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As the number of population around the world increases, the search for new energy sources has become a necessity. Much research has been conducted on renewable energy sources that may substitute traditional energy sources, these include solar energy, wind energy, and wave power. Microbes play an important role in producing energy by generating electrical conductivity through transporting electrons generated from their metabolism. Such bacteria are known as Electro-active bacteria and are used in microbial fuel cells where microbes are used to generate electric energy from the degradation of organic compounds. The role of microbial fuel cells are not only important in generating electricity, but also in reducing organic contaminants from the environment. Microbial fuel cells are also important in producing electricity in locations where it is costly to maintain batteries periodically such as the bottom of the oceans. One of the best-known electro-active bacteria is Geobacter, which has the ability to transfer electrons outside its membrane. Researchers have developed a genetic system that functions in Geobacter in order to construct mutants and study gene knockout strains and they found that this bacterium uses multiple c-type cytochromes to iron oxides by direct contact. In the past few decades, Shewanella has gained the attention of scientists due to its respiratory adaptability. This bacterium can respire different inorganic compounds as electron acceptors, including, thiosulfate, nitrate, arsenate, elemental sulfur, and fumarate. This ability came from its unique electron-transport pathways which helped to adapt changes in electron acceptor availability which fluctuate according to environmental conditions.

Epiluminescence microscopy, also known as dermoscopy (or dermatoscopy), is a noninvasive tool which helps in identifying features which may not be visible to the unaided eye. Dermoscopic signs in dermatology, trichology, and onychology are evolving concepts for ease in diagnosis of certain dermatological disorders. Although all these signs have been published in different articles and texts as a scattered information, this article intends to consolidate the pertinent signs and create an easy reference for dermatologists in order to establish prompt diagnosis during their busy schedules.

Petroleum is widely used as one of the important energy sources. Engineers need to continuously adjust strategies to maximize oil recovery during development. Then strategy adjustment requires a lot of cost, so it is necessary to select the optimal strategy through production forecasting. In this paper, a self-defined Double-channel Heterogeneous Dynamical Graph network (DHDG) is proposed deal with this problem. It can receive different development strategies predict future production indices base on that. Particularly, the concept of graph network is used for the first time to simulate the well pattern and predict production of all wells in the block at same time. At the same time, in order to fully fit the seepage process between wells, we complicate the edge features of the graph, so that it has enough capacity to express the state information of the formation between wells. Finally, we amplify the features of network output through engineering calculations, which further ensured the integrity of the information transmitted in the recursive process. The example results in two benchmark reservoirs show that it is accurate enough to predict oil production rate in future 600 days and more accurate than LSTM networks.

This study aims to describe the impact of implementing children's story magazine media in class 3 learning at MIN 10 Ngawi. The method used in this research is descriptive method and uses a qualitative research approach. The technique used in this research is the technique of observation, interviews, documentation with data collectors, observation guides, interviews and field notes. The results of data analysis showed that the learning media of children's story magazines can improve student learning outcomes, it can be seen from the learning outcomes before and after using children's story magazine learning media. Before using the children's story magazine media, the average grade 3 MIN 10 Ngawi students was 64, after using the children's story magazine learning media the average grade 3 MIN 10 Ngawi students was 78.

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of aromatic compounds that contain at least two rings. These compounds are found naturally in petroleum products and are considered the most prevalent pollutants in the environment. The lack of microorganism capable of degrading some PAHs led to their accumulation in the environment which usually causes major health problems as many of these compounds are known carcinogens. Xanthene is one of the small PAHs which has three rings. Many xanthene derivatives are useful dyes that are used for dyeing wood and cosmetic articles. However, several studies have illustrated that these compounds have toxic and carcinogenic effects. The first step of the bacterial degradation of xanthene is conducted by dioxygenase enzymes that introduces two oxygen atoms in the structure of the aromatic rings. In this study we focused on the bacterial bioremediation of xanthene via Sphingobium yanoikuyae B1DR, an engineered strain carrying the dioxin angular dioxygenase from Sphingomonas wittichii RW1. HPLC analysis of supernatant from resting cells of S. yanoikuyae B1DR grown on xanthene and succinate showed the ability of this strain to transform xanthene to 2-hydroxyphenylacetate that was not produced by the wild type of Sphingobium yanoikuyae B1. Production of 2-hydroxyphenylacetate was confirmed by GC-MS. Our results show the importance of this strain in reducing the toxic effects of xanthene in the environment and showed for the first time that ring-hydroxylation enzymes and hydrolases for biphenyl degradation in S. yanoikuyae B1 may function on metabolites generated from the degradation pathway of xanthene. By analyzing our results we were able to draw a novel pathway for xanthene degradation in S. yanoikuyae B1DR.

