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201 results on '"Shantanu, Sengupta"'

1. Treatment optimisation for blood pressure with single-pill combinations in India (TOPSPIN) – Protocol design and baseline characteristics

Author

Gaia Kiru, Ambuj Roy, Dimple Kondal, Ambalam M. Chandrasekaran, Somnath Mukherjee, Bishav Mohan, Kavita Singh, Hyndavi Salwa, Edmin Christa, Ameeka Shereen Lobo, Gayatri Mahajan, Aman Khanna, Amit Malviya, Satish G. Patil, Vinod K. Abichandani, Bhupinder Singh, Bal Kishan Gupta, Balsubramaiam Yellapantula, Dandge Shailendra, Shantanu Sengupta, Sunil Kumar, Neil Bardoloi, Mallika Khanna, Animesh Mishra, Kiran Aithal, Vipul Chavda, Victoria R. Cornelius, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, and Neil Poulter

Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: The burden of over 300 million individuals living with hypertension in India is increasing steadily. Most current guidelines recommend initial combination therapy for effective blood pressure (BP) control. However, there is no randomised evidence to inform which combinations to use in the South Asian population, who account for over one-quarter of the world's population. Methods: This multi-centre, single-blind, randomised, three-arm trial recruited men and women aged 30–79 years with hypertension. The trial compares the efficacy of commonly recommended single pill combinations (SPCs) of three drug classes – calcium channel blocker (amlodipine), ACE inhibitor (perindopril), and a thiazide-like diuretic (indapamide). The primary objective is to determine the most effective two-drug combination, initially at starting doses with forced up-titration at 2 months, in reducing 24-h ambulatory systolic blood pressure (ASBP) at 6 months. The trial has 85 % power to detect a difference of 3 mmHg in 24-h ASBP amongst the groups.Participant recruitment took place from August 2022 to February 2024. Baseline results: The 1981 participants (42.0 % women) enrolled had a mean age of 52.1 (SD 11.3) years and a mean body mass index of 26.5 (SD 4.2) kg/m2. 58.1 % of participants had a previous diagnosis of hypertension and 18.6 % of participants were known to diabetes. The mean ASBP was 135.6 (SD 17.0) mmHg, and the mean ambulatory diastolic BP was 84.5 (SD 10.9) mmHg. Conclusion: The TOPSPIN trial is the first randomised evaluation of commonly used BP-lowering combination therapies in a South Asian population. The results have potentially significant implications for choosing first-line antihypertensive agents among Indians and the South Asian diaspora.

Published
2024
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2. Urinary Apolipoprotein A1 and Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

Author

Suresh Murugesan, Abhijeet Saha, Bobbity Deepthi, Manpreet Kaur, Trayambak Basak, Shantanu Sengupta, Vineeta Batra, and Ashish Dutt Upadhyay

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Urinary biomarkers are a promising diagnostic modality whose role was explored in nephrotic syndrome (NS). We estimated urinary apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in children with first-episode NS (FENS) and controls with a longitudinal follow-up to see the serial changes during remission. The study groups comprised 35 children with FENS and an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls. Patients were followed up at regular intervals, and 32 patients were classified as having steroid-sensitive NS (SSNS) and 3 as having steroid-resistant NS (SRNS). The mean follow-up period was 8.7 ± 4.2 months. Three patients in the SSNS group were labeled as having frequent relapses or steroid-dependent disease during follow-up. Of the three children with SRNS, two had minimal changes in the disease and one had idiopathic membranous nephropathy. The levels of Apo A1:creatinine, NGAL:creatinine, and spot urinary protein:urinary creatinine ratios were significantly higher in children with FENS compared with controls. The levels of the urine biomarkers decreased significantly at subsequent follow-up with remission. The Apo A1 and NGAL levels in SSNS patients were significantly high compared with both the controls and FENS patients. Urinary Apo A1 levels in SRNS patients were lower at initial presentation. This longitudinal study revealed changes in the urinary Apo A1 and NGAL in NS over the course of the disease.

Published
2023
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4. Clinical Trial Subgroup Analyses to Investigate Clinical and Immunological Outcomes of Convalescent Plasma Therapy in Severe COVID-19

Author

Deblina Raychaudhuri, PhD, Purbita Bandopadhyay, MS, Ranit D’Rozario, MS, Jafar Sarif, MS, Yogiraj Ray, MBBS, MD, DM, Shekhar Ranjan Paul, MBBS, DTCD, Praveen Singh, MS, Kausik Chaudhuri, MBBS, MD, Ritwik Bhaduri, MS, Rajesh Pandey, PhD, Prasun Bhattacharya, MBBS, MD, Shantanu Sengupta, PhD, Shilpak Chatterjee, PhD, and Dipyaman Ganguly, MBBS, PhD

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Objective: To assess the clinical and immunological benefits of passive immunization using convalescent plasma therapy (CPT). Materials and Methods: A series of subclass analyses were performed on the previously published outcome data and accompanying clinical metadata from a completed randomized controlled trial (RCT) (Clinical Trial Registry of India, number CTRI/2020/05/025209). The subclass analyses were performed on the outcome data and accompanying clinical metadata from a completed RCT (patient recruitment between May 15, 2020 and October 31, 2020). Data on the plasma abundance of a large panel of cytokines from the same cohort of patients were also used to characterize the heterogeneity of the putative anti-inflammatory function of convalescent plasma (CP) in addition to passively providing neutralizing antibodies. Results: Although the primary clinical outcomes were not significantly different in the RCT across all age groups, significant immediate mitigation of hypoxia, reduction in hospital stay, and significant survival benefit were registered in younger (

Published
2022
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5. Efferocytes release extracellular vesicles to resolve inflammation and tissue injury via prosaposin-GPR37 signaling

Author

Purbasha Bhattacharya, Umesh Kumar Dhawan, Mohammed Tayab Hussain, Praveen Singh, Karran Kiran Bhagat, Aarushi Singhal, Shani Austin-Williams, Shantanu Sengupta, and Manikandan Subramanian

Subjects
CP: Immunology, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Summary: Macrophages release soluble mediators following efferocytic clearance of apoptotic cells to facilitate intercellular communication and promote the resolution of inflammation. However, whether inflammation resolution is modulated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) and vesicular mediators released by efferocytes is not known. We report that efferocyte-derived EVs express prosaposin, which binds to macrophage GPR37 to increase expression of the efferocytosis receptor Tim4 via an ERK-AP1-dependent signaling axis, leading to increased macrophage efferocytosis efficiency and accelerated resolution of inflammation. Neutralization and knockdown of prosaposin or blocking GRP37 abrogates the pro-resolution effects of efferocyte-derived EVs in vivo. Administration of efferocyte-derived EVs in a murine model of atherosclerosis is associated with an increase in lesional macrophage efferocytosis efficiency and a decrease in plaque necrosis and lesional inflammation. Thus, we establish a critical role for efferocyte-derived vesicular mediators in increasing macrophage efferocytosis efficiency and accelerating the resolution of inflammation and tissue injury.

Published
2023
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6. High failure rate of ChAdOx1-nCoV19 immunization against asymptomatic infection in healthcare workers during a Delta variant surge

Author

Rajat Ujjainiya, Akansha Tyagi, Viren Sardana, Salwa Naushin, Nitin Bhatheja, Kartik Kumar, Joydeb Barman, Satyartha Prakash, Rintu Kutum, Akash Kumar Bhaskar, Prateek Singh, Kumardeep Chaudhary, Menka Loomba, Yukti Khanna, Chestha Walecha, Rizwan Ahmed, Ashutosh Yadav, Archana Bajaj, Gaurav Malik, Sahar Qureshi, Swati Waghdhare, Samreen Siddiqui, Kamal Krishan Trehan, Manju Mani, Rajiv Dang, Poonam Das, Pankaj Dougall, Monica Mahajan, Sudipta Sonar, Kamini Jakhar, Reema Kumar, Mahima Tiwari, Shailendra Mani, Sankar Bhattacharyya, Sandeep Budhiraja, Anurag Agrawal, Debasis Dash, Sujeet Jha, and Shantanu Sengupta

Subjects
Science
Abstract

The authors study a cohort of healthcare workers in India who received two doses of the ChAdOx-1-nCoV19 vaccine during the Delta wave. Using serological data, they infer that 25% of the cohort were infected within 60 days of vaccination, although there were no severe infections leading to hospitalisations.

Published
2022
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7. A phase 2 single center open label randomised control trial for convalescent plasma therapy in patients with severe COVID-19

Author

Yogiraj Ray, Shekhar Ranjan Paul, Purbita Bandopadhyay, Ranit D’Rozario, Jafar Sarif, Deblina Raychaudhuri, Debaleena Bhowmik, Abhishake Lahiri, Janani Srinivasa Vasudevan, Ranjeet Maurya, Akshay Kanakan, Sachin Sharma, Manish Kumar, Praveen Singh, Rammohan Roy, Kausik Chaudhury, Rajsekhar Maiti, Saugata Bagchi, Ayan Maiti, Md. Masoom Perwez, Abhinandan Mondal, Avinash Tewari, Samik Mandal, Arpan Roy, Moumita Saha, Durba Biswas, Chikam Maiti, Ritwik Bhaduri, Sayantan Chakraborty, Biswanath Sharma Sarkar, Anima Haldar, Bibhuti Saha, Shantanu Sengupta, Rajesh Pandey, Shilpak Chatterjee, Prasun Bhattacharya, Sandip Paul, and Dipyaman Ganguly

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) is used to treat patients with Covid-19, but evidence for clinical benefit from clinical trials is divergent. Here the authors report in that CPT treatment does not affect mortality in patients with severe Covid-19 in phase 2 single center open label randomised controlled trial.

Published
2022
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8. Clinical and demographic profile of diabetic patients from Central India - Results from diabetes registry

Author

Shailesh Pitale, Anagha Sahasrabuddhe, Pramod Gandhi, Prashant Joshi, Ajay Sakhare, Nikhil Balankhe, Shankar Khobragade, Shantanu Sengupta, Sunil Ambulkar, Mukund Ganeriwal, Jayashri Shembalkar, and Sanjay Naidu

Subjects
cvd, diabetes, hb1ac, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

Objective: This study was done to analyse the demographic profile and presentation of diabetes in Central India. Design: Data was collected for this cross-sectional study from an electronic diabetes registry from 2014 to 2019. Demographic details, patient history and presence or absence of co-morbid conditions, duration of diabetes, age of onset of diabetes, drug history, personal history, presence of micro and/or macrovascular complications and investigations done were obtained. Statistical Analysis: The association between each factor and the outcome was studied in terms of prevalence ratio (PR) using the R-3.0.0 programming (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) language. Statistical significance was evaluated at a 5% level. Results: Among 12,434 patients, 54.95% were below 50 years and 45.05% were above 50 years. 50.21% were females and 49.79% were males. The mean age was 47.49 ± 14.78 years and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.85 ± 5.19 kg/m2 with 62.29% of obese patients (>25 kg/m2). The mean overall duration of diabetes was 7.64 ± 7.63 years. Mean Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients 25 kg/m2 (P < 0.0001) and 3.643 times higher in hypertensive cases (P < 0.0001). Similar associations were observed with nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. Conclusion: From a large population study on diabetes, it was found a majority of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases (65%) are sub-optimally controlled with HbA1c levels. Also, microvascular complications were related to the sub-optimal glycaemic control, but not the macro-vascular complications.

Published
2022
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9. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cardiovascular Testing in Asia

