter detector. The significance of the signal is $4.4\sigma$ and the corresponding half-life $T_{1/2}^{2\nu\text{ECEC}} = (1.8\pm 0.5_\text{stat}\pm 0.1_\text{sys})\times 10^{22}\;\text{y}$ is the longest ever measured directly. This study demonstrates that the low background and large target mass of xenon-based Dark Matter detectors make them well suited to measuring other rare processes as well, and it highlights the broad physics reach for even larger next-generation experiments.
Published: 2019
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29. XENON1T Dark Matter Data Analysis: Signal & Background Models, and Statistical Inference

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Pelssers, B., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The XENON1T experiment searches for dark matter particles through their scattering off xenon atoms in a 2 tonne liquid xenon target. The detector is a dual-phase time projection chamber, which measures simultaneously the scintillation and ionization signals produced by interactions in target volume, to reconstruct energy and position, as well as the type of the interaction. The background rate in the central volume of XENON1T detector is the lowest achieved so far with a liquid xenon-based direct detection experiment. In this work we describe the response model of the detector, the background and signal models, and the statistical inference procedures used in the dark matter searches with a 1 tonne$\times$year exposure of XENON1T data, that leaded to the best limit to date on WIMP-nucleon spin-independent elastic scatter cross-section for WIMP masses above 6 GeV/c$^2$.
Published: 2019
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30. Constraining the Spin-Dependent WIMP-Nucleon Cross Sections with XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Pelssers, B., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Priel, N., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Xu, Z., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We report the first experimental results on spin-dependent elastic weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) nucleon scattering from the XENON1T dark matter search experiment. The analysis uses the full ton year exposure of XENON1T to constrain the spin-dependent proton-only and neutron-only cases. No significant signal excess is observed, and a profile likelihood ratio analysis is used to set exclusion limits on the WIMP-nucleon interactions. This includes the most stringent constraint to date on the WIMP-neutron cross section, with a minimum of $6.3\times10^{-42}$ cm$^2$ at 30 GeV/c${}^2$ and 90% confidence level. The results are compared with those from collider searches and used to exclude new parameter space in an isoscalar theory with an axial-vector mediator.
Published: 2019
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31. Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal 37Ar source

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Ahmed Maouloud, S., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Antón Martin, D., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D’Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gallo Rosso, A., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ramírez García, D., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Schulze Eißing, H., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P.-L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., Geppert, C., and Riemer, J.
Published: 2023
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32. First results on the scalar WIMP-pion coupling, using the XENON1T experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kaminsky, B., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Pelssers, B., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Priel, N., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Hoferichter, M., Klos, P., Menéndez, J., and Schwenk, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We present first results on the scalar WIMP-pion coupling from 1 t$\times$yr of exposure with the XENON1T experiment. This interaction is generated when the WIMP couples to a virtual pion exchanged between the nucleons in a nucleus. In contrast to most non-relativistic operators, these pion-exchange currents can be coherently enhanced by the total number of nucleons, and therefore may dominate in scenarios where spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions are suppressed. Moreover, for natural values of the couplings, they dominate over the spin-dependent channel due to their coherence in the nucleus. Using the signal model of this new WIMP-pion channel, no significant excess is found, leading to an upper limit cross section of $6.4\times10^{-46}$ cm$^2$ (90 % confidence level) at 30 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass.
Published: 2018
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33. Dark Matter Search Results from a One Tonne$\times$Year Exposure of XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Qiu, H., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kaminsky, B., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Koltman, G., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Pelssers, B., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Priel, N., García, D. Ramírez, Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) using 278.8 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment at LNGS. XENON1T utilizes a liquid xenon time projection chamber with a fiducial mass of $(1.30 \pm 0.01)$ t, resulting in a 1.0 t$\times$yr exposure. The energy region of interest, [1.4, 10.6] $\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$ ([4.9, 40.9] $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$), exhibits an ultra-low electron recoil background rate of $(82\substack{+5 \\ -3}\textrm{ (sys)}\pm3\textrm{ (stat)})$ events/$(\mathrm{t}\times\mathrm{yr}\times\mathrm{keV_{ee}})$. No significant excess over background is found and a profile likelihood analysis parameterized in spatial and energy dimensions excludes new parameter space for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent elastic scatter cross-section for WIMP masses above 6 GeV/c${}^2$, with a minimum of $4.1\times10^{-47}$ cm$^2$ at 30 GeV/c${}^2$ and 90% confidence level., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, v2 limit points as csv
Published: 2018
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34. Signal Yields of keV Electronic Recoils and Their Discrimination from Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Calvén, J., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Itay, R., Kaminsky, B., Kazama, S., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Manfredini, A., Maris, I., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Piro, M. -C., Plante, G., Priel, N., García, D. Ramírez, Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rupp, N., Saldanha, R., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Sivers, M. v., Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vargas, M., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., and Zhang, Y.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on the response of liquid xenon to low energy electronic recoils below 15 keV from beta decays of tritium at drift fields of 92 V/cm, 154 V/cm and 366 V/cm using the XENON100 detector. A data-to-simulation fitting method based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo is used to extract the photon yields and recombination fluctuations from the experimental data. The photon yields measured at the two lower fields are in agreement with those from literature; additional measurements at a higher field of 366 V/cm are presented. The electronic and nuclear recoil discrimination as well as its dependence on the drift field and photon detection efficiency are investigated at these low energies. The results provide new measurements in the energy region of interest for dark matter searches using liquid xenon.
Published: 2017
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35. The XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Antunes, B., Arneodo, F., Balata, M., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Calvén, J., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Chiarini, A., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Corrieri, R., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Disdier, J. -M., Doets, M., Duchovni, E., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Florin, D., Front, D., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Giboni, K. -L., Goetzke, L. W., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Huhmann, C., Itay, R., James, A., Kaminsky, B., Kazama, S., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Maier, R., Manfredini, A., Maris, I., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orlandi, D., Othegraven, R., Pakarha, P., Parlati, S., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Piro, M. -C., Plante, G., Priel, N., García, D. Ramírez, Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Saldahna, R., Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Sivers, M. v., Stern, M., Stein, A., Tatananni, D., Tatananni, L., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Wack, O., Walet, R., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., and Zhang, Y.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The XENON1T experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) is the first WIMP dark matter detector operating with a liquid xenon target mass above the ton-scale. Out of its 3.2t liquid xenon inventory, 2.0t constitute the active target of the dual-phase time projection chamber. The scintillation and ionization signals from particle interactions are detected with low-background photomultipliers. This article describes the XENON1T instrument and its subsystems as well as strategies to achieve an unprecedented low background level. First results on the detector response and the performance of the subsystems are also presented., Comment: 22 pages, 25 figures
Published: 2017
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36. First Dark Matter Search Results from the XENON1T Experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Calvén, J., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Gardner, R., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Itay, R., Kaminsky, B., Kazama, S., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Manfredini, A., Mariş, I., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Piro, M. -C., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., Saldanha, R., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Sivers, M. v., Stein, A., Thapa, S., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vargas, M., Upole, N., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We report the first dark matter search results from XENON1T, a $\sim$2000-kg-target-mass dual-phase (liquid-gas) xenon time projection chamber in operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy and the first ton-scale detector of this kind. The blinded search used 34.2 live days of data acquired between November 2016 and January 2017. Inside the (1042$\pm$12) kg fiducial mass and in the [5, 40] $\mathrm{keV}_{\mathrm{nr}}$ energy range of interest for WIMP dark matter searches, the electronic recoil background was $(1.93 \pm 0.25) \times 10^{-4}$ events/(kg $\times$ day $\times \mathrm{keV}_{\mathrm{ee}}$), the lowest ever achieved in a dark matter detector. A profile likelihood analysis shows that the data is consistent with the background-only hypothesis. We derive the most stringent exclusion limits on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interaction cross section for WIMP masses above 10 GeV/c${}^2$, with a minimum of 7.7 $\times 10^{-47}$ cm${}^2$ for 35-GeV/c${}^2$ WIMPs at 90% confidence level., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, v2 data upload Fig 2/4, v3 as accepted by PRL with textual clarifications, v4 data upload Fig 1
Published: 2017
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37. Material radioassay and selection for the XENON1T dark matter experiment

