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Deep space optical communication (DSOC) is becoming a hot topic. Pulse position modulation (PPM) is an effective tool to realize DSOC benefiting from the feature of high sensitivity. In this paper, we analyze 2 × 1 optical PPM systems with photon-counting detectors, where the distance difference between the two links causes asynchronous superpositions at the receiving end. Two synchronization algorithms are proposed to estimate the time offsets of the two links, which are the optimal Global Maximum Likelihood Estimation (GMLE) and the suboptimal Integer Comparison - Fractional Likelihood Estimation (ICFLE). The complexities of the two methods are also compared. In order to measure the two proposed algorithms, the Cramer-Rao bounds (CRB) are derived. According to simulation results, both the two proposed algorithms approach the deduced CRBs. Furthermore, an equivalent experiment is designed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. It’s also indicated that the proposed algorithms may be utilized in practical systems.

Fast implementation is one of the important indexes of the ADBF algorithm. The advantages of the Gram-Schmidt (GS) orthogonalization algorithm are that it can reconstruct the interference subspace well under the high signal-to-noise ratio and has fast convergence speed and low computational complexity. This paper studies the RGS algorithm for GS orthogonalization of sampling covariance matrix. To estimate the interference subspace more accurately, this paper modifies the orthogonal adaptive threshold of covariance matrix, and extends the proposed GS orthogonal algorithm of covariance matrix based on data preprocessing to the adaptive beamforming processing at subarray level.

Electromagnetic and gravitational wave observations indicate that there is dearth of compact objects with mass $\sim 2.5-5~{\rm M_\odot}$. This so-called "mass gap" may be linked to the supernova explosion mechanisms that produce neutron stars (NSs) and black holes (BHs). However, the existence of a few mass-gap compact objects, some of which have been confirmed to be BHs, poses a challenge to the traditional theory of black hole formation. In this work we investigate the possible formation channel of BHs from accretion-induced collapse (AIC) of NSs in X-ray binaries. In particular, we consider the influence of super-Eddington accretion of NSs. Recent observations of ultraluminous X-ray pulsars suggest that their apparent luminosities may reflect the true accretion luminosities of the accreting NSs, even exceeding the Eddington limit by a factor of $\gtrsim 100$. Thus, NSs accreting at a super-Eddington accretion rate may rapidly grow into BHs in intermediate/low-mass X-ray binaries. Based on the super-Eddington accretion disk models, we have investigated the evolution of NSs in intermediate/low-mass X-ray binaries by combining binary population synthesis and detailed stellar evolutionary calculations. We show that super-Eddington accretion plays a critical role in mass growth of NSs, and the final masses of the descendant BHs are heavily dependent on the NS magnetic fields, the metallicity of the donor star, and the bifurcation period of the binaries. AIC of NSs may account for some of the observed mass-gap BHs like GRO J0422+32. We also present the parameter distributions of the potential mass-gap BHs in a Milky Way-like galaxy, and point out that future space-based gravitational wave observations may provide important test of or constraints on the formation of mass-gap BHs from the AIC channel., 17 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables; Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Starch is the most important component in endosperm of sorghum grain. Usually, two types of starch are present: amylose (AM) and amylopectin (AP). The levels of AM and AP contents play a significant role in the appearance, structure, and quality of sorghum grains and in marketing applications. In the present study, a panel of 634 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) accessions were evaluated for starch, AM, and AP contents of grain, which included a mini core collection of 242 accessions from the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in India, and 252 landraces and 140 cultivars from China. The average starch content was 67.64% and the average AM and AP contents were 20.19 and 79.81%, respectively. We developed a total of 260 000 high-confidence single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the panel of 634 accessions of S. bicolor using specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of starch, AM, and AM/AP of grain and SNP markers based on a mixed linear model (MLM). In total, 70 significant association signals were detected for starch, AM, and AM/AP ratio of grain with P

