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Abstract Background The type IV secretion system is widely present in various bacteria, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Helicobacter pylori. These bacteria use the type IV secretion system to secrete type IV secretion effectors, infect host cells, and disrupt or modulate the communication pathways. In this study, type III and type VI secretion effectors were used as negative samples to train a robust model. Results The area under the curve of T4Seeker on the validation and independent test sets were 0.947 and 0.970, respectively, demonstrating the strong predictive capacity and robustness of T4Seeker. After comparing with the classic and state-of-the-art T4SE identification models, we found that T4Seeker, which is based on traditional features and large language model features, had a higher predictive ability. Conclusion The T4Seeker proposed in this study demonstrates superior performance in the field of T4SEs prediction. By integrating features at multiple levels, it achieves higher predictive accuracy and strong generalization capability, providing an effective tool for future T4SE research.

ABSTRACTTwo-dimensional (2D) materials emerged in the last decade have been considered as an attractive class of gas sensing materials due to their large surface-to-volume ratio, high surface reaction activity and good gas adsorption performance provided by the atomically thickness and flat surface. The development of high-performance micro-nano gas sensors places higher demands on sensing materials, thus 2D materials must satisfy good sensing performance requirements such as excellent gas selectivity, reproducibility, long-term stability, and fast response/recovery time to achieve high sensitivity detection at low concentrations. Herein, we overview the recent literature on the sensor structure, sensing mechanisms and improved gas sensing performance of 2D materials-based gas sensors. In particular, we discuss how the sensing properties of 2D materials can be modulated through defect and doping engineering, modification with noble metal, constructing heterostructure, as well as external energy assistance, e.g. by light illumination. Besides reviewing the achievements of gas sensors based on 2D materials, we provide an outlook on their future developments. Understanding the relationship between structure and sensing mechanisms of 2D materials-based sensors provides vast opportunities for designing advanced gas sensors, making it promising for a wide range of practical applications.

Highlights Carbon fiber (CF) scaffolds with horizontally aligned, diagonally aligned and vertically aligned structure were fabricated via magnetic field-assisted Tetris-style stacking and carbonization process. The obtained CF scaffolds/ polydimethylsiloxane composites showed ultrahigh thermal conductivity (above 40 W m−1 K−1) in the fiber alignment direction. Fibers with different alignment direction can be combined by multiple stacking and carbonization process, allowing for the efficient heat transfer along customized paths.

Summary: Background: As a precursor to gastric cancer, gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) represents a target for surveillance. US-based guidelines recommend surveillance of racial/ethnic minorities and immigrants from high incidence gastric cancer regions, yet there is marked variability in prevalence amongst these subgroups and within groups from high incidence regions. There is a paucity of information regarding country of birth as a risk factor for GIM and we sought to determine the association between country of birth and GIM in an ethnically and racially diverse US population. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of persons who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with gastric biopsy at University of Miami Hospital between 2011 and 2021. A natural language processing (NLP) algorithm was developed and implemented to extract diagnoses of GIM and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection from endoscopic pathology reports. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate risk factors for GIM, accounting for important covariates, including country of birth. Findings: A total of 21,108 persons from 130 varying countries of birth were included in the study. A total of 1699 cases of GIM were identified yielding a prevalence of 8.0% (95% CI: 7.7–8.4%). Multivariable analysis was restricted to countries with at least 100 persons in the cohort, yielding 15 countries with 1208 cases of GIM. Country of birth (p

Energy analysis on processing of green tea at green tea factory. Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona (RITC) Gambung was conducted to analyze energy use and identify energy use. Energy analysis is calculated based on the use of biological energy, direct energy, and indirect energy at each process of green tea processing started from withering to packaging activities. This research was conducted with descriptive analysis method by measure and calculate the energy usage for each process. The results showed that the total of energy use in green tea 51.141 MJ/kg. Indirect energy is the biggest energy contributor to the use of total energy (with indirect energy) with energy values reached 46.764 MJ/kg. Meanwhile, the total use of biological energy is 0.01 MJ/kg and the total use direct energy is 4.366 MJ/kg. The results of the energy analysis assestment show that energy savings can be made by maintaining and replacing the damaged parts of the machine especially maintenance of burner in withering process, changing the concept of tea packing to 55 kg of tea/pack, changing the capacity of ball tea machine in the second drying process to 400 kg of dry tea to save the electricity supply system. The results of SWOT analysis showed in quadrant I, where the strategy in this quadrant is S-O strategy, which is growth-oriented strategy.

Background. Lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary is an unusual inflammatory disorder of the pituitary and indicated to be autoimmune in origin. Presentations depend on the site of involvement and degree of destruction of the cellular population of the pituitary and may range from an asymptomatic state to pan-hypopituitarism with or without mass effects. In the present study, we represent a rare case of lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary gland who was diagnosed with such condition and the subsequent management. Case presentation. A 22-year-old male who was admitted with symptoms of increased thirst and excessive fatigue. Following a thorough physical, clinical, laboratory, biochemistry, and imaging examinations a timely diagnosis of lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary was made without using the invasive procedure of pituitary biopsy. In light of the diagnosis prompt management with the mainstay of glucocorticoid was started along with replenishing the other deficient hormones. In this study we describe a rare case of lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary discussing in terms of epidemiology, sign and symptoms, laboratory evaluation, imaging studies, histopathology, management, and the usual outcome. Conclusion. Lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary gland can be diagnosed with the clinical presentation along with lab evaluation and imaging but without pituitary biopsy, which could help in an early and accurate diagnosis which is the basis for better management of the rare condition.

One of the valuable methods of cardiac valve diagnosis can be performed by auscultation. We proposed a signal processing and extensive characterization method based on wavelet analysis to investigate important characteristics of heart sounds of normal and pathologic systolic murmur human subjects. Time-scale maps yielded by wavelet transform calculation were solved using magnitude thresholding operation and centre of gravity to restrict temporal and frequency-related of valvular activities. From our experimental results, temporal and frequencyrelated parameters of S1, S2, and their components coidd be characterized precisely. Application of our method was adequate to characterize the heart sounds objectively, clearly, systematically, and comprehensively. The method was considered valuable to explain mechanisms of cardiac valves functions. We expected that the method would be helpful for clinical diagnosis as well as developing of heart sound modelling and educational purpose. Next topic of our study was addressed for classification of the heart sounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]