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This study aimed to examine the development of an online learning application in the physics for school course using the ADDIE model. The application is Learning Management System Supported Smartphone (LMS3), which facilitates pre-service physics teachers to enhance digital literacy. The need assessment was analysed based on learning objectives and designed LMS3 using a flow chart and storyboard. LMS3 was developed by professional programmers, filled with content, and validated by experts. It was then implemented and evaluated in the physics for school course. This descriptive study involved media and pedagogical experts and 40 pre-service physics teachers in Tasikmalaya. Data were collected through literature reviews, expert validation, and pre-service physics teacher perception questionnaires obtained using a Likert scale. The expert validation results were processed using the value equation developed by Aiken. The results showed a validation value of 1, meeting the minimum application requirements. Additionally, pre-service physics teachers positively responded to LMS3, which has good display, function, and effect on their learning motivation and digital literacy.

Augmented Reality (AR) is an optical technology that combines virtual objects or worlds into real worlds like in real time and increases user perceptions and interactions with the real world. Information conveyed by virtual objects helps users carry out activities (tasks) in the real world. The convenience offered makes AR technology can be used for various fields, including education, such as the development of materials or learning media. Augmented reality in its development is more comfortable, cheaper, and can be widely implemented in various multimedia needs. This research is a study of the development of multimedia based on augmented reality to produce dynamic learning materials or media in supporting the concept of smart learning. This research provides multimedia models of mathematics for circles, ellipses, parabola, and hyperbole based on augmented reality to create more dynamic learning as smart learning. Multimedia is produced according to operational standards and meets content standards based on media experts, content, and users. Multimedia-based augmented reality math is easy to operate, helps, and increases understanding and increases student motivation.

This research aims to investigate the use of Edmodo as web-based learning in learning thermal physics in junior high school. The analysis of this research focused on students' cognitive and motivation in the classroom. The method used in this research was quasi-experiment with the pretest-posttest design. One class taken as a sample in this research comes from one of an international school in Padalarang. The quantitative data of this research was gained through the objective test (pretest-posttest) based on Bloom's Taxonomy and questioner of motivation based on ARCS Motivational Design. Data processing was done by SPSS 20.0. The result of this research shows that there is an improvement of student cognitive C2 until C5 after learning using Edmodo. The average score in pretest was 45.89 and improve to 72.63. The result of normalized gain was 0.49, it included as a medium improvement. Edmodo also increases student motivation in learning thermal physics.

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This research aims to develop an ocean wave energy converter kit from low-cost materials as a teaching tool. The kit is developed using the working principle of a wave energy converter that uses a buoy as a system drive and a weight balancer that is connected to a chain. The dimensions of the kit are 6.7 × 0.3 × 0.4 m (length × width × height) with the ratio of the final wheel used is 1:40. The kit generated electricity when the system was driven by a buoy that utilized vertical wave action. The test kit was carried out in the marine engineering laboratory through three stages each using a wave period of 1 s, 2 s, and 3 s at a wave height of 0.1 m, 0.15 m and 0.20 m. The observed data was the voltage generated by the kit using a digital multimeter. The observed data is the amount of voltage generated by the developed kit, and each observation takes 60 s. Based on observations during the experiment, the kit was functioning properly. The results showed that with a greater wave period, the kit produced smaller voltage, and with a greater wave height, the kit produced greater voltage. We finally found that the voltage generated by the kit was affected by the wave period and wave height.

Virtual laboratory is one of the solutions that can be used for practical or experimental activities in the context of independent learning on an independent campus, which is carried out outside the laboratory, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, in practice, there are several obstacles so the use of virtual laboratories has not been massive. This study aims to analyze the student's perspective on the virtual laboratory in forcing conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method uses a survey with a questionnaire technique to capture the perspectives of students of the Biology Education Study Program at one of the universities in West Java. The perspectives studied include innovation, urgency, usefulness, and motivation which are grouped into positive and negative perspectives. The results showed that most of the students had a positive perspective on the virtual laboratory by 81.64%, and a negative perspective of 18.36%. Among the four indicators, motivation is the smallest positive perspective although it is larger than the negative perspective. This research can give the conclusion that the virtual laboratory needs to be continuously developed along with the improvement of students' technological skills or literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to create a prototype of a mobile game that can be used as an instructional media for mathematics learning in school and then test the effectiveness of the product for the result. This research uses the research and development (R&D) method with the subject of research being 35 students of the third-grade elementary school in Cirebon. The process of creating mobile game prototypes consists of analyzing the user's needs, prototype design, trial and error, evaluation and revision, validation, implementation, and the final result of a prototype. In analyzing a user's needs the following steps were included, analysis of the curriculum, content, concepts, and characteristics of users, in this case, are 3rd-grade students in elementary school. The main content of this research is fraction concepts such as knowing their concept, the symbols, comparing fractions, their equal value, sorting fractions, and adding or subtracting fractions with the same denominator. All the analysis was put into prototype design to create flowcharts, storyboards, and interfaces. The results of the prototype design were then tested by trial and error on small samples. After revision, the final prototype then got validation from expert judgment with notes that can be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the presented work was to show that contemporary researchers recognize the potential of urban gardening in improving urban retention, and that the contemporary scientific literature mentions specific problems-indicators of retention that can be useful for developing guidelines for authorities and gardeners on the management and development of urban gardens, such as allotments and community gardens, considering their role as a retention tool. In this study, a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed scientific articles from popular scientific databases such as Web of Sciences, Science Direct, Springer and MDPI was performed, which was, besides literature analysis, the main method of research. Definitions of urban garden retention indicators were developed, which are: rainwater/stormwater infrastructure (collecting rainwater water - special infrastructure); watering systems (system for providing water strait to plants); planting type (garden plants: flowers, vegetables, fruits, herbs on beds - no turf: lawn or turf with dicotyledonous plants). The most frequent groups of indicators in the articles were also identified. The study also analyzed the distribution of surveyed articles between continents, noting the overrepresentation of articles from North America and the absence of articles from South America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]