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As the total mileage of the pipeline and the years of operation are increasing, the threat of landslide and corrosion defects to the safety of pipeline operation is also increasing. In this paper, based on the nonlinear elastoplastic theory, a pipe-soil coupling model is established to determine the maximum stress location of the pipeline containing corrosion defects under the action of landslide, on the basis of this location, the internal pressure of pipeline operation and the factors such as landslide width and landslide displacement are analyzed. Through multivariate linear regression, the equation of the maximum stress of the pipeline with the change of landslide width and displacement is fitted. The results show that in the landslide area, the operating pressure has less influence on the safety of the pipeline and the existence of corrosion defects will lead to sudden stress changes here, which will lead to the perforation of the pipeline; with the increase of the landslide width and landslide displacement, the plastic deformation area will appear in the middle of the pipeline, which means that the pipeline in this area is prone to bending, rupture and flattening and other failures, and the safety of the pipeline has a greater risk. In the non-slippery area, the maximum stress of the pipeline will increase with the increase of operating pressure, landslide width, and landslide displacement. Through multiple linear regression, the correlation coefficients of fitting the maximum stress of the pipeline with the expressions of landslide width and displacement are 0.959 and 0.996 respectively to prove the reliability of the formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we use a classical variety-expanding growth model to analyze the policy or institutional-arrangement choice for the Southern government who faces the tradeoff between imitating Northern innovation without cost and encouraging domestic innovation. We assume that the Southern government fully respects the principle of non-discrimination and hence treats both imitations, i.e., imitation of Northern innovation and imitation of domestic innovation, equally. For a given state of the economy, we explicitly and uniquely establish an optimal degree of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection for the South. Then, we find that there is a complementary relationship between optimal IPR protection and the innovation subsidy policy, which implies that they form an effective policy mix, hence offering a useful insight for avoiding ineffective policy conflicts widely occurred in real-world economies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Taking a L-CNG filling station as an example, combining the safety standards of L-CNG industry, 13 major safety influence factors were considered from personnel, equipment, and environment aspects of L-CNG filling station by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The evaluation index and weight sets calculation method were determined, the safety evaluation system of L-CNG filling station was set up, and the evaluation score was obtained by calculation in order to achieve the purpose of risk identification. The analysis of calculation results showed that fuzzy comprehensive method in the application of L-CNG filling station risk assessment was feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four benzoindolenine-based squaraine dyes (SQs), which have the advantages of intense visible and near-infrared (NIR) absorption and emission ( λ abs/max 663-695 nm, λ em/max 686-730 nm) were synthesized and characterized by UV-vis absorption, fluorescent emission spectrophotometry, FTIR, NMR and HRMS analysis. Among them, BBSQ showed excellent performance, which exhibited high selectivity to Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , and Hg 2+ in acetonitrile solution even in the presence of other competitive metal ions, accompanied by obvious color change easily detected by the naked eye. The detection limit was 14.17 μM for Fe 3+ and 6.06 μM for Cu 2+ . Most importantly, the response mechanism of BBSQ to Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , and Hg 2+ involves the coordination of BBSQ and metal ions through the O atom on the central squarate ring, N atom, and olefin π bond of BBSQ and has been demonstrated by Job's plot, FTIR, and 1 H NMR titration analyses. Furthermore, BBSQ was applied successfully to detect Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , and Hg 2+ in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates with good precision and is quite promising for the quantitative detection of Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ ions in water samples., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)