The Ordovician fracture-vug carbonate reservoirs of Tarim Basin, are featured by developed vugs, caves and fractures. The strong heterogeneity results in huge uncertainty when these reservoirs are quantitatively characterized using merely static seismic data. The effective quantitative characterization of the reservoirs has been an urgent problem to be solved. This study creatively proposes the “second quantitative characterization” technique with the combination of dynamic and static data based on the primary static quantitative characterization and fully considering lots of key influence factors when conducting characterization. In this technique, dynamic analysis methods such as well testing, production rate transient analysis, dynamic reserve evaluation and dynamic connectivity evaluation are used to get understandings on this kind of reservoir. These understandings are used as statistical parameters to constrain the inversion of seismic wave impedance to improve the relationship between wave impedance and porosity and determine the fracture-vug morphology, calculate dynamic reserves, and then a more accurate fracture-vugmodel can be selected and used to calculate the oil-water contact inversely based on the results of “second quantitative characterization”. This method can lower the uncertainties in the primary quantitative characterization of fracture-vug reservoirs, enhance the accuracy of characterization results significantly, and has achieved good application results in the fracture-vug carbonate reservoirs of Tarim Basin.

Immunosuppressants are required for an array of pediatric dermatoses. Certain dermatological conditions require long-term use of immunomodulators such as methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil. All immunosuppressants have varying toxicity profiles and long-term use of these in the pediatric age group may lead to significant adverse effects. This concise review focuses on the immunosuppressants commonly used for dermatoses in children and gives a comprehensive list of the various indications for use in each and associated adverse effects on long-term use. An English language search was done on studies published till date on immunosuppressant use in pediatric dermatoses. A documented review was prepared, analyzed, and presented in a narrative fashion to highlight the important pediatric indications for the use of the respective immunosuppressant, with special emphasis on the adverse effects on prolonged usage.

Pediatric dermatoses constitute an array of varied diseases, a few of which may require long-term treatment with immunosuppressants in the form of corticosteroids (CS) and steroid-sparing agents such as azathioprine, cyclosporine, and methotrexate. There are numerous articles mentioning long-term adverse effects of these immunosuppressants in adults, but just a few mentioning the same in the pediatric age group. This concise review focuses on the immunosuppressants commonly used for dermatoses in children and gives a comprehensive list of the various indications for use in each and associated adverse effect on long-term use. A comprehensive search was done using PubMed, Google, EMBASE, Cochrane, and MEDLINE on studies published till date on immunosuppressant use in pediatric dermatoses with special emphasis on the safety and adverse effects on long-term therapy. Only English language articles were considered. Thirty-eight articles were found, of which only 28 were selected after removing duplication and articles having no relevant information. Clinical as well as randomized double-blinded or single-blinded controlled trials, open-label studies, retrospective studies, case series, reviews, and case reports on the use of immunosuppressants in pediatric age group, including their long-term adverse effects were screened and a documented evidence was prepared, analyzed and presented in a narrative fashion to highlight the important pediatric indications for the use of the respective immunosuppressant, with special emphasis on the adverse effects on prolonged usage. The review has been divided into two parts for the reader's benefit. Part I consists of CS, azathioprine, and cyclosporine, whereas, Part II consists of methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil.

