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1,281 results on '"Service de Parasitologie Mycologie"'

1. Toxoplasmosis in patients with an autoimmune disease and immunosuppressive agents: A multicenter study and literature review

Author: Marie-Fleur Durieux, Jean-Guillaume Lopez, Maher Banjari, Karine Passebosc-Faure, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Luc Paris, Gilles Gargala, Sabine Berthier, Julie Bonhomme, Cathy Chemla, Isabelle Villena, Pierre Flori, Emilie Fréalle, Coralie L’Ollivier, Florian Lussac-Sorton, José Gilberto Montoya, Estelle Cateau, Christelle Pomares, Loïc Simon, Dorothée Quinio, Florence Robert-Gangneux, Hélène Yera, Marc Labriffe, Anne-Laure Fauchais, Marie-Laure Dardé, Hôpital Dupuytren [CHU Limoges], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Service de Parasitologie Mycologie [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU), COVID-Mucor study group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements (ABTE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Service de Microbiologie [CHU Caen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Service des Agents Infectieux et Hygiène [CHU Saint-Etienne], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU LIlle], Institut de Microbiologie [CHRU Lille], Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Poitiers), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Nice, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Groupe de Recherche en Informatique, Image et Instrumentation de Caen (GREYC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Strasbourg, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], and The French National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis received financial support by Santé Publique France (the national public health agency, https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr) for genotyping study, but no author has personally received grant.
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Toxoplasma, Immunosuppressive Agents, Autoimmune Diseases
Abstract: Background Cases of Toxoplasma reactivation or more severe primary infection have been reported in patients receiving immunosuppressive (IS) treatment for autoimmune diseases (AID). The purpose of this study was to describe features of toxoplasmosis occurring in patients with AID treated by IS therapy, excluded HIV-positive and transplant patients. Methods A multicenter descriptive study was conducted using data from the French National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis (NRCT) that received DNA extracts or strains isolated from patients, associated with clinical data. Other cases were retrieved through a questionnaire sent to all French parasitology and internal medicine departments. Furthermore, a systematic literature review was conducted. Results 61 cases were collected: 25 retrieved by the NRCT and by a call for observations and 36 from a literature review. Half of the cases were attributed to reactivation (50.9%), and most of cases (49.2%) were cerebral toxoplasmosis. The most common associated AID were rheumatoid arthritis (28%) and most frequent treatments were antimetabolites (44.3%). Corticosteroids were involved in 60.7% of cases. Patients had a favorable outcome (50.8%) but nine did not survive. For 12 cases, a successful Toxoplasma strain characterization suggested the possible role of this parasitic factor in ocular cases. Conclusion Although this remains a rare condition, clinicians should be aware for the management of patients and for the choice of IS treatment.
Published: 2022

2. Occurrence of Invasive Pulmonary Fungal Infections in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Admitted to the ICU

Author: Sophie Demeret, Alexandre Lampros, Antoine Monsel, Corentin Poignon, Arnaud Fekkar, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Jean-Michel Constantin, Julien Mayaux, Marion Blaize, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (Département ' R3S '), Service de Neurophysiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service d'Anesthésie réanimation [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases [IHU ICAN], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition = Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (IHU ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pulmonary Fungal Infections, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), viruses, Disease, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Aspergillosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Medicine, aspergillosis, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Significant risk, Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, fungal infection, aspergillus, COVID-19, virus diseases, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030228 respiratory system, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, business
Abstract: International audience; Rationale:Whether severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a significant risk factor for the development of invasive fungal superinfections is of great medical interest and remains, for now, an open question.Objectives: We aim to assess the occurrence of invasive fungal respiratory superinfections in patients with severe COVID-19.Methods: We conducted the study on patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–related pneumonia admitted to five ICUs in France who had respiratory and serum sampling performed for specific screening of fungal complications.Measurements and Main Results: The study population included a total of 145 patients; the median age was 55 years old. Most of them were male (n = 104; 72%), were overweight (n = 99; 68%), and had hypertension (n = 83; 57%) and diabetes (n = 46; 32%). Few patients presented preexisting host risk factors for invasive fungal infection (n = 20; 14%). Their global severity was high; all patients were on invasive mechanical ventilation, and half (n = 73, 54%) were on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Mycological analysis included 2,815 mycological tests (culture, galactomannan, β-glucan, and PCR) performed on 475 respiratory samples and 532 sera. A probable/putative invasive pulmonary mold infection was diagnosed in 7 (4.8%) patients and linked to high mortality. Multivariate analysis indicates a significantly higher risk for solid organ transplant recipients (odds ratio, = 4.66; interquartile range, 1.98–7.34; P = 0.004). False-positive fungal test and clinically irrelevant colonization, which did not require the initiation of antifungal treatment, was observed in 25 patients (17.2%).Conclusions: In patients with no underlying immunosuppression, severe SARS-CoV-2–related pneumonia seems at low risk of invasive fungal secondary infection, especially aspergillosis.
Published: 2021

3. Terbinafine Resistance in Dermatophytes: A French Multicenter Prospective Study

Author: Alicia Moreno-Sabater, Anne-Cécile Normand, Anne-Laure Bidaud, Geneviève Cremer, Françoise Foulet, Sophie Brun, Christine Bonnal, Nawel Aït-Ammar, Arnaud Jabet, Aymen Ayachi, Renaud Piarroux, Françoise Botterel, Sandrine Houzé, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Christophe Hennequin, Eric Dannaoui, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Service de parasitologie [Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Dynamic Microbiology - EA 7380 (DYNAMIC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est (UPE)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], terbinafine, resistance, dermatophytes, Trichophyton, Trichophyton indotineae, Plant Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: In recent years, we have moved from the sporadic description of terbinafine-resistant (TerR) Trichophyton spp. isolates to the Indian outbreak due to T. indotineae. Population flows have spread TerR worldwide, altering local epidemiology. We conducted a prospective multicentric study to determine the relative frequency of TerR isolates in France (Paris area) and of the newly introduced T. indotineae species. TerR isolates were screened by the terbinafine-containing-agar-medium (TCAM) method and confirmed by EUCAST. Sequencing methods were used to identify isolates to the species/genotype level and to analyze substitutions in the squalene epoxidase gene (SQLE). In total, 3 isolates out of 580 (T. rubrumn = 1; T. interdigitalen = 1; T. indotineaen = 1) grew on TCAM, showed terbinafine resistance by EUCAST and harbored the Phe397Leu (n = 2) or Leu393Ser (n = 1) substitution in the SQLE. ITS-sequencing of isolates of the T. mentagrophytes/interdigitale complex (n = 125) revealed a relative frequency of 4.8% for T. indotineae and the presence of T. mentagrophytes genotype VII. Despite the detection of terbinafine resistance, isolates from this complex remained susceptible to itraconazole, voriconazole and amorolfine. Terbinafine resistance is present in France and the dermatophyte epidemiology is changing. Efficient systems must be implemented to survey the evolution of newly introduced species and to identify TerR isolates.
Published: 2022
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4. COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis, Fungemia, and Pneumocystosis in the Intensive Care Unit: a Retrospective Multicenter Observational Cohort during the First French Pandemic Wave

Author: Bretagne, Stéphane, Sitbon, Karine, Botterel, Françoise, Dellière, Sarah, Letscher-Bru, Valérie, Chouaki, Taieb, Bellanger, Anne-Pauline, Bonnal, Christine, Fekkar, Arnault, Persat, Florence, Costa, Damien, Bourgeois, Nathalie, Dalle, Frédéric, Lussac-Sorton, Florian, Paugam, André, Cassaing, Sophie, Hasseine, Lilia, Huguenin, Antoine, Guennouni, Nadia, Mazars, Edith, Le Gal, Solène, Sasso, Milène, Brun, Sophie, Cadot, Lucile, Cassagne, Carole, Cateau, Estelle, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Moniot, Maxime, Roux, Anne-Laure, Tournus, Céline, Desbois-Nogard, Nicole, Le Coustumier, Alain, Moquet, Olivier, Alanio, Alexandre, Dromer, Françoise, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé (GEMS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, CHU Henri Mondor [Créteil], Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale [Strasbourg], Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Laboratoire de parasitologie et de mycologie médicales [CHU Amiens], CHU Amiens-Picardie, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de parasitologie et mycologie médicale [Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon], Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Montpellier), Pôle Biologie-Pathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Nice, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre hospitalier [Valenciennes, Nord], Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Hôpital Universitaire Carémeau [Nîmes] (CHU Nîmes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Service de Parasitologie [Avicenne], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Centre Hospitalier de Beauvais, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The NRCMA is supported by Santé Publique France and Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé (CNRS-UMR2000), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Henri Mondor, Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Hôpital Henri Mondor, Laboratoire de parasitologie et mycologie médicale [CHU Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie[Bichat], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]
Subjects: Male, Antifungal Agents, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Mannans, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: COVID-19, aspergillosis, MESH: Treatment Outcome, MESH: Aged, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Middle Aged, fungemia, Coinfection, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Middle Aged, QR1-502, Intensive Care Units, Treatment Outcome, Aspergillus, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, MESH: Pulmonary Aspergillosis, France, Research Article, MESH: Galactose, Microbiology, pneumocystosis, MESH: Mannans, MESH: Critical Care, MESH: Fungemia, Humans, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, Aged, Retrospective Studies, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH: Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Galactose, COVID-19, MESH: Retrospective Studies, MESH: Antifungal Agents, MESH: Male, MESH: Coinfection, MESH: France, critical care, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, MESH: Intensive Care Units, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Pulmonary Aspergillosis, MESH: Female, MESH: Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic means, host factors, delay of occurrence, and outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and fungal coinfections in the intensive care unit (ICU). From 1 February to 31 May 2020, we anonymously recorded COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), fungemia (CA-fungemia), and pneumocystosis (CA-PCP) from 36 centers, including results on fungal biomarkers in respiratory specimens and serum. We collected data from 154 episodes of CAPA, 81 of CA-fungemia, 17 of CA-PCP, and 5 of other mold infections from 244 patients (male/female [M/F] ratio = 3.5; mean age, 64.7 ± 10.8 years). CA-PCP occurred first after ICU admission (median, 1 day; interquartile range [IQR], 0 to 3 days), followed by CAPA (9 days; IQR, 5 to 13 days), and then CA-fungemia (16 days; IQR, 12 to 23 days) (P < 10-4). For CAPA, the presence of several mycological criteria was associated with death (P < 10-4). Serum galactomannan was rarely positive (
Published: 2021

5. Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy: Practical Management

Author: Mandelbrot, Laurent, Kieffer, F., Wallon, M., Winer, Norbert, Massardier, J., Picone, O., Fuchs, Florent, Peyron, F., Benoist, G., Garcia-Meric, P., L’ollivier, C., Paris, L., Piarroux, R., Villena, I., Hôpital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Institut Desbrest de santé publique (IDESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique [Hôpital Louis-Mourier - APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique [Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Sulfonamides, Diagnostic anténatal, Mother-to-child transmission, Foetopathies, Prenatal diagnosis, Amniocentèse, Traitement in utero, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Toxoplasmose, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Congenital, Fetal therapy, Grossesse, Spiramycine, Pyrimethamine, Pyriméthamine, Fetal infection, Congénitale, Pregnancy, Transmission mère-enfant, Prophylaxie, Spiramycin, Amniocentesis, Sulfamides, Toxoplasmosis
Abstract: International audience; The burden of congenital toxoplasmosis has become small in France today, in particular as a result of timely therapy for pregnant women, fetuses and newborns. Thus, the French screening and prevention program has been evaluated and recently confirmed despite a decline over time in the incidence of toxoplasmosis. Serological diagnosis of maternal seroconversion is usually simple but can be difficult when the first trimester test shows the presence of IgM, requiring referral to an expert laboratory. Woman with confirmed seroconversion should be referred quickly to an expert center, which will decide with her on treatment and antenatal diagnosis. Although the level of proof is moderate, there is a body of evidence in favor of active prophylactic prenatal treatment started as early as possible (ideally within 3 weeks of seroconversion) to reduce the risk of maternal-fetal transmission, as well as symptoms in children. The recommended therapies to prevent maternal-fetal transmission are: (1) spiramycin in case of maternal infection before 14 gestational weeks; (2) pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine (P-S) with folinic acid in case of maternal infection at 14 WG or more. Amniocentesis is recommended to guide prenatal and neonatal care. If fetal infection is diagnosed by PCR on amniotic fluid, therapy with P-S should be initiated as early as possible or continued in order reduce the risk of damage to the brain or eyes. Further research is required to validate new approaches to preventing congenital toxoplasmosis.
Published: 2021

6. COVID-19–related Respiratory Failure and Lymphopenia Do Not Seem Associated with Pneumocystosis

Author: Marion Blaize, Charles Edouard Luyt, Arnaud Fekkar, Julien Mayaux, Alexandre Lampros, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (Département ' R3S '), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases [IHU ICAN], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition = Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (IHU ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Pneumocystis carinii, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Broncho-alveolar lavage, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Lymphopenia, Correspondence, Pneumocystosis, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, Coinfection, SARS-CoV-2, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, COVID-19, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Respiratory failure, Immunology, Respiratory Insufficiency, business
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

7. Invasive aspergillosis due to Aspergillus cryptic species: A prospective multicentre study

Author: Laurence Lachaud, Christine Schuttler, Damien Costa, Lilia Hasseine, Sophie Cassaing, Marion Blaize, Juliette Guitard, Frédéric Gabriel, Sébastien Imbert, Sophie Brun, Renaud Piarroux, Arnaud Fekkar, Anne-Cécile Normand, Marijke Hendrickx, Hélène Raberin, Christine Bonnal, Lise Kristensen, Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Aarhus University Hospital, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Institut Scientifique de Santé Publique [Belgique] - Scientific Institute of Public Health [Belgium] (WIV-ISP), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Species complex, Antifungal Agents, Aspergillus calidoustus, Dermatology, Aspergillosis, molecular epidemiology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Species level, Drug Resistance, Fungal, medicine, Humans, EUCAST, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Sensu stricto, Aged, azole prophylaxis, High rate, Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, cryptic species, invasive aspergillosis, 0303 health sciences, Aspergillus, Molecular epidemiology, biology, 030306 microbiology, General Medicine, antifungal resistance, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Aspergillus sublatus, Invasive aspergillosis, Female, France, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; ObjectivesAspergillus cryptic species are increasingly recognised causes of Aspergillus diseases, including life-threatening invasive aspergillosis (IA). However, as their accurate identification remains challenging in a routine practice, few is known from a clinical and epidemiological perspective. Recently, the MSI application has emerged as a powerful tool for the detection and identification of Aspergillus cryptic species. We aimed to use to the network of users of the MSI application to conduct a multicentre prospective screening of Aspergillus cryptic species-related IA and analyse their epidemiological, clinical and mycological characteristics.MethodsOver a 27-month period, the clinical involvement of 369 Aspergillus cryptic isolates, from 13 French and Danish MSI application users, was prospectively analysed. Species identification was confirmed by DNA-sequencing and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using EUCAST reference method. Fifty-one A fumigatus sensu stricto invasive cases were also analysed.ResultsFifteen cryptic isolates were responsible of IA. Eight species were involved, including 5 cases related to the species A sublatus. These species showed high rate of in vitro low susceptibility to antifungal drugs. In comparison with A fumigatus sensu stricto invasive cases, pre-exposure to azole drugs was significantly associated with cryptic IA (P = .02).DiscussionThis study brings new insights in cryptic species related IA and underlines the importance to identify accurately at the species level these Aspergillus isolates. The increasing use of antifungal drugs might lead in the future to an epidemiologic shift with an emergence of resistant isolates involved in IA.
Published: 2021

8. Using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry to identify mushroom species -Proof of concept analysis of Amanita genus specimens