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Calven, J., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Franco, D., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Itay, R., Kaminsky, B., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Calloch, M. Le, Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Manfredini, A., Maris, I., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piro, M. -C., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., Saldanha, R., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Sivers, M. v., Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Upole, N., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Laubenstein, M., and Nisi, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The XENON1T dark matter experiment aims to detect Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) through low-energy interactions with xenon atoms. To detect such a rare event necessitates the use of radiopure materials to minimize the number of background events within the expected WIMP signal region. In this paper we report the results of an extensive material radioassay campaign for the XENON1T experiment. Using gamma-ray spectroscopy and mass spectrometry techniques, systematic measurements of trace radioactive impurities in over one hundred samples within a wide range of materials were performed. The measured activities allowed for stringent selection and placement of materials during the detector construction phase and provided the input for XENON1T detection sensitivity estimates through Monte Carlo simulations.
Published: 2017
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38. Online $^{222}$Rn removal by cryogenic distillation in the XENON100 experiment

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Calvén, J., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Duchovni, E., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Franco, D., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Itay, R., Kaminsky, B., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Calloch, M. Le, Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Manfredini, J. A. M. Lopes A., Maris, I., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Meng, Y., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piro, M. -C., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., Saldanha, R., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Sivers, M. v., Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., and Cristescu, I.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We describe the purification of xenon from traces of the radioactive noble gas radon using a cryogenic distillation column. The distillation column is integrated into the gas purification loop of the XENON100 detector for online radon removal. This enabled us to significantly reduce the constant $^{222}$Rn background originating from radon emanation. After inserting an auxiliary $^{222}$Rn emanation source in the gas loop, we determined a radon reduction factor of R > 27 (95% C.L.) for the distillation column by monitoring the $^{222}$Rn activity concentration inside the XENON100 detector.
Published: 2017
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39. Removing krypton from xenon by cryogenic distillation to the ppq level

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Calvén, J., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Duchovni, E., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Franco, D., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Itay, R., Kaminsky, B., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Calloch, M. Le, Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Manfredini, J. A. M. Lopes A., Maris, I., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Meng, Y., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piro, M. -C., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., Saldanha, R., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Sivers, M. v., Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., and Cristescu, I.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The XENON1T experiment aims for the direct detection of dark matter in a cryostat filled with 3.3 tons of liquid xenon. In order to achieve the desired sensitivity, the background induced by radioactive decays inside the detector has to be sufficiently low. One major contributor is the $\beta$-emitter $^{85}$Kr which is an intrinsic contamination of the xenon. For the XENON1T experiment a concentration of natural krypton in xenon $\rm{^{nat}}$Kr/Xe < 200 ppq (parts per quadrillion, 1 ppq = 10$^{-15}$ mol/mol) is required. In this work, the design of a novel cryogenic distillation column using the common McCabe-Thiele approach is described. The system demonstrated a krypton reduction factor of 6.4$\cdot$10$^5$ with thermodynamic stability at process speeds above 3 kg/h. The resulting concentration of $\rm{^{nat}}$Kr/Xe < 26 ppq is the lowest ever achieved, almost one order of magnitude below the requirements for XENON1T and even sufficient for future dark matter experiments using liquid xenon, such as XENONnT and DARWIN.
Published: 2016
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40. Results from a Calibration of XENON100 Using a Source of Dissolved Radon-220