Waterflooding reservoir interwell connectivity characterization is the fundamental work in oil development, aiming to inverse the vital connecting channels between injectors and producers. In this paper, we endow an artificial neural network (ANN) with strong interpretability through the ordinary differential equation (ODE) of the material balance equation, proposing a physical knowledge fusion neural network (PKFNN). In addition, the proposed model could inherit the knowledge learned from different injector–producer pairs, fully improving the training efficiency. In this way, PKFNN combines the merits of both physical and machine learning approaches. Firstly, based on the physical control law and the ODE of the material balance equation, we endow the model with highly transparent modular architectures in the framework of feedforward neural network. In this way, our work has both high interpretability and excellent approximation ability, combining the merits of the physical and machine learning approaches. The proposed model shows great performance on productivity forecast and interwell connectivity reflection in several reservoir experiments. PKFNN provides a novel way to enhance the interpretability and robustness of the data-driven-based interwell connectivity-analyzing models by integrating the physical knowledge of waterflooding reservoirs.

The cellular composition of previous engineered heart tissue is often heterogeneous. Here, the authors create chamber-specific human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to form both ventricular and atrial cells before embedding in collagen-based matrix to form ring-shaped engineered heart tissue.

Abnormal action potential (AP) properties, as occurs in long or short QT syndromes (LQTS and SQTS, respectively), can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. Optogenetics strategies, utilizing light-sensitive proteins, have emerged as experimental platforms for cardiac pacing, resynchronization, and defibrillation. We tested the hypothesis that similar optogenetic tools can modulate the cardiomyocyte’s AP properties, as a potentially novel antiarrhythmic strategy. Healthy control and LQTS/SQTS patient–specific human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) were transduced to express the light-sensitive cationic channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) or the anionic-selective opsin, ACR2. Detailed patch-clamp, confocal-microscopy, and optical mapping studies evaluated the ability of spatiotemporally defined optogenetic protocols to modulate AP properties and prevent arrhythmogenesis in the hiPSC-CMs cell/tissue models. Depending on illumination timing, light-induced ChR2 activation induced robust prolongation or mild shortening of AP duration (APD), while ACR2 activation allowed effective APD shortening. Fine-tuning these approaches allowed for the normalization of pathological AP properties and suppression of arrhythmogenicity in the LQTS/SQTS hiPSC-CM cellular models. We next established a SQTS–hiPSC-CMs–based tissue model of reentrant-arrhythmias using optogenetic cross-field stimulation. An APD-modulating optogenetic protocol was then designed to dynamically prolong APD of the propagating wavefront, completely preventing arrhythmogenesis in this model. This work highlights the potential of optogenetics in studying repolarization abnormalities and in developing novel antiarrhythmic therapies.

Para-rectal presacral masses, though rare in clinical practice pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to surgeons. Symptoms if present are usually associated with mass effect on rectum or lower urinary tract. Pre-operative diagnosis using imaging modalities may be misleading. The role of pathological diagnosis is debatable as complete surgical excision is the mainstay of management. The surgical approaches may vary depending upon site, size, relation to rectal wall, sacral vertebra and presence of abdominal component of the lesion. In this case report, we present an elderly lady who presented with a swelling in the coccygeal area associated with discomfort and how we went ahead with management. [Med-Science 2020; 9(3.000): 793-5]

The reservoir characterization aims to provide the analysis and quantification of the injection-production relationship, which is the fundamental work for production management. The connectivity between injectors and producers is dominated by geological properties, especially permeability. However, the permeability parameters are very heterogenous in oil reservoirs, and expensive to collect by well logging. The commercial simulators enable to get accurate simulation but require sufficient geological properties and consume excessive computation resources. In contrast, the data-driven models (physical models and machine learning models) are developed on the observed dynamic data, such as the rate and pressure data of the injectors and producers, constructing the connectivity relationship and forecasting the productivity by a series of nonlinear mappings or the control of specific physical principles. While, due to the “black box” feature of machine learning approaches, and the constraints and assumptions of physical models, the data-driven methods often face the challenges of poor interpretability and generalizability and the limited application scopes. To solve these issues, integrating the physical principle of the waterflooding process (material balance equation) with an artificial neural network (ANN), a knowledge interaction neural network (KINN) is proposed. KINN consists of three transparent modules with explicit physical significance, and different modules are joined together via the material balance equation and work cooperatively to approximate the waterflooding process. In addition, a gate function is proposed to distinguish the dominant flowing channels from weak connecting ones by their sparsity, and thus the inter-well connectivity can be indicated directly by the model parameters. Combining the strong nonlinear mapping ability with the guidance of physical knowledge, the interpretability of KINN is fully enhanced, and the prediction accuracy on the well productivity is improved. The effectiveness of KINN is proved by comparing its performance with the canonical ANN, on the inter-well connectivity analysis and productivity forecast tasks of three synthetic reservoir experiments. Meanwhile, the robustness of KINN is revealed by the sensitivity analysis on measurement noises and wells shut-in cases.