Author: Raphaël Pierre Piarroux, Patrick Collombon, Frédéric Grenouillet, Frédéric Gabriel, Anne-Cécile Normand, Martine Piarroux, Philippe Louasse, LDBIO Diagnostics, CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Timone, Marseille], Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Société de Mycologie de France (SMF), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Amanita, 030106 microbiology, Mushroom Poisoning, Mass spectrometry, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Agaricales, Amanita phalloides, Mushroom poisoning, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Mushroom, Food poisoning, Chromatography, biology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, food poisoning, France, Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Abstract: Food poisoning caused by toxic mushrooms, such as species in the Amanita genus, occurs frequently around the world. To properly treat these patients, it is important to rapidly and accurately identify the causal species. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry is a rapid technique that has been used in medical laboratories for the past three decades to identify bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-Tof MS) is a rapid method used for the past three decades to identify microorganisms. In this study, we created and internally validated a MALDI-Tof MS reference database comprising 15 Amanita species frequently encountered in France, and we challenged this database with 38 Amanita specimens from four French locations, using a free online application for MALDI-ToF spectra identifications.Assessment of the database showed that mass spectra can be obtained by analyzing any portion of a carpophore and that all portions enabled identification of the carpophore at the species level. Most carpophores were correctly identified using our database, with the exception of specimens from the Vaginatae section. Decay tests also demonstrated that decayed portions (like those found in the kitchen garbage can) of Amanita phalloides mushrooms could be properly identified using MALDI-ToF MS.Our findings provide important insight for toxicology laboratories that often rely on DNA sequencing to identify meal leftovers implicated in food poisoning. In future developments, this technique could also be used to detect counterfeit mushrooms by including other genera in the reference database.Lay SummaryMALDI-ToF MS is a powerful identification tool for microorganisms. We demonstrate that the technique can be applied to Amanita specimens. This will prevent food intoxications as a rapid and definite identification can be obtained, and it can also be used for food remnants.
Published: 2021

9. Earliest case of Candida auris infection imported in 2007 in Europe from India prior to the 2009 description in Japan

Author: Marie Desnos-Ollivier, Stéphane Bretagne, Arnaud Fekkar, Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), This work was supported by Institut Pasteur and Santé Publique France., We thank the Mutualized Platform for Microbiology (P2M, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France) for whole genome sequencing., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), AUGUSTE, Christèle, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Whole genome sequencing, 0303 health sciences, whole genome sequencing, 030306 microbiology, short tandem repeat, Outbreak, India, Biology, Candida auris, Virology, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 3. Good health, Multiple drug resistance, Europe, 03 medical and health sciences, Emerging pathogen, Infectious Diseases, Clade, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology
Abstract: International audience; Candida auris is an emerging pathogen frequently associated with multidrug resistance and involved in many worldwide outbreaks. We here report the first European imported case in France due to isolate belonging of the South Indian clade I and the importance of prevention measure to avoid fungal spreading.
Published: 2021

10. Clinical Origin and Species Distribution of Fusarium spp. Isolates Identified by Molecular Sequencing and Mass Spectrometry: A European Multicenter Hospital Prospective Study

Author: Damien Costa, Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi, Marcel Brandenberger, Renaud Piarroux, Christine Schuttler, Anne-Cécile Normand, Elisa Rubio, Lilia Hasseine, Sophie Cassaing, Laurence Delhaes, Lise Kristensen, Caroline Mahinc, Arnaud Fekkar, Sébastien Imbert, Stéphane Ranque, Sophie Brun, Ann Packeu, Juliette Guitard, Boualem Sendid, C. Bonnal, Arnaud Riat, Marc Sautour, Erja Chryssanthou, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), CIC - CHU Bichat, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), University of Barcelona, Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux], Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, CHU Lille, Aarhus University Hospital, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Radboud University Medical Centre [Nijmegen, The Netherlands], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Fusariosis, Fusarium, Species complex, MALDI ToF mass spectrometry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Species distribution, fusariosis, mALDI ToF mass spectrometry, Plant Science, Computational biology, Biology, Mass spectrometry, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, DNA database, medicine, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Fusarium species complex, 030306 microbiology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, elongation factor, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Elongation factor, lcsh:Biology (General), Identification (biology)
Abstract: Fusarium spp. are widespread environmental fungi as well as pathogens that can affect plants, animals and humans. Yet the epidemiology of human fusariosis is still cloudy due to the rapidly evolving taxonomy. The Mass Spectrometry Identification database (MSI) has been developed since 2017 in order to allow a fast, accurate and free-access identification of fungi by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization—time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Taking advantage of the MSI database user network, we aim to study the species distribution of Fusarium spp. isolates in an international multicenter prospective study. This study also allowed the assessment of the abilities of miscellaneous techniques to identify Fusarium isolates at the species level. The identification was performed by PCR-sequencing and phylogenic-tree approach. Both methods are used as gold standard for the evaluation of mass spectrometry. Identification at the species complex was satisfactory for all the tested methods. However, identification at the species level was more challenging and only 32% of the isolates were correctly identified with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) DNA database, 20% with the Bruker MS database and 43% with the two MSI databases. Improvement of the mass spectrometry database is still needed to enable precise identification at the species level of any Fusarium isolates encountered either in human pathology or in the environment.
Published: 2021

11. Validation of Swab Sampling and SYBR Green-Based Real-Time PCR for the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in French Guiana

Author: D. Blanchet, Marine Ginouves, P. Couppié, Ghislaine Prévot, M. Demar, Cécile Nabet, Romain Blaizot, Christophe Ravel, Stéphane Simon, Département de dermatologie [CH andré-Rosemont, Cayenne], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Biome Tropical et Immuno-Pathophysiologie = Tropical Biome and ImmunoPhysiopathology [Lille] (TBIP), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses - Laboratoire Associé de Cayenne = National Reference Centre for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (associate laboratory) [Cayenne], Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses [CHRU Montpellier] (CNR-L), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), This work did not receive any specific funding but received routine funding from the National Reference Centre for Leishmaniasis., Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, 030231 tropical medicine, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, cutaneous leishmaniasis, 0302 clinical medicine, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, law, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sanger sequencing, biology, business.industry, Sampling (statistics), Diagnostic test, DNA, Protozoan, South America, medicine.disease, Leishmania, biology.organism_classification, Virology, French Guiana, 3. Good health, neglected tropical disease, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, PCR, diagnostic test, symbols, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Parasitology, Cotton swab, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, business, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
Abstract: Recent studies have highlighted the interest in noninvasive sampling procedures coupled with real-time PCR methods for the detection of Leishmania species in South America. In French Guiana, the sampling method still relied on skin biopsies. Noninvasive protocols should be tested on a large annual cohort to improve routine laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of a new Leishmania detection and species identification protocol involving cotton swabs and SYBR green-based real-time PCR of the Hsp70 gene, coupled with Sanger sequencing., Recent studies have highlighted the interest in noninvasive sampling procedures coupled with real-time PCR methods for the detection of Leishmania species in South America. In French Guiana, the sampling method still relied on skin biopsies. Noninvasive protocols should be tested on a large annual cohort to improve routine laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of a new Leishmania detection and species identification protocol involving cotton swabs and SYBR green-based real-time PCR of the Hsp70 gene, coupled with Sanger sequencing. Between May 2017 and May 2018, 145 patients with ulcerated lesions compatible with cutaneous leishmaniasis were included in the study at the Cayenne Hospital and its remote health centers. Each patient underwent scrapings for a smear, skin biopsies for parasite culture and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (RNA polymerase II), and sampling with a cotton swab for SYBR green-based PCR. The most accurate diagnostic test was the SYBR green-based PCR on swab samples, showing 98% sensitivity. The mean PCR cycle threshold (CT) was 24.4 (minimum CT, 17; maximum CT, 36) and was
Published: 2021

12. New assessment of Anopheles vector species identification using MALDI-TOF MS

Author: Abdoulaye K. Kone, Mohammed Yattara, Renaud Piarroux, Ousmane Faye, Mahamadou A. Thera, Abdoul Habib Beavogui, Magali Gautier, Moussa Sylla, Leo Braack, Abdoulaye Kane Dia, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Sylvie Manguin, Cécile Nabet, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Malaria Research and Training Center [Bamako, Mali], Université de Bamako, Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Sénégal (UGB), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale [Maférinyah, Guinée] (CNFRSR), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Mahidol University [Bangkok], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Anopheles gambiae, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Mosquito Vectors, Mali, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Species Specificity, parasitic diseases, Anopheles, Animals, Thorax (insect anatomy), MALDI-TOF MS, lcsh:RC109-216, Cephalothorax, biology, Research, Thorax, biology.organism_classification, Blood meal, Senegal, Taxonomic identification, Malaria, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Malaria vectors, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Vector (epidemiology), Legs, Female, Guinea, Head
Abstract: Background Anopheles species identification is essential for an effective malaria vector control programme. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) has been developed to identify adult Anopheles species, using the legs or the cephalothorax. The protein repertoire from arthropods can vary according to compartment, but there is no general consensus regarding the anatomic part to be used. Methods To determine the body part of the Anopheles mosquitoes best suited for the identification of field specimens, a mass spectral library was generated with head, thorax with wings and legs of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus obtained from reference centres. The MSL was evaluated using two independent panels of 52 and 40 An. gambiae field-collected in Mali and Guinea, respectively. Geographic variability was also tested using the panel from Mali and several databases containing added specimens from Mali and Senegal. Results Using the head and a database without specimens from the same field collection, the proportion of interpretable and correct identifications was significantly higher than using the other body parts at a threshold value of 1.7 (p Conclusions The using of the head of Anopheles may improve the performance of MALDI-TOF MS. Region-specific mass spectrum databases will have to be produced. Further research is needed to improve the standardization in order to share online spectral databases.
Published: 2021

13. Hospital outbreak of fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis: arguments for clonal transmission and long-term persistence

Author: Laure Kamus, Renaud Piarroux, Dimitri Kornblum, Anne-Cécile Normand, Arnaud Fekkar, Sébastien Imbert, Audrey Raoelina, Adrien Bouglé, Marion Blaize, Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and HAL-SU, Gestionnaire
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Candida parapsilosis, fungal outbreak, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Intensive care, Epidemiology, fluconazole, medicine, nosocomial infections, voriconazole, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Genotyping, Candida, Pharmacology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, 030306 microbiology, Transmission (medicine), Incidence (epidemiology), Outbreak, antifungal resistance, biology.organism_classification, Virology, candidiasis, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Fluconazole, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; The worldwide emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic fungi is a threat to human health. At this very moment, an emergence of Candida parapsilosis isolates harbouring a resistance to fluconazole, one of the most popular antifungal drugs, is being described in several countries. We seek to better understanding the epidemiology, pathogenicity and transmission of resistant Candida parapsilosis Faced with an outbreak of invasive infections due to resistant isolates of C. parapsilosis, we performed a 7-year retrospective and prospective analysis of 283 C. parapsilosis isolates collected in 240 patients, among who 111 had invasive candidiasis. Study included review of hospital records, genotyping analysis and susceptibility testing that allow determining the type and outcome of infections, as well as the spatial and temporal spread of clusters. Overall the incidence of azole resistance was 7.5%. Genotyping analysis unveiled several previously undetected outbreaks and clonal spread of susceptible and resistant isolates over a long period of time. In comparison with susceptible isolates, resistant ones have a more restricted genetic diversity and seem to be more likely to spread and more frequently associated with invasive infections. In intensive care units, patients with invasive infections due to resistant isolates had poorer outcome (overall mortality at day 30 of 40%; 4/10) than susceptible ones (overall mortality at day 30 of 26.5%; 9/34). Our results suggest that the propensity of C. parapsilosis to spread on an epidemic fashion is underestimated, which warrants reinforced control and epidemiological survey of this species.
Published: 2021

14. Revisiting Species Identification within the Enterobacter cloacae Complex by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

Author: Anne Cécile Normand, Philipe Morand, Catherine Eckert, Renaud Piarroux, Yahia Benzerara, Alexandra Aubry, Salah Gallah, Nicolas Veziris, Alexandre Godmer, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Bactériologie et d'Hygiène Hospitalière [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], HAL-SU, Gestionnaire, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Databases, Factual, Physiology, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Computer science, Enterobacter, Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight, Computational biology, Mass spectrometry, Enterobacter hormaechei, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Species level, Bacterial Proteins, Enterobacter cloacae, Genetics, Species identification, Humans, MALDI-TOF MS, 030304 developmental biology, mass spectrometry, 0303 health sciences, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, 030306 microbiology, Online database, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Cell Biology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, QR1-502, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Identification (information), Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, Infectious Diseases, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Algorithms, Research Article
Abstract: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is commonly used by clinical microbiology laboratories to identify pathogens, despite some limitations of the technique. The Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) taxonomy has recently been expanded, leading to uncertain identification of some species within the ECC when commercial MALDI-TOF MS is used. This technique is especially unsuited in the case of E. hormaechei, the main species responsible for infections and one of the most prone, within the ECC, to acquire antibiotic resistance. Hence, rapid and reliable identification at the species level could improve patient management. Here, we evaluated the performance of the Bruker Microflex MALDI-TOF MS instrument to identify ECC isolates using two databases and algorithms in comparison to the hsp60 gene sequencing reference method: the Bruker database included in the MALDI Biotyper software and an extensive online database coupled to an original Mass Spectrometric Identification (MSI) algorithm. Among a panel of 94 ECC isolates tested in triplicate, the online database coupled to MSI software allowed the highest rate of identification at the species level (92%) compared to the MALDI Biotyper database (25%), especially for the species E. hormaechei (97% versus 20%). We show that by creating a database of MALDI-TOF reference spectral profiles with a high number of representatives associated with the performant MSI software, we were able to substantially improve the identification of the E. cloacae complex members, with only 8% of isolates misidentified at the species level. This online database is available through a free online MSI application (https://msi.happy-dev.fr/). IMPORTANCE Creation of a database of MALDI-TOF reference spectral profiles with a high number of representatives associated with the performant MSI software enables substantial improvement in identification of E. cloacae complex members. Moreover, this online database is available through a free online MSI application (https://msi.happy-dev.fr/).
Published: 2021

15. Poppers, by Inducing HHV-8 Virion Production, Can Act as a Promoter for HHV-8 Transmission in Men Who Have Sex With Men

Author: Jean-Philippe Spano, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Valentin Leducq, Jean-Claude Alvarez, Vincent Calvez, Aude Jary, Sébastien Imbert, Islam Amine Larabi, Christine Katlama, Gentiane Monsel, Anne Simon, Romain Palich, Luminita Schneider, Adélie Gothland, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: viruses, chemsex, Population, poppers, HHV-8 production, Men who have sex with men, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, medicine, MSM, education, HHV-8, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Transmission (medicine), business.industry, Brief Report, virus diseases, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Virology, humanities, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, Oncology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, HIV PrEP, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Amyl nitrite, Human herpesvirus, medicine.drug
Abstract: Environmental factors were reported to increase the risk of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) transmission. In a population of men who have sex with men (MSM), we found evidence that chemsex was associated with human herpesvirus 8 seropositivity in vivo and that poppers induced HHV-8 virion production in vitro. Our finding may explain the higher HHV-8 transmission in MSM.
Published: 2020

16. 8-Alkynyl-3-nitroimidazopyridines display potent antitrypanosomal activity against both T. b. brucei and cruzi