Author: The XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Butikofer, L., Calven, J., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., dePerio, P., DiGangi, P., DiGiovanni, A., Diglio, S., Duchovni, E., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Franco, D., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Itay, R., Kaminsky, B., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., LeCalloch, M., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Manfredini, A., Maris, I., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Meng, Y., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piro, M. -C., lante, G. P, Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., Saldanha, R., dosSantos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Sivers, M. v., Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., and Zhang, Y.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: A Rn-220 source is deployed on the XENON100 dark matter detector in order to address the challenges in calibration of tonne-scale liquid noble element detectors. We show that the Pb-212 beta emission can be used for low-energy electronic recoil calibration in searches for dark matter. The isotope spreads throughout the entire active region of the detector, and its activity naturally decays below background level within a week after the source is closed. We find no increase in the activity of the troublesome Rn-222 background after calibration. Alpha emitters are also distributed throughout the detector and facilitate calibration of its response to Rn-222. Using the delayed coincidence of Rn-220/Po-216, we map for the first time the convective motion of particles in the XENON100 detector. Additionally, we make a competitive measurement of the half-life of Po-212, t = 293.9+-(1.0)+-(0.6) ns.
Published: 2016
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41. Material radiopurity control in the XENONnT experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Ahmed Maouloud, S., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Antón Martin, D., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D’Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Gangi, P. Di, Pede, S. Di, Giovanni, A. Di, Stefano, R. Di, Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ramírez García, D., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulze Eißing, H., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. L., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Westermann, J., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Laubenstein, M., and Nisi, S.
Published: 2022
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42. Testing of Cryogenic Photomultiplier Tubes for the MicroBooNE Experiment

Author: Briese, T., Bugel, L., Conrad, J. M., Fournier, M., Ignarra, C., Jones, B. J. P., Katori, T., Navarrete-Perez, R., Nienaber, P., McDonald, T., Musolf, B., Prakash, A., Shockley, E., Smidt, T., Swanson, K., and Toups, M.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The MicroBooNE detector, to be located on axis in the Booster Neutrino Beamline (BNB) at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), consists of two main components: a large liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC), and a light collection system. Thirty 8-inch diameter Hamamatsu R5912-02mod cryogenic photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) will detect the scintillation light generated in the liquid argon (LAr). This article first describes the MicroBooNE PMT performance test procedures, including how the light collection system functions in the detector, and the design of the PMT base. The design of the cryogenic test stand is then discussed, and finally the results of the cryogenic tests are reported., Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, submitted to JINST
Published: 2013
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43. The triggerless data acquisition system of the XENONnT experiment

Author: Aprile, E., primary, Aalbers, J., additional, Abe, K., additional, Agostini, F., additional, Ahmed Maouloud, S., additional, Althueser, L., additional, Andrieu, B., additional, Angelino, E., additional, Angevaare, J.R., additional, Antochi, V.C., additional, Antón Martin, D., additional, Arneodo, F., additional, Baudis, L., additional, Baxter, A.L., additional, Bellagamba, L., additional, Biondi, R., additional, Bismark, A., additional, Brookes, E.J., additional, Brown, A., additional, Bruenner, S., additional, Bruno, G., additional, Budnik, R., additional, Bui, T.K., additional, Cai, C., additional, Cardoso, J.M.R., additional, Cichon, D., additional, Cimental Chavez, A.P., additional, Coderre, D., additional, Colijn, A.P., additional, Conrad, J., additional, Cuenca-García, J.J., additional, Cussonneau, J.P., additional, D'Andrea, V., additional, Decowski, M.P., additional, Di Gangi, P., additional, Di Pede, S., additional, Diglio, S., additional, Eitel, K., additional, Elykov, A., additional, Farrell, S., additional, Ferella, A.D., additional, Ferrari, C., additional, Fischer, H., additional, Flierman, M., additional, Fulgione, W., additional, Fuselli, C., additional, Gaemers, P., additional, Gaior, R., additional, Gallo Rosso, A., additional, Galloway, M., additional, Gao, F., additional, Glade-Beucke, R., additional, Grandi, L., additional, Grigat, J., additional, Guida, M., additional, Hammann, R., additional, Higuera, A., additional, Hils, C., additional, Hoetzsch, L., additional, Hood, N.F., additional, Howlett, J., additional, Iacovacci, M., additional, Itow, Y., additional, Jakob, J., additional, Joerg, F., additional, Joy, A., additional, Kato, N., additional, Kara, M., additional, Kavrigin, P., additional, Kazama, S., additional, Kobayashi, M., additional, Koltman, G., additional, Kopec, A., additional, Kuger, F., additional, Landsman, H., additional, Lang, R.F., additional, Levinson, L., additional, Li, I., additional, Li, S., additional, Liang, S., additional, Lindemann, S., additional, Lindner, M., additional, Liu, K., additional, Loizeau, J., additional, Lombardi, F., additional, Long, J., additional, Lopes, J.A.M., additional, Ma, Y., additional, Macolino, C., additional, Mahlstedt, J., additional, Mancuso, A., additional, Manenti, L., additional, Marignetti, F., additional, Marrodán Undagoitia, T., additional, Martens, K., additional, Masbou, J., additional, Masson, D., additional, Masson, E., additional, Mastroianni, S., additional, Messina, M., additional, Miuchi, K., additional, Mizukoshi, K., additional, Molinario, A., additional, Moriyama, S., additional, Morå, K., additional, Mosbacher, Y., additional, Murra, M., additional, Müller, J., additional, Ni, K., additional, Oberlack, U., additional, Paetsch, B., additional, Palacio, J., additional, Peres, R., additional, Peters, C., additional, Pienaar, J., additional, Pierre, M., additional, Pizzella, V., additional, Plante, G., additional, Qi, J., additional, Qin, J., additional, Ramírez García, D., additional, Rocchetti, A., additional, Sanchez, L., additional, Sanchez-Lucas, P., additional, dos Santos, J.M.F., additional, Sarnoff, I., additional, Sartorelli, G., additional, Schreiner, J., additional, Schulte, D., additional, Schulte, P., additional, Schulze Eißing, H., additional, Schumann, M., additional, Scotto Lavina, L., additional, Selvi, M., additional, Semeria, F., additional, Shagin, P., additional, Shi, S., additional, Shockley, E., additional, Silva, M., additional, Simgen, H., additional, Takeda, A., additional, Tan, P.-L., additional, Terliuk, A., additional, Thers, D., additional, Toschi, F., additional, Trinchero, G., additional, Tunnell, C., additional, Tönnies, F., additional, Valerius, K., additional, Volta, G., additional, Weinheimer, C., additional, Weiss, M., additional, Wenz, D., additional, Wittweg, C., additional, Wolf, T., additional, Xu, D., additional, Xu, Z., additional, Yamashita, M., additional, Yang, L., additional, Ye, J., additional, Yuan, L., additional, Zavattini, G., additional, Zerbo, S., additional, Zhong, M., additional, and Zhu, T., additional
Published: 2023
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44. Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal $$^{{\textbf {37}}}$$ <math> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mn>37</mn> </msup> </math> Ar source