So far quite a few ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) pulsars have been discovered. In this work, we construct a super-Eddington, magnetic accretion disk model to estimate the dipole magnetic field of eight ULX pulsars based on their observed spin-up variations and luminosities. We obtain two branches of dipole magnetic field solutions. They are distributed in the range of $B\sim (0.16-64.5)\times 10^{10}\,{\rm G}$ and $\sim (0.275-79.0)\times 10^{13}\,{\rm G}$ corresponding to the low- and high-$B$ solutions respectively. The low magnetic field solutions correspond to the state that the neutron stars are far away from the spin equilibrium, and the high magnetic field solutions are close to the spin equilibrium. The ultra-strong magnetic fields derived in Be-type ULX pulsars imply that the accretion mode in Be-type ULX pulsars could be more complicated than in the persistent ULX pulsars and may not be accounted for by the magnetized accretion disk model. We suggest that the transition between the accretor and the propeller regimes may be used to distinguish between the low- and high-$B$ magnetic field solutions in addition to the detection of the cyclotron resonance scattering features., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures and 2 tables; Accepted for publication in RAA

As an active substance, dissolved organic matter (DOM) acts a pivotal part in heavy metals (HMs) transportation from urban forestland soil to aquatic ecosystem. In this study, the soil samples from 35 individual subareas were scientifically collected with the aid of geographical information system (GIS) technology. UV-visible (UV-vis) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM)-related parameters suggested that the DOM in urban forestland soil mainly originated from terrestrial and microbial sources. Fluorescence quenching titration associated with parallel factor (PARAFAC) modeling was applied to quantify the complexation ability of four HMs (Cu, Cd, Pb, and Ni) and DOM in urban forestland soil. One fulvic-like (C1), two humic-like (C2 and C3), and one protein-like fluorophores (C4) were identified by EEM-PARAFAC modeling. Considerable differences in fluorescence quenching curves were observed between individual organic constituents and target HMs. Among the four HMs, addition of Cu(II) ions resulted in EEM spectra quenching of each PARAFAC-decomposed organic constituent. However, relatively strong fluorescence quenching phenomena were only detected in humic-like constituents (C2 and C3) with the titration of Pb(II) and Ni(II), which revealed that these types of organic constituent were predominantly responsible for Pb(II) and Ni(II) binding in urban forestland soil-derived DOM. Furthermore, considering the resistant nature of C2 and C3 constituents along with their significant quenching effects for the four target HMs, the concentrations of humic-like constituents in urban forestland soil may be a useful parameter to evaluate the potential risk of HMs immobilization and transformation.

Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common structural deformity of the spine. Genetics constitute largely to AIS, and the rs11190870 polymorphism has the potential for use in public health and clinical settings as a predictor of AIS risk. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to provide exhaustive evidence to evaluate the association of rs11190870 with the susceptibility and severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in multiple ethnic groups and different genders. Materials and Methods The professional databases, including PubMed, Embase, Social Sciences Citation Index, CINAHL, and International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, were searched from 1966 to October 2015. No language restriction was applied. Reference lists of all the selected articles were hand-searched for any additional studies. Three authors independently extracted data from all eligible studies. The data were analyzed by meta-analysis using fixed-effects or random-effects models with mean differences and risk ratios for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. Results Eight studies were included, and the pooled analysis suggested that the T genotype of SNP rs11190870 leads to a higher risk of AIS in multiple ethnic groups regardless of gender (Total:OR, 1.66, 95% CI 1.53, 1.79; I 2 = 37.3%, P = 0.000, Female: OR, 1.62, 95% CI 1.50, 1.73; I 2 = 26.7%, P = 0.000, Male: OR, 1.79, 95% CI 1.38, 2.20; I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.000). Additionally, the TT and TC genotype had a larger Cobb angle than those with the CC genotype in the overall and female Asian populations. Conclusion A significant association of rs11190870 with AIS was observed in multiple ethnic groups regardless of gender. Additionally, a significant association was found between rs11190870 and curve severity in the overall and female Asian populations. Due to the limited data and clinical heterogeneity, further studies with large sample sizes are required.