Author: Line Seguy, Cyril Fersing, Sébastien Hutter, Marc Since, Alexandre Destere, Bertrand Courtioux, Julien Pedron, Sophie Corvaisier, Elisa Boutet-Robinet, Pascal Rathelot, Alexis Valentin, Alix Sournia-Saquet, Jean Yves Brossas, Caroline Castera-Ducros, Dominique Mazier, Sandra Bourgeade-Delmas, Aurélie Malzert-Fréon, Susan Wyllie, Romain Paoli-Lombardo, Clotilde Boudot, Patrice Vanelle, Jean Luc Stigliani, Nicolas Primas, Luc Paris, Nadine Azas, Emilie Pinault, Pierre Verhaeghe, Alan H. Fairlamb, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Biologie Intégrative Santé Chimie Environnement (BISCEm), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Dundee, Contaminants & Stress Cellulaire (ToxAlim-COMICS), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), CHU Limoges, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CCSD, Accord Elsevier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN)
Subjects: SARs, Pyridines, Stereochemistry, Trypanosoma cruzi, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Sonogashira coupling, 01 natural sciences, Structure-Activity Relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitroaromatic, Parasitic Sensitivity Tests, Drug Discovery, medicine, Moiety, Cytotoxicity, Comet assay, Imidazo[1, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, 2-a]pyridine, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Molecular Structure, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Kinetoplastids, General Medicine, Nitroreductases, Trypanocidal Agents, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Nitroimidazoles, Benznidazole, Pharmacophore, Lead compound, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Imidazo[1,2-alpha]pyridine, Fexinidazole, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; An antikinetoplastid pharmacomodulation study was done at position 8 of a previously identified pharmacophore in 3-nitroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine series. Twenty original derivatives bearing an alkynyl moiety were synthesized via a Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction and tested in vitro, highlighting 3 potent (40 nM ≤ EC50 blood stream form≤ 70 nM) and selective (500 ≤ SI ≤ 1800) anti-T. brucei brucei molecules (19, 21 and 22), in comparison with four reference drugs. Among these hit molecules, compound 19 also showed the same level of activity against T. cruzi (EC50 amastigotes = 1.2 μM) as benznidazole and fexinidazole. An in vitro comet assay showed that nitroaromatic derivative 19 was not genotoxic. It displayed a low redox potential value (-0.68 V/NHE) and was shown to be bioactivated by type 1 nitroreductases both in Leishmania and Trypanosoma. The SAR study indicated that an alcohol function improved aqueous solubility while maintaining good activity and low cytotoxicity when the hydroxyl group was at position beta of the alkyne triple bond. Hit-compound 19 was also evaluated regarding in vitro pharmacokinetic data: 19 is BBB permeable (PAMPA assay), has a 16 min microsomal half-life and a high albumin binding (98.5%). Moreover, compound 19 was orally absorbed and was well tolerated in mouse after both single and repeated administrations at 100 mg/kg. Its mouse plasma half-life (10 h) is also quite encouraging, paving the way toward further efficacy evaluations in parasitized mouse models, looking for a novel antitrypanosomal lead compound.
Published: 2020

17. [The surprising disappearance of cholera in Haiti]

Author: Piarroux, Renaud, Rebaudet, Stanislas, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Européen [Fondation Ambroise Paré - Marseille], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Dupuis, Christine
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Haiti, MESH: Humans, MESH: Cholera, Cholera, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Humans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Haiti
Abstract: International audience; No abstract provided.
Published: 2020

18. Antifungal susceptibility testing practices in mycology laboratories in France, 2018

Author: E. Mazars, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Isabelle Accoceberry, Valérie Letscher-Bru, B. Bouteille, O. Augereau, V. Risco-Castillo, Sophie Brun, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Arnaud Fekkar, Jacques Guillot, E. Bailly, André Paugam, Y. Le Govic, R.-A. Lavergne, Taieb Chouaki, C. Angebault, Emilie Frealle, Damien Costa, Adela Angoulvant, J. Dorin, Florence Persat, P. Bourdeau, Eric Dannaoui, Céline Nourrisson, Julie Bonhomme, S. Larréché, K. Brunet, Françoise Foulet, L. Hasseine, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Y. Senghor, Stéphane Ranque, A.-M. Camin-Ravenne, Marie Machouart, Juliette Guitard, N. Desbois, F. Bert, Françoise Botterel, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Laurence Lachaud, S. Le Gal, Sophie Cassaing, Milène Sasso, Marc Sautour, Boualem Sendid, A. Fiacre, Antoine Huguenin, C. Bonnal, M. Cornet, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de parasitologie [Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Hôpital universitaire Bichat, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Dynamic Microbiology - EA 7380 (DYNAMIC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est (UPE)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHRO), Hôpital Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques - Fungal Biology and Pathogenicity (BPF), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), CHU Limoges, Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Pharmacologie des anti-infectieux (PHAR), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier de Bigorre [Tarbes], Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU Fort de France-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU LIlle], Institut de Microbiologie [CHRU Lille], Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Ecologie du parasitisme - EA 3609 (ECOPA), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Service de Santé des Armées, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), CHU Valenciennes, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Biomatériaux Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation - U 1286 (INFINITE (Ex-Liric)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), We are very grateful to Dominique Toubas for all the help she provided for the preparation and smooth running of our meeting. We also thank all our colleagues who participate to the meeting and discuss the results of the present survey., Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Research Group Dynamyc , EA 7380, EnvA (DynamYc), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est (UPE), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Centre Hospitalier de Bigorre (Tarbes), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP*, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France, EA3609, Laboratoire ECOPA, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity / Recherche Translationnelle et Innovation en Médecine et Complexité - UMR 5525 (TIMC ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)
Subjects: Antifungal, Quality Control, medicine.medical_specialty, Susceptibility testing, Laboratory Proficiency Testing, Antifungal Agents, medicine.drug_class, Laboratory practice, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycology, History, 21st Century, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, Drug Resistance, Fungal, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Medical physics, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Antifungal susceptibility testing, Etest, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 030306 microbiology, Professional Practice, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Mic values, MIC value interpretation, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, France, Laboratories
Abstract: International audience; A survey of mycology laboratories for antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was undertaken in France in 2018, to better understand the difference in practices between the participating centers and to identify the difficulties they may encounter as well as eventual gaps with published standards and guidelines. The survey captured information from 45 mycology laboratories in France on how they perform AFST (number of strains tested, preferred method, technical and quality aspects, interpretation of the MIC values, reading and interpretation difficulties). Results indicated that 86% of respondents used Etest as AFST method, with a combination of one to seven antifungal agents tested. Most of the participating laboratories used similar technical parameters to perform their AFST method and a large majority used, as recommended, internal and external quality assessments. Almost all the participating mycology laboratories (98%) reported difficulties to interpret the MIC values, especially when no clinical breakpoints are available. The survey highlighted that the current AFST practices in France need homogenization, particularly for MIC reading and interpretation.
Published: 2020

19. Investigations upon the Improvement of Dermatophyte Identification Using an Online Mass Spectrometry Application

Author: Arnaud Jabet, Anne-Cécile Normand, Alicia Moreno-Sabater, Jacques Guillot, Veronica Risco-Castillo, Sophie Brun, Magalie Demar, Romain Blaizot, Cécile Nabet, Ann Packeu, Renaud Piarroux, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamic Microbiology - EA 7380 (DYNAMIC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est (UPE)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Biopole d’Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort (BIOPOLE - ENVA), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est (UPE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire – Faune Sauvage (CHUV-FS), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Association Faune Alfort, Service de Parasitologie [Avicenne], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Département de dermatologie [CH andré-Rosemont, Cayenne], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université
Subjects: [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MALDI-TOF, Microbiology (medical), dermatophytes, QH301-705.5, Plant Science, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MSI-2, Article, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, mass spectrometry, Biology (General), [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Online MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry applications, such as MSI-2, have been shown to help identify dermatophytes, but recurrent errors are still observed between phylogenetically close species. The objective of this study was to assess different approaches to reduce the occurrence of such errors by adding new reference spectra to the MSI-2 application. Nine libraries were set up, comprising an increasing number of spectra obtained from reference strains that were submitted to various culture durations on two distinct culture media: Sabouraud gentamicin chloramphenicol medium and IDFP Conidia medium. The final library included spectra from 111 strains of 20 species obtained from cultures on both media collected every three days after the appearance of the colony. The performance of each library was then analyzed using a cross-validation approach. The spectra acquisitions were carried out using a Microflex Bruker spectrometer. Diversifying the references and adding spectra from various culture media and culture durations improved identification performance. The percentage of correct identification at the species level rose from 63.4 to 91.7% when combining all approaches. Nevertheless, residual confusion between close species, such as Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense, remained. To distinguish between these species, mass spectrometry identification should take into account basic morphological and/or clinico-epidemiological features.
Published: 2022

20. Elective distribution of resistance to beta-lactams among Enterobacter cloacae genetic clusters

Author: Alban Le Monnier, Simon Garinet, Hervé Jacquier, Solen Kernéis, Vincent Fihman, Jean-Ralph Zahar, Philippe Morand, Alain Wargnier, Thomas Guillard, Vincent Cattoir, Stéphane Corvec, Etienne Carbonnelle, Paul-Louis Woerther, Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de bactériologie, virologie, hygiène [Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Service de bactériologie et hygiène hospitalière [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Versailles, 78000 Le Chesnay, France, parent, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), CHU bobigny, Laboratoire de bactériologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre (CHU Paris Centre), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Adolescent, Genotype, Enterobacter cloacae complex, medicine.drug_class, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, beta-Lactams, beta-Lactam Resistance, Hospitals, University, Beta-lactam, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Broad spectrum, Enterobacter cloacae, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Cluster VII, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Cephalosporinase, Aged, 80 and over, Genetics, biology, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Chaperonin 60, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, Pathogenicity, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Clinical microbiology, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Child, Preschool, Female, France
Abstract: Summary Objectives The Enterobacter cloacae complex (Ecc), routinely referred to as " E. cloacae " in clinical microbiology, encompasses several species with 12 genetic clusters and one sequence crowd that can be identified based on hsp60 sequencing. Little is known about the pathogenicity and distribution of resistance to antibiotics among the Ecc. Methods and Results In this prospective multicentre study, a total of 193 Ecc clinical isolates were collected from 10 academic hospitals distributed nationally across France and identified at the genetic cluster level on the basis of hsp60 sequencing. E. hormaechei isolates, which belong to clusters VI-VIII, were the largest group (53%), followed by cluster III that accounted for 28% of clinical isolates. All other Ecc clusters were present except cluster VII ( E. hormaechei subsp. hormaechei ). Cephalosporinase overproduction and ESBL were significantly more present in E. hormaechei (33% and 20%) than in other clusters (19% and 3%, respectively). Conclusions These results suggest that rapid identification of " E. cloacae " at the genetic cluster level could improve adequacy of empirical antibiotic treatment and reduce the unnecessary use of broad spectrum antibiotics.
Published: 2018

21. Candida nivariensis: Identification strategy in mycological laboratories

Author: N. Cartier, C. Thorey, E. Bailly, M. Ferreira, Adélaïde Chesnay, O. Haillot, D. N’diaye, Guillaume Desoubeaux, CHU Tours, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie - Médecine Tropicale, Service de parasitologie, mycologie, médecine tropicale [CHRU Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100. Equipe 3 'Aérosolthérapie et biothérapies à visée respiratoire' (CEPR. Equipe 3), Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de médecine interne [CHRU Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau-Université Francois Rabelais [Tours], Service de Pneumologie [CHRU Tours], Service d'urologie [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS)-Hôpital Bretonneau-Université Francois Rabelais [Tours], Le Pennec, Deborah, and Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, Species complex, Lung Neoplasms, Direct examination, candiduria, Candida glabrata, Adenocarcinoma of Lung, Candida bracariensis, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, DNA sequencing, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Recurrence, Rare case, medicine, Humans, Mycological Typing Techniques, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Aged, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, 0303 health sciences, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell, 030306 microbiology, Candidemia, Candida nivariensis, antifungal resistance, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Infectious Diseases, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Saccharomycetales, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Identification (biology), France, Urothelium, Fluconazole, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Candida nivariensis is a cryptic fungal species classified within the Candida glabrata complex. It was described for the first time in 2005 by the means of DNA sequencing. We report a rare case of C. nivariensis deep-seated infection occurring in a 77-year-old man hospitalized for cysto-prostatectomy. Phenotypic testing based on the direct examination and the macroscopic features of the in vitro culture initially suggested C. glabrata species, while MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry enables correct identification. The isolate was found resistant to fluconazole, like in almost 20% of the reported cases. Herein, we present our practical strategy to reliably characterize this rare cryptic species. To date, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry-based analysis showed very good results for such a purpose.
Published: 2019

22. A Specific PfEMP1 Is Expressed in P. falciparum Sporozoites and Plays a Role in Hepatocyte Infection

Author: Gigliola Zanghì, Shruthi S. Vembar, Sebastian Baumgarten, Shuai Ding, Julien Guizetti, Jessica M. Bryant, Denise Mattei, Anja T.R. Jensen, Laurent Rénia, Yun Shan Goh, Robert Sauerwein, Cornelus C. Hermsen, Jean-François Franetich, Mallaury Bordessoulles, Olivier Silvie, Valérie Soulard, Olivier Scatton, Patty Chen, Salah Mecheri, Dominique Mazier, Artur Scherf, Bryant, Jessica, Appel à projets générique - Développement d'une nouvelle stratégie 'wake and kill' pour une cure radicale basée sur le contrôle épigénétique de la quiescence des hypnozoïtes de Plasmodium - - HypEpiC2014 - ANR-14-CE16-0013 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, Laboratoires d'excellence - Alliance française contre les maladies parasitaires - - ParaFrap2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0024 - LABX - VALID, Exoribonuclease-mediated degradation of nascent RNA in Malaria Parasites: A Novel Mechanism in Virulence Gene Silencing - PlasmoSilencing - - H20202015-11-01 - 2020-10-31 - 670301 - VALID, Immunité et Infection, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR113-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite - Biology of Host-Parasite Interactions, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Copenhagen University Hospital, Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR), National University of Singapore (NUS), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Hépato-Bilio-pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], This work was supported by a European Research Council advanced grant ( PlasmoSilencing 670301 ) to A.S., by an ANR grant HypEpiC ( ANR-14-CE16-0013 ) to D. Mazier and A.S., and by the French Parasitology consortium ParaFrap ( ANR-11-LABX0024 ) to A.S. and D. Mazier. G.Z. and S.D. were supported by a ParaFrap PhD fellowship, S.S.V. was supported by a Carnot-Pasteur-Maladies Infectieuse fellowship, and J.B. was supported by an EMBO fellowship ( ALTF 180-2015 )., We thank Benoit Gamain for providing anti-var2CSA antibodies., ANR-14-CE16-0013,HypEpiC,Développement d'une nouvelle stratégie 'wake and kill' pour une cure radicale basée sur le contrôle épigénétique de la quiescence des hypnozoïtes de Plasmodium(2014), ANR-11-LABX-0024,ParaFrap,Alliance française contre les maladies parasitaires(2011), European Project: 670301,H2020,ERC-2014-ADG,PlasmoSilencing(2015), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR113-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], malaria, heterochromatin, hepatocyte infection, Protozoan Proteins, P. falciparum, MESH: Sporozoites, Article, PfHP1, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Hepatocytes, PfEMP1, var genes, lcsh:Biology (General), Sporozoites, parasitic diseases, Hepatocytes, sporozoite, Animals, MESH: Animals, lcsh:QH301-705.5, MESH: Protozoan Proteins, epigenetic
Abstract: Summary Heterochromatin plays a central role in the process of immune evasion, pathogenesis, and transmission of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum during blood stage infection. Here, we use ChIP sequencing to demonstrate that sporozoites from mosquito salivary glands expand heterochromatin at subtelomeric regions to silence blood-stage-specific genes. Our data also revealed that heterochromatin enrichment is predictive of the transcription status of clonally variant genes members that mediate cytoadhesion in blood stage parasites. A specific member (here called NF54varsporo) of the var gene family remains euchromatic, and the resultant PfEMP1 (NF54_SpzPfEMP1) is expressed at the sporozoite surface. NF54_SpzPfEMP1-specific antibodies efficiently block hepatocyte infection in a strain-specific manner. Furthermore, human volunteers immunized with infective sporozoites developed antibodies against NF54_SpzPfEMP1. Overall, we show that the epigenetic signature of var genes is reset in mosquito stages. Moreover, the identification of a strain-specific sporozoite PfEMP1 is highly relevant for vaccine design based on sporozoites., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Sporozoites expand subtelomeric heterochromatin to silence blood-stage-specific genes • A strain-specific PfEMP1 is expressed on the surface of sporozoites • NF54_SpzPfEMP1 is immunogenic in sporozoite-infected human volunteers • Antibodies against NF54_SpzPfEMP1 block sporozoite infection of hepatocytes, P. falciparum PfEMP1 surface adhesion proteins mediate immune evasion and pathogenesis during asexual blood stage development. Zanghì et al. find that a strain-specific member of PfEMP1 is expressed at the sporozoite surface. Antibodies against this protein inhibit sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes in a strain-specific manner.
Published: 2018