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Ahmed Maouloud, S., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J., Antochi, V., Antón Martin, D., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J., Cichon, D., Colijn, A., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J., Cussonneau, J., D’Andrea, V., Decowski, M., Gangi, P., Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gallo Rosso, A., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ramírez García, D., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J., Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Schulze Eißing, H., Schumann, M., Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P.L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., Geppert, C., and Riemer, J.
Abstract: A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal $${}^{37}$$ 37 Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keV are measured to be ( $$32.3\,\pm \,0.3$$ 32.3 ± 0.3 ) photons/keV and ( $$40.6\,\pm \,0.5$$ 40.6 ± 0.5 ) electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keV is also measured and it is ( $$68.0^{+6.3}_{-3.7}$$ 68 . 0 - 3.7 + 6.3 ) electrons/keV. The $${}^{37}$$ 37 Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at ( $$2.83\,\pm \,0.02$$ 2.83 ± 0.02 ) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that $${}^{37}$$ 37 Ar can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.
Published: 2023

45. A next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics

Author: Aalbers, J, AbdusSalam, S S, Abe, K, Aerne, V, Agostini, F, Ahmed Maouloud, S, Akerib, D S, Akimov, D Y, Akshat, J, Al Musalhi, A K, Alder, F, Alsum, S K, Althueser, L, Amarasinghe, C S, Amaro, F D, Ames, A, Anderson, T J, Andrieu, B, Angelides, N, Angelino, E, Angevaare, J, Antochi, V C, Antón Martin, D, Antunovic, B, Aprile, E, Araújo, H M, Armstrong, J E, Arneodo, F, Arthurs, M, Asadi, P, Baek, S, Bai, X, Bajpai, D, Baker, A, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Balzer, M, Bandyopadhyay, A, Bang, J, Barberio, E, Bargemann, J W, Baudis, L, Bauer, D, Baur, D, Baxter, A, Baxter, A L, Bazyk, M, Beattie, K, Behrens, J, Bell, N F, Bellagamba, L, Beltrame, P, Benabderrahmane, M, Bernard, E P, Bertone, G F, Bhattacharjee, P, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, T P, Binau, A R, Biondi, R, Biondi, Y, Birch, H J, Bishara, F, Bismark, A, Blanco, C, Blockinger, G M, Bodnia, E, Boehm, C, Bolozdynya, A I, Bolton, P D, Bottaro, S, Bourgeois, C, Boxer, B, Brás, P, Breskin, A, Breur, P A, Brew, C A J, Brod, J, Brookes, E, Brown, A, Brown, E, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Bui, T K, Burdin, S, Buse, S, Busenitz, J K, Buttazzo, D, Buuck, M, Buzulutskov, A, Cabrita, R, Cai, C, Cai, D, Capelli, C, Cardoso, J M R, Carmona-Benitez, M C, Cascella, M, Catena, R, Chakraborty, S, Chan, C, Chang, S, Chauvin, A, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Chepel, V, Chott, N I, Cichon, D, Cimental Chavez, A, Cimmino, B, Clark, M, Co, R T, Colijn, A P, Conrad, J, Converse, M V, Costa, M, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Creaner, O, Cuenca Garcia, J J, Cussonneau, J P, Cutter, J E, Dahl, C E, D’Andrea, V, David, A, Decowski, M P, Dent, J B, Deppisch, F F, de Viveiros, L, Di Gangi, P, Di Giovanni, A, Di Pede, S, Dierle, J, Diglio, S, Dobson, J E Y, Doerenkamp, M, Douillet, D, Drexlin, G, Druszkiewicz, E, Dunsky, D, Eitel, K, Elykov, A, Emken, T, Engel, R, Eriksen, S R, Fairbairn, M, Fan, A, Fan, J J, Farrell, S J, Fayer, S, Fearon, N M, Ferella, A, Ferrari, C, Fieguth, A, Fiorucci, S, Fischer, H, Flaecher, H, Flierman, M, Florek, T, Foot, R, Fox, P J, Franceschini, R, Fraser, E D, Frenk, C S, Frohlich, S, Fruth, T, Fulgione, W, Fuselli, C, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, Gaitskell, R J, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Garcia Garcia, I, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Ghosh, S, Gibson, E, Gil, W, Giovagnoli, D, Girard, F, Glade-Beucke, R, Glück, F, Gokhale, S, de Gouvêa, A, Gráf, L, Grandi, L, Grigat, J, Grinstein, B, van der Grinten, M G D, Grössle, R, Guan, H, Guida, M, Gumbsheimer, R, Gwilliam, C B, Hall, C R, Hall, L J, Hammann, R, Han, K, Hannen, V, Hansmann-Menzemer, S, Harata, R, Hardin, S P, Hardy, E, Hardy, C A, Harigaya, K, Harnik, R, Haselschwardt, S J, Hernandez, M, Hertel, S A, Higuera, A, Hils, C, Hochrein, S, Hoetzsch, L, Hoferichter, M, Hood, N, Hooper, D, Horn, M, Howlett, J, Huang, D Q, Huang, Y, Hunt, D, Iacovacci, M, Iaquaniello, G, Ide, R, Ignarra, C M, Iloglu, G, Itow, Y, Jacquet, E, Jahangir, O, Jakob, J, James, R S, Jansen, A, Ji, W, Ji, X, Joerg, F, Johnson, J, Joy, A, Kaboth, A C, Kalhor, L, Kamaha, A C, 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Abstract: The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for weakly interacting massive particles, while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector.
Published: 2023