Author

Takashi Kudo, MD, PhD, Ryan Lahey, MD, PhD, Cole B. Hirschfeld, MD, Michelle C. Williams, MBChB, PhD, Bin Lu, MD, PhD, Mirvat Alasnag, MD, Mona Bhatia, MD, Hee-Seung Henry Bom, MD, PhD, Tairkhan Dautov, MD, Reza Fazel, MD, MSc, Ganesan Karthikeyan, MD, Felix Y.J. Keng, MBBS, Ronen Rubinshtein, MD, Nathan Better, MBBS, Rodrigo Julio Cerci, MD, Sharmila Dorbala, MD, MPH, Paolo Raggi, MD, Leslee J. Shaw, PhD, Todd C. Villines, MD, João V. Vitola, MD, PhD, Andrew D. Choi, MD, Eli Malkovskiy, Benjamin Goebel, BS, Yosef A. Cohen, BA, Michael Randazzo, MD, Thomas N.B. Pascual, MD, Yaroslav Pynda, MSc, Maurizio Dondi, MD, PhD, Diana Paez, MD, MEd, Andrew J. Einstein, MD, PhD, Andrew J. Einstein, Diana Paez, Maurizio Dondi, Nathan Better, Rodrigo Cerci, Sharmila Dorbala, Thomas N.B. Pascual, Paolo Raggi, Leslee J. Shaw, Todd C. Villines, Joao V. Vitola, Michelle C. Williams, Yaroslav Pynda, Gerd Hinterleitner, Yao Lu, Olga Morozova, Zhuoran Xu, Cole B. Hirschfeld, Yosef Cohen, Benjamin Goebel, Michael Randazzo, Andrew Choi, Juan Lopez-Mattei, Purvi Parwani, Mohammad Nawaz Nasery, Artan Goda, Ervina Shirka, Rabie Benlabgaa, Salah Bouyoucef, Abdelkader Medjahedi, Qais Nailli, Mariela Agolti, Roberto Nicolas Aguero, Maria del Carmen Alak, Lucia Graciela Alberguina, Guillermo Arroñada, Andrea Astesiano, Alfredo Astesiano, Carolina Bas Norton, Pablo Benteo, Juan Blanco, Juan Manuel Bonelli, Jose Javier Bustos, Raul Cabrejas, Jorge Cachero, Roxana Campisi, Alejandro Canderoli, Silvia Carames, Patrícia Carrascosa, Ricardo Castro, Oscar Cendoya, Luciano Martin Cognigni, Carlos Collaud, Claudia Cortes, Javier Courtis, Daniel Cragnolino, Mariana Daicz, Alejandro De La Vega, Silvia Teresa De Maria, Horacio Del Riego, Fernando Dettori, Alejandro Deviggiano, Laura Dragonetti, Mario Embon, Ruben Emilio Enriquez, Jorge Ensinas, Fernando Faccio, Adolfo Facello, Diego Garofalo, Ricardo Geronazzo, Natalia Gonza, Lucas Gutierrez, Miguel Angel Guzzo, Victor Hasbani, Melina Huerin, Victor Jäger, Julio Manuel Lewkowicz, Maria Nieves A. López De Munaín, Jose Maria Lotti, Alejandra Marquez, Osvaldo Masoli, Osvaldo Horacio Masoli, Edgardo Mastrovito, Matias Mayoraz, Graciela Eva Melado, Anibal Mele, Maria Fernanda Merani, Alejandro Horacio Meretta, Susana Molteni, Marcos Montecinos, Eduardo Noguera, Carlos Novoa, Claudio Pereyra Sueldo, Sebastian Perez Ascani, Pablo Pollono, Maria Paula Pujol, Alejandro Radzinschi, Gustavo Raimondi, Marcela Redruello, Marina Rodríguez, Matías Rodríguez, Romina Lorena Romero, Arturo Romero Acuña, Federico Rovaletti, Lucas San Miguel, Lucrecia Solari, Bruno Strada, Sonia Traverso, Sonia Simona Traverzo, Maria del Huerto Velazquez Espeche, Juan Sebastian Weihmuller, Juan Wolcan, Susana Zeffiro, Mari Sakanyan, Scott Beuzeville, Raef Boktor, Patrick Butler, Jennifer Calcott, Loretta Carr, Virgil Chan, Charles Chao, Woon Chong, Mark Dobson, D'Arne Downie, Girish Dwivedi, Barry Elison, Jean Engela, Roslyn Francis, Anand Gaikwad, Ashok Gangasandra Basavaraj, Bruce Goodwin, Robert Greenough, Christian Hamilton-Craig, Victar Hsieh, Subodh Joshi, Karin Lederer, Kenneth Lee, Joseph Lee, John Magnussen, Nghi Mai, Gordon Mander, Fiona Murton, Dee Nandurkar, Johanne Neill, Edward O'Rourke, Patricia O'Sullivan, George Pandos, Kunthi Pathmaraj, Alexander Pitman, Rohan Poulter, Manuja Premaratne, David Prior, Lloyd Ridley, Natalie Rutherford, Hamid Salehi, Connor Saunders, Luke Scarlett, Sujith Seneviratne, Deepa Shetty, Ganesh Shrestha, Jonathan Shulman, Vijay Solanki, Tony Stanton, Murch Stuart, Michael Stubbs, Ian Swainson, Kim Taubman, Andrew Taylor, Paul Thomas, Steven Unger, Anthony Upton, Shankar Vamadevan, William Van Gaal, Johan Verjans, Demetrius Voutnis, Victor Wayne, Peter Wilson, David Wong, Kirby Wong, John Younger, Gudrun Feuchtner, Siroos Mirzaei, Konrad Weiss, Natallia Maroz-Vadalazhskaya, Olivier Gheysens, Filip Homans, Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes, Agnès Pasquet, Veronique Roelants, Caroline M. Van De Heyning, Raúl Araujo Ríos, Valentina Soldat-Stankovic, Sinisa Stankovic, Maria Helena Albernaz Siqueira, Augusto Almeida, Paulo Henrique Alves Togni, Jose Henrique Andrade, Luciana Andrade, Carlos Anselmi, Roberta Araújo, Guilherme Azevedo, Sabbrina Bezerra, Rodrigo Biancardi, Gabriel Blacher Grossman, Simone Brandão, Diego Bromfman Pianta, Lara Carreira, Bruno Castro, Tien Chang, Fernando Cunali, Jr., Roberto Cury, Roberto Dantas, Fernando de Amorim Fernandes, Andrea De Lorenzo, Robson De Macedo Filho, Fernanda Erthal, Fabio Fernandes, Juliano Fernandes, Thiago Ferreira De Souza, Wilson Furlan Alves, Bruno Ghini, Luiz Goncalves, Ilan Gottlieb, Marcelo Hadlich, Vinícius Kameoka, Ronaldo Lima, Adna Lima, Rafael Willain Lopes, Ricardo Machado e Silva, Tiago Magalhães, Fábio Martins Silva, Luiz Eduardo Mastrocola, Fábio Medeiros, José Claudio Meneghetti, Vania Naue, Danilo Naves, Roberto Nolasco, Cesar Nomura, Joao Bruno Oliveira, Eduardo Paixao, Filipe Penna De Carvalho, Ibraim Pinto, Priscila Possetti, Mayra Quinta, Rodrigo Rizzo Nogueira Ramos, Ricardo Rocha, Alfredo Rodrigues, Carlos Rodrigues, Leila Romantini, Adelina Sanches, Sara Santana, Leonardo Sara da Silva, Paulo Schvartzman, Cristina Sebastião Matushita, Tiago Senra, Afonso Shiozaki, Maria Eduarda Menezes de Siqueira, Cristiano Siqueira, Paola Smanio, Carlos Eduardo Soares, José Soares Junior, Marcio Sommer Bittencourt, Bernardo Spiro, Cláudio Tinoco Mesquita, Jorge Torreao, Rafael Torres, Marly Uellendahl, Guilherme Urpia Monte, Otávia Veríssimo, Estevan Vieira Cabeda, Felipe Villela Pedras, Roberto Waltrick, Marcello Zapparoli, Hamid Naseer, Marina Garcheva-Tsacheva, Irena Kostadinova, Youdaline Theng, Gad Abikhzer, Rene Barette, Benjamin Chow, Dominique Dabreo, Matthias Friedrich, Ria Garg, Mohammed Nassoh Hafez, Chris Johnson, Marla Kiess, Jonathon Leipsic, Eugene Leung, Robert Miller, Anastasia Oikonomou, Stephan Probst, Idan Roifman, Gary Small, Vikas Tandon, Adwait Trivedi, James White, Katherine Zukotynski, Jose Canessa, Gabriel Castro Muñoz, Carmen Concha, Pablo Hidalgo, Cesar Lovera, Teresa Massardo, Luis Salazar Vargas, Pedro Abad, Harold Arturo, Sandra Ayala, Luis Benitez, Alberto Cadena, Carlos Caicedo, Antonio Calderón Moncayo, Sharon Gomez, Claudia T. Gutierrez Villamil, Claudia Jaimes, Juan Londoño, Juan Luis Londoño Blair, Luz Pabon, Mauricio Pineda, Juan Carlos Rojas, Diego Ruiz, Manuel Valencia Escobar, Andres Vasquez, Damiana Vergel, Alejandro Zuluaga, Isabel Berrocal Gamboa, Gabriel Castro, Ulises González, Ana Baric, Tonci Batinic, Maja Franceschi, Maja Hrabak Paar, Mladen Jukic, Petar Medakovic, Viktor Persic, Marina Prpic, Ante Punda, Juan Felipe Batista, Juan Manuel Gómez Lauchy, Yamile Marcos Gutierrez, Rayner Menéndez, Amalia Peix, Luis Rochela, Christoforos Panagidis, Ioannis Petrou, Vaclav Engelmann, Milan Kaminek, Vladimír Kincl, Otto Lang, Milan Simanek, Jawdat Abdulla, Morten Bøttcher, Mette Christensen, Lars Christian Gormsen, Philip Hasbak, Søren Hess, Paw Holdgaard, Allan Johansen, Kasper Kyhl, Bjarne Linde Norgaard, Kristian Altern Øvrehus, Niels Peter Rønnow Sand, Rolf Steffensen, Anders Thomassen, Bo Zerahn, Alfredo Perez, Giovanni Alejandro Escorza Velez, Mayra Sanchez Velez, Islam Shawky Abdel Aziz, Mahasen Abougabal, Taghreed Ahmed, Adel Allam, Ahmed Asfour, Mona Hassan, Alia Hassan, Ahmed Ibrahim, Sameh Kaffas, Ahmed Kandeel, Mohamed Mandour Ali, Ahmad Mansy, Hany Maurice, Sherif Nabil, Mahmoud Shaaban, Ana Camila Flores, Anne Poksi, Juhani Knuuti, Velipekka Kokkonen, Martti Larikka, Valtteri Uusitalo, Matthieu Bailly, Samuel Burg, Jean-François Deux, Vincent Habouzit, Fabien Hyafil, Olivier Lairez, Franck Proffit, Hamza Regaieg, Laure Sarda-Mantel, Vania Tacher, Roman P. Schneider, Harold Ayetey, George Angelidis, Aikaterini Archontaki, Sofia Chatziioannou, Ioannis Datseris, Christina Fragkaki, Panagiotis Georgoulias, Sophia Koukouraki, Maria Koutelou, Eleni Kyrozi, Evangelos Repasos, Petros Stavrou, Pipitsa Valsamaki, Carla Gonzalez, Goleat Gutierrez, Alejandro Maldonado, Klara Buga, Ildiko Garai, Pál Maurovich-Horvat, Erzsébet Schmidt, Balint Szilveszter, Edit Várady, Nilesh Banthia, Jinendra Kumar Bhagat, Rishi Bhargava, Vivek Bhat, Mona Bhatia, Partha Choudhury, Vijay Sai Chowdekar, Aparna Irodi, Shashank Jain, Elizabeth Joseph, Sukriti Kumar, Prof Dr Girijanandan Mahapatra, Deepanjan Mitra, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Ahmad Ozair, Chetan Patel, Tapan Patel, Ravi Patel, Shivani Patel, Sudhir Saxena, Shantanu Sengupta, Santosh Singh, Bhanupriya Singh, Ashwani Sood, Atul Verma, Erwin Affandi, Padma Savenadia Alam, Edison Edison, Gani Gunawan, Habusari Hapkido, Basuki Hidayat, Aulia Huda, Anggoro Praja Mukti, Djoko Prawiro, Erwin Affandi Soeriadi, Hilman Syawaluddin, Amjed Albadr, Majid Assadi, Farshad Emami, Golnaz Houshmand, Majid Maleki, Maryam Tajik Rostami, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Eed Abu Zaid, Svetlana Agranovich, Yoav Arnson, Rachel Bar-Shalom, Alex Frenkel, Galit Knafo, Rachel Lugassi, Israel Shlomo Maor Moalem, Maya Mor, Noam Muskal, Sara Ranser, Aryeh Shalev, Domenico Albano, Pierpaolo Alongi, Gaspare Arnone, Elisa Bagatin, Sergio Baldari, Matteo Bauckneht, Paolo Bertelli, Francesco Bianco, Rachele Bonfiglioli, Roberto Boni, Andrea Bruno, Isabella Bruno, Elena Busnardo, Elena Califaretti, Luca Camoni, Aldo Carnevale, Roberta Casoni, Armando Ugo Cavallo, Giorgio Cavenaghi, Franca Chierichetti, Marcello Chiocchi, Corrado Cittanti, Mauro Colletta, Umberto Conti, Alberto Cossu, Alberto Cuocolo, Marco Cuzzocrea, Maria Luisa De Rimini, Giuseppe De Vincentis, Eleonora Del Giudice, Alberico Del Torto, Veronica Della Tommasina, Rexhep Durmo, Paola Anna Erba, Laura Evangelista, Riccardo Faletti, Evelina Faragasso, Mohsen Farsad, Paola Ferro, Luigia Florimonte, Viviana Frantellizzi, Fabio Massimo Fringuelli, Marco Gatti, Angela Gaudiano, Alessia Gimelli, Raffaele Giubbini, Francesca Giuffrida, Salvatore Ialuna, Riccardo Laudicella, Lucia Leccisotti, Lucia Leva, Riccardo Liga, Carlo Liguori, Giampiero Longo, Margherita Maffione, Maria Elisabetta Mancini, Claudio Marcassa, Elisa Milan, Barbara Nardi, Sara Pacella, Giovanna Pepe, Gianluca Pontone, Sabina Pulizzi, Natale Quartuccio, Lucia Rampin, Fabrizio Ricci, Pierluigi Rossini, Giuseppe Rubini, Vincenzo Russo, Gian Mauro Sacchetti, Gianmario Sambuceti, Massimo Scarano, Roberto Sciagrà, Massimiliano Sperandio, Antonella Stefanelli, Guido Ventroni, Stefania Zoboli, Dainia Baugh, Duane Chambers, Ernest Madu, Felix Nunura, Hiroshi Asano, Chimura Misato Chimura, Shinichiro Fujimoto, Koichiro Fujisue, Tomohisa Fukunaga, Yoshimitsu Fukushima, Kae Fukuyama, Jun Hashimoto, Yasutaka Ichikawa, Nobuo Iguchi, Masamichi Imai, Anri Inaki, Hayato Ishimura, Satoshi Isobe, Toshiaki Kadokami, Takao Kato, Takashi Kudo, Shinichiro Kumita, Hirotaka Maruno, Hiroyuki Mataki, Masao Miyagawa, Ryota Morimoto, Masao Moroi, Shigeki Nagamachi, Kenichi Nakajima, Tomoaki Nakata, Ryo Nakazato, Mamoru Nanasato, Masanao Naya, Takashi Norikane, Yasutoshi Ohta, Satoshi Okayama, Atsutaka Okizaki, Yoichi Otomi, Hideki Otsuka, Masaki Saito, Sakata Yasushi Sakata, Masayoshi Sarai, Daisuke Sato, Shinya Shiraishi, Yoshinobu Suwa, Kentaro Takanami, Kazuya Takehana, Junichi Taki, Nagara Tamaki, Yasuyo Taniguchi, Hiroki Teragawa, Nobuo Tomizawa, Kenichi Tsujita, Kyoko Umeji, Yasushi Wakabayashi, Shinichiro Yamada, Shinya Yamazaki, Tatsuya Yoneyama, Mohammad Rawashdeh, Daultai Batyrkhanov, Tairkhan Dautov, Khalid Makhdomi, Kevin Ombati, Faridah Alkandari, Masoud Garashi, Tchoyoson Lim Coie, Sonexay Rajvong, Artem Kalinin, Marika Kalnina, Mohamad Haidar, Renata Komiagiene, Giedre Kviecinskiene, Mindaugas Mataciunas, Donatas Vajauskas, Christian Picard, Noor Khairiah A. Karim, Luise Reichmuth, Anthony Samuel, Mohammad Aaftaab Allarakha, Ambedhkar Shantaram Naojee, Erick Alexanderson-Rosas, Erika Barragan, Alejandro Becerril González-Montecinos, Manuel Cabada, Daniel Calderon Rodriguez, Isabel Carvajal-Juarez, Violeta Cortés, Filiberto Cortés, Erasmo De La Peña, Manlio Gama-Moreno, Luis González, Nelsy Gonzalez Ramírez, Moisés Jiménez-Santos, Luis Matos, Edgar Monroy, Martha Morelos, Mario Ornelas, Jose Alberto Ortga Ramirez, Andrés Preciado-Anaya, Óscar Ulises Preciado-Gutiérrez, Adriana Puente Barragan, Sandra Graciela Rosales Uvera, Sigelinda Sandoval, Miguel Santaularia Tomas, Lilia M. Sierra-Galan, Silvia Siu, Enrique Vallejo, Mario Valles, Marc Faraggi, Erdenechimeg Sereegotov, Srdja Ilic, Nozha Ben-Rais, Nadia Ismaili Alaoui, Sara Taleb, Khin Pa Pa Myo, Phyo Si Thu, Ram Kumar Ghimire, Bijoy Rajbanshi, Peter Barneveld, Andor Glaudemans, Jesse Habets, Klaas Pieter Koopmans, Jeroen Manders, Stefan Pool, Arthur Scholte, Asbjørn Scholtens, Riemer Slart, Paul Thimister, Erik-Jan Van Asperen, Niels Veltman, Derk Verschure, Nils Wagenaar, John Edmond, Chris Ellis, Kerryanne Johnson, Ross Keenan, Shaw Hua (Anthony) Kueh, Christopher Occleshaw, Alexander Sasse, Andrew To, Niels Van Pelt, Calum Young, Teresa Cuadra, Hector Bladimir Roque Vanegas, Idrissa Adamou Soli, Djibrillou Moussa Issoufou, Tolulope Ayodele, Chibuzo Madu, Yetunde Onimode, Elen Efros-Monsen, Signe Helene Forsdahl, Jenni-Mari Hildre Dimmen, Arve Jørgensen, Isabel Krohn, Pål Løvhaugen, Anders Tjellaug Bråten, Humoud Al Dhuhli, Faiza Al Kindi, Naeema Al-Bulushi, Zabah Jawa, Naima Tag, Muhammad Shehzad Afzal, Shazia Fatima, Muhammad Numair Younis, Musab Riaz, Mohammad Saadullah, Yariela Herrera, Dora Lenturut-Katal, Manuel Castillo Vázquez, José Ortellado, Afroza Akhter, Dianbo Cao, Stephen Cheung, Xu Dai, Lianggeng Gong, Dan Han, Yang Hou, Caiying Li, Tao Li, Dong Li, Sijin Li, Jinkang Liu, Hui Liu, Bin Lu, Ming Yen Ng, Kai Sun, Gongshun Tang, Jian Wang, Ximing Wang, Zhao-Qian Wang, Yining Wang, Yifan Wang, Jiang Wu, Zhifang Wu, Liming Xia, Jiangxi Xiao, Lei Xu, Youyou Yang, Wu Yin, Jianqun Yu, Li Yuan, Tong Zhang, Longjiang Zhang, Yong-Gao Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang, Li Zhu, Ana Alfaro, Paz Abrihan, Asela Barroso, Eric Cruz, Marie Rhiamar Gomez, Vincent Peter Magboo, John Michael Medina, Jerry Obaldo, Davidson Pastrana, Christian Michael Pawhay, Alvin Quinon, Jeanelle Margareth Tang, Bettina Tecson, Kristine Joy Uson, Mila Uy, Magdalena Kostkiewicz, Jolanta Kunikowska, Nuno Bettencourt, Guilhermina Cantinho, Antonio Ferreira, Ghulam Syed, Samer Arnous, Said Atyani, Angela Byrne, Tadhg Gleeson, David Kerins, Conor Meehan, David Murphy, Mark Murphy, John Murray, Julie O'Brien, Ji-In Bang, Henry Bom, Sang-Geon Cho, Chae Moon Hong, Su Jin Jang, Yong Hyu Jeong, Won Jun Kang, Ji-Young Kim, Jaetae Lee, Chang Kyeong Namgung, Young So, Kyoung Sook Won, Venjamin Majstorov, Marija Vavlukis, Barbara Gužic Salobir, Monika Štalc, Theodora Benedek, Imre Benedek, Raluca Mititelu, Claudiu Adrian Stan, Alexey Ansheles, Olga Dariy, Olga Drozdova, Nina Gagarina, Vsevolod Milyevich Gulyaev, Irina Itskovich, Anatoly Karalkin, Alexander Kokov, Ekaterina Migunova, Viktor Pospelov, Daria Ryzhkova, Guzaliya Saifullina, Svetlana Sazonova, Vladimir Sergienko, Irina Shurupova, Tatjana Trifonova, Wladimir Yurievich Ussov, Margarita Vakhromeeva, Nailya Valiullina, Konstantin Zavadovsky, Kirill Zhuravlev, Mirvat Alasnag, Subhani Okarvi, Dragana Sobic Saranovic, Felix Keng, Jia Hao Jason See, Ramkumar Sekar, Min Sen Yew, Andrej Vondrak, Shereen Bejai, George Bennie, Ria Bester, Gerrit Engelbrecht, Osayande Evbuomwan, Harlem Gongxeka, Magritha Jv Vuuren, Mitchell Kaplan, Purbhoo Khushica, Hoosen Lakhi, Lizette Louw, Nico Malan, Katarina Milos, Moshe Modiselle, Stuart More, Mathava Naidoo, Leonie Scholtz, Mboyo Vangu, Santiago Aguadé-Bruix, Isabel Blanco, Antonio Cabrera, Alicia Camarero, Irene Casáns-Tormo, Hug Cuellar-Calabria, Albert Flotats, Maria Eugenia Fuentes Cañamero, María Elia García, Amelia Jimenez-Heffernan, Rubén Leta, Javier Lopez Diaz, Luis Lumbreras, Juan Javier Marquez-Cabeza, Francisco Martin, Anxo Martinez de Alegria, Francisco Medina, Maria Pedrera Canal, Virginia Peiro, Virginia Pubul-Nuñez, Juan Ignacio Rayo Madrid, Cristina Rodríguez Rey, Ricardo Ruano Perez, Joaquín Ruiz, Gertrudis Sabatel Hernández, Ana Sevilla, Nahla Zeidán, Damayanthi Nanayakkara, Chandraguptha Udugama, Magnus Simonsson, Hatem Alkadhi, Ronny Ralf Buechel, Peter Burger, Luca Ceriani, Bart De Boeck, Christoph Gräni, Alix Juillet de Saint Lager Lucas, Christel H. Kamani, Nadine Kawel-Boehm, Robert Manka, John O. Prior, Axel Rominger, Jean-Paul Vallée, Benjapa Khiewvan, Teerapon Premprabha, Tanyaluck Thientunyakit, Ali Sellem, Kemal Metin Kir, Haluk Sayman, Mugisha Julius Sebikali, Zerida Muyinda, Yaroslav Kmetyuk, Pavlo Korol, Olena Mykhalchenko, Volodymyr Pliatsek, Maryna Satyr, Batool Albalooshi, Mohamed Ismail Ahmed Hassan, Jill Anderson, Punit Bedi, Thomas Biggans, Anda Bularga, Russell Bull, Rajesh Burgul, John-Paul Carpenter, Duncan Coles, David Cusack, Aparna Deshpande, John Dougan, Timothy Fairbairn, Alexia Farrugia, Deepa Gopalan, Alistair Gummow, Prasad Guntur Ramkumar, Mark Hamilton, Mark Harbinson, Thomas Hartley, Benjamin Hudson, Nikhil Joshi, Michael Kay, Andrew Kelion, Azhar Khokhar, Jamie Kitt, Ken Lee, Chen Low, Sze Mun Mak, Ntouskou Marousa, Jon Martin, Elisa Mcalindon, Leon Menezes, Gareth Morgan-Hughes, Alastair Moss, Anthony Murray, Edward Nicol, Dilip Patel, Charles Peebles, Francesca Pugliese, Jonathan Carl Luis Rodrigues, Christopher Rofe, Nikant Sabharwal, Rebecca Schofield, Thomas Semple, Naveen Sharma, Peter Strouhal, Deepak Subedi, William Topping, Katharine Tweed, Jonathan Weir-Mccall, Suhny Abbara, Taimur Abbasi, Brian Abbott, Shady Abohashem, Sandra Abramson, Tarek Al-Abboud, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Omar Almousalli, Karthikeyan Ananthasubramaniam, Mohan Ashok Kumar, Jeffrey Askew, Lea Attanasio, Mallory Balmer-Swain, Richard R. Bayer, Adam Bernheim, Sabha Bhatti, Erik Bieging, Ron Blankstein, Stephen Bloom, Sean Blue, David Bluemke, Andressa Borges, Kelley Branch, Paco Bravo, Jessica Brothers, Matthew Budoff, Renée Bullock-Palmer, Angela Burandt, Floyd W. Burke, Kelvin Bush, Candace Candela, Elizabeth Capasso, Joao Cavalcante, Donald Chang, Saurav Chatterjee, Yiannis Chatzizisis, Michael Cheezum, Tiffany Chen, Jennifer Chen, Marcus Chen, James Clarcq, Ayreen Cordero, Matthew Crim, Sorin Danciu, Bruce Decter, Nimish Dhruva, Neil Doherty, Rami Doukky, Anjori Dunbar, William Duvall, Rachael Edwards, Kerry Esquitin, Husam Farah, Emilio Fentanes, Maros Ferencik, Daniel Fisher, Daniel Fitzpatrick, Cameron Foster, Tony Fuisz, Michael Gannon, Lori Gastner, Myron Gerson, Brian Ghoshhajra, Alan Goldberg, Brian Goldner, Jorge Gonzalez, Rosco Gore, Sandra Gracia-López, Fadi Hage, Agha Haider, Sofia Haider, Yasmin Hamirani, Karen Hassen, Mallory Hatfield, Carolyn Hawkins, Katie Hawthorne, Nicholas Heath, Robert Hendel, Phillip Hernandez, Gregory Hill, Stephen Horgan, Jeff Huffman, Lynne Hurwitz, Ami Iskandrian, Rajesh Janardhanan, Christine Jellis, Scott Jerome, Dinesh Kalra, Summanther Kaviratne, Fernando Kay, Faith Kelly, Omar Khalique, Mona Kinkhabwala, George Kinzfogl Iii, Jacqueline Kircher, Rachael Kirkbride, Michael Kontos, Anupama Kottam, Joseph Krepp, Jay Layer, Steven H. Lee, Jeffrey Leppo, John Lesser, Steve Leung, Howard Lewin, Diana Litmanovich, Yiyan Liu, Kathleen Magurany, Jeremy Markowitz, Amanda Marn, Stephen E. Matis, Michael Mckenna, Tony Mcrae, Fernando Mendoza, Michael Merhige, David Min, Chanan Moffitt, Karen Moncher, Warren Moore, Shamil Morayati, Michael Morris, Mahmud Mossa-Basha, Zorana Mrsic, Venkatesh Murthy, Prashant Nagpal, Kyle Napier, Katarina Nelson, Prabhjot Nijjar, Medhat Osman, Edward Passen, Amit Patel, Pravin Patil, Ryan Paul, Lawrence Phillips, Venkateshwar Polsani, Rajaram Poludasu, Brian Pomerantz, Thomas Porter, Ryan Prentice, Amit Pursnani, Mark Rabbat, Suresh Ramamurti, Florence Rich, Hiram Rivera Luna, Austin Robinson, Kim Robles, Cesar Rodríguez, Mark Rorie, John Rumberger, Raymond Russell, Philip Sabra, Diego Sadler, Mary Schemmer, U. Joseph Schoepf, Samir Shah, Nishant Shah, Sujata Shanbhag, Gaurav Sharma, Steven Shayani, Jamshid Shirani, Pushpa Shivaram, Steven Sigman, Mitch Simon, Ahmad Slim, David Smith, Alexandra Smith, Prem Soman, Aditya Sood, Monvadi Barbara Srichai-Parsia, James Streeter, Albert T, Ahmed Tawakol, Dustin Thomas, Randall Thompson, Tara Torbet, Desiree Trinidad, Shawn Ullery, Samuel Unzek, Seth Uretsky, Srikanth Vallurupalli, Vikas Verma, Alfonso Waller, Ellen Wang, Parker Ward, Gaby Weissman, George Wesbey, Kelly White, David Winchester, David Wolinsky, Sandra Yost, Michael Zgaljardic, Omar Alonso, Mario Beretta, Rodolfo Ferrando, Miguel Kapitan, Fernando Mut, Omoa Djuraev, Gulnora Rozikhodjaeva, Ha Le Ngoc, Son Hong Mai, and Xuan Canh Nguyen