23. Invasive aspergillosis due to Aspergillus section Usti: a multicenter retrospective study

Author: Eléna Charpentier, Frédéric Gabriel, Frédéric Lamoth, Maria Aigner, Emmanouil Glampedakis, Michela Paolucci, Felix Bongomin, Malcolm Richardson, C. Bonnal, Russel Edward Lewis, Arnaud Fekkar, Christophe Hennequin, Stéphane Bretagne, Patrice Le Pape, Arnaud Riat, Reinhard Zbinden, Veronique Erard, Pierre-Yves Bochud, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Ahmet Çağkan İnkaya, Olga V Shadrivova, Sophie Brun, Nina Khanna, Dionysios Neofytos, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Eric Dannaoui, Florent Morio, Peter W Schreiber, Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli, Mario Fernández-Ruiz, Alix T. Coste, Nikolai Klimko, Sophie Cassaing, Glampedakis E., Cassaing S., Fekkar A., Dannaoui E., Bougnoux M.-E., Bretagne S., Neofytos D., Schreiber P.W., Hennequin C., Morio F., Shadrivova O., Bongomin F., Fernandez-Ruiz M., Bellanger A.P., Arikan-Akdagli S., Erard V., Aigner M., Paolucci M., Khanna N., Charpentier E., Bonnal C., Brun S., Gabriel F., Riat A., Zbinden R., Le Pape P., Klimko N., Lewis R.E., Richardson M., Inkaya A.C., Coste A.T., Bochud P.-Y., Lamoth F., Hôpital Lausanne, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique [AP-HP Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Hop Univ Geneve, Serv Malad Infect, Geneva, Switzerland, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology [Zurich], University hospital of Zurich [Zurich], Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (Institut de biologie, CHU de Nantes), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Université de Saint-Petersburg, University of Manchester [Manchester], Unit Infectious Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ankara University School of Medicine [Turkey], University of Fribourg, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Department of Hematology and Oncology 'L. e A. Seragnoli', St. Orsola University Hospital, University Hospital Basel [Basel], Service de Parasitologie Mycologie[Bichat], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Parasitologie [Avicenne], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Hôpitaux Universitaire de Genève, Laboratoire de parasitologie et de mycologie médicale [CHU Nantes], Radiopharmaceutiques biocliniques (LRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Faculty of Medicine [Hacettepe University], Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, and Université de Lausanne (UNIL)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Posaconazole, Antifungal Agents, Aspergillosi, Aspergillus puniceus, 030106 microbiology, Aspergillus calidoustus, Aspergillus pseudodeflectus, Aspergillosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Aspergillus ustus, Retrospective Studie, Internal medicine, Amphotericin B, medicine, Antifungal Agent, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Voriconazole, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, ddc:616, business.industry, Mortality rate, Retrospective cohort study, Aspergillus insuetus, medicine.disease, Aspergillu, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Aspergillus, business, Invasive Fungal Infections, medicine.drug, Human
Abstract: Background Aspergillus spp. of section Usti (A. ustus) represent a rare cause of invasive aspergillosis (IA). This multicenter study describes the epidemiology and outcome of A. ustus infections. Methods Patients with A. ustus isolated from any clinical specimen were retrospectively identified in 22 hospitals from 8 countries. When available, isolates were sent for species identification (BenA/CaM sequencing) and antifungal susceptibility testing. Additional cases were identified by review of the literature. Cases were classified as proven/probable IA or no infection, according to standard international criteria. Results Clinical report forms were obtained for 90 patients, of whom 27 had proven/probable IA. An additional 45 cases were identified from literature review for a total of 72 cases of proven/probable IA. Hematopoietic cell and solid-organ transplant recipients accounted for 47% and 33% cases, respectively. Only 8% patients were neutropenic at time of diagnosis. Ongoing antimold prophylaxis was present in 47% of cases. Pulmonary IA represented 67% of cases. Primary or secondary extrapulmonary sites of infection were observed in 46% of cases, with skin being affected in 28% of cases. Multiple antifungal drugs were used (consecutively or in combination) in 67% of cases. The 24-week mortality rate was 58%. A. calidoustus was the most frequent causal agent. Minimal inhibitory concentrations encompassing 90% isolates (MIC90) were 1, 8, >16, and 4 µg/mL for amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole, respectively. Conclusions Aspergillus ustus IA mainly occurred in nonneutropenic transplant patients and was frequently associated with extrapulmonary sites of infection. Mortality rate was high and optimal antifungal therapy remains to be defined.
Published: 2019

24. Epidemiologic Trends in Malaria Incidence Among Travelers Returning to Metropolitan France, 1996-2016

Author: Baurand, Pierre-Emmanuel, Dallinger, Reinhard, Niederwanger, Michael, Capelli, Nicolas, Pedrini-Martha, Veronika, de Vaufleury, Annette, Kendjo, Eric, Houzé, Sandrine, Mouri, Oussama, Taieb, Aida, Gay, Frederick, Jauréguiberry, Stéphane, Tantaoui, Ilhame, Ndour, Papa, Buffet, Pierre, Piarroux, Martine, Thellier, Marc, Piarroux, Renaud, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Parasitologie Mycologie [AP-HP Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Excellence : Biogenèse et pathologies du globule rouge (Labex Gr-Ex), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de Parasitologie [Cayenne, Guyane française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR), Musset, Lise, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière] (CNRpalu), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre Collaborateur OMS pour la surveillance de la résistance aux antipaludiques [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CCOMS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut für Zoologie, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université, laboratoire parasitologie, CHU Bichat Paris, Ministère de la santé, Immunobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Infections Parasitaires, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR113-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR - laboratoire associé)
Subjects: Male, Severity of Illness Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Communicable Diseases, Imported, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Epidemiology, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Original Investigation, Travel, education.field_of_study, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Mortality rate, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Europe, Online Only, Infectious Diseases, Population Surveillance, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, France, Developed country, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Visiting friends and relatives, Plasmodium falciparum, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Context (language use), 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, education, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Research, medicine.disease, Malaria, Cross-Sectional Studies, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Africa, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, human activities, Demography
Abstract: Key Points Question Could changes in the population experiencing imported malaria in France over the past 2 decades explain the persistence of the high number of malaria cases despite national preventive measures? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 43 333 malaria cases from travelers returning to France from a malaria-endemic area, the proportion of malaria cases among African individuals has increased significantly from 1996 through 2016 (53.5% vs 83.4%). Meaning Although prophylactic measures appeared to be efficient among European individuals traveling for tourism or business purposes, progress is needed to ensure better protection for African individuals visiting friends or relatives., Importance Despite annually adapted recommendations to prevent malaria in travelers to endemic areas, France is still the industrialized country reporting the highest number of imported cases of malaria. Better understanding of the epidemiologic context and evolution during the past 2 decades may help to define a better preventive strategy. Objective To study epidemiologic trends of imported cases of malaria in travelers in geographic territories of France on the European continent (metropolitan France) from 1996 through 2016 to potentially explain the persistence of high imported malaria incidence despite national preventive measures. Design, Setting, and Participants In a cross-sectional study, between January 1 and May 31, 2018, data were extracted from the French National Reference Center of Malaria Surveillance. Trends in patients with imported malaria in association with age, sex, ethnicity, purpose of travel, malaria species, severity of illness, case mortality rate, and endemic countries visited were analyzed in 43 333 malaria cases among civilian travelers living in metropolitan France. Main Outcomes and Measures Evolution of the main epidemiologic characteristics of patients with imported malaria. Results Among the 43 333 patients with imported malaria in civilian travelers included in the study, 24 949 were male (62.4%), and 8549 were younger than 18 years (19.9%). A total of 28 658 malaria cases (71.5%) were among African individuals, and 10 618 cases (26.5%) among European individuals. From 1996 through 2016, the number of confirmed malaria cases peaked at 3400 cases in 2000, then declined to 1824 cases in 2005 and stabilized thereafter to approximately 1720 malaria cases per year. A total of 37 065 cases (85.5%) were due to Plasmodium falciparum. The proportion of malaria cases among African individuals rose from 53.5% in 1996 to 83.4% in 2016, and the most frequent motivation for traveling was visiting friends and relatives (25 329 [77.1%]; P, This cross-sectional study of data from the French National Reference Center of Malaria Surveillance examines the epidemiologic characteristics associated with imported cases of malaria among travelers returning to metropolitan France.
Published: 2019

25. Maternal and Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendations of a French Multidisciplinary Working Group

Author: Coralie L'Ollivier, Luc Paris, Eve Hadjadj, Patricia Garcia –Meric, Martine Wallon, François Peyron, Laurent Mandelbrot, François Kieffer, Renaud Piarroux, Département de parasitologie et de mycologie [CHU - HCL Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse], Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Département d'obstétrique et de gynécologie [AP-HP Hôpital Louis-Mourier] (DHU Risks in Pregnancy), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Consultations Ophtalmologique [AP-HM Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite], Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Département de Médecine Néonatale [AP-HM Hôpital de la Conception], Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Département de Parasitologie [AP-HM Hôpital de la Timone], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de néonatologie [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Comets, Emmanuelle, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière]
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Opinion, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, follow-up of congenital infection, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Medicine, Asymptomatic, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Multidisciplinary approach, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, guidelines, Molecular Biology, Pregnancy, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, [SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, lcsh:R, treatment of fetal infections, medicine.disease, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Toxoplasmosis, Congenital toxoplasmosis, 3. Good health, Maternal infection, Infectious Diseases, congenital toxoplasmosis, medicine.symptom, business, Fetal damage
Abstract: International audience; Women infected with toxoplasmosis during pregnancy do not present symptoms in most cases, but the consequences of the congenital infection may be severe for the unborn child. Fetal damage can range from asymptomatic to severe neurological alterations to retinal lesions prone to potential flare up and relapses lifelong. Despite the possible severity of outcome, congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) is a neglected disease. There is no consensus regarding screening during pregnancy, prenatal/postnatal treatment or short or medium term follow-up. Since 1992, France has offered systematic serological testing to non-immune pregnant women, monthly until delivery. Any maternal infection is thus detected; moreover, diagnosis of congenital infection can be made at birth and follow-up can be provided. "Guidelines" drawn up by a multidisciplinary group are presented here, concerning treatment, before and after birth. The recommendations are based on the regular analysis of the literature and the results of the working group. The evaluation of the recommendations takes into account the robustness of the recommendation and the quality of the evidence.
Published: 2019

26. Assessment of the first commercial multiplex PCR kit (ParaGENIE Crypto-Micro Real-Time PCR) for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Encephalitozoon intestinalis from fecal samples

Author: M. Leterrier, Yohann Le Govic, Adrien Laude, Philippe Poirier, Marie Machouart, Patrice Le Pape, Nicolas Argy, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Frédéric Dalle, Jessica Beser, Nathalie Bourgeois, Rose-Anne Lavergne, Florent Morio, Estelle Cateau, Céline Nourrisson, Françoise Botterel, Stéphane Valot, Christelle Pomares, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie (CBAE), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Parasite (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (Institut de biologie, CHU de Nantes), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - Clermont Auvergne (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Poitiers), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Public Health Agency of Sweden, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan ex IFR 30 et IFR 150 (CPTP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cibles et médicaments de l'infection, de l'immunité et du cancer (IICiMed), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Clermont-Ferrand), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Service de parasitologie, mycologie, médecine tropicale CHRU Bretonneau, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie (AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Vin Aliment Microbiologie et Stress (VAlMiS), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques (PAM), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (AP-HP Hôpital Henri Mondor), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Montpellier), Pôle Biologie-Pathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire de Microbiologie (CHD de la Roche-Sur-Yon), CHD Vendee (La Roche Sur Yon), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Enterocytozoon bieneusi, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Cryptosporidium, Microsporidiosis, Cryptosporidium spp, Sensitivity and Specificity, Microbiology, law.invention, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, 03 medical and health sciences, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, fluids and secretions, law, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, parasitic diseases, medicine, CE-IVD, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, DNA, Fungal, Polymerase chain reaction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Bacteriological Techniques, biology, Encephalitozoon, General Medicine, Multiplex PCR, DNA, Protozoan, Enterocytozoon, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Stool, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Abstract: International audience; Cryptosporidium spp. Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis are opportunistic pathogens responsible for gastrointestinal diseases. We evaluated the ParaGENIE Crypto-Micro Real-Time PCR kit (Ademtech, France), the first CE-IVD compliant PCR assay available for these pathogens. This study was conducted blindly against a reference panel of 115 stool specimens including positive samples for Cryptosporidium spp. (n = 48) and E. bieneusi (n = 38) as well as negative or positive samples for other parasites to test for cross-reactivity. An additional set of samples corresponding to 8 rare Cryptosporidium species was also included. Discrepancies were evaluated with external in-house PCR tests. The ParaGENIE Crypto-Micro PCR assay displayed a sensitivity/specificity of 91.7%/100% and 97.3%/98.7% for Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi, respectively, and was able to detect all 12 Cryptosporidium species of the reference panel, including rare species. This new CE-IVD assay will facilitate the diagnosis of intestinal cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis, a major concern in immunocompromised patients and travelers.
Published: 2019

27. Epidemiological and molecular forensics of cholera recurrence in Haiti

Author: Sandra Moore, Hervé Bogreau, Jean Gaudart, Stanislas Rebaudet, Paul Adrien, Marie-José Laraque, Jacques Boncy, Emmanuel Rossignol, Renaud Piarroux, Anne-Cécile Normand, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Hôpital Européen [Fondation Ambroise Paré - Marseille], Département de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Innovation - DRCI [IP-C, Marseille] (Biostatistiques), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), National Public Health Laboratory [Delmas, Haiti], Ministry of Public Health and Population [Delmas, Haiti], Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité de Parasitologie et d’Entomologie [IRBA, Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biostatistique et technologies de l'information et de la communication (BioSTIC) - [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] (BiosTIC ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Directorate of Epidemiology Laboratory and Research [Delmas, Haiti], Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Gaudart, Jean, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)-Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Surveillance data, Genotype, lcsh:Medicine, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, 0302 clinical medicine, Cholera, Recurrence, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Environmental health, Epidemiology, Disease Transmission, Infectious, medicine, Humans, lcsh:Science, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Molecular Epidemiology, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Multidisciplinary, Molecular epidemiology, Transmission (medicine), lcsh:R, Vibrio cholerae O1, Outbreak, medicine.disease, Haiti, 3. Good health, Molecular Typing, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Vibrio cholerae, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, lcsh:Q, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Cholera has affected Haiti with damping waves of outbreaks since October 2010. However, mechanisms behind disease persistence during lull periods remain poorly understood. By mid 2014, cholera transmission seemed to only persist in the northern part of Haiti. Meanwhile, cholera appeared nearly extinct in the capital, Port-au-Prince, where it eventually exploded in September 2014. This study aimed to determine whether this outbreak was caused by local undetected cases or by re-importation of the disease from the north. Applying an integrated approach between November 2013 and November 2014, we assessed the temporal and spatial dynamics of cholera using routine surveillance data and performed population genetics analyses of 178 Vibrio cholerae O1 clinical isolates. The results suggest that the northern part of the country exhibited a persisting metapopulation pattern with roaming oligoclonal outbreaks that could not be effectively controlled. Conversely, undetected and unaddressed autochthonous low-grade transmission persisted in the Port-au-Prince area, which may have been the source of the acute outbreak in late-2014. Cholera genotyping is a simple but powerful tool to adapt control strategies based on epidemic specificities. In Haiti, these data have already yielded significant progress in cholera surveillance, which is a key component of the strategy to eventually eliminate cholera.
Published: 2019