46. Search for New Physics in Electronic Recoil Data from XENONnT

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Ahmed Maouloud, S., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Antón Martin, D., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D’Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gallo Rosso, A., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Gardner, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Paschos, P., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ramírez García, D., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Schulze Eißing, H., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Stephen, J., Takeda, A., Tan, P.-L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., IoP (FNWI), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Aprile, E, Abe, K, Agostini, F, Ahmed Maouloud, S, Althueser, L, Andrieu, B, Angelino, E, Angevaare, J R, Antochi, V C, Antón Martin, D, Arneodo, F, Baudis, L, Baxter, A L, Bellagamba, L, Biondi, R, Bismark, A, Brown, A, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Bui, T K, Cai, C, Capelli, C, Cardoso, J M R, Cichon, D, Clark, M, Colijn, A P, Conrad, J, Cuenca-García, J J, Cussonneau, J P, D'Andrea, V, Decowski, M P, Di Gangi, P, Di Pede, S, Di Giovanni, A, Di Stefano, R, Diglio, S, Eitel, K, Elykov, A, Farrell, S, Ferella, A D, Ferrari, C, Fischer, H, Fulgione, W, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, Gallo Rosso, A, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Gardner, R, Glade-Beucke, R, Grandi, L, Grigat, J, Guida, M, Hammann, R, Higuera, A, Hils, C, Hoetzsch, L, Howlett, J, Iacovacci, M, Itow, Y, Jakob, J, Joerg, F, Joy, A, Kato, N, Kara, M, Kavrigin, P, Kazama, S, Kobayashi, M, Koltman, G, Kopec, A, Kuger, F, Landsman, H, Lang, R F, Levinson, L, Li, I, Li, S, Liang, S, Lindemann, S, Lindner, M, Liu, K, Loizeau, J, Lombardi, F, Long, J, Lopes, J A M, Ma, Y, Macolino, C, Mahlstedt, J, Mancuso, A, Manenti, L, Marignetti, F, Marrodán Undagoitia, T, Martens, K, Masbou, J, Masson, D, Masson, E, Mastroianni, S, Messina, M, Miuchi, K, Mizukoshi, K, Molinario, A, Moriyama, S, Morå, K, Mosbacher, Y, Murra, M, Müller, J, Ni, K, Oberlack, U, Paetsch, B, Palacio, J, Paschos, P, Peres, R, Peters, C, Pienaar, J, Pierre, M, Pizzella, V, Plante, G, Qi, J, Qin, J, Ramírez García, D, Reichard, S, Rocchetti, A, Rupp, N, Sanchez, L, Dos Santos, J M F, Sarnoff, I, Sartorelli, G, Schreiner, J, Schulte, D, Schulte, P, Schulze Eißing, H, Schumann, M, Scotto Lavina, L, Selvi, M, Semeria, F, Shagin, P, Shi, S, Shockley, E, Silva, M, Simgen, H, Stephen, J, Takeda, A, Tan, P-L, Terliuk, A, Thers, D, Toschi, F, Trinchero, G, Tunnell, C, Tönnies, F, Valerius, K, Volta, G, Wei, Y, Weinheimer, C, Weiss, M, Wenz, D, Wittweg, C, Wolf, T, Xu, D, Xu, Z, Yamashita, M, Yang, L, Ye, J, Yuan, L, Zavattini, G, Zhong, M, Zhu, T, and HEP, INSPIRE
Subjects: xenon: target, neutrino: solar, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], WIMP, electronic recoil, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, coupling constant: upper limit, dark matter: direct detection, WIMP: dark matter, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), recoil, Dark Matter, ddc:530, coupling: (axion 2electron), Xenon nT, xenon: liquid, photon: hidden sector, boson: dark matter, axion: dark matter, background, new physics: search for, Physics, dark matter: detector, neutrino: magnetic moment, Xenon nT, Dark Matter, WIMP, electronic recoil, coupling: (axion 2photon), axion: solar, experimental results
Abstract: We report on a blinded analysis of low-energy electronic-recoil data from the first science run of the XENONnT dark matter experiment. Novel subsystems and the increased 5.9 tonne liquid xenon target reduced the background in the (1, 30) keV search region to $(15.8 \pm 1.3)$ events/(tonne$\times$year$\times$keV), the lowest ever achieved in a dark matter detector and $\sim$5 times lower than in XENON1T. With an exposure of 1.16 tonne-years, we observe no excess above background and set stringent new limits on solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, and bosonic dark matter., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. Data points are available in https://zenodo.org/record/7311940
Published: 2022