Subjects
cardiac testing, cardiovascular disease, coronavirus, COVID-19, global health, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected management of cardiovascular disease around the world. The effect of the pandemic on volume of cardiovascular diagnostic procedures is not known. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the effects of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular diagnostic procedures and safety practices in Asia. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey to assess changes in cardiovascular procedure volume and safety practices caused by COVID-19. Testing volumes were reported for March 2020 and April 2020 and were compared to those from March 2019. Data from 180 centers across 33 Asian countries were grouped into 4 subregions for comparison. Results: Procedure volumes decreased by 47% from March 2019 to March 2020, showing recovery from March 2020 to April 2020 in Eastern Asia, particularly in China. The majority of centers cancelled outpatient activities and increased time per study. Practice changes included implementing physical distancing and restricting visitors. Although COVID testing was not commonly performed, it was conducted in one-third of facilities in Eastern Asia. The most severe reductions in procedure volumes were observed in lower-income countries, where volumes decreased 81% from March 2019 to April 2020. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic in Asia caused significant reductions in cardiovascular diagnostic procedures, particularly in low-income countries. Further studies on effects of COVID-19 on cardiovascular outcomes and changes in care delivery are warranted.

Published
2021
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10. Blood-based protein biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute stroke: A discovery-based SWATH-MS proteomic approach

Author

Shubham Misra, Praveen Singh, Manabesh Nath, Divya Bhalla, Shantanu Sengupta, Amit Kumar, Awadh K. Pandit, Praveen Aggarwal, Achal K. Srivastava, Dheeraj Mohania, Kameshwar Prasad, and Deepti Vibha

Subjects
stroke, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, proteomics, blood biomarkers, SWATH-MS, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Background and purposesRecent developments in high-throughput proteomic approach have shown the potential to discover biomarkers for diagnosing acute stroke and to elucidate the pathomechanisms specific to different stroke subtypes. We aimed to determine blood-based protein biomarkers to diagnose total stroke (IS+ICH) from healthy controls, ischemic stroke (IS) from healthy controls, and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) from healthy control subjects within 24 h using a discovery-based SWATH-MS proteomic approach.MethodsIn this discovery phase study, serum samples were collected within 24 h from acute stroke (IS & ICH) patients and healthy controls and were subjected to SWATH-MS-based untargeted proteomics. For protein identification, a high-pH fractionated peptide library for human serum proteins (obtained from SCIEX) comprising of 465 proteins was used. Significantly differentially expressed (SDE) proteins were selected using the following criteria: >1.5-fold change for upregulated, < 0.67 for downregulated, p-value < 0.05, and confirmed/tentative selection using Boruta random forest. Protein–protein interaction network analysis and the functional enrichment analysis were conducted using STRING 11 online tool, g:Profiler tool and Cytoscape 3.9.0 software. The statistical analyses were conducted in R version 3.6.2.ResultsOur study included 40 stroke cases (20 IS, 20 ICH) within 24 h and 40 age-, sex-, hypertension-, and diabetes-matched healthy controls. We quantified 375 proteins between the stroke cases and control groups through SWATH-MS analysis. We observed 31 SDE proteins between total stroke and controls, 16 SDE proteins between IS and controls, and 41 SDE proteins between ICH and controls within 24 h. Four proteins [ceruloplasmin, alpha-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and coagulation factor XIII B chain (F13B)] commonly differentiated total stroke, IS, and ICH from healthy control subjects. The most common significant pathways in stroke cases involved complement and coagulation cascades, platelet degranulation, immune-related processes, acute phase response, lipid-related processes, and pathways related to extracellular space and matrix.ConclusionOur discovery phase study identified potential protein biomarker candidates for the diagnosis of acute stroke and highlighted significant pathways associated with different stroke subtypes. These potential biomarker candidates warrant further validation in future studies with a large cohort of stroke patients to investigate their diagnostic performance.

Published
2022
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11. Myocardial Work Index: A Novel Method for Assessment of Myocardial Function in South Asian Recreational Athletes

Author

Shantanu Sengupta, Renuka Jain, Nitin Burkule, Susan Olet, and Bijoy K. Khandheria

Subjects
echocardiography, myocardial function, athletes, marathon, endurance running, heart stressors, Medicine
Abstract

Purpose: We used a novel noninvasive method based on speckle-tracking echocardiography to evaluate myocardial performance in South Asian recreational athletes who completed a half marathon. Methods: Transthoracic echocardiography was performed on 24 recreational athletes 48 hours before they took part in a half marathon (premarathon), within 2 hours of half marathon completion (postmarathon), and 72 hours after completion. Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic variables were collected. Speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed in all subjects to characterize myocardial mechanics. Results: Mean age of participants was 41.8 ± 7.4 years, and 23 (95.8%) were male. No subject had a prior history of coronary artery disease. Significant changes in pre- and postmarathon values suggested myocardial injury, including an increase in mean brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), an increase in left atrial volume, and an overall reduction in peak left ventricular global longitudinal strain. All subjects had a similar value of global work index, the average myocardial work, premarathon. Global work index did not change in 11 patients (Group 1), and global work index increased in 13 patients (Group 2) immediately postmarathon. Group 2 patients were noted to have higher heart rate, lower end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, and higher BNP levels, suggesting myocardial stress. Conclusions: South Asian athletes completing a half marathon exhibited two different responses to the cardiac stress of the half marathon, as outlined by the use of myocardial work indices, a novel method for assessing cardiac performance.

Published
2020
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12. Plasma Gradient of Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Is Linked to Pathogenic Plasma Proteome and Immune Transcriptome and Stratifies Outcomes in Severe COVID-19

Author

Jafar Sarif, Deblina Raychaudhuri, Ranit D’Rozario, Purbita Bandopadhyay, Praveen Singh, Priyanka Mehta, Md. Asmaul Hoque, Bishnu Prasad Sinha, Manoj Kushwaha, Shweta Sahni, Priti Devi, Partha Chattopadhyay, Shekhar Ranjan Paul, Yogiraj Ray, Kausik Chaudhuri, Sayantan Banerjee, Debajyoti Majumdar, Bibhuti Saha, Biswanath Sharma Sarkar, Prasun Bhattacharya, Shilpak Chatterjee, Sandip Paul, Pramit Ghosh, Rajesh Pandey, Shantanu Sengupta, and Dipyaman Ganguly

Subjects
COVID-19, soluble uPAR, Plaur, myeloid cells, prognosis, ARDS, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) led to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. A systemic hyper-inflammation characterizes severe COVID-19 disease, often associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Blood biomarkers capable of risk stratification are of great importance in effective triage and critical care of severe COVID-19 patients. Flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing were done on peripheral blood cells and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), and cytokines were measured from and mass spectrometry-based proteomics was done on plasma samples from an Indian cohort of COVID-19 patients. Publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data were analyzed for validation of primary data. Statistical analyses were performed to validate risk stratification. We report here higher plasma abundance of suPAR, expressed by an abnormally expanded myeloid cell population, in severe COVID-19 patients with ARDS. The plasma suPAR level was found to be linked to a characteristic plasma proteome, associated with coagulation disorders and complement activation. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis to predict mortality identified a cutoff value of suPAR at 1,996.809 pg/ml (odds ratio: 2.9286, 95% confidence interval 1.0427–8.2257). Lower-than-cutoff suPAR levels were associated with a differential expression of the immune transcriptome as well as favorable clinical outcomes, in terms of both survival benefit (hazard ratio: 0.3615, 95% confidence interval 0.1433–0.912) and faster disease remission in our patient cohort. Thus, we identified suPAR as a key pathogenic circulating molecule linking systemic hyperinflammation to the hypercoagulable state and stratifying clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19 patients with ARDS.

Published
2021
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13. Micro RNAs upregulated in Vitiligo skin play an important role in its aetiopathogenesis by altering TRP1 expression and keratinocyte-melanocytes cross-talk

Author

Utpreksha Vaish, Avinash A. Kumar, Swati Varshney, Shreya Ghosh, Shantanu Sengupta, Chandni Sood, Hemanta K. Kar, Pankaj Sharma, Vivek T. Natarajan, Rajesh S. Gokhale, and Rajni Rani

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Translation of genes is regulated by many factors including microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNA profiling of lesional and non-lesional epidermal RNA from 18 vitiligo patients revealed significant upregulation of 29 miRNAs in the lesional epidermis, of which 6 miRNAs were transfected in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) to study their downstream effects using quantitative proteomics. Many proteins involved in oxidative stress, Vesicle trafficking, Cellular apoptosis, Mitochondrial proteins and Keratins were regulated after miRNA transfections in the keratinocytes. However, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP1/TYRP1), a melanogenesis protein, was consistently downregulated in NHEKs by all the six miRNAs tested, which was quite intriguing. TRP1 was also downregulated in lesional epidermis compared with non-lesional epidermis. Since melanocytes synthesize and transfer melanosomes to the surrounding keratinocytes, we hypothesized that downregulation of TRP1 in NHEKs may have a role in melanosome transfer, which was confirmed by our co-culture experiments. Downregulation of TRP1 in keratinocytes negatively affected the melanosome transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes resulting in melanin accumulation which may be leading to melanin induced cytotoxicity in melanocytes. Regulation of key processes involved in aetiopathogenesis of vitiligo along with TRP1 suggests that miRNAs act in an integrated manner which may be detrimental for the loss of melanocytes in vitiligo.

