Association between country of birth and gastric intestinal metaplasia: a retrospective cohort studyResearch in context

Summary: Background: As a precursor to gastric cancer, gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) represents a target for surveillance. US-based guidelines recommend surveillance of racial/ethnic minorities and immigrants from high incidence gastric cancer regions, yet there is marked variability in prevalence amongst these subgroups and within groups from high incidence regions. There is a paucity of information regarding country of birth as a risk factor for GIM and we sought to determine the association between country of birth and GIM in an ethnically and racially diverse US population. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of persons who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with gastric biopsy at University of Miami Hospital between 2011 and 2021. A natural language processing (NLP) algorithm was developed and implemented to extract diagnoses of GIM and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection from endoscopic pathology reports. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate risk factors for GIM, accounting for important covariates, including country of birth. Findings: A total of 21,108 persons from 130 varying countries of birth were included in the study. A total of 1699 cases of GIM were identified yielding a prevalence of 8.0% (95% CI: 7.7–8.4%). Multivariable analysis was restricted to countries with at least 100 persons in the cohort, yielding 15 countries with 1208 cases of GIM. Country of birth (p