47. Emission of single and few electrons in XENON1T and limits on light dark matter

Author: Aprile, E, Abe, K, Agostini, F, Maouloud, Sa, Alfonsi, M, Althueser, L, Angelino, E, Angevaare, Jr, Antochi, Vc, Martin, Da, Arneodo, F, Baudis, L, Baxter, Al, Bellagamba, L, Bernard, A, Biondi, R, Bismark, A, Brown, A, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Capelli, C, Cardoso, Jmr, Cichon, D, Cimmino, B, Clark, M, Colijn, Ap, Conrad, J, Cuenca-Garcia, Jj, Cussonneau, Jp, D'Andrea, V, Decowski, Mp, Di Gangi, P, Di Pede, S, Di Giovanni, A, Di Stefano, R, Diglio, S, Elykov, A, Farrell, S, Ferella, Ad, Fischer, H, Fulgione, W, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Glade-Beucke, R, Grandi, L, Grigat, J, Higuera, A, Hils, C, Hoetzsch, L, Howlett, J, Iacovacci, M, Itow, Y, Jakob, J, Joerg, F, Joy, A, Kato, N, Kavrigin, P, Kazama, S, Kobayashi, M, Koltman, G, Kopec, A, Landsman, H, Lang, Rf, Levinson, L, Li, I, Li, S, Liang, S, Lindemann, S, Lindner, M, Liu, K, Lombardi, F, Long, J, Lopes, Jam, Ma, Y, Macolino, C, Mahlstedt, J, Mancuso, A, Manenti, L, Manfredini, A, Marignetti, F, Undagoitia, Tm, Martens, K, Masbou, J, Masson, D, Masson, E, Mastroianni, S, Messina, M, Miuchi, K, Mizukoshi, K, Molinario, A, Moriyama, S, Mora, K, Mosbacher, Y, Murra, M, Muller, J, Ni, K, Oberlack, U, Paetsch, B, Palacio, J, Peres, R, Pienaar, J, Pierre, M, Pizzella, V, Plante, G, Qi, J, Qin, J, Garcia, Dr, Reichard, S, Rocchetti, A, Rupp, N, Sanchez, L, dos Santos, Jmf, Sarnoff, I, Sartorelli, G, Schreiner, J, Schulte, D, Eissing, Hs, Schumann, M, Lavina, Ls, Selvi, M, Semeria, F, Shagin, P, Shi, S, Shockley, E, Silva, M, Simgen, H, Takeda, A, Tan, Pl, Terliuk, A, Thers, D, Toschi, F, Trinchero, G, Tunnell, C, Tonnies, E, Valerius, K, Volta, G, Wei, Y, Weinheimer, C, Weiss, M, Wenz, D, Wittweg, C, Wolf, T, Xu, Z, Yamashita, M, Yang, L, Ye, J, Yuan, L, Zavattini, G, Zhang, Y, Zhong, M, Zhu, T, Zopounidis, Jp, IoP (FNWI), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Ahmed Maouloud, S., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Anton Martin, D., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Bernard, A., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-Garcia, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Marrodan Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Mora, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Muller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ramirez Garcia, D., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulze Eissing, H., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tonnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, XENON1T, Light dark matter, WIMP, Light dark matter, WIMP, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), XENON1T, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Delayed single- and few-electron emissions plague dual-phase time projection chambers, limiting their potential to search for light-mass dark matter. This paper examines the origins of these events in the XENON1T experiment. Characterization of the intensity of delayed electron backgrounds shows that the resulting emissions are correlated, in time and position, with high-energy events and can effectively be vetoed. In this work we extend previous S2-only analyses down to a single electron. From this analysis, after removing the correlated backgrounds, we observe rates < 30 events/(electron*kg*day) in the region of interest spanning 1 to 5 electrons. We derive 90% confidence upper limits for dark matter-electron scattering, first direct limits on the electric dipole, magnetic dipole, and anapole interactions, and bosonic dark matter models, where we exclude new parameter space for dark photons and solar dark photons., 20 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2022
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48. A next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics

Author: Aalbers, J, primary, AbdusSalam, S S, additional, Abe, K, additional, Aerne, V, additional, Agostini, F, additional, Ahmed Maouloud, S, additional, Akerib, D S, additional, Akimov, D Y, additional, Akshat, J, additional, Al Musalhi, A K, additional, Alder, F, additional, Alsum, S K, additional, Althueser, L, additional, Amarasinghe, C S, additional, Amaro, F D, additional, Ames, A, additional, Anderson, T J, additional, Andrieu, B, additional, Angelides, N, additional, Angelino, E, additional, Angevaare, J, additional, Antochi, V C, additional, Antón Martin, D, additional, Antunovic, B, additional, Aprile, E, additional, Araújo, H M, additional, Armstrong, J E, additional, Arneodo, F, additional, Arthurs, M, additional, Asadi, P, additional, Baek, S, additional, Bai, X, additional, Bajpai, D, additional, Baker, A, additional, Balajthy, J, additional, Balashov, S, additional, Balzer, M, additional, Bandyopadhyay, A, additional, Bang, J, additional, Barberio, E, additional, Bargemann, J W, additional, Baudis, L, additional, Bauer, D, additional, Baur, D, additional, Baxter, A, additional, Baxter, A L, additional, Bazyk, M, additional, Beattie, K, additional, Behrens, J, additional, Bell, N F, additional, Bellagamba, L, additional, Beltrame, P, additional, Benabderrahmane, M, additional, Bernard, E P, additional, Bertone, G F, additional, Bhattacharjee, P, additional, Bhatti, A, additional, Biekert, A, additional, Biesiadzinski, T P, additional, Binau, A R, additional, Biondi, R, additional, Biondi, Y, additional, Birch, H J, additional, Bishara, F, additional, Bismark, A, additional, Blanco, C, additional, Blockinger, G M, additional, Bodnia, E, additional, Boehm, C, additional, Bolozdynya, A I, additional, Bolton, P D, additional, Bottaro, S, additional, Bourgeois, C, additional, Boxer, B, additional, Brás, P, additional, Breskin, A, additional, Breur, P A, additional, Brew, C A J, additional, Brod, J, additional, Brookes, E, additional, Brown, A, additional, Brown, E, additional, Bruenner, S, additional, Bruno, G, additional, Budnik, R, additional, Bui, T K, additional, Burdin, S, additional, Buse, S, additional, Busenitz, J K, additional, Buttazzo, D, additional, Buuck, M, additional, Buzulutskov, A, additional, Cabrita, R, additional, Cai, C, additional, Cai, D, additional, Capelli, C, additional, Cardoso, J M R, additional, Carmona-Benitez, M C, additional, Cascella, M, additional, Catena, R, additional, Chakraborty, S, additional, Chan, C, additional, Chang, S, additional, Chauvin, A, additional, Chawla, A, additional, Chen, H, additional, Chepel, V, additional, Chott, N I, additional, Cichon, D, additional, Cimental Chavez, A, additional, Cimmino, B, additional, Clark, M, additional, Co, R T, additional, Colijn, A P, additional, Conrad, J, additional, Converse, M V, additional, Costa, M, additional, Cottle, A, additional, Cox, G, additional, Creaner, O, additional, Cuenca Garcia, J J, additional, Cussonneau, J P, additional, Cutter, J E, additional, Dahl, C E, additional, D’Andrea, V, additional, David, A, additional, Decowski, M P, additional, Dent, J B, additional, Deppisch, F F, additional, de Viveiros, L, additional, Di Gangi, P, additional, Di Giovanni, A, additional, Di Pede, S, additional, Dierle, J, additional, Diglio, S, additional, Dobson, J E Y, additional, Doerenkamp, M, additional, Douillet, D, additional, Drexlin, G, additional, Druszkiewicz, E, additional, Dunsky, D, additional, Eitel, K, additional, Elykov, A, additional, Emken, T, additional, Engel, R, additional, Eriksen, S R, additional, Fairbairn, M, additional, Fan, A, additional, Fan, J J, additional, Farrell, S J, additional, Fayer, S, additional, Fearon, N M, additional, Ferella, A, additional, Ferrari, C, additional, Fieguth, A, additional, Fiorucci, S, additional, Fischer, H, additional, Flaecher, H, additional, Flierman, M, additional, Florek, T, additional, Foot, R, additional, Fox, P J, additional, Franceschini, R, additional, Fraser, E D, additional, Frenk, C S, additional, Frohlich, S, additional, Fruth, T, additional, Fulgione, W, additional, Fuselli, C, additional, Gaemers, P, additional, Gaior, R, additional, Gaitskell, R J, additional, Galloway, M, additional, Gao, F, additional, Garcia Garcia, I, additional, Genovesi, J, additional, Ghag, C, additional, Ghosh, S, additional, Gibson, E, additional, Gil, W, additional, Giovagnoli, D, additional, Girard, F, additional, Glade-Beucke, R, additional, Glück, F, additional, Gokhale, S, additional, de Gouvêa, A, additional, Gráf, L, additional, Grandi, L, additional, Grigat, J, additional, Grinstein, B, additional, van der Grinten, M G D, additional, Grössle, R, additional, Guan, H, additional, Guida, M, additional, Gumbsheimer, R, additional, Gwilliam, C B, additional, Hall, C R, additional, Hall, L J, additional, Hammann, R, additional, Han, K, additional, Hannen, V, additional, Hansmann-Menzemer, S, additional, Harata, R, additional, Hardin, S P, additional, Hardy, E, additional, Hardy, C A, additional, Harigaya, K, additional, Harnik, R, additional, Haselschwardt, S J, additional, Hernandez, M, additional, Hertel, S A, additional, Higuera, A, additional, Hils, C, additional, Hochrein, S, additional, Hoetzsch, L, additional, Hoferichter, M, additional, Hood, N, additional, Hooper, D, additional, Horn, M, additional, Howlett, J, additional, Huang, D Q, additional, Huang, Y, additional, Hunt, D, additional, Iacovacci, M, additional, Iaquaniello, G, additional, Ide, R, additional, Ignarra, C M, additional, Iloglu, G, additional, Itow, Y, additional, Jacquet, E, additional, Jahangir, O, additional, Jakob, J, additional, James, R S, additional, Jansen, A, additional, Ji, W, additional, Ji, X, additional, Joerg, F, additional, Johnson, J, additional, Joy, A, additional, Kaboth, A C, additional, Kalhor, L, additional, Kamaha, A C, additional, Kanezaki, K, additional, Kar, K, additional, Kara, M, additional, Kato, N, additional, Kavrigin, P, additional, Kazama, S, additional, Keaveney, A W, additional, Kellerer, J, additional, Khaitan, D, additional, Khazov, A, additional, Khundzakishvili, G, additional, Khurana, I, additional, Kilminster, B, additional, Kleifges, M, additional, Ko, P, additional, Kobayashi, M, additional, Kodroff, D, additional, Koltmann, G, additional, Kopec, A, additional, Kopmann, A, additional, Kopp, J, additional, Korley, L, additional, Kornoukhov, V N, additional, Korolkova, E V, additional, Kraus, H, additional, Krauss, L M, additional, Kravitz, S, additional, Kreczko, L, additional, Kudryavtsev, V A, additional, Kuger, F, additional, Kumar, J, additional, López Paredes, B, additional, LaCascio, L, additional, Laha, R, additional, Laine, Q, additional, Landsman, H, additional, Lang, R F, additional, Leason, E A, additional, Lee, J, additional, Leonard, D S, additional, Lesko, K T, additional, Levinson, L, additional, Levy, C, additional, Li, I, additional, Li, S C, additional, Li, T, additional, Liang, S, additional, Liebenthal, C S, additional, Lin, J, additional, Lin, Q, additional, Lindemann, S, additional, Lindner, M, additional, Lindote, A, additional, Linehan, R, additional, Lippincott, W H, additional, Liu, X, additional, Liu, K, additional, Liu, J, additional, Loizeau, J, additional, Lombardi, F, additional, Long, J, additional, Lopes, M I, additional, Lopez Asamar, E, additional, Lorenzon, W, additional, Lu, C, additional, Luitz, S, additional, Ma, Y, additional, Machado, P A N, additional, Macolino, C, additional, Maeda, T, additional, Mahlstedt, J, additional, Majewski, P A, additional, Manalaysay, A, additional, Mancuso, A, additional, Manenti, L, additional, Manfredini, A, additional, Mannino, R L, additional, Marangou, N, additional, March-Russell, J, additional, Marignetti, F, additional, Marrodán Undagoitia, T, additional, Martens, K, additional, Martin, R, additional, Martinez-Soler, I, additional, Masbou, J, additional, Masson, D, additional, Masson, E, additional, Mastroianni, S, additional, Mastronardi, M, additional, Matias-Lopes, J A, additional, McCarthy, M E, additional, McFadden, N, additional, McGinness, E, additional, McKinsey, D N, additional, McLaughlin, J, additional, McMichael, K, additional, Meinhardt, P, additional, Menéndez, J, additional, Meng, Y, additional, Messina, M, additional, Midha, R, additional, Milisavljevic, D, additional, Miller, E H, additional, Milosevic, B, additional, Milutinovic, S, additional, Mitra, S A, additional, Miuchi, K, additional, Mizrachi, E, additional, Mizukoshi, K, additional, Molinario, A, additional, Monte, A, additional, Monteiro, C M B, additional, Monzani, M E, additional, Moore, J S, additional, Morå, K, additional, Morad, J A, additional, Morales Mendoza, J D, additional, Moriyama, S, additional, Morrison, E, additional, Morteau, E, additional, Mosbacher, Y, additional, Mount, B J, additional, Mueller, J, additional, Murphy, A St J, additional, Murra, M, additional, Naim, D, additional, Nakamura, S, additional, Nash, E, additional, Navaieelavasani, N, additional, Naylor, A, additional, Nedlik, C, additional, Nelson, H N, additional, Neves, F, additional, Newstead, J L, additional, Ni, K, additional, Nikoleyczik, J A, additional, Niro, V, additional, Oberlack, U G, additional, Obradovic, M, additional, Odgers, K, additional, O’Hare, C A J, additional, Oikonomou, P, additional, Olcina, I, additional, Oliver-Mallory, K, additional, Oranday, A, additional, Orpwood, J, additional, Ostrovskiy, I, additional, Ozaki, K, additional, Paetsch, B, additional, Pal, S, additional, Palacio, J, additional, Palladino, K J, additional, Palmer, J, additional, Panci, P, additional, Pandurovic, M, additional, Parlati, A, additional, Parveen, N, additional, Patton, S J, additional, Pěč, V, additional, Pellegrini, Q, additional, Penning, B, additional, Pereira, G, additional, Peres, R, additional, Perez-Gonzalez, Y, additional, Perry, E, additional, Pershing, T, additional, Petrossian-Byrne, R, additional, Pienaar, J, additional, Piepke, A, additional, Pieramico, G, additional, Pierre, M, additional, Piotter, M, additional, Pizzella, V, additional, Plante, G, additional, Pollmann, T, additional, Porzio, D, additional, Qi, J, additional, Qie, Y, additional, Qin, J, additional, Quevedo, F, additional, Raj, N, additional, Rajado Silva, M, additional, Ramanathan, K, additional, Ramírez García, D, additional, Ravanis, J, additional, Redard-Jacot, L, additional, Redigolo, D, additional, Reichard, S, additional, Reichenbacher, J, additional, Rhyne, C A, additional, Richards, A, additional, Riffard, Q, additional, Rischbieter, G R C, additional, Rocchetti, A, additional, Rosenfeld, S L, additional, Rosero, R, additional, Rupp, N, additional, Rushton, T, additional, Saha, S, additional, Salucci, P, additional, Sanchez, L, additional, Sanchez-Lucas, P, additional, Santone, D, additional, dos Santos, J M F, additional, Sarnoff, I, additional, Sartorelli, G, additional, Sazzad, A B M R, additional, Scheibelhut, M, additional, Schnee, R W, additional, Schrank, M, additional, Schreiner, J, additional, Schulte, P, additional, Schulte, D, additional, Schulze Eissing, H, additional, Schumann, M, additional, Schwemberger, T, additional, Schwenk, A, additional, Schwetz, T, additional, Scotto Lavina, L, additional, Scovell, P R, additional, Sekiya, H, additional, Selvi, M, additional, Semenov, E, additional, Semeria, F, additional, Shagin, P, additional, Shaw, S, additional, Shi, S, additional, Shockley, E, additional, Shutt, T A, additional, Si-Ahmed, R, additional, Silk, J J, additional, Silva, C, additional, Silva, M C, additional, Simgen, H, additional, Šimkovic, F, additional, Sinev, G, additional, Singh, R, additional, Skulski, W, additional, Smirnov, J, additional, Smith, R, additional, Solmaz, M, additional, Solovov, V N, additional, Sorensen, P, additional, Soria, J, additional, Sparmann, T J, additional, Stancu, I, additional, Steidl, 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additional, Xu, J, additional, Xu, Z, additional, Xu, D, additional, Yamashita, M, additional, Yamazaki, R, additional, Yan, H, additional, Yang, L, additional, Yang, Y, additional, Ye, J, additional, Yeh, M, additional, Young, I, additional, Yu, H B, additional, Yu, T T, additional, Yuan, L, additional, Zavattini, G, additional, Zerbo, S, additional, Zhang, Y, additional, Zhong, M, additional, Zhou, N, additional, Zhou, X, additional, Zhu, T, additional, Zhu, Y, additional, Zhuang, Y, additional, Zopounidis, J P, additional, Zuber, K, additional, and Zupan, J, additional
Published: 2022
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49. Searching for Heavy Dark Matter near the Planck Mass with XENON1T