Published
2019
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14. Insights from a Pan India Sero-Epidemiological survey (Phenome-India Cohort) for SARS-CoV2

Author

Salwa Naushin, Viren Sardana, Rajat Ujjainiya, Nitin Bhatheja, Rintu Kutum, Akash Kumar Bhaskar, Shalini Pradhan, Satyartha Prakash, Raju Khan, Birendra Singh Rawat, Karthik Bharadwaj Tallapaka, Mahesh Anumalla, Giriraj Ratan Chandak, Amit Lahiri, Susanta Kar, Shrikant Ramesh Mulay, Madhav Nilakanth Mugale, Mrigank Srivastava, Shaziya Khan, Anjali Srivastava, Bhawana Tomar, Murugan Veerapandian, Ganesh Venkatachalam, Selvamani Raja Vijayakumar, Ajay Agarwal, Dinesh Gupta, Prakash M Halami, Muthukumar Serva Peddha, Gopinath M Sundaram, Ravindra P Veeranna, Anirban Pal, Vinay Kumar Agarwal, Anil Ku Maurya, Ranvijay Kumar Singh, Ashok Kumar Raman, Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan, Parimala Karuppanan, Subramanian Venkatesan, Harish Kumar Sardana, Anamika Kothari, Rishabh Jain, Anupama Thakur, Devendra Singh Parihar, Anas Saifi, Jasleen Kaur, Virendra Kumar, Avinash Mishra, Iranna Gogeri, Geethavani Rayasam, Praveen Singh, Rahul Chakraborty, Gaura Chaturvedi, Pinreddy Karunakar, Rohit Yadav, Sunanda Singhmar, Dayanidhi Singh, Sharmistha Sarkar, Purbasha Bhattacharya, Sundaram Acharya, Vandana Singh, Shweta Verma, Drishti Soni, Surabhi Seth, Sakshi Vashisht, Sarita Thakran, Firdaus Fatima, Akash Pratap Singh, Akanksha Sharma, Babita Sharma, Manikandan Subramanian, Yogendra S Padwad, Vipin Hallan, Vikram Patial, Damanpreet Singh, Narendra Vijay Tripude, Partha Chakrabarti, Sujay Krishna Maity, Dipyaman Ganguly, Jit Sarkar, Sistla Ramakrishna, Balthu Narender Kumar, Kiran A Kumar, Sumit G Gandhi, Piyush Singh Jamwal, Rekha Chouhan, Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal, Nitika Kapoor, Debashish Ghosh, Ghanshyam Thakkar, Umakanta Subudhi, Pradip Sen, Saumya Ray Chaudhury, Rashmi Kumar, Pawan Gupta, Amit Tuli, Deepak Sharma, Rajesh P Ringe, Amarnarayan D, Mahesh Kulkarni, Dhansekaran Shanmugam, Mahesh S Dharne, Sayed G Dastager, Rakesh Joshi, Amita P Patil, Sachin N Mahajan, Abujunaid Habib Khan, Vasudev Wagh, Rakesh Kumar Yadav, Ajinkya Khilari, Mayuri Bhadange, Arvindkumar H Chaurasiya, Shabda E Kulsange, Krishna Khairnar, Shilpa Paranjape, Jatin Kalita, Narahari G Sastry, Tridip Phukan, Prasenjit Manna, Wahengbam Romi, Pankaj Bharali, Dibyajyoti Ozah, Ravi Kumar Sahu, Elapavalooru VSSK Babu, Rajeev Sukumaran, Aiswarya R Nair, Prajeesh Kooloth Valappil, Anoop Puthiyamadam, Adarsh Velayudhanpillai, Kalpana Chodankar, Samir Damare, Yennapu Madhavi, Ved Varun Aggarwal, Sumit Dahiya, Anurag Agrawal, Debasis Dash, and Shantanu Sengupta

Subjects
SARS-CoV2, antibody stability, sero-prevalence, neutralizing antibody, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

To understand the spread of SARS-CoV2, in August and September 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (India) conducted a serosurvey across its constituent laboratories and centers across India. Of 10,427 volunteers, 1058 (10.14%) tested positive for SARS-CoV2 anti-nucleocapsid (anti-NC) antibodies, 95% of which had surrogate neutralization activity. Three-fourth of these recalled no symptoms. Repeat serology tests at 3 (n = 607) and 6 (n = 175) months showed stable anti-NC antibodies but declining neutralization activity. Local seropositivity was higher in densely populated cities and was inversely correlated with a 30-day change in regional test positivity rates (TPRs). Regional seropositivity above 10% was associated with declining TPR. Personal factors associated with higher odds of seropositivity were high-exposure work (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, p value: 2.23, 1.92–2.59,

Published
2021
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15. A High Throughput Lipidomics Method Using Scheduled Multiple Reaction Monitoring

Author

Akash Kumar Bhaskar, Salwa Naushin, Arjun Ray, Praveen Singh, Anurag Raj, Shalini Pradhan, Khushboo Adlakha, Towfida Jahan Siddiqua, Dipankar Malakar, Debasis Dash, and Shantanu Sengupta

Subjects
lipidomics, scheduled MRM, plasma lipidome, vitamin B12, isomers, mass spectrometry, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Lipid compositions of cells, tissues, and bio-fluids are complex, with varying concentrations and structural diversity making their identification challenging. Newer methods for comprehensive analysis of lipids are thus necessary. Herein, we propose a targeted-mass spectrometry based lipidomics screening method using a combination of variable retention time window and relative dwell time weightage. Using this method, we identified more than 1000 lipid species within 24-min. The limit of detection varied from the femtomolar to the nanomolar range. About 883 lipid species were detected with a coefficient of variance 12 deficiency and found a total of 18 lipid species to be altered. Some of the lipid species with ω-6 fatty acid chains were found to be significantly increased while ω-3 decreased in vitamin B12 deficient samples. This method enables rapid screening of a large number of lipid species in a single experiment and would substantially advance our understanding of the role of lipids in biological processes.

Published
2022
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16. A novel breakthrough in wrist-worn transdermal troponin-I-sensor assessment for acute myocardial infarction

Author

Shantanu Sengupta, Siddharth Biswal, Jitto Titus, Atandra Burman, Keshav Reddy, Mahesh C Fulwani, Aziz Khan, Niteen Deshpande, Smit Shrivastava, Naveena Yanamala, and Partho P Sengupta

Subjects
General Engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Aims Clinical differentiation of acute myocardial infarction (MI) from unstable angina and other presentations mimicking acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is critical for implementing time-sensitive interventions and optimizing outcomes. However, the diagnostic steps are dependent on blood draws and laboratory turnaround times. We tested the clinical feasibility of a wrist-worn transdermal infrared spectrophotometric sensor (transdermal-ISS) in clinical practice and assessed the performance of a machine learning algorithm for identifying elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-I (hs-cTnI) levels in patients hospitalized with ACS. Methods and results We enrolled 238 patients hospitalized with ACS at five sites. The final diagnosis of MI (with or without ST elevation) and unstable angina was adjudicated using electrocardiography (ECG), cardiac troponin (cTn) test, echocardiography (regional wall motion abnormality), or coronary angiography. A transdermal-ISS–derived deep learning model was trained (three sites) and externally validated with hs-cTnI (one site) and echocardiography and angiography (two sites), respectively. The transdermal-ISS model predicted elevated hs-cTnI levels with areas under the receiver operator characteristics of 0.90 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84–0.94; sensitivity, 0.86; and specificity, 0.82] and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.80–0.98; sensitivity, 0.94; and specificity, 0.64), for internal and external validation cohorts, respectively. In addition, the model predictions were associated with regional wall motion abnormalities [odds ratio (OR), 3.37; CI, 1.02–11.15; P = 0.046] and significant coronary stenosis (OR, 4.69; CI, 1.27–17.26; P = 0.019). Conclusion A wrist-worn transdermal-ISS is clinically feasible for rapid, bloodless prediction of elevated hs-cTnI levels in real-world settings. It may have a role in establishing a point-of-care biomarker diagnosis of MI and impact triaging patients with suspected ACS.

Published
2023
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17. A machine learning-based approach to determine infection status in recipients of BBV152 (Covaxin) whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for serological surveys.

Author

Prateek Singh, Rajat Ujjainiya, Satyartha Prakash, Salwa Naushin, Viren Sardana, Nitin Bhatheja, Ajay Pratap Singh, Joydeb Barman, Kartik Kumar, Saurabh Gayali, Raju Khan, Birendra Singh Rawat, Karthik Bharadwaj Tallapaka, Mahesh Anumalla, Amit Lahiri, Susanta Kar, Vivek Bhosale, Mrigank Srivastava, Madhav Nilakanth Mugale, C. P. Pandey, Shaziya Khan, Shivani Katiyar, Desh Raj, Sharmeen Ishteyaque, Sonu Khanka, Ankita Rani, Promila, Jyotsna Sharma, Anuradha Seth, Mukul Dutta, Nishant Saurabh, Murugan Veerapandian, Ganesh Venkatachalam, Deepak Bansal, Dinesh Gupta, Prakash M. Halami, Muthukumar Serva Peddha, Ravindra P. Veeranna, Anirban Pal, Ranvijay Kumar Singh, Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan, Parimala Karuppanan, Syed Nasar Rahman, Gopika Selvakumar, Venkatesan Subramanian 0001, Malay Kumar Karmakar, Harish Kumar Sardana, Anamika Kothari, Devendra Singh Parihar, Anupma Thakur, Anas Saifi, Naman Gupta, Yogita Singh, Ritu Reddu, Rizul Gautam, Anuj Mishra, Avinash Mishra, Iranna Gogeri, Geethavani Rayasam, Yogendra Padwad, Vikram Patial, Vipin Hallan, Damanpreet Singh, Narendra Tirpude, Partha Chakrabarti, Sujay Krishna Maity, Dipyaman Ganguly, Ramakrishna Sistla, Narender Kumar Balthu, Kiran Kumar A, Siva Ranjith, B. Vijay Kumar, Piyush Singh Jamwal, Anshu Wali, Sajad Ahmed, Rekha Chouhan, Sumit G. Gandhi, Nancy Sharma, Garima Rai, Faisal Irshad, Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal, Masroor Ahmad Paddar, Sameer Ullah Khan, Fayaz Malik, Debashish Ghosh, Ghanshyam Thakkar, Saroj Kanta Barik, Prabhanshu Tripathi, Yatendra Kumar Satija, Sneha Mohanty, Md. Tauseef Khan, Umakanta Subudhi, Pradip Sen, Rashmi Kumar, Anshu Bhardwaj, Pawan Gupta, Deepak Sharma, Amit Tuli, Saumya Ray chaudhuri, Srinivasan Krishnamurthi, L. Prakash, Ch V. Rao, B. N. Singh, Arvindkumar Chaurasiya, Meera Chaurasiyar, Mayuri Bhadange, Bhagyashree Likhitkar, Sharada Mohite, Yogita Patil, Mahesh Kulkarni, Rakesh Joshi, Vaibhav Pandya, Sachin Mahajan, Amita Patil, Rachel Samson, Tejas Vare, Mahesh Dharne, Ashok Giri, Shilpa Paranjape, G. Narahari Sastry, Jatin Kalita, Tridip Phukan, Prasenjit Manna, Wahengbam Romi, Pankaj Bharali, Dibyajyoti Ozah, Ravi Kumar Sahu, Prachurjya Dutta, Moirangthem Goutam Singh, Gayatri Gogoi, Yasmin Begam Tapadar, Elapavalooru VSSK. Babu, Rajeev K. Sukumaran, Aishwarya R. Nair, Anoop Puthiyamadam, Prajeesh Kooloth Valappil, Adrash Velayudhan Pillai Prasannakumari, Kalpana Chodankar, Samir Damare, Ved Varun Agrawal, Kumardeep Chaudhary, Anurag Agrawal, Shantanu Sengupta, and Debasis Dash

Published
2022
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18. HIV related stigma, perceived social support and risk of premature atherosclerosis in South Asians

Author

Travis Bergmann, Shantanu Sengupta, Milind P. Bhrushundi, Hemant Kulkarni, Partho P. Sengupta, and Icilma Fergus

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Objective: This study sought to determine the association between social support and stigma experienced by HIV-positive patients and presence of subclinical cardiovascular disease. Methods: We implemented a cross sectional study in 67 HIV-positive patients and 52 controls from a community health care center in central India. The participants underwent an in-depth survey and a clinical and laboratory assessment of cardiovascular risk. Carotid-intimal thickness (CIMT) was used as a marker of subclinical cardiovascular disease. Results: On comparing the HIV and age and sex-matched control population, HIV patients had lower body weight (P= 25th percentile value (odds ratio:3.84, P = 0.037) were independent predictors of the abnormal CIMT. Conclusions: HIV-positive patients from central India have a higher prevalence of abnormal CIMT as a marker of subclinical cardiovascular disease than the general population. This predisposition to increased cardiovascular risk may be related to complex interactions between HIV disease and stigma-related healthcare inequalities.

Published
2018
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19. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: Lessons learned

Author

Ritesh Vishwakarma and Shantanu Sengupta

Subjects
apical ballooning syndrome, broken heart syndrome, echocardiography, stress-induced cardiomyopathy, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy presents as acute heart failure and mimics acute coronary syndrome. It is characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction in the absence of occlusive coronary disease. Prognosis is generally good with complete recovery of the left ventricle in several weeks. The etiology is unknown and therapy just symptomatic. Death has been described but is rare. This present review gives insights of this important clinical entity.

Published
2017
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20. Oxidative Homeostasis Regulates the Response to Reductive Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through Translation Control

Author

Shuvadeep Maity, Asher Rajkumar, Latika Matai, Ajay Bhat, Asmita Ghosh, Ganesh Agam, Simarjot Kaur, Niraj R. Bhatt, Arnab Mukhopadhyay, Shantanu Sengupta, and Kausik Chakraborty

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Reductive stress leads to the loss of disulfide bond formation and induces the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER), necessary to regain proteostasis in the compartment. Here we show that peroxide accumulation during reductive stress attenuates UPRER amplitude by altering translation without any discernible effect on transcription. Through a comprehensive genetic screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we identify modulators of reductive stress-induced UPRER and demonstrate that oxidative quality control (OQC) genes modulate this cellular response in the presence of chronic but not acute reductive stress. Using a combination of microarray and relative quantitative proteomics, we uncover a non-canonical translation attenuation mechanism that acts in a bipartite manner to selectively downregulate highly expressed proteins, decoupling the cell’s transcriptional and translational response during reductive ER stress. Finally, we demonstrate that PERK, a canonical translation attenuator in higher eukaryotes, helps in bypassing a ROS-dependent, non-canonical mode of translation attenuation.

Published
2016
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21. Mendelian randomization: A biologist's perspective

Author

Subhoshree Ghose, Akash Kumar Bhaskar, Anju Sharma, and Shantanu Sengupta

Subjects
Genetic polymorphism, Mendelian randomization, statistics, Medicine, Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a statistical technique used by genetic epidemiologists to determine causal effects, i.e. whether a biomarker actually influences disease risk, is it just a statistical association. It uses common genetic polymorphisms with known biological effects (propensity to drink alcohol) or effects that mimic modifiable exposures (raised blood cholesterol). For MR, it is necessary that the genotype only affects the disease status indirectly through its effect on the exposure of interest.