Two coordination polymers, [Zn(5-aip)(bpy)0.5]·H2O (1), and [Ni(5-aip)(bpy)0.5(H2O)]·2H2O (2), constructed by 5-aminoisophthalic acid (5-H2aip), 4,4'-bipyridine (bpy), and corresponding ions, have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), CHN elemental analysis and UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–Vis DRS). Both 1 and 2 were built up of two-dimensional [Zn(5-aip)(bpy)0.5] and [Ni(5-aip)(bpy)0.5(H2O)] sheets, respectively. The UV–Vis DRS results revealed that the Eg values of 1 and 2 are 3.4 and 2.4 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of degradation of methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB) and MO&MB mixture over 1 and degradation of MB over 2 under UV light irradiation were investigated. The results revealed that 1 exhibited good performance to photocatalytically decompose MB, MO and MB&MO mixture, while 2 can only degrade MB efficiently.

Four coordination complexes of copper(II) and iron(II), namely [CuCl(phen)2](5-NO2-Hipa)·2H2O (BUC-10), [Cu(phen)(3,4-H2dczpb)(H2O)]·H2O (BUC-11), [Fe(phen)(L)(H2O)]2 (BUC-12), and [Fe(phen)3](3,4-H3dczpb)2·0.6H2O (BUC-13) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; 5-NO2-H2ipa = 5-nitroisophthalic acid; 3,4-H4dczpb = 3,4-dicarboxyl-(3′,4′-dicarboxylazophenyl) benzene; L = 6,12-dihydroxy-1,2,6,12-tetrahydroindazolo[2,1-a]indazole-1,7-dicarboxylic acid), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. All four complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR, elemental analysis and UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The photocatalytic performances of the complexes for decomposition of methylene blue under UV irradiation were also investigated.

The complexes [Ag4(dpe)4]·(btec) (1) and [Ag4(bpy)4]·(btec)·12H2O (2) (dpe = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene, bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine, H4btec = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid) have been synthesized in aqueous alcohol/ammonia by slow evaporation at room temperature and characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR, UV–Vis and luminescence spectroscopies. Both complexes are composed of 1D infinite cationic [Ag/dpe(bpy)] + chains and discrete btec4− anions. Their three-dimensional supramolecular structures are built up of cationic sheets formed from [Ag/dpe(bpy)] + units via weak Ag…Ag and Ag…N interactions, plus anionic btec4− sheets featuring electrostatic, π–π and hydrogen bonding interactions. Both complexes exhibited photocatalytic activity for the decomposition of methyl orange under UV light irradiation.

Three coordination complexes based on manganese, namely Mn(phen)(5-Br-ipa) (1), Mn(phen)(5-NO2-ipa) (2), and [Mn(phen)2(3,4-H2dczpb)]·H2O (3) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; 5-Br-ipa = 5-bromoisophthalic acid; 5-NO2-ipa = 5-nitroisophthalic acid; 3,4-H4dczpb = 3,4-dicarboxyl-(3′,4′-dicarboxylazophenyl)benzene), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR, elemental analysis, and UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The photocatalytic efficiencies of the complexes for the decomposition of methylene blue under UV irradiation were also investigated. These complexes show 2D sheet, 1D chain and 0D discrete structures due to the different coordination environments of the Mn(II) centers and the number of phen ligands.

Two 1D coordination polymers based on transition metals, namely [Co(4,4′-bpy)2(H2bptc)] (1) and [Ni(4,4′-bpy)(H2O)4](H2bptc)·2H2O (2) (4,4′-bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine; H4bptc = 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid), had been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, methyl orange, and rhodamine B by these complexes under UV light irradiation was investigated and shows that both complexes can catalyze each of these reactions. A possible catalytic mechanism is proposed in terms of the HOMO–LUMO gap and the associated light-induced transitions in these complexes. This was further supported by ·OH radicals trapping experiments using isopropanol as radical scavenger. Complex 1 showed no obvious decay of photocatalytic efficiency even after recycling five times, implying excellent stability and recyclability.