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Ahmed Maouloud, S., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Antón Martin, D., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimental Chavez, A. P., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D’Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gallo Rosso, A., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ramírez García, D., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Schulze Eißing, H., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P.-L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: Physics, ddc:530
Abstract: Multiple viable theoretical models predict heavy dark matter particles with a mass close to the Planck mass, a range relatively unexplored by current experimental measurements. We use 219.4 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment to conduct a blind search for signals from multiply interacting massive particles (MIMPs). Their unique track signature allows a targeted analysis with only 0.05 expected background events from muons. Following unblinding, we observe no signal candidate events. This Letter places strong constraints on spin-independent interactions of dark matter particles with a mass between 1×10$^{12}$ and 2×10$^{17}$ GeV/c$^2$. In addition, we present the first exclusion limits on spin-dependent MIMP-neutron and MIMP-proton cross sections for dark matter particles with masses close to the Planck scale.
Published: 2023
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50. Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal $^{{\textbf {37}}}$Ar source

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Ahmed Maouloud, S., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Antón Martin, D., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D’Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gallo Rosso, A., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ramírez García, D., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J. M. F. Dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Schulze Eißing, H., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P.-L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., Geppert, C., and Riemer, J.
Subjects: Physics, ddc:530
Abstract: A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal 37Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keV are measured to be (32.3±0.3) photons/keV and (40.6±0.5) electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keV is also measured and it is (68.0+6.3−3.7) electrons/keV. The 37Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at (2.83±0.02) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that 37Ar can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.
Published: 2023

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