28. Rapid diagnostic tests relying on antigen detection from stool as an efficient point of care testing strategy for giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis? Evaluation of a new immunochromatographic duplex assay

Author: Jessica Beser, Adrien Laude, Adeline Goudal, Florent Morio, Frédéric Dalle, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Céline Nourrisson, M. Leterrier, Nathalie Bourgeois, Nicolas Argy, Marie Machouart, Françoise Botterel, Estelle Cateau, Patrice Le Pape, Rose-Anne Lavergne, Stéphane Valot, Christelle Pomares, Yohann Le Govic, CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), CHU Tours, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie - Médecine Tropicale, Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CIC Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-UFR de Médecine, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Laboratoire Interactions Muqueuses Agents Transmissibles (LIMA), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Parasitologie, Hôpital Universitaire Carémeau [Nîmes] (CHU Nîmes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Microbiologie de l'Eau (MDE), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cibles et médicaments de l'infection, de l'immunité et du cancer (IICiMed), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-UFR de Médecine-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales (MERIT - UMR_D 216), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-UFR de Médecine, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Hôpital Universitaire Carémeau [Nîmes], Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan ex IFR 30 et IFR 150 (CPTP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Giardiasis, Point-of-care testing, 030106 microbiology, Molecular Diagnostic Method, Cryptosporidiosis, Cryptosporidium, Antigens, Protozoan, Sensitivity and Specificity, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, 03 medical and health sciences, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, parasitic diseases, Medicine, Animals, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Retrospective Studies, Alternative methods, Immunoassay, biology, business.industry, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Giardia, Diagnostic test, General Medicine, Gold standard (test), biology.organism_classification, Virology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Point-of-Care Testing, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Microscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites but is time-consuming and dependent on operator skills. Rapid diagnostic tests represent alternative methods but most evaluations have been conducted on a limited number of samples preventing their implementation in the clinical setting. We evaluated a new CE-IVD marked immunochromatographic assay (Crypto/Giardia K-SeT®, Coris Bioconcept) for the detection of G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in 2 phases (retrospective and prospective) on a set of 482 stool samples including rare Cryptosporidium species. Besides G. intestinalis, this test could represent a rapid and reliable alternative to the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis (sensitivity/specificity were 89.2%/99.3% and 86.7%/100% for G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium resp.), reducing diagnostic delays. Such strategy would also be time-saving by avoiding wet mount microscopy and concentrations steps, being particularly appropriate for laboratories having little expertise in microscopy or not able to implement molecular diagnostic methods.
Published: 2019

29. Observation scales to suspect dyspnea in non-communicative intensive care unit patients

Author: Alexandre Demoule, Romain Persichini, Maxens Decavèle, Capucine Morelot-Panzini, Frédérick Gay, Thomas Similowski, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (Département ' R3S '), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and HAL-UPMC, Gestionnaire
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Critical Care, business.industry, Pain medicine, MEDLINE, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, 3. Good health, law.invention, Intensive Care Units, 03 medical and health sciences, Dyspnea, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, law, Anesthesiology, Humans, Medicine, Medical emergency, Suspect, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Dyspnea, like pain, is a major cause of physical suffering and emotional distress. In the intensive care unit, mechanically ventilated patients are at high risk of dyspnea [1], and increasing attention is being given to this symptom [1, 2]. Because its evaluation relies on self-report and self-assessment [3], dyspnea carries the risk of being underestimated or even unrecognized and therefore unattended in many intensive care unit patients. This is particularly so in patients unable to communicate with their caregivers (sedation, delirium, etc.). We have recently developed and validated a specific intensive care unit version of the respiratory distress observation scale (IC-RDOS, http://www.ic-rdos.com) [4]. IC-RDOS, based on respiratory and behavioral signs, correlates strongly with ratings of dyspnea on a visual analogic scale in “communicative” patients, but this is by definition not the most pertinent target population. The present secondary analysis describes IC-RDOS in “non-communicative” intensive care unit patients, as the first step of its clinical and prognostic evaluation in this setting.
Published: 2017

30. Prenatal therapy with pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine vs spiramycin to reduce placental transmission of toxoplasmosis: a multicenter, randomized trial

Author: Laurent Mandelbrot, François Kieffer, Rémi Sitta, Hélène Laurichesse-Delmas, Norbert Winer, Louis Mesnard, Alain Berrebi, Gwenaëlle Le Bouar, Jean-Paul Bory, Anne-Gaëlle Cordier, Yves Ville, Franck Perrotin, Jean-Marie Jouannic, Florence Biquard, Claude d’Ercole, Véronique Houfflin-Debarge, Isabelle Villena, Rodolphe Thiébaut, Denis Pons, C. Nourrisson, Rose-Anne Lavergne, Judith Fillaux, Corinne Assouline, Florence Robert-Gangneux, Coralie L’Ollivier, Florence Bretelle, Béatrice Guidicelli, Patricia Garcia, Anne-Gaelle Cordier, Alexandra Benachi, Christelle Vauloup-Fellous, Emmanuelle Letamendia, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Nathalie Van Langendonck, Jérôme Potin, Pierre Marty, Christelle Pomarès, Cynthia Trastour, Anne Sophie Deleplancque, Jean-Marc Costa, Marie-Thérèse Chève, Jean-Yves Col, Bernard Cimon, Y. Sterkers, Laurence Lachaud, Gilles Burlet, Martine Maréchaud, Estelle Perraud, Anne-Gaelle Grébille, Morgane Valentin, Sandrine Houzé, Sophie Omnès, Yvon Chitrit, Christine Boissinot, Hélène Yéra, Olivia Anselem, Vassilis Tsatsaris, Marie-Victoire Sénat, Florent Fuchs, Adela Angoulvant, Charles Muszynski, Anne Totet, Catherine Noël, Laurent Bidat, Tiphaine Barjat, Pierre Flori, Hervé Pelloux, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Catherine Thong-Vanh, Corinne Floch, Lionel Carbillon, Eric Lachassine, Aude Ricbourg, Luc Paris, Marc Dommergues, Thierry Rousseau, Frederic Dalle, Marie Laure Dardé, Véronique Aubard, Camille Olivier, Eric Verspyk, Loic Favennec, Service de gynécologie obstétrique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut de Puériculture et de Périnatalogie, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Gynécologie [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN), Gynécologie‑Obstétrique, Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique [Rennes] = Gynaecology [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), CHRU Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Gynépole, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)- Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM], Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, médecine de la reproduction [Béclère], Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, FAME Department, South Paris, University Hospitals, 'A.Beclere' Medical Center-APHP, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie-Médecine Tropicale, CHRU Bretonneau, Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Institut de signalisation, biologie du développement et cancer (ISBDC), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital américain, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), laboratoire parasitologie, CHU Bichat Paris, Ministère de la santé, Hôpital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique [Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine (U1139), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique [Bicêtre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Biomécanique et Bioingénierie (BMBI), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier René Dubos [Pontoise], Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, CHU Grenoble, Epigenetique, Pathologie et Developpement (UMR_S_741), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de gynécologie-obstétrique [Hôpital Jean Verdier], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Maternité, Chirurgie Gynécologique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Centre Max Weber (CMW), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interactions Muqueuses Agents Transmissibles (LIMA), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Appareil Digestif Environnement Nutrition (ADEN ), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Statistics In System biology and Translational Medicine (SISTM), Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHRO), AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), CHU Lille, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Hôpital Maison Blanche, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)- Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Hôpital Paule de Viguier, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service Gynécologie [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Femme-Mère-Couple [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hopital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes]-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Pôle de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Reproduction Humaine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université de Clermont-Ferrand, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles [UMR_A1280] (PhAN), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan ex IFR 30 et IFR 150 (CPTP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche Médecine, Science, Santé et Société (CERMES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Hôpital Sud, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Parasite (GEIHP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Hopital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP], CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Hôpital Jean Verdier [Bondy], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique [Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], and CHU Tenon [APHP]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Antiprotozoal Agents, Sulfadiazine, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, Toxoplasmosis, Congenital, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Folinic acid, pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Seroconversion, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, spiramycin, prenatal diagnosis, tolerance, business.industry, Spiramycin, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Care, medicine.disease, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Toxoplasmosis, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, 3. Good health, SISTM, Pyrimethamine, Treatment Outcome, Chemoprophylaxis, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, pregnancy, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.drug, toxoplasmosis
Abstract: International audience; Background - The efficacy of prophylaxis to prevent prenatal toxoplasmosis transmission is controversial, without any previous randomized clinical trial. In France, spiramycin is usually prescribed for maternal seroconversions. A more potent pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine regimen is used to treat congenital toxoplasmosis and is offered in some countries as prophylaxis. Objective - We sought to compare the efficacy and tolerance of pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine vs spiramycin to reduce placental transmission. Study design - This was a randomized, open-label trial in 36 French centers, comparing pyrimethamine (50 mg qd) + sulfadiazine (1 g tid) with folinic acid vs spiramycin (1 g tid) following toxoplasmosis seroconversion. Results - In all, 143 women were randomized from November 2010 through January 2014. An amniocentesis was later performed in 131 cases, with a positive Toxoplasma gondii polymerase chain reaction in 7/67 (10.4%) in the pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine group vs 13/64 (20.3%) in the spiramycin group. Cerebral ultrasound anomalies appeared in 0/73 fetuses in the pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine group, vs 6/70 in the spiramycin group (P = .01). Two of these pregnancies were terminated. Transmission rates, excluding 18 children with undefined status, were 12/65 in the pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine group (18.5%), vs 18/60 in the spiramycin group (30%, P = .147), equivalent to an odds ratio of 0.53 (95% confidence interval, 0.23-1.22) and which after adjustment tended to be stronger (P = .03 for interaction) when treatment started within 3 weeks of seroconversion (95% confidence interval, 0.00-1.63). Two women had severe rashes, both with pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine. Conclusion - There was a trend toward lower transmission with pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine, but it did not reach statistical significance, possibly for lack of statistical power because enrollment was discontinued. There were also no fetal cerebral toxoplasmosis lesions in the pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine group. These promising results encourage further research on chemoprophylaxis to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.
Published: 2018

31. Human cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient patients in France (2015–2017)

Author: Damien Costa, Romy Razakandrainibe, Marc Sautour, Stéphane Valot, Louise Basmaciyan, Gilles Gargala, Denis Lemeteil, Loïc Favennec, Frédéric Dalle, Anne Debourgogne, Adela Angoulvant, Patrice Agnamey, Julie bonhomme, Brigitte Degeilh, Cathy Chemla, Cécile Garnaud, Coralie Lollivier, Cécile angebault, Pascal Delaunay, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Emilie Fréalle, Frédéric Grenouillet, Florent Morio, Françoise Botterel, Ghania Belkadi, Hélène Yera, Gilles Nevez, Xavier Iriart, Isabelle Accoceberry, Julie Brunet, Marc Thellier, Meja Rabodonirina, Milene Sasso, Charline Miossec, Murielle Nicolas, Nicole Desbois, Philippe Poirier, Christelle Pomares, Sandrine Houze, Yohann Le govic, Anne Pauline Bellanger, Franck Labbe, Marie Laure Darde, Olivier Duquesnoy, Pierre Flori, Patrick Bastien, Thomas Gueudet, Isabelle Villena, Dominique Aubert, Estelle Cateau, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Nathalie Kapel, Eric Dannaoui, Alexis Valentin, Anne Totet, Jean Menotti, Denis Blanchet, Magalie Demar, Emmanuel Dutoit, Renaud Piarroux, Emilie Sitterle, Denis Magne, Samsa Hamane, Antoine Berry, Cecile Ramade, CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Appareil Digestif Environnement Nutrition (ADEN ), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie (UGA UFRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Hôpital l'Archet, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Microbiologie cellulaire et moléculaire et pathogénicité (MCMP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique des interactions Hôte pathogène, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Immunité et Infection, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR113-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie-Sérologies Bactériennes et Parasitaires [CHU de la Martinique], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Martinique - CHU Martinique, Parasitologie-Mycologie Fort de France, CHU Fort de France, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (LPM), IFR 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-CHU Maison Blanche-UPRES EA 2070, Centre de formation et de recherche sur l'environnement marin (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Service de réanimation médicale, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe hospitalier Albert Chenevier – Henri Mondor, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Région Haute Normandie, Projet COS Sesa, 2015-2018, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Université de Rennes (UR), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité (MFP), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, Epidemiology, Cryptosporidiosis, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Child, Immunodeficiency, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, biology, Mortality rate, Cryptosporidium, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, Cryptosporidium parvum, Child, Preschool, Protozoan, Cyclosporine, Female, Immunotherapy, France, medicine.symptom, Cryptosporidium hominis, Immunosuppressive Agents, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Context (language use), Tacrolimus, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunocompromised Host, Young Adult, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Immunocompromised, Aged, Immunosuppression Therapy, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Mycophenolic Acid, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Parasitology
Abstract: International audience; Cryptosporidiosis is a common disease in children and immunodeficient individuals. In 2006, a national network was set up on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis in France. Since January 2015, the 41 tertiary care hospitals and the 3 private laboratories of the French National Network on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis have been able to declare confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis online. Between 2015 and 2017, 210 cases of cryptosporidiosis were declared in immunodeficient patients in France; Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis represented 66% and 22% of cases, respectively. A peak was observed in autumn. Cryptosporidiosis occurred mainly in a context of solid organ transplantation (SOT) (49%) and of HIV infection (30%). In SOT recipients, cryptosporidiosis appeared more frequently in the first 6 months post transplantation. Regarding cases declared in SOT recipients, mycophenolate mofetil was used in 68%. A mortality rate of 6% was observed. Present results underline the importance of screening for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients suffering from diarrhea, especially in the course of major cell mediated immunodeficiency or even systematic screening before SOT. Exclusive Cryptosporidium free water feeding could be suggested during major cell mediated immunodeficiency.
Published: 2018

32. Spatiotemporal analysis of malaria for new sustainable control strategies

Author: Renaud Piarroux, Jean Gaudart, Jordi Landier, Stanislas Rebaudet, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Hôpital Européen de Marseille (HEM), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Biostatistique et technologies de l'information et de la communication (BioSTIC) - [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] (BiosTIC ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Européen [Fondation Ambroise Paré - Marseille], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Gaudart, Jean, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: bottleneck, medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, Control (management), malaria reservoir, lcsh:Medicine, Context (language use), Scientific evidence, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Sustainable malaria control, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, Information system, Medicine, spatiotemporal analysis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Environmental planning, Epidemiological Information System, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, bottleneck strategies, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, business.industry, Spatiotemporal Analysis, Public health, lcsh:R, 1. No poverty, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Epidemiological Information System Background, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Transmission (mechanics), [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, strategies, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Malaria
Abstract: Malaria transmission is highly heterogeneous through time and space, and mapping of this heterogeneity is necessary to better understand local dynamics. New targeted policies are needed as numerous countries have placed malaria elimination on their public health agenda for 2030. In this context, developing national health information systems and collecting information at sufficiently precise scales (at least at the ‘week’ and ‘village’ scales), is of strategic importance. In a recent study, Macharia et al. relied on extensive prevalence survey data to develop malaria risk maps for Kenya, including uncertainty assessments specifically designed to support decision-making by the National Malaria Control Program. Targeting local persistent transmission or epidemiologic changes is necessary to maintain efficient control, but also to deploy sustainable elimination strategies against identified transmission bottlenecks such as the reservoir of subpatent infections. Such decision-making tools are paramount to allocate resources based on sound scientific evidence and public health priorities. Please see related article: https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-018-2489-9 .
Published: 2018