For the thick sandstone reservoir, due to gravity differentiation, water drive mainly uses the bottom oil of the reservoir, while gas drive mainly drives the oil along the top of the reservoir. Water-alternating gas (WAG) injection can effectively combine the advantages of water flooding and gas injection, so that gas and water can work in synergy, thus further expanding swept volume and enhancing oil recovery. Over the past half century, the technology has been successfully applied to more than 60 oilfields worldwide, but its mechanism remains to be further studied. In this paper, a total of three tests were conducted through conventional water-flooding (WF), water flooding followed by gas flooding and WAG in sand-packed 2d-model. These experimental processes are recorded by video with time so that the saturation distribution of each phase in porous media can be observed，migration law of gas and water is studied, and the mechanism of WAG displacement is analyzed. The results show that gravity and capillary force have great influence on the process of gas water alternation, thus increasing the overall swept volume of water and gas; The water/gas alternating injection has the highest oil recovery factor (RF) of 75.45% in test 3, in comparison with water flooding followed by gas flooding (70.85% in test 2) and water-flooding (66.7%in test 1); Increase in cycles of WAG tends to reduce residual oil saturation.

Background: Neonatal life, as defined by the World Health Organization, constitutes the first 28 days of extrauterine life. The transition of neonatal skin from an aqueous to an air-dominant environment results in various changes, both physiological and pathological. Aims: This study was designed to find the prevalence and pattern of various physiological and pathological dermatoses as well as its relation to maternal and neonatal factors in the early neonatal period. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done on 505 live born neonates at Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana. All consecutive live born babies and those presenting for follow-up within 7 days of birth were considered. Results: Out of 505 neonates that were examined, 284 (56.24%) were males and 221 (43.76%) were females. Physiological skin changes were seen in 460 (91.09%), the most common being physiological desquamation in 211 (41.78%) neonates followed by Milia in 199 (39.41%). Pathological changes were seen in 102 (20.20%) neonates of whom one had aplasia cutis congenita. The most common developmental abnormality was accessory nipple in 6 (1.19%) neonates. Icterus was most often seen in neonates delivered by normal vaginal delivery 134 (56.54%). Milia was more often seen in babies of multiparous mothers, 135 (67.84%) as compared to primiparous mothers. Conclusion: A good knowledge of neonatal dermatoses helps allay concerns in parents and treating physicians thereby avoiding diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, which may not be required, especially as most of the early neonatal dermatoses are transient in nature.

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An antibacterial and anti-oxidation composite film was prepared by a casting method using sodium alginate (SA) and apple polyphenols (APPs) as the base material and glycerol as the plasticizer. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were deposited by ultrasonic-assisted electrospray method. The degree of influence of the addition ratio of SA and AgNPs and different ultrasonic time on the mechanical properties, barrier properties, optical properties, and hydrophilicity of the composite film was explored. The composite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the SA: AgNPs ratio of 7:3 and the ultrasonic time for 30 min have the best comprehensive performance, and SA/AgNPs/APP films showed the lowest water vapor permeability value of 0.75 × 10−11 g/m·s·Pa. The composite film has good strength and softness, with tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (E) at 23.94 MPa and 29.18%, respectively. SEM images showed that the surface of the composite film was smooth and the AgNPs’ distribution was uniform. The composite film showed broad antibacterial activity, and the antibacterial activity of Escherichia coli (92.01%) was higher than that of Staphylococcus aureus (91.26%). However, due to the addition of APP, its antioxidant activity can reach 98.39%, which has a synergistic effect on antibacterial activity. For strawberry as a model, the results showed that this composite film can prolong the shelf life of strawberries for about 8 days at 4 °C, effectively maintaining their storage quality. Compared with the commonly used PE(Polyethylene film) film on the market, it has a greater fresh-keeping effect and can be used as an active food packaging material.