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A total of five compounds, namely lupeol (1), β-amyrin (2), stigmasterol (3), β-sitosterol (4) and 7,3'-dimethoxyluteolin (5) were isolated from a methanol extract of Albizia chinensis stem bark. The structures of the isolated compounds were established using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic studies, as well as using comparative thin layer chromatography (co-TLC) with standards. The methanol extract of the A. chinensis stem bark and its n-hexane-, carbon tetrachloride-, chloroform- and aqueous-soluble partitionates were evaluated for antioxidant activity with 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and phosphomolybdenum total antioxidant assays, where butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid were used as standards. The carbon tetrachloride-soluble fraction contained a moderate amount of phenolic compounds (60.76 ± 0.45 mg of GAE/g of extract) and it exhibited significant free radical-scavenging activity (IC50 10.21 ± 0.84 μg ml-1). A positive correlation was observed between the total phenolic content and the total antioxidant capacity of A. chinensis. The general toxicity was determined using a brine shrimp lethality bioassay, where the carbon tetrachloride (LC50 0.608 ± 0.19 μg ml-1) and hexane (LC50 0.785 ± 0.26 μg ml-1) soluble partitionates had considerable bioactive properties. The crude extract and its chloroform- and aqueous-soluble fractions displayed significant antimicrobial activity against eighteen microorganisms with inhibition zones ranging from 7.0 mm to 26.0 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerogels are unique and extremely porous substances with fascinating characteristics such as ultra-low density, extraordinary surface area, and excellent thermal insulation capabilities. Due to their exceptional features, aerogels have attracted significant interest from various fields, including energy, environment, aerospace, and biomedical engineering. This review paper presents an overview of the trailblazing research on aerogels, aiming at their preparation, characterization, and applications. Various methods of aerogel synthesis, such as sol-gel, supercritical drying, are discussed. Additionally, recent progress in the characterization of aerogel structures, including their morphology, porosity, and thermal properties, are extensively reviewed. Finally, aerogel's utilizations in numerous disciplines, for instance, energy storage, thermal insulation, catalysis, environmental remedy, and biomedical applications, are summarized. This review paper provides a comprehensive understanding of aerogels and their prospective uses in diverse fields, highlighting their unique properties for future research and development., Competing Interests: Please check the following as appropriate.•All authors have participated in (a) conception and design, or analysis and interpretation of the data; (b) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and (c) approval of the final version.•This manuscript has not been submitted to, nor is under review at, another journal or other publishing venue.•The authors have no affiliation with any organization with a direct or indirect financial interest in the subject matter discussed in the manuscript•The following authors have affiliations with organizations with direct or indirect financial interest in the subject matter discussed in the manuscript:, (© 2023 The Authors.)

Unsatisfied kinetochore-microtubule attachment activates the spindle assembly checkpoint to inhibit the metaphase-anaphase transition. However, some cells eventually override mitotic arrest by mitotic slippage. Here, we show that inactivation of TORC1 kinase elicits mitotic slippage in budding yeast and human cells. Yeast mitotic slippage was accompanied with aberrant aspects, such as degradation of the nucleolar protein Net1, release of phosphatase Cdc14, and anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)-Cdh1-dependent degradation of securin and cyclin B in metaphase. This mitotic slippage caused chromosome instability. In human cells, mammalian TORC1 (mTORC1) inactivation also invoked mitotic slippage, indicating that TORC1 inactivation-induced mitotic slippage is conserved from yeast to mammalian cells. However, the invoked mitotic slippage in human cells was not dependent on APC/C-Cdh1. This study revealed an unexpected involvement of TORC1 in mitosis and provides information on undesirable side effects of the use of TORC1 inhibitors as immunosuppressants and anti-tumor drugs., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2021.)