Two novel coordination compounds based on zinc ions, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and two similar azophenyl ligands, 3,4-dicarboxyl-(3′,4′-dicarboxylazophenyl) benzene (3,4-H4dczpb), as well as 2,3-dicarboxyl-(2′,3′-dicarboxylazophenyl)benzene (2,3-H4dczpb), namely [Zn(phen)(2,3-H2dczpb)(H2O)]·H2O (1), and [Zn2(phen)4(3,4-H2dczpb)](3,4-H4dczpb)2·2H2O (2), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), CHN elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–Vis DRS). Compound 1 was built up of one-dimensional [Zn(phen)(2,3-H2dczpb)(H2O)] chains, while compound 2 was composed of zero-dimensional discrete [Zn2(phen)4(3,4-H2dczpb)] unit and uncoordinated 3,4-H4dczpb. The UV–Vis DRS results revealed that the E g values of compounds 1 and 2 are 3.0 and 2.9 eV, respectively, implying that both 1 and 2 illustrate selective absorption in the ultraviolet region. The photocatalytic activities of degradation of methylene blue (MB) in compounds 1 and 2 under UV light irradiation were conducted, and the results revealed that both 1 and 2 can decompose MB efficiently. Finally, the TGA results exhibited 1 and 2 possess good thermal stability.

A novel 3D Zn(II)-based metal-organic framework [Zn2(odpt)(bpy)(H2O)](bpy)0.5 (1) (H4odpt = 4,4′-oxidiphthalic acid, bpy = 4,4′-bipydine) has been hydrothermally synthesized, and characterized by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–vis diffuse spectrum, and thermal gravimetric analysis. Compound 1 shows highly efficient photocatalytic activity on the degradation of individual methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO), while exhibits a preferential photocatalytic degradation of MO in the MO/MB mixture under UV light irradiation. The possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed, which was confirmed by trapping experiments of radicals via the addition isopropanol as radical scavenger, and compound 1 exhibits excellent recyclability and stability, which can achieve good degradation efficiency to MB for five runs.

Three silver-based complexes, namely [Ag2(bpa)2](Brtp)·6H2O (1), [Ag3(bpa)3](Hdcdcpb)·9H2O (2), and [Ag2(bpa)2(oa)]·2H2O (3), were synthesized via the reactions of AgNO3, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpa), and 2-bromoterephthalic acid (H2Brtp), 2,3-dicarboxyl-(2′,3′-dicarboxylazophenyl)benzene (H4dcdcpb) or 4,4′-oxybisbenzoic acid (H2oa) in aqueous alcohol/ammonia solution at room temperature. Complexes 1 and 2 consist of 1D infinite cationic [Ag(bpa)] + chains, interspersed with non-coordinated and completely deprotonated Brtp2− or partly deprotonated Hdcdcpb3− anions acting as discrete counter-ions to balance the charge. The lattice water molecules are situated among the framework of the crystal structure and show rich hydrogen-bonding interactions, while the presence of Ag…N and Ag…Ag contacts strengthens the frameworks. Complex 3 consists of 2D neutral [Ag2(bpa)2(oa)] in which the completely deprotonated oa2− units both act as bidentate ligands and as counter-ions. All three complexes exhibit luminescent properties, which can be assigned to ligand-to-metal charge transfer and Ag…Ag interactions.