33. Differential activity of methylene blue against erythrocytic and hepatic stages of Plasmodium

Author: Bosson-Vanga, Henriette, Franetich, Jean-François, Soulard, Valérie, Sossau, Daniel, Tefit, Maurel, Kane, Bocar, Vaillant, Jean-Christophe, Borrmann, Steffen, Müller, Olaf, Dereuddre-Bosquet, Nathalie, Le Grand, Roger, Silvie, Olivier, Mazier, Dominique, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Parasitologie‑Mycologie [Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire], Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB)-UFR des sciences pharmaceutiques et Biologiques d’Abijan, Department of Dermatology [Tübingen, Germany], Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Phénotypage du petit animal (UMS28), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), German Center for Infection Research - partner site Hannover-Braunschweig (DZIF), Institute for Tropical Medicine = Institut für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin, Humanparasitolgie [Tübingen, Allemagne] (ITM), Institute of Public Health [Heidelberg, Germany] (Medical School), Ruprecht-Karls-University [Heidelberg, Germany], Immunologie des Maladies Virales et Autoimmunes (IMVA - U1184), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was supported by an ANR grant ‘HypEpic’ to DM and the French Parasitology consortium grant ParaFrap (ANR-11-LABX0024) to DM and OS. HBV was supported by the SCAC fellowship (French Embassy in Côte d’Ivoire)., Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Hépato-Bilio-pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière] (CNRpalu), and Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière]
Subjects: Plasmodium, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, [SDV.SP.MED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, Erythrocytes, lcsh:RC955-962, Plasmodium falciparum, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Antimalarials, Mice, 610 Medical sciences Medicine, [SDV.SP.MED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Anopheles, parasitic diseases, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Research, Blocking malaria transmission, Plasmodium yoelii, Malaria, Methylene Blue, Exoerythrocytic stages, Liver, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Methylene blue (MB), Plasmodium cynomolgi
Abstract: International audience; Background: In the context of malaria elimination/eradication, drugs that are effective against the different developmental stages of the parasite are highly desirable. The oldest synthetic anti-malarial drug, the thiazine dye methylene blue (MB), is known for its activity against Plasmodium blood stages, including gametocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible effect of MB against malaria parasite liver stages.Methods: MB activity was investigated using both in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro assays consisted of testing MB activity on Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium yoelii parasites in human, simian or murine primary hepatocytes, respectively. MB in vivo activity was evaluated using intravital imaging in BALB/c mice infected with a transgenic bioluminescent P. yoelii parasite line. The transmission-blocking activity of MB was also addressed using mosquitoes fed on MB-treated mice.Results: MB shows no activity on Plasmodium liver stages, including hypnozoites, in vitro in primary hepatocytes. In BALB/c mice, MB has moderate effect on P. yoelii hepatic development but is highly effective against blood stage growth. MB is active against gametocytes and abrogates parasite transmission from mice to mosquitoes.Conclusion: While confirming activity of MB against both sexual and asexual blood stages, the results indicate that MB has only little activity on the development of the hepatic stages of malaria parasites.
Published: 2018

34. Species Identification and In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Aspergillus terreus Species Complex Clinical Isolates from a French Multicenter Study

Author: C. Bonnal, Sandrine Houzé, Sébastien Imbert, Christophe Hennequin, J. M. Costa, Isabelle Accoceberry, Juliette Guitard, Eric Dannaoui, Nathalie Bourgeois, Arnaud Fekkar, Françoise Botterel, Renaud Piarroux, Anne-Cécile Normand, Stéphane Ranque, Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Service de Parasitologie Mycologie [AP-HP Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard], Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service de cancérologie et radiothérapie [Saint-Louis], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Aspergillus, Species complex, biology, Itraconazole, 030106 microbiology, Broth microdilution, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Amphotericin B, medicine, Azole, Pharmacology (medical), Aspergillus terreus, Etest, medicine.drug
Abstract: Aspergillus section Terrei is a species complex currently comprised of 14 cryptic species whose prevalence in clinical samples as well as antifungal susceptibility are poorly known. The aims of this study were to investigate A. Terrei clinical isolates at the species level and to perform antifungal susceptibility analyses by reference and commercial methods. Eighty-two clinical A. Terrei isolates were collected from 8 French university hospitals. Molecular identification was performed by sequencing parts of beta-tubulin and calmodulin genes. MICs or minimum effective concentrations (MECs) were determined for 8 antifungal drugs using both EUCAST broth microdilution (BMD) methods and concentration gradient strips (CGS). Among the 79 A. Terrei isolates, A. terreus stricto sensu ( n = 61), A. citrinoterreus ( n = 13), A. hortai ( n = 3), and A. alabamensis ( n = 2) were identified. All strains had MICs of ≥1 mg/liter for amphotericin B, except for two isolates (both A. hortai ) that had MICs of 0.25 mg/liter. Four A. terreus isolates were resistant to at least one azole drug, including one with pan-azole resistance, yet no mutation in the CYP51A gene was found. All strains had low MECs for the three echinocandins. The essential agreements (EAs) between BMD and CGS were >90%, except for those of amphotericin B (79.7%) and itraconazole (73.4%). Isolates belonging to the A . section Terrei identified in clinical samples show wider species diversity beyond the known A. terreus sensu stricto . Azole resistance inside the section Terrei is uncommon and is not related to CYP51A mutations here. Finally, CGS is an interesting alternative for routine antifungal susceptibility testing.
Published: 2018

35. Candida inconspicua and Candida norvegensis: New Insights into Identification in Relation to Sexual Reproduction and Genome Organization

Author: Jean-Yves Brossas, M. Gits, Christophe Hennequin, C. Marinach, Dominique Mazier, S. Vellaissamy, I. Meyer, R. Atanasova, A. Angoulvant, Juliette Guitard, Guitard, Juliette, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), and Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière]
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Candida inconspicua, Proteome, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Mycology, DNA, Ribosomal, Peptide Elongation Factor 1, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, Gene Order, RNA, Ribosomal, 28S, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Internal transcribed spacer, DNA, Fungal, Mycological Typing Techniques, Clade, Ribosomal DNA, Gene, Crosses, Genetic, Phylogeny, Candida, Genomic organization, Pichia, Genetics, Phylogenetic tree, biology, Candidiasis, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
Abstract: Candida inconspicua and Candida ( Pichia ) norvegensis are two emerging pathogenic species that exhibit reduced susceptibility to azole derivatives. Conventional (biochemical) approaches do not readily differentiate between the two species. The first aim of this work was to analyze the performance of biochemical, proteomic (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight [MALDI-TOF]), and molecular approaches in the precise identification of these species. These results then led us to sequence 3 genomic loci, i.e., the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the D1/D2 domain of the 28S rDNA, and the elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) gene, either directly or following cloning, of 13 clinical isolates and 9 reference strains belonging to the 5 species included in the Pichia cactophila clade, namely, Pichia cactophila , Pichia insulana , C. inconspicua , C. norvegensis , and P. pseudocactophila . Finally, isolates of C. inconspicua were challenged for sexual reproduction on the appropriate medium. Our results show that EF-1α sequencing and proteic profiling by MALDI-TOF are the two most efficient approaches to distinguish between C. norvegensis and C. inconspicua . As a characteristic of the P. cactophila clade, we found multiple alleles of the rDNA regions in certain strains belonging to the tested species, making ITS or D1/D2 sequencing not appropriate for identification. Whatever the method of identification, including MALDI-TOF and EF-1α sequencing, none could differentiate C. inconspicua from P. cactophila . The results of phylogenetic analysis and the generation of asci from pure cultures of all C. inconspicua strains both support the identification of P. cactophila as the teleomorph of C. inconspicua .
Published: 2015

36. Congenital Trypanosomiasis in Child Born in France to African Mother

Author: Luc Paris, Alain Goudeau, Pere Perez-Simarro, Zoha Maakaroun-Vermesse, Louis Bernard, Philippe Lanotte, A.-M. Guennoc, Jacques Chandenier, Marie-Alix De Kyvon, Bertrand de Toffol, Gerardo Priotto, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Service de Neurologie [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Trousseau [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), CHU Tours, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie - Médecine Tropicale, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Tours, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique - IASP (Nouzilly, France), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], and Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, Letter, Blood transfusion, Epidemiology, sleeping sickness, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, Choreiform movement, lcsh:Medicine, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine, African trypanosomiasis, Trypanosoma brucei, tsetse fly, enfant, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, biology, Psychomotor retardation, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Democratic Republic of the Congo, France, medicine.symptom, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, autochthonous congenital human trypanosomiasis, 030106 microbiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Médecine humaine et pathologie, parasites, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Eflornithine, lcsh:RC109-216, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Letters to the Editor, Pregnancy, trypanosomiase, business.industry, lcsh:R, DRC, Tsetse fly, parasitic infection, Democratic Republic of Congo, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Surgery, Human health and pathology, business, Congenital Trypanosomiasis in Child Born in France to African Mother, Trypanosomiasis
Abstract: To the Editor: Sleeping sickness, or human African trypanosomiasis, is a neglected tropical parasitic infection transmitted by the tsetse fly bite. In central and western Africa, trypanosomiasis is caused by the Trypanosoma brucei subspecies gambiense. Chronic symptoms of the disease include neurologic impairment and sleep disorders (1). Infected children and adults can exhibit other nonspecific symptoms (1,2) attributable to biologic inflammatory syndrome, usually accompanied by an increase of IgM. Sleeping sickness can be fatal if left untreated (3). Although the efforts of the World Health Organization (WHO), national control programs, and nongovernmental organizations such as Medecins Sans Frontieres have substantially reduced the global burden of human African trypanosomiasis, its current annual incidence is still estimated to be ≈10,000 new cases (1,4). Most cases occur during long stays in trypanosomiasis-endemic areas. Rare alternative routes of transmission are possible in nonendemic areas (e.g., through blood transfusion or organ transplantation) (5). We report the case of a 14-month-old boy infected with Tr. brucei through the transplacental route. The child was referred to a pediatric care unit because of psychomotor retardation and axial hypotonia. His mother was from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and had arrived in France 3 years earlier. The pregnancy, which had been initiated and monitored in France, was normal through delivery. Nonetheless, the newborn was placed with a foster family because his mother had vigilance disorders, aphasia, fluctuating hemiparesia and tetraparesia, convulsions associated with choreiform movements, anxiety, and severe depression. The foster family reported that the child did not smile and had been unable to grasp objects in the last 8 months. Clinical examination showed z-scores of −2.25 SD and −1.38 SD for height and weight, respectively; multiple lymph node enlargement; and absence of tendon reflexes. Intermittent fever and dystonic movements were reported later during a subsequent hospitalization. The results from blood tests were compatible with chronic inflammatory syndrome (albumin 28 g/L; hypergammaglobulinemia with IgM 7.38 g/L and IgG 31.3 g/L; leukocytes 20.9 g/L; hemoglobin concentration 98 g/L). Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed several lesions of the white matter, mostly in the left frontotemporal lobe. The boy’s cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contained glucose at 2.5 mmol/L, protein at 0.88 g/L, and 125 leukocytes/μL (100% lymph cells). Microscopic observation of CSF and blood smear highlighted Tr. brucei trypomastigotes (Figure, panels A and B; Video). Figure A) Cytological slide prepared from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a child with congenital trypanosomiasis who was born in France to an African mother (Gram staining, original magnification ×1,000). B) Blood ... Video (video link forthcoming) Direct observation of the cerebrospinal fluid from a child with congenital trypanosomiasis who was born in France to an African mother (fresh mount in a Malassez counting cell, original ... All the clinical and biologic findings were compatible with a diagnosis of autochthonous congenital trypanosomiasis in the meningo-encephalitic second stage. In addition to diffuse bilateral lesions of her white matter and biologic inflammatory syndrome, the mother also exhibited the same neurologic symptoms as the boy, at least since her last stay in DRC, a trypanosomiasis-endemic country that currently harbors ≈90% of new cases of African trypanosomiasis worldwide (6). She previously lived in Kinshasa and also reported a short visit into the bush in Angola. Until trypomastigotes were observed in her son’s CSF, the mother had not received a definitive diagnosis. She was thereafter invited for clinical and laboratory examination. Lumbar puncture and blood tests were then performed: Mott cells were present in her CSF, but no parasite was detected (Figure, panel C). Diagnosis of trypanosomiasis was subsequently supported by positive serologic test results (7). The 2 patients were administered 400 mg/kg eflornithine monotherapy (difluoromethylornithine) daily for 2 weeks (8,9). The clinical outcome was globally satisfactory for the mother. Her serologic tests remained positive 8 months after treatment, which is long but not unusual, and confirms that serologic testing is unreliable for posttherapeutic follow up (4,7). Magnetic resonance imaging showed a substantial decrease of her brain lesions. Her son still exhibited serious neurologic sequelae, although trypomastigotes quickly disappeared from his CSF after treatment. He still had a restricted grip, axial hypotonia, and peripheral hypertonus 2 years later. To date, he has limited contact with his environment and is not able to stand up or eat alone. Altogether, this case is exceptional for 2 reasons: 1) the diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis in adults and children is very unusual in countries where the disease is not endemic (
Published: 2016

37. Preferential expression of domain cassettes 4, 8 and 13 of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 in severe malaria imported in France

Author: Argy, S, Bertin, S, Milet, S, Hubert, P., Clain, S., Cojean, S., Houze, S., Tuikue-Ndam, S, Kendjo, P, Deloron, S, Argy, N., Bertin, G., Milet, J., Hubert, V., Clain, J., Houzé, P., Tuikue-Ndam, N., Kendjo, E., Deloron, P., Matheron, S., Casalino, E., Wolff, M., Delaval, A., Agnamey, P., Durand, R., Pilo, E., Rapp, C., Faucher, F., Cuisenier, B., Poilane, I., Bemba, D., Roide, A., Debourgogne, A., Thibault, M., Toubas, D., Patoz, P., De Gentile, L., Pons, D., Hurst, P., Lohmann, C., Bigel, M., Godineau, N., Thouvenin, M., Dunand, J., Ait-Ammar, N., Angoulvant, A., Dahane, N., Lefevre, M., Murat, B., Garnaud, C., Dannaoui, E., Botterel, F., Dutoit, E., Dardé, M., Ichou, H., Branger, C., Penn, P., Angebault, C., Morio, F., Bret, L., Thellier, M., Mouri, O., Cateau, E., Siriez, J.Y., Fenneteau, O., Revest, M., Belaz, S., Belkadi, G., Hamane, S., Bretagne, S., Aboubacar, A., Leloup, G., Develoux, M., Lapillonne, H., Eloy, O., Nevez, G., Raffenot, D., Buret, B., Desoubeaux, G., Goepp, A., Department of Mechanical Engineering [Montréal], McGill University, Laboratoire de Mathématiques Blaise Pascal (LMBP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Alltech France, Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Parasitology department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 (MEDyC), SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléobiodiversité et paléoenvironnements, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EA 2594 LBCM, Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), CHU Tenon [APHP], Service d'anatomie pathologique [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Tenon [APHP], Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale (TIMC-IMAG-TheREx), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-IMAG-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-IMAG-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie (Parasito - Myco - LILLE), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Ecologie et Evolution des Microorganismes (EEM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), IICiMed - EA 1155, Université de Nantes (UN)-UFR Sciences et Techniques [Université de Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques [Université de Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN), Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Groupe hospitalier Pitié- Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbiologie de l'Eau (MDE), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Rennes], Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université de Tours, Institut de veille sanitaire, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale [?-2015] (TIMC-TheREx [?-2015]), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 [2011-2015] (TIMC [2011-2015]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMAG-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMAG-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC), and VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-IMAG-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-IMAG-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Plasmodium falciparum, Protozoan Proteins, DC4, Context (language use), Domain cassette, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Group A, Severity of Illness Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Severe malaria, 0302 clinical medicine, DC8, Gene expression, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Imported malaria, Var gene, Malaria, Falciparum, DC13, Gene, Genetics, biology, Gene Expression Profiling, General Medicine, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, Erythrocyte membrane, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, biology.protein, Female, France, Antibody, Malaria, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; Objectives - Severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria (SM) involves cytoadhesion of parasitized red blood cells, mediated by P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1, which is encoded by var genes. Expression of var gene group A and B or encoding domain cassettes DC4, DC5, DC8 and DC13 has been implicated in SM in African children, but no data exist in the context of imported malaria. The aim of this study was to investigate var gene expression linked to clinical presentation and host factors in SM imported into France. Methods - Expression level of var gene groups A, B, C, var1, var2csa, var3 and var genes encoding DC4, DC5, DC8 and DC13 was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and expressed in transcript units. Seventy SM and 48 uncomplicated malaria (UM) P. falciparum cases were analysed according to disease severity, epidemiological characteristics (migrants or travellers) and anti-P. falciparum antibodies. Cluster analysis was performed to identify gene expression profiles. Results - Var1 and B/C expression were higher in UM than SM (0.66 (0-1.1) and 1.88 (1.3-2.4); p
Published: 2017