Published
2016
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22. A Combination of Synthetic Molecules Acts as Antifreeze for the Protection of Skin against Cold-Induced Injuries

Author

Aanchal Gupta, Betsy Reshma G, Praveen Singh, Ekta Kohli, Shantanu Sengupta, and Munia Ganguli

Subjects
Cold Temperature, Proteomics, Biomaterials, Mice, Cryoprotective Agents, Frostbite, Biochemistry (medical), Biomedical Engineering, Animals, General Chemistry, Skin
Abstract

Seasonal and occupational exposure of the human body to extreme cold temperatures can result in cell death in the exposed area due to the formation of ice crystals. This leads to superficial or deep burn injury and compromised functionality. Currently available therapeutics can be ineffective in extreme cases, and thus, it is necessary to develop prophylactic strategies. In this study, we have devised a combination of known synthetic cryopreservative agents (termed SynAFP) and evaluated their potential antifreeze applications on skin. The prophylactic activity of SynAFP in vitro is indicated by improved cellular revival and cell viability, retention of the cytoskeleton, and normal cell cycle progression even after cold stress. A comprehensive whole-cell proteomic approach revealed that in the presence of SynAFP, cold-induced downregulation of proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion and upregulation of those related to mitochondrial stress were ameliorated. Pre-application of SynAFP in mice facing a frostbite challenge prevents their skin from incurring significant injury as confirmed through macroscopic and histological examination. Moreover, multiple applications of SynAFP on mouse skin at room temperature did not compromise skin integrity. SynAFP was also formulated in an

Published
2021
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23. Photocatalytic TiO2/CdS/ZnS nanocomposite induces Bacillus subtilis cell death by disrupting its metabolism and membrane integrity

Author

Nar Singh Chauhan, Rahul Chakraborty, Shantanu Sengupta, Monika Yadav, Anuj Mittal, Naveen Kumar, Shankar Sharma, and Tarun Kumar

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Reactive oxygen species, Nanocomposite, Microbiology, Zinc sulfide, Cadmium sulfide, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Titanium dioxide, Photocatalysis, Original Research Article, Ternary complex, Visible spectrum
Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) is widely characterized for its application in clinical diagnostics, therapeutics, cosmetics, nutrition, and environment management. Despite enormous potential, its dependence on ultraviolet (UV) light for photocatalytic activity limits its commercialization. Accordingly in the present study, a photo catalytically superior ternary complex of TiO(2) with Cadmium sulfide/Zinc sulfide (CdS/ZnS) has been synthesized, as well as, characterized for photo-induced antimicrobial activity. The band gap of crystalline TiO(2)/CdS/ZnS nanocomposite has been reduced (2.26 eV) and nanocomposite has shown the optimal photo-activation at 590 nm. TiO(2) nanocomposite has significant bactericidal activity in visible light (P

Published
2021
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24. Identification of differentially expressed proteins in vitamin B 12

Author

Swati Varshney, Nitin Bhardwaj, Trayambak Basak, and Shantanu Sengupta

Subjects
Holo-transcobalamin, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation, plasma, proteomics, vitamin B 12, Medicine, Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin generally synthesized by microorganisms. Mammals cannot synthesize this vitamin but have evolved processes for absorption, transport and cellular uptake of this vitamin. Only about 30% of vitamin B 12 , which is bound to the protein transcobalamin (TC) (Holo-TC [HoloTC]) enters into the cell and hence is referred to as the biologically active form of vitamin B 12 . Vitamin B 12 deficiency leads to several complex disorders, including neurological disorders and anemia. We had earlier shown that vitamin B 12 deficiency is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Indian population. In the current study, using a proteomics approach we identified proteins that are differentially expressed in the plasma of individuals with low HoloTC levels. Materials and Methods: We used isobaric-tagging method of relative and absolute quantitation to identify proteins that are differently expressed in individuals with low HoloTC levels when compared to those with normal HoloTC level. Results: In two replicate isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation experiments several proteins involved in lipid metabolism, blood coagulation, cholesterol metabolic process, and lipoprotein metabolic process were found to be altered in individuals having low HoloTC levels. Conclusions: Our study indicates that low HoloTc levels could be a risk factor in the development of CAD.

Published
2015
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25. Management algorithms for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction in less industrialized world

Author

Sundeep Mishra, S. Ramakrishnan, Abraham S. Babu, Ambuj Roy, Vinay K. Bahl, Kanha V. Singru, Sanjay Chugh, Shantanu Sengupta, Upendra Kaul, S. Nagendra Boopathy, Yajnik Nirmit, Uday M. Jadhav, John Jose, Vitull Gupta, Hriday K. Chopra, Arvind Singh, B.K.S. Sastry, and Subramanian Thiyagarajan

Subjects
Management algorithms, STEMI, Low resource, Window period, Out of window period, Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Published
2017
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26. Endothelin 1 and endothelial dysfunction in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

Author

Venkatesh Arumugam, Abhijeet Saha, Manpreet Kaur, Kanika Kapoor, Nimisha Arora, Trayambak Basak, Shantanu Sengupta, Ajay Bhatt, Nitin Bharadwaj, Vineeta V. Batra, and Ashish Datt Upadhyay

Subjects
Endothelin 1, Nephrotic syndrome, Endothelial dysfunction, Children, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is the initial step for atherogenesis. Children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome are at risk of endothelial dysfunction due to altered cholesterol metabolism which can lead to early atherosclerosis. Methods: In this analytical study with longitudinal follow up 25 children with first episode of nephrotic syndrome (FENS) aged 1–16 years along with 25 age and gender matched healthy controls were enrolled. Endothelin 1 (ET 1) levels were measured by ELISA (Cloud Clone Corp. and assembled by USCN Inc, U.S.A). Other variables were measured using standard biochemical methods. Primary outcome measure was plasma ET 1 level in children with FENS and in controls. Secondary outcome measure was to observe the levels of ET 1 in children with FENS at 12 weeks in remission. Results: The level of ET 1 was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in children with FENS as compared to controls. The level of ET 1 was significantly higher (p = 0.006) in SSNS at the onset of nephrotic syndrome and was significantly lower (p = 0.04) after 12 weeks of drug induced remission as compared to controls. SRNS children had higher levels of ET 1 than the steroid sensitive patients at onset but in was not statistically significant (p = 0.062). ET 1 showed significant positive correlation with total cholesterol (r = 0.462; p = 0.001) and negative correlation with serum albumin (r = −0.565; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Plasma ET 1 levels are raised in children with FENS posing a risk of endothelial dysfunction, which persists at least in short term. Long term effects of raised plasma ET 1 needs to be studied.

Published
2017
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27. Metabolomic fingerprinting for biomarker discovery in renal amyloidosis

Author

Shreya Ghosh, Praveen Singh, Samir Govil, Chayanika Kala, Shivani Chitkara, Shantanu Sengupta, and Ashwani Kumar Thakur

Abstract

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) manifested by proteinuria is the primary clinical hallmark of amyloid deposition in the kidney. However, proteinuria is observed in other kidney disorders misleading clinicians and limiting the scope of early diagnosis. We presumed that amyloid-driven pathophysiology could result in the perturbation of downstream cellular and metabolic pathways in these patients with NS. Herein, we have diagnosed one hundred patients with clinical evidence of nephrotic syndrome. Further, the histopathological evaluation identified the presence of amyloid in eleven patients. To decipher the downstream effects underlying amyloid formation, we performed plasma metabolomic profiling of these patients. Fifteen metabolites, including different lipids, carnitines and amino acids, were found altered in the renal amyloidosis patients compared to controls. It is the first study depicting the potential of metabolomics to identify biomarkers for early diagnosis of renal amyloidosis patients.

Published
2022
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28. Homocysteine Metabolism in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

Author

Mohan Kundal, Abhijeet Saha, N.K. Dubey, Kanika Kapoor, Trayambak Basak, Gaurav Bhardwaj, Vinay Singh Tanwar, Shantanu Sengupta, Vinita Batra, Ashish Dutt Upadhayay, and Ajay Bhatt

Subjects
homocysteine, children, nephrotic syndrome, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Homocysteine metabolism is altered in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor of early atherosclerosis and glomerulosclerosis and may occur at time of first occurrence of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Methods Thirty children with first episode of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (FENS) aged 1–16 years along with 30 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Homocysteine and cysteine were measured with HPLC; vitamin B12 and folic acid were measured with electro‐chemilumiscence immunoassay. Primary outcome measure was plasma homocysteine level in children with FENS and in controls. Secondary outcome measures were (1) plasma and urine homocysteine and cysteine levels in children with FENS at 12 weeks and 1 year (remission) and (2) plasma and urine levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid in children with FENS, at 12 weeks and 1 year (remission). Results Plasma homocysteine and cysteine levels were comparable to controls in children with FENS, at 12 weeks and 1‐year remission. Plasma levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid were significantly decreased compared to controls in FENS due to increased urinary excretion, which normalize during remission at 12 weeks and 1 year. Urinary homocysteine and cysteine levels were significantly raised in FENS compared to controls and continued to be raised even at 12‐week and 1‐year remission. Conclusion Homocysteine metabolism is deranged in children with FENS. Renal effects of long‐term raised urinary homocysteine levels need to be studied.

Published
2014
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29. Sputum Protein Biomarkers in Airway Diseases: A Pilot Study

Author

Anurag Agrawal, Praveen Singh, Rahul Chakraborty, Himanshi Suri, Anurag Raj, Debasis Dash, Angira Dasgupta, Bodhisattwa Saha, Shantanu Sengupta, and Bhupesh Taneja

Subjects
Chronic bronchitis, phenotyping, Pilot Projects, International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Proteomics, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, proteomics, mucin, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, medicine, COPD, Humans, Defensin, Original Research, Asthma, business.industry, Mucin, Sputum, General Medicine, asthma, medicine.disease, Lactotransferrin, Immunology, chronic bronchitis, medicine.symptom, business, Biomarkers, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract

Angira Dasgupta,1– 3 Rahul Chakraborty,1,2 Bodhisattwa Saha,1 Himanshi Suri,1 Praveen Singh,1,2 Anurag Raj,1,2 Bhupesh Taneja,1,2 Debasis Dash,1,2 Shantanu Sengupta,1,2 Anurag Agrawal1,2 1Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; 2Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDG, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India; 3B R Singh Hospital and Centre for Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaCorrespondence: Angira DasguptaB R Singh Hospital and Centre for Medical Education and Research, Sealdah, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaTel +91 9831517266Email angiradasgupta@gmail.comBackground: Chronic mucous hypersecretion (CMH or chronic bronchitis) per se or when associated with chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has several adverse clinical consequences. The sputum fluid phase has several candidate proteins including mucins which have the potential of being therapeutic targets, but has not yet been explored in-depth. This study aimed at exploring the profile of sputum proteins in various airway diseases.Methods: Sputum from thirty-one patients with various airway diseases was collected and the fluid phase analyzed by LC-MS/MS and subsequently by sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragments ion spectra (SWATH) (n = 15) for protein quantitation. Hierarchical clustering and functional grouping were performed.Results: A total of 185 proteins were quantitated by SWATH of which 21 proteins were identified which could distinguish between the clinical phenotypes by hierarchical clustering. Functional protein clustering revealed 4 groups: those that are inflammation related, oxidative stress related, mucin related and a cytoskeletal and calcium related group. The levels of eight proteins (Azurocidin1, Neutrophil defensin 3, Lactotransferrin, Calmodulin 3, Coronin1A, Mucin 5B, Mucin 5AC and BPI fold containing family B1) were significantly altered (relative to mean) in exacerbator prone subjects compared to nonexacerbators. Another simple but useful metric which emerged from this study was total protein concentration in sputum which was significantly higher in frequent exacerbators.Conclusion: Sputum proteins can detect the various airway disease clinical phenotypes. Total protein concentration and eight other proteins are biomarkers for frequent exacerbators. The clinical and therapeutic implications of the functional groups of proteins need further evaluation.Keywords: proteomics, chronic bronchitis, asthma, COPD, mucin, phenotyping

Published
2021
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30. Worldwide Disparities in Recovery of Cardiac Testing 1 Year Into COVID-19

Author

Andrew J. Einstein, Cole Hirschfeld, Michelle C. Williams, Joao V. Vitola, Nathan Better, Todd C. Villines, Rodrigo Cerci, Leslee J. Shaw, Andrew D. Choi, Sharmila Dorbala, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Bin Lu, Valentin Sinitsyn, Alexey A. Ansheles, Takashi Kudo, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Bjarne Linde Nørgaard, Pál Maurovich-Horvat, Roxana Campisi, Elisa Milan, Lizette Louw, Adel H. Allam, Mona Bhatia, Lorenzo Sewanan, Eli Malkovskiy, Yosef Cohen, Michael Randazzo, Jagat Narula, Olga Morozova, Thomas N.B. Pascual, Yaroslav Pynda, Maurizio Dondi, Diana Paez, Gerd Hinterleitner, Yao Lu, Zhuoran Xu, Cole B. Hirschfeld, Ikenna Erinne, Mrinali Shetty, Andrew Choi, Juan Lopez-Mattei, Purvi Parwani, Artan Goda, Ervina Shirka, Salah Bouyoucef, Lydia Chelghoum, Farouk Mansouri, Abdelkader Medjahedi, Qais Naili, Mokhtar Ridouh, Diego Alasia, Lucia Alberghina, Natalia Aramayo, Diego Buchara, Franco Gabriel Busso, Jose Javier Bustos Rivadero, Jorge Camilletti, Hugo Campanelli, Ricardo Belisario Castro, Mariana Daicz, Horacio del Riego, Laura Dragonetti, Diego Echazarreta, Juan Erriest, Fernando Faccio, Adolfo Facello, Hugo Gallegos, Ricardo Geronazzo, Horacio Glait, Victor Hasbani, Victor Jäger, Julio Manuel Lewkowicz, Jose Lotti, Neiva Maciel, Osvaldo Masoli, Edgardo Mastrovito, Maria Medus, Maria Fernanda Merani, Susana Molteni, Marcos Montecinos, Gustavo Parisi, Claudio Pereyra Sueldo, Diego Perez de Arenaza, Luis Quintana, Alejandro Radzinschi, Marcela Redruello, Marina Rodríguez, Horacio Rojas, Arturo Romero Acuña, Daniel Schere, Sonia Traverso, Gustavo Vazquez, Susana Zeffiro, Mari Sakanyan, Scott Beuzeville, Raef Boktor, Michael Crowley, D'Arne Downie, Girish Dwivedi, Barry Elison, Omar Farouque, Kim Jasper, Subodh Joshi, Joseph Lee, Kenneth Lee, Elaine Lui, Peter Mcconachie, Joanne Meaker, Dee Nandurkar, Johanne Neill, Edward O'Rourke, Patricia O'Sullivan, George Pandos, Manuja Premaratne, David Prior, Natalie Rutherford, Connor Saunders, Kim Taubman, Andrew Tauro, Andrew Taylor, James Theuerle, Paul Thomas, Jonathan Tow, Anthony Upton, Shankar Vamadevan, Victor Wayne, Eva Alina Wegner, David Wong, John Younger, Dietrich Beitzke, Gudrun Feuchtner, Oliver Sommer, Konrad Weiss, Natallia Maroz-Vadalazhskaya, Uladzimir Tserakhau, Filip Homans, Caroline M. Van De Heyning, Raúl Araujo, Valentina Soldat-Stankovic, Sinisa Stankovic, Augusto Almeida, Carlos Anselmi, Guilherme S.A. Azevedo, Marcio Sommer Bittencourt, Diego Bromfman Pianta, Estevan Cabeda, Lara Carreira, Igor Coelho, Fernando de Amorim Fernandes, Andrea de Lorenzo, Roberta Delgado, Fernanda Erthal, Fabio Fernandes, Juliano Fernandes, Thiago Ferreira de Souza, Murilo Foppa, Wilson Furlan Matos Alves, Cibele Gontijo, Ilan Gottlieb, Gabriel Grossman, Maria Helena Albernaz Siqueira, Cesar Higa Nomura, Katia Hiromoto Koga, Ronaldo Lima, Rafael Lopes, Hugo Humberto Marçal Filho, Paulo Masiero, Luiz Mastrocola, Maria Eduarda Menezes de Siqueira, Claudio Mesquita, Danilo Naves, Filipe Penna, Ibraim Pinto, Thércio Rocha, Juliana Leal Rocha, Alfredo Rodrigues, Leila Salioni, Adelina Sanches, Marcelo Santos, Leonardo Sara Da Silva, Paulo Schvartzman, Cristina Sebastião Matushita, Tiago Senra, Marcelo Silva, Carlos Eduardo Soares, Bernardo Spiro, Carlos Eduardo Suaide Silva, Rafael Torres, Guilherme Urpia Monte, Andrea Vilela, Alexandre Volney Villa, Joao Vitola, Themissa Voss, Roberto Waltrick, Marcello Zapparoli, Hamid Naseer, Marina Garcheva-Tsacheva, Tiémégna Florence Ouattara, Sarameth Thou, Soley Varoeun, Gad Abikhzer, Rob Beanlands, Michael Chetrit, Dominique Dabreo, Carole Dennie, Matthias Friedrich, Mohmmed Nassoh Hafez, Kate Hanneman, Robert Miller, Anastasia Oikonomou, Idan Roifman, Gary Small, Vikas Tandon, Adwait Trivedi, James White, Katherine Zukotynski, Rita Alay, Carmen Concha, Teresa Massardo, Pedro Abad, Kelly Anzola, Harold Arturo, Luis Benitez, Alberto Cadena, Carlos Caicedo Zamudio, Antonio Calderón, Claudia T. 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Rutherford, N, Saunders, C, Taubman, K, Tauro, A, Taylor, A, Theuerle, J, Thomas, P, Tow, J, Upton, A, Vamadevan, S, Wayne, V, Wegner, E, Wong, D, Younger, J, Beitzke, D, Feuchtner, G, Sommer, O, Weiss, K, Maroz-Vadalazhskaya, N, Tserakhau, U, Homans, F, Van De Heyning, C, Araujo, R, Soldat-Stankovic, V, Stankovic, S, Almeida, A, Anselmi, C, Azevedo, G, Bittencourt, M, Pianta, D, Cabeda, E, Carreira, L, Coelho, I, de Amorim Fernandes, F, de Lorenzo, A, Delgado, R, Erthal, F, Fernandes, F, Fernandes, J, Ferreira de Souza, T, Foppa, M, Matos Alves, W, Gontijo, C, Gottlieb, I, Grossman, G, Albernaz Siqueira, M, Nomura, C, Koga, K, Lima, R, Lopes, R, Marcal Filho, H, Masiero, P, Mastrocola, L, Menezes de Siqueira, M, Mesquita, C, Naves, D, Penna, F, Pinto, I, Rocha, T, Rocha, J, Rodrigues, A, Salioni, L, Sanches, A, Santos, M, Da Silva, L, Schvartzman, P, Matushita, C, Senra, T, Silva, M, Soares, C, Spiro, B, Suaide Silva, C, Torres, R, Monte, G, Vilela, A, Villa, A, Voss, T, Waltrick, R, 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Sewanan, Lorenzo, Malkovskiy, Eli, Cohen, Yosef, Randazzo, Michael, Narula, Jagat, Morozova, Olga, Pascual, Thomas N B, Pynda, Yaroslav, Dondi, Maurizio, Paez, Diana, and Cuocolo, Alberto