Three cobalt-based coordination compounds, [Co2(phen)4(H2qptb)](H3qptb)2 (1), [Co2(phen)4(H2dczpb)2]·5H2O (2) and [Co2(phen)4(H2odpa)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (3), were obtained from mixtures of quaterphenyl-4,2″,5″,4′-tetracarboxylic acid (H4qptb), 3,4-dicarboxyl-(3′,4′-dicarboxylazophenyl) benzene (H2dczpb), 4,4′-oxydiphthalic acid (H2odpa), along with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and cobalt salts by hydrothermal synthesis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that complexes 1–3 contain [Co2(phen)4(L)] units, further joined into 3D frameworks via hydrogen-bonding interactions. All three complexes display considerable thermal stability and exhibit selective absorption in the ultraviolet region, as shown by thermogravimetric analysis and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, respectively. Complex 1 mediates efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under UV irradiation.

Four novel coordination compounds based on d10 metals, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 2,2′,3,3′-oxydiphthalic acid (2,2′,3,3′-odpt), 3,5-di(3,4-dicarboxylphenyloxy)benzoic acid (dcpb) or 1,3-(3′,4′-carboxylphenoxy)benzene (cpb), namely [Co2(phen)4(2,2′,3,3′-H2odpt)2]·14H2O (1), [Co2(phen)4(H4dcpb)2]·14H2O (2), [Cu(phen)(H3dcpb)] (3) and [Mn(phen)2(H2cpb)] (4), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by the methods of single crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR, elemental analysis and UV–Vis diffuse spectroscopy. The isostructural compounds 1 and 2 consist of discrete neutral [Co2(phen)4(L)2] (L = 2,2′,3,3′-odpt for 1 and dcpb for 2) units and lattice water molecules, forming 3D frameworks with the aid of rich hydrogen bonding interactions. Compounds 3 is built up of discrete neutral [Cu(phen)(H3dcpb)] units to construct a 3D framework via π–π stacking interactions. Compound 4 consists of 1D neutral [Mn(phen)2(H2cpb)] helix chains, further forming a 3D framework via rich hydrogen bonding interactions. The photocatalytic activities of degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) in compounds 1–4 under UV light irradiation were determined, and the results revealed that compound 4 can decompose MB and MO efficiently. The different degradation efficiencies of compounds 1–4 implied that the HOMO–LUMO gap should be utilized to describe the discrete character of the light-induced transitions in the coordination compounds.

By increasing the section thickness of a triangular flexible hinge, this study focuses on optimal selection of parameters of fillet triangle flexible hinges and flexible support. Based on Castigliano's second theorem, the flexibility expression of the fillet triangle flexible hinge was derived. Then, the case design is performed, and the comparison of three types of flexible hinges with this type of flexible hinge was carried out. The finite element models of fillet triangle flexible hinges and flexible support were built, and then the simulation results of performance parameters were calculated. Finally, the experiment platform was established to validate analysis results. The maximum error is less than 8%, which verifies the accuracy of the simulation process and equations derived; also the fundamental frequency fits the requirements of the system. The fillet triangle flexible hinge is proved to have the advantages of high precision and low flexibility.

A novel organic–inorganic hybrid compound, (4-Hap)4[Mo8O26] (4-ap = 4-aminopyridine) (1), was synthesized via a hydrothermal method, and utilized to conduct adsorptive uptake of typical organic dyes, in which some key parameters of dye adsorption were investigated. The results revealed that compound 1 demonstrated rapid adsorption of methylene blue (MB) with ultra-high efficiency and capacity, as well as achieving rapid and highly selective adsorption of MB from MB/MO (MO = methyl orange) and MB/RhB (RhB = rhodamine B) mixtures.

Five novel metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based on d 10 metals, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid (H 4 bptc), namely, [M(phen) 3 (H 3 bptc) 2 ] (M = Co ( 1 ), Ni ( 2 ), Zn ( 3 ), Cd ( 4 )) and [Mn(phen) 2 (Hbptc)]·5H 2 O ( 5 ) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. [M(phen) 3 (H 3 bptc) 2 ] consists of discrete cationic [M(phen) 3 ] 2+ and H 3 bptc − anion, forming 3D frameworks with the aid of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. While, the zigzag Mn(phen) 2 (Hbptc) chains was linked into 3D frameworks with the aid of rich hydrogen-bonding interactions. The luminescence properties and optical energy gaps of complexes 1 – 5 have been studied. In addition, complexes 2 and 5 exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance for decomposition of organic dye under UV light irradiation.