38. Unique case report of a chromomycosis and Listeria in soft tissue and cerebellar abscesses after kidney transplantation

Author: F. Charlotte, Benoit Barrou, Arnaud Fekkar, Nadia Arzouk, N. Benabdellah, J. Rottembourg, Jérôme Tourret, S. Drouin, HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire, Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Urologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service d'Anatomie et cytologie pathologiques = Service de Pathologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (ACP), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service d'Anatomie et cytologie pathologiques [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (ACP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Posaconazole, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.MHEP.CHI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, Listeria, 030106 microbiology, Brain Abscess, [SDV.MHEP.CHI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, Thigh, Asymptomatic, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Kidney transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, Disseminated Listeriosis, Ascomycota, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Case report, Humans, Medicine, Listeriosis, lcsh:RC109-216, Abscess, Antifungal therapy, Chromoblastomycosis, Sporotrichosis, business.industry, Soft Tissue Infections, Amoxicillin, Soft tissue, Middle Aged, Triazoles, medicine.disease, Listeria monocytogenes, 3. Good health, Surgery, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Tropical pathology, medicine.symptom, Fonsecaea, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Background: Chromomycosis is a rare mycotic infection encountered in tropical and subtropical regions. The disease presents as a slowly-evolving nodule that can become infected with bacteria. Here, we describe a unique association of abscesses caused by a chromomycosis and Listeria monocytogenes in a kidney transplant recipient, and didactically expose how the appropriate diagnosis was reached.Case presentation: A 49-year old male originating from the Caribbean presented a scalp lesion which was surgically removed in his hometown where it was misdiagnosed as a sporotrichosis on histology, 3 years after he received a kidney transplant. He received no additional treatment and the scalp lesion healed. One year later, an abscess of each thigh due to both F. pedrosoi and L. monocytogenes was diagnosed in our institution. A contemporary asymptomatic cerebellar abscess was also found by systematic MRI. An association of amoxicillin and posaconazole allowed a complete cure of the patient without recurring to surgery. Histological slides from the scalp lesion were re-examined in our institution and we retrospectively concluded to a first localisation of the chromomycosis. We discuss the possible pathophysiology of this very unusual association.Conclusion: In this case of disseminated listeriosis and chromomycosis, complete cure of the patients could be reached with oral anti-infectious treatment only.
Published: 2017

39. Secretome analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi by proteomics studies

Author: Brossas, Jean-Yves, Nicolá S Gulin, Ernesto, Maria, Margarita, Bisio, Catalina, Chapelle, Manuel, Marinach-Patrice, Carine, Bordessoules, Mallaury, Palazon Ruiz, George, Vion, Jérémy, Paris, Luc, Altcheh, Jaime, Mazier, Dominique, HAL-UPMC, Gestionnaire, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bruker, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases
Abstract: International audience; BackgroundChagas disease is a debilitating often fatal disease resulting from infection by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Chagas disease is endemic in 21 countries of the Americas, and it is an emerging disease in other countries as a result of migration. Given the chronic nature of the infection where intracellular parasites persist for years, the diagnosis of T. cruzi by direct detection is difficult, whereas serologic tests though sensitive may yield false-positive results. The development of new rapid test based on the identification of soluble parasitic antigens in serum would be a real innovation in the diagnosis of Chagas disease.MethodsTo identify new soluble biomarkers that may improve diagnostic tests, we investigated the proteins secreted by T. cruzi using mass spectrometric analyses of conditioned culture media devoid of serum collected during the emergence of trypomastigotes from infected Vero cells. In addition, we compared the secretomes of two T. cruzi strains from DTU Tc VI (VD and CL Brener).ResultsAnalysis of the secretome collected during the emergence of trypomastigotes from Vero cells led to the identification of 591 T. cruzi proteins. Three hundred sixty three proteins are common to both strains and most belong to different multigenic super families (i.e. TcS, GP63, MASP, and DGF1). Ultimately we have established a list of 94 secreted proteins, common to both DTU Tc VI strains that do not belong to members of multigene families.ConclusionsThis study provides the first comparative analysis of the secretomes from two distinct T. cruzi strains of DTU TcVI. This led us to identify a subset of common secreted proteins that could potentially serve as serum markers for T. cruzi infection. Their potential could now be evaluated, with specific antibodies using sera collected from patients and residents from endemic regions.
Published: 2017

40. Evaluation of Toxoplasma ELITe MGB Real-Time PCR Assay for Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis

Author: Hélène Yera, Florence Robert-Gangneux, Patrick Bastien, Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Sorya Belaz, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre National de référence de la Toxoplasmose (CNRT), Institut Albert Bonniot, CHU Grenoble, Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS), Centre National de Référence de la Toxoplasmose, Chard-Hutchinson, Xavier, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Amniotic fluid, Placenta, 030106 microbiology, Toxoplasma gondii, Commercial kit, Disseminated toxoplasmosis, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Toxoplasmosis, Congenital, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Diagnosis, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, biology, rep529, DNA, Protozoan, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Amniotic Fluid, DNA extraction, Virology, Toxoplasmosis, 3. Good health, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, PCR, Multicenter study, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Parasitology, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Toxoplasma, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, toxoplasmosis
Abstract: Molecular diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis or disseminated toxoplasmosis is based mainly on PCR. The repeated DNA element rep529 has become the main DNA target used in most PCR methods, whether laboratory developed or commercial. In this multicenter study, we evaluated the Toxoplasma ELITe MGB (Elitech) commercial kit by comparison with three reference quantitative PCR assays (RAs) used routinely in three proficient laboratories of the French National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis network, using Toxoplasma calibrated suspensions diluted to obtain a range of concentrations from 0.1 to 10,000 parasites/ml. These suspensions were extracted with either the DNA extraction kit (EXTRAblood; Elitech) recommended by the manufacturer or the QIAamp DNA minikit (Qiagen). The Toxoplasma ELITe MGB assay was also evaluated on a panel of 128 clinical samples, including 56 amniotic fluid samples, 55 placenta samples, and various other samples, of which 95 originated from patients with proven toxoplasmosis. The ELITe MGB assay amplified low-concentration replicates (Toxoplasma ELITe MGB yielded poorer sensitivity than the combination of QIAamp DNA minikit and ELITe MGB for low parasite concentrations ( P < 0.001 for 1 parasite/ml). On clinical samples, the sensitivity and the specificity of the commercial assay were 89% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity ranged from 79% (placenta samples) to 100% (amniotic fluid samples). Overall, this study shows that the Toxoplasma ELITe MGB assay is suitable for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis from non-cell-rich or non-hemoglobin-rich samples and that the EXTRAblood kit is not optimal.
Published: 2017

41. Influence of host factors and parasite biomass on the severity of imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria

Author: Nicolas Argy, Sandrine Cojean, Jérôme Clain, Claire Augé-Courtoi, Pascal Houzé, Philippe Deloron, Eric Kendjo, Véronique Hubert, Sandrine Houzé, Marc Thellier, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris (UPD5 Pharmacie), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service de Parasitologie Mycologie [AP-HP Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Laboratoire de pharmacologie [CHU St Louis], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris ( UPD5 Pharmacie ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales ( MERIT - UMR_D 216 ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie ( UPMC ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), and Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris - Université Paris Descartes (UPD5 Pharmacie)
Subjects: Male, Plasmodium, Epidemiology, Protozoan Proteins, lcsh:Medicine, Antibodies, Protozoan, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Severity of Illness Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, Risk Factors, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine and Health Sciences, Parasite hosting, 030212 general & internal medicine, Biomass, Malaria, Falciparum, Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays, lcsh:Science, Protozoans, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Malarial Parasites, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Serology, Physical Sciences, Female, France, Antibody, Statistics (Mathematics), Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Plasmodium falciparum, Antigens, Protozoan, macromolecular substances, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Antigen, Severity of illness, Parasite Groups, parasitic diseases, medicine, Parasitic Diseases, Humans, Statistical Methods, education, Immunoassays, Demography, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Tropical Diseases, Parasitic Protozoans, Malaria, Logistic Models, Immunology, Multivariate Analysis, biology.protein, Immunologic Techniques, lcsh:Q, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Apicomplexa, Mathematics
Abstract: Objectives Imported malaria in France is characterized by various clinical manifestations observed in a heterogeneous population of patients such as travelers/expatriates and African migrants. In this population, host factors and parasite biomass associated with severe imported malaria are poorly known. Methods From data collected by the Centre National de Reference du Paludisme, we identified epidemiological, demographic and biological features including parasite biomass and anti-plasmodial antibody levels (negative, positive and strongly positive serology) associated with different disease severity groups (very severe, moderately severe, and uncomplicated malaria) in 3 epidemiological groups (travelers/expatriates, first- and second-generation migrants). Results Age, ethnicity, absence of prior infection with P. falciparum, antibody levels, plasma PfHRP2 levels, total and circulating parasite biomass were related to severe malaria onset. Sequestered parasite biomass tended to be increased in very severe malaria, and was strongly correlated to the antibody level of the host. Conclusions Prior exposure to P. falciparum is associated with high anti-plasmodial antibody levels which influence clinical presentation of imported malaria and its correlated circulating and sequestered parasite burden.
Published: 2017

42. Performance of Aspergillus PCR in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of cerebral aspergillosis

Author: Isabelle Meyer, Sébastien Imbert, Jean-Yves Brossas, Isabelle Joly, Arnaud Fekkar, Martine Palous, HAL-UPMC, Gestionnaire, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, 030106 microbiology, Population, Aspergillosis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus PCR, 03 medical and health sciences, Galactomannan, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Predictive Value of Tests, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Aspergillus, education.field_of_study, Hematology, biology, Solid Organ Transplant, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Fungal Infection, 3. Good health, Molecular Typing, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Haematology
Abstract: International audience; Objectives: cerebral aspergillosis is a rare but often fatal form of invasive aspergillosis that remains difficult to diagnose. The literature has shown the value of Aspergillus PCR in blood-derived samples for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis but provides far less information for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cerebral aspergillosis. Here, we evaluated the usefulness of an Aspergillus PCR assay performed on CSF for the diagnosis of cerebral aspergillosis.Methods: this retrospective study involved 72 patients with suspected cerebral aspergillosis for a total of 88 CSF samples in whom CSF Aspergillus PCR was performed.Results: seventeen patients had proven/probable invasive aspergillosis according to the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria, including twelve cases of proven/probable cerebral aspergillosis. AspergillusPCR in CSF was positive in nine of the twelve patients with cerebral aspergillosis, i.e. 75% sensitivity. In contrast, CSF culture was positive for Aspergillus in only two patients. In the non cerebral aspergillosis group (60 patients), PCR was positive in one patient, i.e., 98.3% specificity. In this particular population of high-risk patients with suspicion of cerebral aspergillosis, the disease incidence was 16.7%. Therefore, the positive and negative predictive values of PCR were 90% and 95.2% respectively.Conclusion: the results of this study indicate that Aspergillus PCR in CSF is an interesting tool that may eliminate the need for cerebral biopsy in patients with suspected cerebral aspergillosis.
Published: 2017

43. Travelers With Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cured Without Systemic Therapy

Author: Max Grogl, Gloria Morizot, Eric Kendjo, E. Bourrat, Pierre Buffet, A. Pérignon, Laurence Lachaud, E. Laffitte, F. Cordoliani, Dominique Mazier, C. Ravel, Françoise Foulet, Marc Thellier, Oussama Mouri, N. Bodak, Eric Caumes, Muriel Vray, I. Alcaraz, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de parasitologie [Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Service de dermatologie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Service de dermatologie [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle ( MIVEGEC ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ) -Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Pasteur-Cnam risques infectieux et émergents ( PACRI ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Immunité et Infection, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -IFR113-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR113-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Pasteur-Cnam risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR113-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)
Subjects: Male, Administration, Topical, Disease, Systemic therapy, Wound care, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, liposomal amphotericin B, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, systemic antimony, Aged, 80 and over, Travel, education.field_of_study, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, miltefosine, medicine.drug, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, intralesional antimony, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Antiprotozoal Agents, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Young Adult, cutaneous leishmaniasis, 03 medical and health sciences, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, education, Adverse effect, Aged, Miltefosine, business.industry, Infant, medicine.disease, Bandages, Comorbidity, Surgery, business
Abstract: (See the Editorial Commentary by Bailey on pages 381–3.) Background. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a disfiguring but not life-threatening disease. Because antileishmanial drugs are potentially toxic, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends simple wound care or local therapy as first-line treatment, followed or replaced by systemic therapy if local therapy fails or cannot be performed. Methods. To determine the feasibility and impact of the recommended approach, we analyzed the results of a centralized referral treatment program in 135 patients with parasitologically proven CL. Results. Infections involved 10 Leishmania species and were contracted in 29 different countries. Eighty-four of 135 patients (62%) were initially treated without systemic therapy. Of 109 patients with evaluable charts, 23 of 25 (92%) treated with simple wound care and 37 of 47 (79%) treated with local antileishmanial therapy were cured by days 42–60. In 37 patients with large or complex lesions, or preexisting morbidities, or who had not been cured with local therapy, the cure rate with systemic antileishmanial agents was 60%. Systemic adverse events were observed in 15 patients, all receiving systemic therapy. Conclusions. In this population of CL patients displaying variable degrees of complexity and severity, almost two-thirds of patients could be initially managed without systemic therapy. Of these, 60 were cured before day 60. The WHO-recommended stepwise approach favoring initial local therapy therefore resulted in at least 44% of all patients being cured without exposure to the risk of systemic adverse events. Efforts are needed to further simplify local therapy of CL and to improve the management of patients with complex lesions and/or preexisting comorbidities.
Published: 2013

44. Multilocus phylogeny and MALDI-TOF analysis of the plant-pathogenic species Alternaria dauci and relatives

Author: Sophie Brun, Dominique Mazier, Birgitte Andersen, Bert Gerrits van den Ende, Hugo Madrid, Carine Marinach-Patrice, G. Sybren de Hoog, Evolutionary Biology (IBED, FNWI), Immunité et Infection, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR113-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Evolutionary Phytopathology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Center for Microbial Biotechnology (CMB), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University Health Science Center-Peking University First Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)-Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Peking University [Beijing], Brun, Sophie, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: MALDI-TOF, Alternaria solani, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Alternaria dauci, Species Specificity, Phylogenetics, Botany, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, Genetics, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Pleosporales, Plant pathology, Internal transcribed spacer, DNA, Fungal, Mycological Typing Techniques, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Plant Diseases, 0303 health sciences, biology, Phylogenetic tree, 030306 microbiology, Alternaria, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Ribosomal RNA, biology.organism_classification, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Molecular identification
Abstract: International audience; The genus Alternaria includes numerous phytopathogenic species, many of which are economically relevant. Traditionally, identification has been based on morphology, but is often hampered by the tendency of some strains to become sterile in culture and by the existence of species-complexes of morphologically similar taxa. This study aimed to assess if strains of four closely-related plant pathogens, i.e., accurately Alternaria dauci (ten strains), Alternaria porri (six), Alternaria solani (ten), and Alternaria tomatophila (ten) could be identified using multilocus phylogenetic analysis and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) profiling of proteins. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on three loci, i.e., the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rRNA, and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) and Alternaria major antigen (Alt a 1) genes. Phylogenetic trees based on ITS sequences did not differentiate strains of A. solani, A. tomatophila, and A. porri, but these three species formed a clade separate from strains of A. dauci. The resolution improved in trees based on gpd and Alt a 1, which distinguished strains of the four species as separate clades. However, none provided significant bootstrap support for all four species, which could only be achieved when results for the three loci were combined. MALDI-TOF-based dendrograms showed three major clusters. The first comprised all A. dauci strains, the second included five strains of A. porri and one of A. solani, and the third included all strains of A. tomatophila, as well as all but one strain of A. solani, and one strain of A. porri. Thus, this study shows the usefulness of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as a promising tool for identification of these four species of Alternaria which are closely-related plant pathogens.
Published: 2013

45. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: A multidisciplinary review

Author: Amytis Roboubi, Camille Audousset, Émilie Fréalle, Anne-Laure Brun, François Laurent, Joana Vitte, Geoffrey Mortuaire, Guillaume Lefevre, Jacques Cadranel, Cécile Chenivesse, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU LIlle], Institut de Microbiologie [CHRU Lille], Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Claude Huriez [Lille], CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Complexe de recherche interprofessionnel en aérothermochimie (CORIA), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Pneumologie et Immuno-Allergologie [CHU LIlle], and Pole Cardio-vasculaire et pulmonaire [CHU Lille]
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a rare disease characterized by a complex allergic inflam-matory reaction of airways against Aspergillus affecting patients with chronic respiratory diseases (asthma, cystic fibrosis). Exacerbation is often the way to diagnose ABPA and marks its evolution by its recurrent char-acter leading to cortico-requirement or long-term antifungal treatment. Early diagnosis allows treatment of ABPA at an initial stage, preventing recurrence of exacerbations and long-term complications, mainly repre-sented by bronchiectasis. This review of the literature aims to present the current state of the art in terms of diagnosis and treatment of ABPA from a multidisciplinary perspective. As there is no clinical, biological nor radiological specific sign, diagnostic criteria are regularly revised. They are mainly based on the elevation of total and specific IgE against Aspergillus fumigatus and the presence of suggestive CT abnormalities such as mucoid impaction and consolidations. ABPA management includes eviction of mold and pharmacological therapy. Exacerbations are treated in first line with a moderate dose of oral corticosteroids. Azole antifungal agents represent an alternative for the treatment of exacerbations and are the preferential strategy to reduce the future risk of exacerbations and for corticosteroids sparing. Asthma biologics may be of interest; how-ever, their place remains to be determined. Avoiding complications of ABPA while limiting the side effects of systemic drugs remains a major challenge of ABPA management. Several drugs, including new antifungals and asthma biologics, are currently being tested and may be useful in the future.(c) 2023 SFMM. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Published: 2023

46. A humanized mouse model for sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum sexual stages and in vivo evaluation of gametocytidal drugs OPEN

Author: Florian Dupuy, Yoann Duffier, Catherine Lavazec, Dominique Mazier, Audrey Lorthiois, Grégory Jouvion, Laurence Fiette, Pau Cisteró, Alfredo Mayor, Alicia Moreno Sabater, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Hospital Clinic (CRESIB), Universitat de Barcelona, Histopathologie humaine et Modèles animaux, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Génétique et Génomique des Insectes vecteurs, Institut Pasteur [Paris] - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Financial support from the Fonds Inkermann and the Cnrs (ATIP-Avenir grant), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), GR-Ex, Laboratoire d'Excellence, GR-Ex, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Hospital Clinic ( CRESIB ), Universitat de Barcelona ( UB ), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses ( CIMI ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], HAL-UPMC, Gestionnaire, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Erythrocytes, Primaquine, Plasmodium falciparum, Malària, Article, Antimalarials, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Bone Marrow, In vivo, parasitic diseases, medicine, Gametocyte, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Malaria, Falciparum, Life Cycle Stages, Multidisciplinary, biology, In vitro toxicology, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, Malaria, [SDV.SP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [ SDV.SP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Humanized mouse, Immunology, Bone marrow, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Spleen, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; The development of new drugs to disrupt malaria transmission requires the establishment of an in vivo model to address the biology of Plasmodium falciparum sexual stages (gametocytes). Herein we show that chemically immune-modulated NSG mice grafted with human erythrocytes support complete sexual development of P. falciparum parasites and generate high gametocytemia. Immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR analyses indicate an enrichment of immature gametocytes in the bone marrow and the spleen, suggesting a sequestration mechanism reminiscent to that observed in humans. Upon primaquine treatment, elimination of gametocytes from peripheral blood and from sequestration sites was observed, providing a proof of concept that these mice can be used for testing drugs. Therefore, this model allows the investigation of P. falciparum sexual commitment, gametocyte interactions with the bone marrow and spleen and provides the missing link between current in vitro assays and Phase I trials in humans for testing new malaria gametocytidal drugs. The eradication of malaria requires the development of new transmission-blocking drugs that have to be tested in animal models 1. Plasmodium falciparum transmission from humans to mosquitoes is ensured by the parasite sexual stages called gametocytes. Immature gametocytes, from stage I to IV, develop in erythrocytes that seques-ter approximately 10 days in internal organs. Only the mature stages (stage V) are found in the peripheral blood where they are available for ingestion by mosquitoes. Recent molecular and histological studies of post-mortem specimens and clinical studies from infected individuals revealed that immature gametocytes are present in the extravascular compartment of the human bone marrow 2–4. In addition, early post-mortem observations and a recent clinical case report on a splenectomized patient suggested that immature gametocytes might also sequester in the spleen 5–7. However, it is still unclear whether the spleen is a site for maturation or clearance of immature gametocytes. The molecular mechanisms underlying the sequestration of gametocytes, followed by their release upon maturation into the circulation, remains one of the unanswered questions in the biology of malaria parasites that needs to be addressed by in vivo studies 8. One of the major challenges in studying P. falciparum gametocytes in laboratory animals is the parasite's specificity for its human host and the important biological differences that exist between P. falciparum and rodent malaria gametocytes. Moreover, the use of non-human primates is limited due to economic and ethical considerations. In addition, P. falciparum infection with a gametocyte-producing parasite strain can only be achieved in
Published: 2016

47. Early diagnosis and monitoring of mucormycosis by detection of circulating DNA in serum: retrospective analysis of 44 cases collected through the French Surveillance Network of Invasive Fungal Infections (RESSIF)

Author: L. Millon, R. Herbrecht, F. Grenouillet, F. Morio, A. Alanio, V. Letscher-Bru, S. Cassaing, T. Chouaki, C. Kauffmann-Lacroix, P. Poirier, D. Toubas, O. Augereau, S. Rocchi, D. Garcia-Hermoso, S. Bretagne, H. Dupont, J.P. Marolleau, A. Totet, C. Damiani, A. Berceanu, F. Larosa, J. Bonhomme, C. Chabrot, B. Bouteille, D. Boutoille, T. Gastinne, P. Peterlin, M. Gari Toussaint, D. Poisson, D. Briet, J. Buret, M. Legrand, B. Denis, E. Raffoux, A. Bergeron, A. Veinstein, C. Godet, Y. N'guyen, S. Diallo, M. Sabou, J. Denis, M.P. Ledoux, C. Recher, J. Ruiz, G. Desoubeaux, E. Bailly, E. Chachaty, F. Dromer, O. Lortholary, K. Sitbon, D. Hoinard, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Service d’Oncologie et d’Hématologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France, IICiMed - EA 1155, Université de Nantes (UN)-UFR Sciences et Techniques [Université de Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques [Université de Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN), Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Saint Louis [APHP], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Toulouse], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 (MEDyC), SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHR), Immunologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de parasitologie et de mycologie médicales, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (INAF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Service d'hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Jean Minjoz, CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Hématologie Clinique [CHU Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes], Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes, Service d'Hématologie Clinique [Nantes] (Unité d'Investigation Clinique), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association de dépistage des cancers, Mutualité française, Pathologie et virologie moléculaire (PVM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de pneumologie [Saint-Louis], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de physique des interfaces et des couches minces [Palaiseau] (LPICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Direction Méditerranée (Cerema Direction Méditerranée), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Université de Tours, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), service de parasito-mycologie CHU Besancon, service de parasitologie mycologie CHU Jean Minjoz BESANCON, Hôpital Jean Minjoz-Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Université de Nantes ( UN ) - UFR Sciences et Techniques-UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire ( CNRMA ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ), CHU Amiens-Picardie, CHU de Poitiers, CHU Gabriel Montpied ( CHU ), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 ( MEDyC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims ( CHU de Reims ), Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans ( CHR ), This work was supported by a grant from French Ministry of Health (Projet Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique, national-ModiMucor 2014-A00580-47). LM has received support for travel to meetings from Pfizer, MSD and Gilead. RH received honorariafrom Astellas, Basilea, Gilead, MSD, Pfizer and Schering-Plough and a research grant from Pfizer. SB received project funding from Renishaw Diagnostics, was sponsored by Pfizer and MSD to attend international meetings, and provided consultancy for Gilead., French Mycosis Study Group, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHRO), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Cibles et médicaments de l'infection, de l'immunité et du cancer (IICiMed), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), and CHU Gabriel Montpied (CHU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pathology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Comorbidity, Quantitative PCR, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Diagnosis, Sampling (medicine), 030212 general & internal medicine, DNA, Fungal, Fungemia, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Aged, 80 and over, biology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Population Surveillance, Mucorales, Female, France, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Mucormycosis, Survival rate, Survival analysis, Aged, Retrospective Studies, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Survival Analysis, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, monitoring, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; The main objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of a set of three Mucorales quantitative PCR assays in a retrospective multicentre study. Mucormycosis cases were recorded thanks to the French prospective surveillance programme (RESSIF network). The day of sampling of the first histological or mycological positive specimen was defined as day 0 (D0). Detection of circulating DNA was performed on frozen serum samples collected from D-30 to D30, using quantitative PCR assays targeting Rhizomucor, Lichtheimia, Mucor/Rhizopus. Forty-four patients diagnosed with probable (n = 19) or proven (n = 25) mucormycosis were included. Thirty-six of the 44 patients (81%) had at least one PCR-positive serum. The first PCR-positive sample was observed 9 days (range 0-28 days) before diagnosis was made using mycological criteria and at least 2 days (range 0-24 days) before imaging. The identifications provided with the quantitative PCR assays were all concordant with culture and/or PCR-based identification of the causal species. Survival rate at D84 was significantly higher for patients with an initially positive PCR that became negative after treatment initiation than for patients whose PCR remained positive (48% and 4%, respectively; p \textless10(-6)). The median time for complete negativity of PCR was 7 days (range 3-19 days) after initiation of l-AmB treatment. Despite some limitations due to the retrospective design of the study, we showed that Mucorales quantitative PCR could not only confirm the mucormycosis diagnosis when other mycological arguments were present but could also anticipate this diagnosis. Quantification of DNA loads may also be a useful adjunct to treatment monitoring.
Published: 2016

48. A misleading false-negative result of Pneumocystis real-time PCR assay due to a rare punctual mutation: A French multicenter study

Author: Laurence Pougnet, Sorya Belaz, Yann Pépino, Solène Le Gal, Lilia Hasseine, Christophe Hennequin, Stéphane Valot, Michèle Virmaux, Florence Robert-Gangneux, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Mélanie Pitous, Eloise Lissillour, Thibaud Guillaud-Saumur, Gilles Nevez, Céline Damiani, Anne Totet, Dominique Toubas, Florent Morio, Paul Gueguen, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Brest (UBO), Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques - UMR INERIS_I 1 (PERITOX), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Laboratoire de parasitologie et de mycologie médicales [CHU Amiens], CHU Amiens-Picardie, Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078) (GGB), EFS-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Histocompatibilité [Brest], Hôpital Morvan [Brest]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, ERANet-LAC CAPRI-PC HID-0254, European Union, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie-Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest)-Hôpital Morvan [Brest], SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii, law.invention, Gene Frequency, law, Mutation frequency, Child, DNA, Fungal, False Negative Reactions, Polymerase chain reaction, Pneumocystis jirovecii, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Aged, 80 and over, Real time-PCR, biology, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, PCP, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Child, Preschool, Mutation (genetic algorithm), Female, France, Adult, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, DNA, Mitochondrial, DNA, Ribosomal, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, medicine, Humans, Point Mutation, Gene, TaqMan® MGB probe, Aged, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Ribosomal RNA, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, RNA, Ribosomal, mutation
Abstract: International audience; This article describes a previously unreported mutation at position 210 (C210T) of the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA (mtLSUrRNA) gene of Pneumocystis jirovecii, which led to a false-negative result of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Since the aforementioned real-time PCR assay is widely used in France, a French multicenter study was conducted to estimate the mutation frequency and its potential impact on the routine diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Through analysis of data obtained from eight centers, the mutation frequency was estimated at 0.28%. This low frequency should not call into question the routine use of this PCR assay. Nonetheless, the occurrence of the false-negative PCR result provides arguments for maintaining microscopic techniques combined to PCR assays to achieve PCP diagnosis.
Published: 2016

49. Calcineurin inhibitors impair neutrophil activity against Aspergillus fumigatus in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Author: Priscillia Bresler, Sébastien Imbert, Alexandre Boissonnas, Madalina Uzunov, Stéphanie Nguyen, Laetitia Souchet, Lauraine Gauthier, Dominique Mazier, Veronique Leblond, Arnaud Fekkar, Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service d'Hématologie clinique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HAL-UPMC, Gestionnaire, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Hyphal growth, Adult, Male, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Neutrophils, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Calcineurin Inhibitors, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Video microscopy, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Neutropenia, Aspergillus fumigatus, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Invasive fungal infection, immune system diseases, Calcineurin inhibitor, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Aged, Innate immunity, Transplantation, biology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Neutrophil extracellular traps, Middle Aged, Immune reconstitution, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Calcineurin, 030104 developmental biology, surgical procedures, operative, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, Reactive Oxygen Species
Abstract: Background Neutrophils are key effectors against the widely distributed mold Aspergillus fumigatus , which is a major threat for immunocompromised patients, including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Yet little is known about neutrophil activity over time after cell transplantation, especially regarding A fumigatus . Objective We aimed at assessing the activity of neutrophils on A fumigatus in allogeneic HSCT recipients at different posttransplantation time points. Methods We performed a longitudinal study involving 37 patients undergoing HSCT, drawing blood samples at engraftment and at 2, 6, and 10 months after the HSCT. Posttransplantation neutrophil activity in the recipients was compared with that of the respective donors. Neutrophil/ A fumigatus coculture, flow cytometry, and video microscopy were used to assess neutrophil inhibition of fungal growth, cell/fungus interactions, reactive oxygen species production, major surface molecule expression, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Results The ability of neutrophils to interfere with Aspergillus species hyphal growth was impaired after HSCT. The administration of calcineurin inhibitors appeared to play an important role in this impairment. We also observed that post-HSCT neutrophils produced less NETs, which was correlated with increased fungal growth. Tapering immunosuppression led to the recuperation of inhibition capacity 10 months after HSCT. Conclusion In HSCT recipients neutrophil-driven innate immunity to fungi is altered in the early posttransplantation period (between recovery from neutropenia and up to 6 months). This alteration is at least partly related to administration of calcineurin inhibitors and diminution of NETs production.
Published: 2016

50. Toxoplasmic ventriculitis

Author: W. Mauhin, A. Demoule, D. Leclercq, J. Gasnault, L. Paris, C. Katlama, L. Epelboin, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (Département ' R3S '), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Université de Guyane (UG), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Middle Aged, Cerebral Ventriculitis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral, Humans, Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

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