Subjects
cardiac testing, Health Personnel, delivery of health care, coronavirus, COVID-19, global health, 610 Medicine & health, cardiovascular disease, health personnel, humans, pandemics, surveys and questionnaires, coronaviru, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Delivery of Health Care, Pandemics, COVID-19/epidemiology
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The extent to which health care systems have adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic to provide necessary cardiac diagnostic services is unknown.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the pandemic on cardiac testing practices, volumes and types of diagnostic services, and perceived psychological stress to health care providers worldwide.METHODS: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations from baseline in cardiovascular diagnostic care at the pandemic's onset and 1 year later. Multivariable regression was used to determine factors associated with procedure volume recovery.RESULTS: Surveys were submitted from 669 centers in 107 countries. Worldwide reduction in cardiac procedure volumes of 64% from March 2019 to April 2020 recovered by April 2021 in high- and upper middle-income countries (recovery rates of 108% and 99%) but remained depressed in lower middle- and low-income countries (46% and 30% recovery). Although stress testing was used 12% less frequently in 2021 than in 2019, coronary computed tomographic angiography was used 14% more, a trend also seen for other advanced cardiac imaging modalities (positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance; 22%-25% increases). Pandemic-related psychological stress was estimated to have affected nearly 40% of staff, impacting patient care at 78% of sites. In multivariable regression, only lower-income status and physicians' psychological stress were significant in predicting recovery of cardiac testing.CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac diagnostic testing has yet to recover to prepandemic levels in lower-income countries. Worldwide, the decrease in standard stress testing is offset by greater use of advanced cardiac imaging modalities. Pandemic-related psychological stress among providers is widespread and associated with poor recovery of cardiac testing.

Published
2022
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31. International Impact of COVID-19 on the Diagnosis of Heart Disease

Author

Einstein, A. J., Shaw, L. J., Hirschfeld, C., Williams, M. C., Villines, T. C., Better, N., Vitola, J. V., Cerci, R., Dorbala, S., Raggi, P., Choi, A. D., Lu, B., Sinitsyn, V., Sergienko, V., Kudo, T., Norgaard, B. L., Maurovich-Horvat, P., Campisi, R., Milan, E., Louw, L., Allam, A. H., Bhatia, M., Malkovskiy, E., Goebel, B., Cohen, Y., Randazzo, M., Narula, J., Pascual, T. N. B., Pynda, Y., Dondi, M., Gerd Hinterleitner, Paez D., Yao, Lu, Olga, Morozova, Zhuoran, Xu, Juan, Lopez-Mattei, Purvi, Parwani, Mohammad Nawaz Nasery, Artan, Goda, Ervina, Shirka, Rabie, Benlabgaa, Salah, Bouyoucef, Abdelkader, Medjahedi, Qais, Nailli, Mariela, Agolti, Roberto Nicolas Aguero, Maria Del Carmen Alak, Lucia Graciela Alberguina, Guillermo, Arroñada, Andrea, Astesiano, Alfredo, Astesiano, Carolina Bas Norton, Pablo, Benteo, Juan, Blanco, Juan Manuel Bonelli, Jose Javier Bustos, Raul, Cabrejas, Jorge, Cachero, Alejandro, Canderoli, Silvia, Carames, Patrícia, Carrascosa, Ricardo, Castro, Oscar, Cendoya, Luciano Martin Cognigni, Carlos, Collaud, Claudia, Cortes, Javier, Courtis, Daniel, Cragnolino, Mariana, Daicz, Alejandro De La Vega, Silvia Teresa De Maria, Horacio Del Riego, Fernando, Dettori, Alejandro, Deviggiano, Laura, Dragonetti, Mario, Embon, Ruben Emilio Enriquez, Jorge, Ensinas, Fernando, Faccio, Adolfo, Facello, Diego, Garofalo, Ricardo, Geronazzo, Natalia, Gonza, 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Semple, Naveen, Sharma, Peter, Strouhal, Deepak, Subedi, William, Topping, Katharine, Tweed, Jonathan, Weir-Mccall, Suhny, Abbara, Taimur, Abbasi, Brian, Abbott, Shady, Abohashem, Sandra, Abramson, Tarek, Al-Abboud, Mouaz, Al-Mallah, Omar, Almousalli, Karthikeyan, Ananthasubramaniam, Mohan Ashok Kumar, Jeffrey, Askew, Lea, Attanasio, Mallory, Balmer-Swain, Richard, R Bayer, Adam, Bernheim, Sabha, Bhatti, Erik, Bieging, Ron, Blankstein, Stephen, Bloom, Sean, Blue, David, Bluemke, Andressa, Borges, Kelley, Branch, Paco, Bravo, Jessica, Brothers, Matthew, Budoff, Renée, Bullock-Palmer, Angela, Burandt, Floyd, W Burke, Kelvin, Bush, Candace, Candela, Elizabeth, Capasso, Joao, Cavalcante, Donald, Chang, Saurav, Chatterjee, Yiannis, Chatzizisis, Michael, Cheezum, Tiffany, Chen, Jennifer, Chen, Marcus, Chen, Andrew, Choi, James, Clarcq, Ayreen, Cordero, Matthew, Crim, Sorin, Danciu, Bruce, Decter, Nimish, Dhruva, Neil, Doherty, Rami, Doukky, Anjori, Dunbar, William, Duvall, Rachael, Edwards, 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Matis, Michael, Mckenna, Tony, Mcrae, Fernando, Mendoza, Michael, Merhige, David, Min, Chanan, Moffitt, Karen, Moncher, Warren, Moore, Shamil, Morayati, Michael, Morris, Mahmud, Mossa-Basha, Zorana, Mrsic, Venkatesh, Murthy, Prashant, Nagpal, Kyle, Napier, Katarina, Nelson, Prabhjot, Nijjar, Medhat, Osman, Edward, Passen, Amit, Patel, Pravin, Patil, Ryan, Paul, Lawrence, Phillips, Venkateshwar, Polsani, Rajaram, Poludasu, Brian, Pomerantz, Thomas, Porter, Ryan, Prentice, Amit, Pursnani, Mark, Rabbat, Suresh, Ramamurti, Florence, Rich, Hiram Rivera Luna, Austin, Robinson, Kim, Robles, Cesar, Rodríguez, Mark, Rorie, John, Rumberger, Raymond, Russell, Philip, Sabra, Diego, Sadler, Mary, Schemmer, U Joseph Schoepf, Samir, Shah, Nishant, Shah, Sujata, Shanbhag, Gaurav, Sharma, Steven, Shayani, Jamshid, Shirani, Pushpa, Shivaram, Steven, Sigman, Mitch, Simon, Ahmad, Slim, David, Smith, Alexandra, Smith, Prem, Soman, Aditya, Sood, Monvadi Barbara Srichai-Parsia, James, Streeter, Albert, T Ahmed Tawakol, Dustin, Thomas, Randall, Thompson, Tara, Torbet, Desiree, Trinidad, Shawn, Ullery, Samuel, Unzek, Seth, Uretsky, Srikanth, Vallurupalli, Vikas, Verma, Alfonso, Waller, Ellen, Wang, Parker, Ward, Gaby, Weissman, George, Wesbey, Kelly, White, David, Winchester, David, Wolinsky, Sandra, Yost, Michael, Zgaljardic, Omar, Alonso, Mario, Beretta, Rodolfo, Ferrando, Miguel, Kapitan, Fernando, Mut, Omoa, Djuraev, Gulnora, Rozikhodjaeva, Ha Le Ngoc, Son Hong Mai, Xuan Canh Nguyen, Einstein, A. J., Shaw, L. J., Hirschfeld, C., Williams, M. C., Villines, T. C., Better, N., Vitola, J. V., Cerci, R., Dorbala, S., Raggi, P., Choi, A. D., Lu, B., Sinitsyn, V., Sergienko, V., Kudo, T., Norgaard, B. L., Maurovich-Horvat, P., Campisi, R., Milan, E., Louw, L., Allam, A. H., Bhatia, M., Malkovskiy, E., Goebel, B., Cohen, Y., Randazzo, M., Narula, J., Pascual, T. N. B., Pynda, Y., Dondi, M., Paez, D., Cuocolo, A., Einstein, A, Shaw, L, Hirschfeld, C, Williams, M, Villines, T, Better, N, Vitola, J, Cerci, R, Dorbala, S, Raggi, P, Choi, A, Lu, B, Sinitsyn, V, Sergienko, V, Kudo, T, Norgaard, B, Maurovich-Horvat, P, Campisi, R, Milan, E, Louw, L, Allam, A, Bhatia, M, Malkovskiy, E, Goebel, B, Cohen, Y, Randazzo, M, Narula, J, Pascual, T, Pynda, Y, Dondi, M, Paez, D, Pacella, S, and Erba, P

Subjects
INCAPS COVID Investigators Group, Heart disease, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular, coronavirus, global health, IAEA, Disease, Telehealth, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cardiovascular, 0302 clinical medicine, cardiovascular disease, cardiac testing, COVID-19, diagnostic techniques, cardiovascular, health care surveys, heart diseases, humans, international agencies, Pandemic, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, COVID-19 Heart Disease, Cause of death, STATEMENT, Heart Disease, International Agencie, Public Health and Health Services, Biomedical Imaging, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Heart Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Research, medicine, Humans, Personal protective equipment, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, business.industry, International Agencies, medicine.disease, the, coronaviru, Diagnostic Techniques, Good Health and Well Being, Clinical research, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Health Care Survey, Health Care Surveys, Emergency medicine, Global Health, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected diagnosis and treatment of noncommunicable diseases. Its effects on delivery of diagnostic care for cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of death worldwide, have not been quantified. OBJECTIVES The study sought to assess COVID-19`s impact on global cardiovascular diagnostic procedural volumes and safety practices. METHODS The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations in cardiovascular procedure volumes and safety practices resulting from COVID-19. Noninvasive and invasive cardiac testing volumes were obtained from participating sites for March and April 2020 and compared with those from March 2019. Availability of personal protective equipment and pandemic-related testing practice changes were ascertained. RESULTS Surveys were submitted from 909 inpatient and outpatient centers performing cardiac diagnostic procedures, in 108 countries. Procedure volumes decreased 42% from March 2019 to March 2020, and 64% from March 2019 to April 2020. Transthoradc echocardiography decreased by 59%, transesophageat echocardiography 76%, and stress tests 78%, which varied between stress modalities. Coronary angiography (invasive or computed tomography) decreased 55% (p < 0.001 for each procedure). hi multivariable regression, significantly greater reduction in procedures occurred for centers in countries with lower gross domestic product. Location in a low-income and lower-middle-income country was associated with an additional 22% reduction in cardiac procedures and less availability of personal protective equipment and teteheatth. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 was associated with a significant and abrupt reduction in cardiovascular diagnostic testing across the globe, especially affecting the world's economically challenged. Further study of cardiovascular outcomes and COVID-19-related changes in care delivery is warranted. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

Published
2021
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32. Inverted Takotsubo cardiomyopathy after attempted suicidal hanging – Two cases

Author

Shantanu Sengupta, Kunda Mungulmare, Nitin Wadaskar, and Abhishek Pande

Subjects
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, Left ventricular dysfunction, Suicidal hanging, Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

We report two cases of “Inverted Takotsubo cardiomyopathy” following attempted suicidal hanging. Both the patients presented with heart failure and had desaturation 8–12 h after the suicidal attempt. Electrocardiography (ECG) showed ischemic changes. On echocardiography, the left ventricle (LV) showed ballooning and hypokinesia of the basal segments with apical sparing. Both patients underwent coronary angiograms considering the possibility of acute coronary syndrome. However, their coronary angiograms were normal. After 3–4 days of hospitalization, both recovered; their ECG had reversed and the LV contractility was normal on echocardiography.

Published
2016
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33. Frequency spectrum of rare and clinically relevant markers in multiethnic Indian populations (ClinIndb): A resource for genomic medicine in India

Author

Uzma Shamim, Shantanu Sengupta, Pooja Sharma, Binuja Varma, Vandana Jain, Mohammed Faruq, Sana Zahra, Sara L. Hillman, Khushboo Singhal, Archana Vats, Padma Dolma, Asokachandran Vivekanand, Mitali Mukerji, Aradhana Mathur, Arti Yadav, Ankita Narang, Salwa Naushin, Bhavana Prasher, Bharathram Uppilli, Shaista Parveen, and Malika Seth

Subjects
Genetic Markers, 0303 health sciences, Resource (biology), Genotype, 030305 genetics & heredity, Ethnic group, India, Genomics, Biology, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Population, Phenotype, Evolutionary biology, Cohort, Ethnicity, Genetics, Humans, 1000 Genomes Project, Leiden Open Variation Database, Genotyping, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

There have been concerted efforts toward cataloging rare and deleterious variants in different world populations using high-throughput genotyping and sequencing-based methods. The Indian population is underrepresented or its information with respect to clinically relevant variants is sparse in public data sets. The aim of this study was to estimate the burden of monogenic disease-causing variants in Indian populations. Toward this, we have assessed the frequency profile of monogenic phenotype-associated ClinVar variants. The study utilized a genotype data set (global screening array, Illumina) from 2795 individuals (multiple in-house genomics cohorts) representing diverse ethnic and geographically distinct Indian populations. Of the analyzed variants from Global Screening Array, ~9% were found to be informative and were either not known earlier or underrepresented in public databases in terms of their frequencies. These variants were linked to disorders, namely inborn errors of metabolism, monogenic diabetes, hereditary cancers, and various other hereditary conditions. We have also shown that our study cohort is genetically a better representative of the Indian population than its representation in the 1000 Genome Project (South Asians). We have created a database, ClinIndb, linked to the Leiden Open Variation Database, to help clinicians and researchers in diagnosis, counseling, and development of appropriate genetic screening tools relevant to the Indian populations and Indians living abroad.

Published
2020
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34. Maternal vitamin B12 deficiency in rats alters DNA methylation in metabolically important genes in their offspring

Author

K. V. Shamsudheen, Subhoshree Ghose, Pujitha Kommineni, Vinay Singh Tanwar, Giriraj R. Chandak, Sridhar Sivasubbu, Sourav Ghosh, Satish Sati, Kalle Anand Kumar, Ashok Patowary, Rakesh Mishra, Vinod Scaria, Shantanu Sengupta, Lovejeet Kaur, V. Jyothi, Meghna Singh, and Manchala Raghunath

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Offspring, Clinical Biochemistry, Bisulfite sequencing, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Methylation, Epigenome, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Internal medicine, DNA methylation, medicine, Vitamin B12, Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation, Molecular Biology, Mitochondrial transport
Abstract

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a critical problem worldwide and peri-conceptional deficiency of this vitamin is associated with the risk of complex cardio-metabolic diseases. Nutritional perturbations during these stages of development may lead to changes in the fetal epigenome. Using Wistar rat model system, we have earlier shown that low maternal B12 levels are associated with low birth weight, adiposity, insulin resistance, and increased triglyceride levels in the offspring, which might predispose them to the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood. In this study, we have investigated the effects of maternal B12 deficiency on genome-wide DNA methylation profile of the offspring and the effect of rehabilitation of mothers with B12 at conception. We have performed methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing of liver from pups in four groups of Wistar rats: Control (C), B12-restricted (B12R), B12-rehabilitated at conception (B12RC), and B12-rehabilitated at parturition (B12RP). We have analyzed differentially methylated signatures between the three groups as compared to controls. We have identified a total of 214 hypermethylated and 142 hypomethylated regions in the 10 kb upstream region of transcription start site in pups of B12-deficient mothers, which are enriched in genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial transport/metabolism. B12 rehabilitation at conception and parturition is responsible for reversal of methylation status of many of these regions to control levels suggesting a causal association with metabolic phenotypes. Thus, maternal B12 restriction alters DNA methylation of genes involved in important metabolic processes and influences the offspring phenotype, which is reversed by B12 rehabilitation of mothers at conception.