Glial scar formation is one of the major consequences of spinal cord injury, which prevents the regenerated axons passing the injured area and forming effective synaptic connection. In this paper, we used photodynamic therapy (PDT), which was mediated by the upconversion nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and photosensitizer (UCNPs-PEGM540), to reduce the glial scar formation after spinal cord injury. The in vitro experimental results indicated that cultured astrocytes could be killed by using upconversion nanoparticles after excitation with near infrared light. By transplanting UCNPs-PEG-M540 into the margin area of injured epicenter of spinal cord, the recovery of rat's hindlimb function was evaluated in Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan locomotor rating scale, respectively. The improvement in microenvironment of the injured spinal cord was also evaluated by glial fibrillary acidic protein staining, neurofiliment staining, biotinylated dextran amine anterograde tracing and western blotting. Our results demonstrated that more regenerative axons of corticospinal tract were found to surround and pass through the injured cavity to the caudal cord with transplanting UCNPs-PEG-M540 into the injured spinal cord. In conclusion, our results strongly suggested that upconversion nanoparticles combined with photodynamic therapy can promote functional recovery in rats' hindlimbs by reducing the formation of glial scar and promoting remyelination of injured axons.

In order to further enhance the bandwidth of the data communication system in theodolite, a single channel serial optical transmission system was designed based on the studying of the 10BASE-X Gigabit Ethernet physical layer technology which meets the IEEE standard. The conversion between the 64-bit 156.25MHz TTL signals and the 4 channel 3.125Gbps PCML differential signals is carried out by FPGA; The whole design of the PMD is realized by using Xenpak optical module. Its duty is responsible for converting 4-channel parallel 3.125Gbps data stream into a serial 10.3126Gbps data stream, and sending out it in the form of light signals. The experimental results show that data transmission capacity was achieved a 10Gbps in the single-channel optical transmission system. It can conduct short distance transmission. The system delay is about 311ns. The bit error rates no more than 10−12, which satisfies the system demand.

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a frequent complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used as routine prophylaxis for HO after THA. However, the efficacy of NSAIDs on HO, particularly selective NSAIDs versus nonselective NSAIDs, is uncertain. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomized controlled trials with respect to HO after THA. Two reviewers extracted the data and estimated the risk of bias. For the ordered data, we followed the Bayesian framework to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% credible interval (CrI). For the dichotomous data, the OR and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Stata version 12.0. The subgroup analyses and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach were used. A total of 1856 articles were identified, and 21 studies (5995 patients) were included. In the NSAIDs versus placebo analysis, NSAIDs could decrease the incidence of HO, according to the Brooker scale (OR = 2.786, 95% CrI 1.879–3.993) and Delee scale (OR = 9.987, 95% CrI 5.592–16.17). In the selective NSAIDs versus nonselective NSAIDs analysis, there was no significant difference (OR = 0.7989, 95% CrI 0.5506–1.125) in the prevention of HO. NSAIDs could increase discontinuation caused by gastrointestinal side effects (DGSE) (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.00–1.63, P = 0.046) more than a placebo. Selective NSAIDs could decrease DGSE (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.97, P = 0.042) compared with the nonselective NSAIDs. There was no significant difference with respect to discontinuation caused by nongastrointestinal side effects (DNGSE) in NSAIDs versus a placebo (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.88–1.53, P = 0.297) and in selective NSAIDs versus nonselective NSAIDs (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.50–1.37, P = 0.462). NSAIDs might reduce the incidence of HO and increase DGSE in the short-term.