Published
2020
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35. Biochemical Basis of Xylooligosaccharide Utilisation by Gut Bacteria

Author

Ravindra Pal Singh, Raja Bhaiyya, Raksha Thakur, Jayashree Niharika, Chandrajeet Singh, Dimitrios Latousakis, Gerhard Saalbach, Sergey A. Nepogodiev, Praveen Singh, Sukesh Chander Sharma, Shantanu Sengupta, Nathalie Juge, and Robert A. Field

Subjects
xylan, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Blautia producta, glycoside hydrolase, β-xylosidases, xylooligosaccharide, gut microbiota, carbohydrate-active enzymes, Bacteria, Organic Chemistry, Oligosaccharides, food and beverages, Glucuronates, General Medicine, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/manchester_institute_of_biotechnology, Catalysis, Substrate Specificity, Computer Science Applications, Inorganic Chemistry, Xylosidases, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Humans, Xylans, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny, Spectroscopy
Abstract

Xylan is one of the major structural components of the plant cell wall. Xylan present in the human diet reaches the large intestine undigested and becomes a substrate to species of the gut microbiota. Here, we characterised the capacity of Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Blautia producta strains to utilise xylan derivatives. We showed that L. reuteri ATCC 53608 and B. producta ATCC 27340 produced β-D-xylosidases, enabling growth on xylooligosaccharide (XOS). The recombinant enzymes were highly active on artificial (p-nitrophenyl β-D-xylopyranoside) and natural (xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose) substrates, and showed transxylosylation activity and tolerance to xylose inhibition. The enzymes belong to glycoside hydrolase family 120 with Asp as nucleophile and Glu as proton donor, as shown by homology modelling and confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. In silico analysis revealed that these enzymes were part of a gene cluster in L. reuteri but not in Blautia strains, and quantitative proteomics identified other enzymes and transporters involved in B. producta XOS utilisation. Based on these findings, we proposed a model for an XOS metabolism pathway in L. reuteri and B. producta strains. Together with phylogenetic analyses, the data also revealed the extended xylanolytic potential of the gut microbiota.

Published
2022
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37. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells in modeling inherited cardiomyopathies

Author

Subhoshree Ghose, Anju Sharma, Aishwarya Agarwal, and Shantanu Sengupta

Subjects
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells technology, inherited cardiomyopathy, patient-specific cell therapy, Medicine, Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Our current understanding of molecular mechanisms of cardiomyopathies has been elucidated from genetic animal models. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can provide a platform to improve our understanding of familial cardiomyopathies diseases. iPSCs are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from adult cells. Identification of mutations in patients with inherited cardiomyopathies has revealed substantial molecular complexity. In spite of the complexity, the advances of iPSC-based technology may improve our understanding of familial cardiomyopathies.

Published
2015
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38. Clinical and Demographic Profile of Diabetic Patients from Central India - Results from Diabetes Registry

Author

Anagha Sahasrabuddhe, Shailesh Pitale, Pramod Gandhi, Prashant Joshi, Ajay Sakhare, Nikhil Balankhe, Shankar Khobragade, Shantanu Sengupta, Sunil Ambulkar, Mukund Ganeriwal, Jayashri Shembalkar, and Sanjay Naidu

Subjects
Endocrinology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Abstract

This study was done to analyse the demographic profile and presentation of diabetes in Central India.Data was collected for this cross-sectional study from an electronic diabetes registry from 2014 to 2019. Demographic details, patient history and presence or absence of co-morbid conditions, duration of diabetes, age of onset of diabetes, drug history, personal history, presence of micro and/or macrovascular complications and investigations done were obtained.The association between each factor and the outcome was studied in terms of prevalence ratio (PR) using the R-3.0.0 programming (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) language. Statistical significance was evaluated at a 5% level.Among 12,434 patients, 54.95% were below 50 years and 45.05% were above 50 years. 50.21% were females and 49.79% were males. The mean age was 47.49 ± 14.78 years and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.85 ± 5.19 kg/mFrom a large population study on diabetes, it was found a majority of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases (65%) are sub-optimally controlled with HbA1c levels. Also, microvascular complications were related to the sub-optimal glycaemic control, but not the macro-vascular complications.

Published
2022

39. A machine learning-based approach to determine infection status in recipients of BBV152 whole virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for serological surveys

Author

Prateek Singh, Rajat Ujjainiya, Satyartha Prakash, Salwa Naushin, Viren Sardana, Nitin Bhatheja, Ajay Pratap Singh, Joydeb Barman, Kartik Kumar, Raju Khan, Karthik Bharadwaj Tallapaka, Mahesh Anumalla, Amit Lahiri, Susanta Kar, Vivek Bhosale, Mrigank Srivastava, Madhav Nilakanth Mugale, C.P Pandey, Shaziya Khan, Shivani Katiyar, Desh Raj, Sharmeen Ishteyaque, Sonu Khanka, Ankita Rani, null Promila, Jyotsna Sharma, Anuradha Seth, Mukul Dutta, Nishant Saurabh, Murugan Veerapandian, Ganesh Venkatachalam, Deepak Bansal, Dinesh Gupta, Prakash M Halami, Muthukumar Serva Peddha, Gopinath M Sundaram, Ravindra P Veeranna, Anirban Pal, Ranvijay Kumar Singh, Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan, Parimala Karuppanan, Syed Nasar Rahman, Gopika Selvakumar, Subramanian Venkatesan, MalayKumar Karmakar, Harish Kumar Sardana, Animika Kothari, DevendraSingh Parihar, Anupma Thakur, Anas Saifi, Naman Gupta, Yogita Singh, Ritu Reddu, Rizul Gautam, Anuj Mishra, Avinash Mishra, Iranna Gogeri, Geethavani Rayasam, Yogendra Padwad, Vikram Patial, Vipin Hallan, Damanpreet Singh, Narendra Tirpude, Partha Chakrabarti, Sujay Krishna Maity, Dipyaman Ganguly, Ramakrishna Sistla, Narender Kumar Balthu, A Kiran Kumar, Siva Ranjith, B Vijay Kumar, Piyush Singh Jamwal, Anshu Wali, Sajad Ahmed, Rekha Chouhan, Sumit G Gandhi, Nancy Sharma, Garima Rai, Faisal Irshad, Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal, MasroorAhmad Paddar, Sameer Ullah Khan, Fayaz Malik, Debashish Ghosh, Ghanshyam Thakkar, S K Barik, Prabhanshu Tripathi, Yatendra Kumar Satija, Sneha Mohanty, Md. Tauseef Khan, Umakanta Subudhi, Pradip Sen, Rashmi Kumar, Anshu Bhardwaj, Pawan Gupta, Deepak Sharma, Amit Tuli, Saumya Ray chaudhuri, Srinivasan Krishnamurthi, L Prakash, Ch V Rao, B N Singh, Arvindkumar Chaurasiya, Meera Chaurasiyar, Mayuri Bhadange, Bhagyashree Likhitkar, Sharada Mohite, Yogita Patil, Mahesh Kulkarni, Rakesh Joshi, Vaibhav Pandya, Sachin Mahajan, Amita Patil, Rachel Samson, Tejas Vare, Mahesh Dharne, Ashok Giri, Shilpa Paranjape, G. Narahari Sastry, Jatin Kalita, Tridip Phukan, Prasenjit Manna, Wahengbam Romi, Pankaj Bharali, Dibyajyoti Ozah, Ravi Kumar Sahu, Prachurjya Dutta, Moirangthem Goutam Singh, Gayatri Gogoi, Yasmin BegamTapadar, Elapavalooru VSSK Babu, Rajeev K Sukumaran, Aishwarya R Nair, Anoop Puthiyamadam, PrajeeshKooloth Valappil, Adrash Velayudhan Pillai Prasannakumari, Kalpana Chodankar, Samir Damare, Ved Varun Agrawal, Kumardeep Chaudhary, Anurag Agrawal, Shantanu Sengupta, and Debasis Dash

Abstract

Data science has been an invaluable part of the COVID-19 pandemic response with multiple applications, ranging from tracking viral evolution to understanding the effectiveness of interventions. Asymptomatic breakthrough infections have been a major problem during the ongoing surge of Delta variant globally. Serological discrimination of vaccine response from infection has so far been limited to Spike protein vaccines used in the higher-income regions. Here, we show for the first time how statistical and machine learning (ML) approaches can discriminate SARS-CoV-2 infection from immune response to an inactivated whole virion vaccine (BBV152, Covaxin, India), thereby permitting real-world vaccine effectiveness assessments from cohort-based serosurveys in Asia and Africa where such vaccines are commonly used. Briefly, we accessed serial data on Anti-S and Anti-NC antibody concentration values, along with age, sex, number of doses, and number of days since the last vaccine dose for 1823 Covaxin recipients. An ensemble ML model, incorporating a consensus clustering approach alongside the support vector machine (SVM) model, was built on 1063 samples where reliable qualifying data existed, and then applied to the entire dataset. Of 1448 self-reported negative subjects, 724 were classified as infected. Since the vaccine contains wild-type virus and the antibodies induced will neutralize wild type much better than Delta variant, we determined the relative ability of a random subset of such samples to neutralize Delta versus wild type strain. In 100 of 156 samples, where ML prediction differed from self-reported uninfected status, Delta variant, was neutralized more effectively than the wild type, which cannot happen without infection. The fraction rose to 71.8% (28 of 39) in subjects predicted to be infected during the surge, which is concordant with the percentage of sequences classified as Delta (75.6%-80.2%) over the same period.

Published
2021
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40. Adaptive capacity to dietary Vitamin B12 levels is maintained by a gene‐diet interaction that ensures optimal life span

Author

Tripti Nair, Rahul Chakraborty, Praveen Singh, Sabnam Sahin Rahman, Akash Kumar Bhaskar, Shantanu Sengupta, and Arnab Mukhopadhyay

Subjects
Original Paper, Aging, Vitamin B12, p38‐MAPK, flr‐4, Longevity, Cell Biology, Original Papers, Diet, Vitamin B 12, gene expression, one‐carbon metabolism, Animals, osmotic stress, Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, life span
Abstract

Diet regulates complex life‐history traits such as longevity. For optimal lifespan, organisms employ intricate adaptive mechanisms whose molecular underpinnings are less known. We show that Caenorhabditis elegans FLR‐4 kinase prevents lifespan differentials on the bacterial diet having higher Vitamin B12 levels. The flr‐4 mutants are more responsive to the higher B12 levels of Escherichia coli HT115 diet, and consequently, have enhanced flux through the one‐carbon cycle. Mechanistically, a higher level of B12 transcriptionally downregulates the phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase pmt‐2 gene, which modulates phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels. Pmt‐2 downregulation activates cytoprotective gene expression through the p38‐MAPK pathway, leading to increased lifespan only in the mutant. Evidently, preventing bacterial B12 uptake or inhibiting one‐carbon metabolism reverses all the above phenotypes. Conversely, supplementation of B12 to E. coli OP50 or genetically reducing PC levels in the OP50‐fed mutant extends lifespan. Together, we reveal how worms maintain adaptive capacity to diets having varying micronutrient content to ensure a normal lifespan., Multiple genes interact to maintain physiological homeostasis when Caenorhabditis elegans feeds on the varied diet it encounters in its ecological niche. Worms harboring a kinase‐dead version of the FLR‐4 protein are more responsive to the higher dietary Vitamin B12 present in Escherichia coli HT115. This boosts the flux through the one‐carbon metabolism, leading to reduction in phosphatidylcholine levels. Since the mutant FLR‐4 fails to prevent p38‐MAPK activation, these animals have better health and life span.

Published
2021
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41. High failure rate of ChAdOx1-nCoV19 immunization against asymptomatic infection in healthcare workers during a Delta variant surge

Author

Rajat Ujjainiya, Akansha Tyagi, Viren Sardana, Salwa Naushin, Nitin Bhatheja, Kartik Kumar, Joydeb Barman, Satyartha Prakash, Rintu Kutum, Akash Kumar Bhaskar, Prateek Singh, Kumardeep Chaudhary, Menka Loomba, Yukti Khanna, Chestha Walecha, Rizwan Ahmed, Ashutosh Yadav, Archana Bajaj, Gaurav Malik, Sahar Qureshi, Swati Waghdhare, Samreen Siddiqui, Kamal Krishan Trehan, Manju Mani, Rajiv Dang, Poonam Das, Pankaj Dougall, Monica Mahajan, Sudipta Sonar, Kamini Jakhar, Reema Kumar, Mahima Tiwari, Shailendra Mani, Sankar Bhattacharyya, Sandeep Budhiraja, Anurag Agrawal, Debasis Dash, Sujeet Jha, and Shantanu Sengupta

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, SARS-CoV-2, Health Personnel, Vaccination, General Physics and Astronomy, COVID-19, Humans, Immunization, General Chemistry, Asymptomatic Infections, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

Immunization is expected to confer protection against infection and severe disease for vaccines while reducing risks to unimmunized populations by inhibiting transmission. Here, based on serial serological studies of an observational cohort of healthcare workers, we show that during a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -Coronavirus 2 Delta-variant outbreak in Delhi, 25.3% (95% Confidence Interval 16.9-35.2) of previously uninfected, ChAdOx1-nCoV19 double vaccinated, healthcare workers were infected within less than two months, based on serology. Induction of anti-spike response was similar between groups with breakthrough infection (541 U/ml, Inter Quartile Range 374) and without (342 U/ml, Inter Quartile Range 497), as was the induction of neutralization activity to wildtype. This was not vaccine failure since vaccine effectiveness estimate based on infection rates in an unvaccinated cohort were about 70% and most infections were asymptomatic. We find that while ChAdOx1-nCoV19 vaccination remains effective in preventing severe infections, it is unlikely to be completely able to block transmission and provide herd immunity.

Published
2021

42. A diet-independent zebrafish model for NAFLD recapitulates patient lipid profiles and offers a system for small molecule screening

Author

Manoj K Singh, Rohit Yadav, Akash Kumar Bhaskar, Shantanu Sengupta, and Chetana Sachidanandan

Subjects
Rosiglitazone, Inflammation, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Interleukin-6, Animals, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Cell Biology, Diet, High-Fat, digestive system, Molecular Biology, Zebrafish, Triglycerides, digestive system diseases
Abstract

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) or pathological hepatic lipid overload, is considered to affect obese individuals. However, NAFLD in lean individuals is prevalent, especially in South Asian population. The pathophysiology of lean NAFLD is not well understood and most animal models of NAFLD use the high-fat diet paradigm. To bridge this gap, we have developed a diet-independent model of NAFLD in zebrafish. We have previously showed that chronic systemic inflammation causes metabolic changes in the liver leading to hepatic fat accumulation in an IL6 overexpressing (IL6-OE) zebrafish model. In the present study, we compared the hepatic lipid composition of adult IL6-OE zebrafish to the controls and found an accumulation of saturated triacylglycerols and a reduction in the unsaturated triacylglycerol species reminiscent of NAFLD patients. Zebrafish is an ideal system for chemical genetic screens. We tested whether the hepatic lipid accumulation in the IL6-OE is responsive to chemical treatment. We found that PPAR-gamma agonist Rosiglitazone, known to reduce lipid overload in the high fat diet models of NAFLD, could ameliorate the fatty liver phenotype of the IL6-OE fish. Rosiglitazone treatment reduced the accumulation of saturated lipids and showed a concomitant increase in unsaturated TAG species in our inflammation-induced NAFLD model. Our observations suggest that the IL6-OE model can be effective for small molecule screening to identify compounds that can reverse hepatic lipid accumulation, especially relevant to lean NAFLD.

Published
2023
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43. Studies on different growth regulators and stage of application on inflorescence induction and development of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) Var. Queen

Author

Kaushal Kumar, AK Tiwary, Usha Kumari, KK Jha, Shantanu Sengupta, Sri Prakash Misra, and HC Lal

Subjects
Horticulture, Combined treatment, Inflorescence, Randomized block design, Biology, Ananas, biology.organism_classification
Abstract

The experimentation entitled, “Studies on different growth regulators and stage of application on inflorescence induction and development of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) Var. Queen” was carried out at the Agri-technology Park, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi during 2017-2020. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with two factors i.e. factor A- growth regulators (G) and factor B- stage of application (S). These factors consist of twelve and three levels respectively, thirty six treatment combinations with three replications. The experiment was conducted on pineapple plants of Queen Variety. The growth regulators i.e. NAA 10ppm (G1), NAA 20ppm (G2), Ethrel 10ppm (G3), Ethrel 30ppm (G4), Ethrel 50ppm (G5), NAA 10ppm + Ethrel 10ppm (G6), NAA 10ppm + Ethrel 30ppm (G7), NAA 10ppm + Ethrel 50ppm (G8), NAA 20ppm + Ethrel 10ppm (G9), NAA 20ppm + Ethrel 30ppm (G10), NAA 20ppm + Ethrel 50ppm (G11) and Control (G12) by foliar application were applied at 30,35 and 40 leaves stage. Among the different treatment combination the treatment G4S3 (Ethrel 30ppm at 40 leaves stage) noted the minimum days taken for completion of flowering and days required for fruit maturity.

Published
2020
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44. Dehydration-induced alterations in chloroplast proteome and reprogramming of cellular metabolism in developing chickpea delineate interrelated adaptive responses

Author

Shantanu Sengupta, Niranjan Chakraborty, Subhra Chakraborty, Sunil Kumar, Nilesh Vikam Lande, Pragya Barua, Swati Varshney, and Dipak Gayen

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Chloroplasts, Nuclear gene, Proteome, Physiology, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, Organelle, Genetics, Humans, Plant Proteins, Dehydration, biology, Cytochrome b6f complex, RuBisCO, food and beverages, Cicer, Cell biology, Chloroplast, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, Retrograde signaling, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Chloroplast, the energy organelle unique to photosynthetic eukaryotes, executes several crucial functions including photosynthesis. While chloroplast development and function are controlled by the nucleus, environmental stress modulated alterations perceived by the chloroplasts are communicated to the nucleus via retrograde signaling. Notably, coordination of chloroplast and nuclear gene expression is synchronized by anterograde and retrograde signaling. The chloroplast proteome holds significance for stress responses and adaptation. We unraveled dehydration-induced alterations in the chloroplast proteome of a grain legume, chickpea and identified an array of dehydration-responsive proteins (DRPs) primarily involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and stress response. Notably, 12 DRPs were encoded by chloroplast genome, while the rest were nuclear-encoded. We observed a coordinated expression of different multi-subunit protein complexes viz., RuBisCo, photosystem II and cytochrome b6f, encoded by both chloroplast and nuclear genome. Comparison with previously reported stress-responsive chloroplast proteomes showed unique and overlapping components. Transcript abundance of several previously reported markers of retrograde signaling revealed relay of dehydration-elicited signaling events between chloroplasts and nucleus. Additionally, dehydration-triggered metabolic adjustments demonstrated alterations in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. This study offers a panoramic catalogue of dehydration-responsive signatures of chloroplast proteome and associated retrograde signaling events, and cellular metabolic reprograming.

Published
2020
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45. Micro RNAs upregulated in Vitiligo skin play an important role in its aetiopathogenesis by altering TRP1 expression and keratinocyte-melanocytes cross-talk

Author

Chandni Sood, Swati Varshney, Shreya Ghosh, Rajesh S. Gokhale, Rajni Rani, Utpreksha Vaish, Shantanu Sengupta, Hemanta Kumar Kar, Pankaj Sharma, Vivek T. Natarajan, and Avinash Kumar

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Tyrosinase, Science, Vitiligo, Biology, Article, Melanin, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Downregulation and upregulation, medicine, TYRP1, Melanosome, Multidisciplinary, Epidermis (botany), integumentary system, High-throughput screening, medicine.disease, Protein-protein interaction networks, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, miRNAs, Medicine, Keratinocyte, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Translation of genes is regulated by many factors including microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNA profiling of lesional and non-lesional epidermal RNA from 18 vitiligo patients revealed significant upregulation of 29 miRNAs in the lesional epidermis, of which 6 miRNAs were transfected in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) to study their downstream effects using quantitative proteomics. Many proteins involved in oxidative stress, Vesicle trafficking, Cellular apoptosis, Mitochondrial proteins and Keratins were regulated after miRNA transfections in the keratinocytes. However, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP1/TYRP1), a melanogenesis protein, was consistently downregulated in NHEKs by all the six miRNAs tested, which was quite intriguing. TRP1 was also downregulated in lesional epidermis compared with non-lesional epidermis. Since melanocytes synthesize and transfer melanosomes to the surrounding keratinocytes, we hypothesized that downregulation of TRP1 in NHEKs may have a role in melanosome transfer, which was confirmed by our co-culture experiments. Downregulation of TRP1 in keratinocytes negatively affected the melanosome transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes resulting in melanin accumulation which may be leading to melanin induced cytotoxicity in melanocytes. Regulation of key processes involved in aetiopathogenesis of vitiligo along with TRP1 suggests that miRNAs act in an integrated manner which may be detrimental for the loss of melanocytes in vitiligo.

Published
2019

46. A comparative study of the proteome regulated by the Rpb4 and Rpb7 subunits of RNA polymerase II in fission yeast

Author

Deepak Kumar, Swati Varshney, Nimisha Sharma, and Shantanu Sengupta

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Proteome, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biophysics, Ribosome biogenesis, RNA polymerase II, Biochemistry, Ribosome, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Transcription (biology), Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Schizosaccharomyces, Messenger RNA, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, biology, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Protein Subunits, 030104 developmental biology, Protein Biosynthesis, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, biology.protein, RNA Polymerase II, Ribosomes, Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Abstract

RNA polymerase II is a conserved multi-subunit enzyme made up of twelve different subunits. Two of these subunits, Rpb4 and Rpb7, have been shown to perform functions in both transcription as well as outside of transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, our knowledge about the roles of these subunits in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and higher eukaryotes is still limited. Moreover, both Rpb4 and Rpb7 are indispensable for viability of S. pombe and higher eukaryotes, in comparison to S. cerevisiae where deletion of only Rpb7 results in lethality. Therefore in this study, we used S. pombe strains expressing reduced levels of these subunits to determine their impact on the S. pombe proteome employing i–TRAQ based proteomics approach. Furthermore, proteomic profiling was carried out at two different time points to gain a temporal insight into the processes regulated by Rpb4 and Rpb7. The results showed that reduced levels of either Rpb4 or Rpb7 affected the expression of proteins involved in metabolism and ribosome biogenesis at both the time points. Our polysomal profiling experiments further revealed a role of these subunits in translation. Taken together, our results suggest a key role of Rpb4 and Rpb7 subunits in ribosome biogenesis and protein translation in S. pombe. Significance Rpb4 and Rpb7 subunits of RNA polymerase II are known for their diverse roles in regulating transcription, mRNA export, mRNA decay, stress response and translation in S. cerevisiae. However, their roles in other organisms are yet to be characterized in detail. Different lines of evidence also suggest that these subunits may function independently as well as a complex in budding yeast. Therefore, in the present study we employed a genome-wide quantitative proteomics-based approach to gain deeper insights into their cellular roles, and to examine if they regulate similar or different biological pathways in fission yeast. Our results provide evidence that they are both involved in primarily regulating metabolic pathways and ribosome biogenesis and also, play a role in protein translation in S. pombe.

Published
2019
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47. Hydrolysis of homocysteine thiolactone results in the formation of Protein‐Cys‐S‐S‐homocysteinylation

Author

Swati Varshney, Yumnam Silla, Trayambak Basak, Shantanu Sengupta, Ciriaco Carru, Arjun Ray, Angelo Zinellu, and Varatharajan Sabareesh

Subjects
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Homocysteine, Lysine, Serum Albumin, Human, Thioester, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Structural Biology, medicine, Humans, Cysteine, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Hydrolysis, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Albumin, Human serum albumin, Amino acid, chemistry, Thiol, Protein Binding, medicine.drug
Abstract

An increased level of homocysteine, a reactive thiol amino acid, is associated with several complex disorders and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A majority (>80%) of circulating homocysteine is protein bound. Homocysteine exclusively binds to protein cysteine residues via thiol disulfide exchange reaction, the mechanism of which has been reported. In contrast, homocysteine thiolactone, the cyclic thioester of homocysteine, is believed to exclusively bind to the primary amine group of lysine residue leading to N-homocysteinylation of proteins and hence studies on binding of homocysteine thiolactone to proteins thus far have only focused on N-homocysteinylation. Although it is known that homocysteine thiolactone can hydrolyze to homocysteine at physiological pH, surprisingly the extent of S-homocysteinylation during the exposure of homocysteine thiolactone with proteins has never been looked into. In this study, we clearly show that the hydrolysis of homocysteine thiolactone is pH dependent, and at physiological pH, 1 mM homocysteine thiolactone is hydrolysed to ~0.71 mM homocysteine within 24 h. Using albumin, we also show that incubation of HTL with albumin leads to a greater proportion of S-homocysteinylation (0.41 mol/mol of albumin) than N-homocysteinylation (0.14 mol/mol of albumin). S-homocysteinylation at Cys34 of HSA on treatment with homocysteine thiolactone was confirmed using LC-MS. Further, contrary to earlier reports, our results indicate that there is no cross talk between the cysteine attached to Cys34 of albumin and homocysteine attached to lysine residues.

Published
2019
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48. Dehydration-responsive alterations in the chloroplast proteome and cell metabolomic profile of rice reveals key stress adaptation responses

Author

Dipak Gayen, Pragya Barua, Swati Varshney, Nilesh Vikram Lande, Shantanu Sengupta, Niranjan Chakraborty, and Subhra Chakraborty

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, chemistry.chemical_classification, Metabolite, food and beverages, Plant Science, Photosynthesis, Proteomics, 01 natural sciences, Amino acid, Citric acid cycle, Chloroplast, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030104 developmental biology, Metabolomics, chemistry, Biochemistry, Proteome, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Chloroplast is a semi-autonomous organelle in plants and other photosynthetic eukaryotes, playing a fundamental role of regulating photosynthesis. It is also responsible for sustaining essential biosynthetic reactions including synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids and terpenes. Photosynthesis, the conversion of light energy into chemical energy, serves as the sensor of environmental changes and augments different cellular functions to initiate adaptive responses. However, the molecular processes and regulatory mechanisms of dehydration tolerance adopted by chloroplast remain largely unknown. To gain a better understanding of dehydration response, a chloroplast proteome map of rice was developed. Four-week-old rice seedlings were subjected to dehydration by withholding water for 9 d, and the magnitude of dehydration-induced damage to the chloroplast was monitored. The iTRAQ-based quantitative proteome analysis led to the identification of 40 d ifferentially r egulated p roteins (DRPs). The DRPs were presumably involved in a wide array of metabolic processes including chloroplast energy metabolism, photosynthesis and defense response. Furthermore, dehydration-induced changes in the metabolite profile and network analysis revealed a high abundance of branched chain amino acids and sugar that might reduce osmotic potential, thereby protecting cellular integrity. The proteomics approach revealed altered status of major photosynthesis related proteins, while cell metabolite profile demonstrated alteration of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, indicating dehydration-triggered alterations in ATP production and energy metabolism. Altogether, these results demonstrated that the global regulation of chloroplast proteome is intimately linked to cellular metabolic rewiring of adaptive responses, which may favor genetic manipulation of crop species for better adaptation.

Published
2019
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49. Dehydration-induced proteomic landscape of mitochondria in chickpea reveals large-scale coordination of key biological processes

Author

Swati Varshney, Saurabh Gayali, Pragya Barua, Subhra Chakraborty, Nilesh Vikram Lande, Dipak Gayen, Niranjan Chakraborty, and Shantanu Sengupta

Subjects
Proteomics, 0301 basic medicine, Dehydration, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, Acclimatization, Biophysics, Metabolic network, Cellular homeostasis, Oxidative phosphorylation, Mitochondrion, Biology, Biochemistry, Cicer, Mitochondria, Cell biology, Mitochondrial Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Metabolic pathway, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Proteome, Function (biology), Plant Proteins
Abstract

Mitochondria play crucial roles in regulating multiple biological processes particularly electron transfer and energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells. Exposure to water-deficit or dehydration may affect mitochondrial function, and dehydration response may dictate cell fate decisions. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteome of a winter legume, chickpea, demonstrated the central metabolic alterations in mitochondria, presumably involved in dehydration adaptation. Three-week-old chickpea seedlings were subjected to progressive dehydration and the magnitude of dehydration-induced compensatory physiological responses was monitored in terms of physicochemical characteristics and mitochondrial architecture. The proteomics analysis led to the identification of 40 dehydration-responsive proteins whose expressions were significantly modulated by dehydration. The differentially expressed proteins were implicated in different metabolic processes, with obvious functional tendencies toward purine-thiamine metabolic network, pathways of carbon fixation and oxidative phosphorylation. The linearity of dehydration-induced proteome alteration was examined with transcript abundance of randomly selected candidates under multivariate stress conditions. The differentially regulated proteins were validated through sequence analysis. An extensive sequence based localization prediction revealed >62.5% proteins to be mitochondrial resident by, at least, one prediction algorithm. The results altogether provide intriguing insights into the dehydration-responsive metabolic pathways and useful clues to identify crucial proteins linked to stress tolerance. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Investigation on plant mitochondrial proteome is of significance because it would allow a better understanding of mitochondrial function in plant adaptation to stress. Mitochondria are the unique organelles, which play a crucial role in energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis, particularly when exposed to stress conditions. Chickpea is one of the cultivated winter legumes, which enriches soil nitrogen and has very low water footprint and thus contributes to fortification of sustainable agriculture. We therefore examined the dehydration-responsive mitochondrial proteome landscape of chickpea and queried whether molecular interplay of mitochondrial proteins modulate dehydration tolerance. A total of 40 dehydration-induced mitochondrial proteins were identified, predicted to be involved in key metabolic processes. Our future efforts would focus on understanding both posttranslational modification and processing for comprehensive characterization of mitochondrial protein function. This approach will facilitate mining of more biomarkers linked to the tolerance trait and contribute to crop adaptation to climate change.

Published
2019
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50. Genomic characterization and Epidemiology of an emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant in Delhi, India

Author

Priyanka Singh, Manoj Kumar Singh, Ravindra K. Gupta, Vigneshwar Senthivel, Neha Jha, Namita Soni, Rahul C. Bhoyar, Swapnil Mishra, Debasis Dash, Shantanu Sengupta, Ranjeet Maurya, VR Arvinden, Uma Sharma, Hemlata Lall, Pooja Sharma, Mercy Rophina, Sujeet Kumar Singh, Thomas A. Mellan, Priyanka Mehta, Sandhya Kabra, Lipi Thukral, Preeti Madan, Rajesh Pandey, Viren Sardana, Nitin Batheja, Seth Flaxman, Partha Rakshit, Saman Fatihi, Robin Marwal, Samir Bhatt, Mohit Kumar Divakar, Rajat Ujjainiya, Mohamed Imran, Bani Jolly, Kalaiarasan Ponnusamy, Mahesh Shanker Dhar, Mohammed Faruq, Charles Whittaker, A Vivekanand, Meena Datta, V. S. Radhakrishnan, Urmila Chaudhary, Himanshu Chauhan, Sanket Kulkarni, Salwa Naushin, Anurag Agrawal, and Hema Gogia

Subjects
education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, Transmission (medicine), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Population, Context (language use), Vaccination, Geography, Cohort, Epidemiology, Pandemic, medicine, education, Demography
Abstract

In April 2021, after successfully enduring three waves of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic in 2020, and having reached population seropositivity of about 50%, Delhi, the national capital of India was overwhelmed by the fourth wave. Here, we trace viral, host, and social factors contributing to the scale and exponent of the fourth wave, when compared to preceding waves, in an epidemiological context. Genomic surveillance data from Delhi and surrounding states shows an early phase of the upsurge driven by the entry of the more transmissible B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC) into the region in January, with at least one B.1.1.7 super spreader event in February 2021, relatable to known mass gatherings over this period. This was followed by seeding of the B.1.617 VOC, which too is highly transmissible, with rapid expansion of B.1.617.2 sub-lineage outpacing all other lineages. This unprecedented growth of cases occurred in the background of high seropositivity, but with low median neutralizing antibody levels, in a serially sampled cohort. Vaccination breakthrough cases over this period were noted, disproportionately related to VOC in sequenced cases, but usually mild. We find that this surge of SARS-CoV2 infections in Delhi is best explained by the introduction of a new highly transmissible VOC, B.1.617.2, with likely immune-evasion properties; insufficient neutralizing immunity, despite high seropositivity; and social behavior that promoted transmission.

Published
2021
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