Search

The primary cilium, an antenna-like structure on the cell surface, acts as a mechanical and chemical sensory organelle. Primary cilia play critical roles in sensing the extracellular environment to coordinate various developmental and homeostatic signaling pathways. Here, we showed that the depletion of heat shock protein family A member 9 (HSPA9)/mortalin stimulates primary ciliogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells. The downregulation of HSPA9 enhances mitochondrial stress by increasing mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation. Notably, the inhibition of either mtROS production or mitochondrial fission significantly suppressed the increase in primary ciliogenesis in HSPA9-depleted cells. In addition, enhanced primary ciliogenesis contributed to cell survival by activating AKT in SH-SY5Y cells. The abrogation of ciliogenesis through the depletion of IFT88 potentiated neurotoxicity in HSPA9-knockdown cells. Furthermore, both caspase-3 activation and cell death were increased by MK-2206, an AKT inhibitor, in HSPA9-depleted cells. Taken together, our results suggest that enhanced primary ciliogenesis plays an important role in preventing neurotoxicity caused by the loss of HSPA9 in SH-SY5Y cells.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise and diet on mental status, insulin signaling pathway, serotonin synthesis, and microbiome in high-fat-induced obesity mice. Before the start of this experiment, obesity groups made obese mice by administering a high-fat diet containing 60% fat for 12 weeks. In the obesity with exercise group, after a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, exercise was performed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks. In the obesity with diet group, a high-fat diet for 12 weeks followed by a normal diet for 8 weeks. Depression and anxiety were determined by open field test and elevated plus maze test. Immunohistochemistry for tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe, western blot analysis for phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-ATK), total AKT (t-AKT), phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K), and total PI3K (t-PI3K) in the hippocampus were performed. Analysis of microbiome was also conducted. Obesity-induced depression and anx-iety status, suppressed ratio of p-AKT/t-AKT and p-PI3K/t-PI3K, and in-hibited TPH synthesis. Exercise and diet improved depression and anxi-ety status, activated p-AKT/t-AKT and p-PI3K/t-PI3K, and increased TPH synthesis. Exercise and diet improved depression and anxiety sta-tus by increasing the insulin signaling pathway and promoting serotonin production. These effects of exercise and diet were almost similar. In addition, exercise and diet regulated the composition of gut microbiota.

Recently, as the importance of healthcare has increased, researches are being conducted to measure health status in real time. Heart Rate (HR) measurement is one of the important health conditions that measure heart beat rates. HR measurement can be performed using Photoplethysmogram (PPG) or Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Since the PPG or ECG signals are different from people to people, conventional HR estimator occasionally results in large errors. To develop a reliable HR estimator, an HR estimation technique using PPG is proposed in this paper, based on a deep learning technique. The proposed HR estimation technique has the following key features. We develop a new artificial neural network which is 1-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) composed of ten convolutional layers and two fully connected layers. To assess the estimation performance, cross validation is used. The training and verification of the proposed 1D-CNN technique are performed on Python 3.7.5 with Keras 2.0 library. The proposed HR estimation technique performs training and verification using field PPG data. Overfitting is prevented by increasing the limited training data by data augmentation. In training, the loss function is the Mean Square Error (MSE), which is commonly used in regression problems. In the verification, the error between the predicted HR and the actual HR is compared using Mean Absolute Error (MAE). As a result of the final performance verification through cross validation, the proposed technique shows an MAE of 1.23 Beats Per Minute (BPM). This results indicate that the proposed technique enables quick and accurate HR estimation with only PPG signals. Therefore, if this technique is applied to medical and wearable devices, the proposed technique can replace the existing HR monitors.

Developing highly active and cost-effective electrocatalysts for enhancing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a significant challenge for overall water splitting. Sulfur-incorporated nickel iron (oxy)hydroxide (S-NiFeOOH) nanosheets were directly grown on commercial nickel foam using a galvanic corrosion method and a hydrothermal method. The incorporation of sulfur into NiFeOOH enhanced the catalytic activity for the HER and OER in 1 M KOH electrolyte. The enhanced catalytic activity is attributed to the change in the local structure and chemical states due to the incorporation of sulfur. High performance for overall water splitting was achieved with an alkaline water electrolyzer. This was realized by employing S-NiFeOOH as a bifunctional electrocatalyst, thereby outperforming a water electrolyzer that requires the usage of precious metal electrocatalysts (i.e., Pt/C as the HER electrocatalyst and IrO2 as the OER electrocatalyst). Moreover, when driven by a commercial silicon solar cell, an alkaline water electrolyzer that uses S-NiFeOOH as a bifunctional electrocatalyst generated hydrogen under natural illumination. This study shows that S-NiFeOOH is a promising candidate for a large-scale industrial implementation of hydrogen production for overall water splitting because of its low cost, high activity, and durability. In addition, the solar-driven water electrolyzer using S-NiFeOOH as a bifunctional electrocatalyst affords the opportunity for developing effective and feasible solar power systems in the future.

Mechanically stretchable strain sensors have gained tremendous attentions in bio-inspired skin sensation systems and artificially intelligent tactile sensors. However, high-accuracy detection of both strain intensity and direction with simple device/array structures is still insufficient. To overcome this limitation, we propose an omnidirectional strain perception platform utilizing a stretchable strain sensor array with triangular-sensor-assembly (three sensors tilted by 45 °) coupled with machine learning-based neural network classification algorithm. The strain sensor, which is constructed with strain-insensitive electrode regions and strain-sensitive channel region, can minimize the undesirable electrical intrusion from the electrodes by strain, leading to a heterogeneous surface structure for more reliable strain sensing characteristics. The strain sensor exhibited decent sensitivity with gauge factor of ∼8, a moderate sensing range (0 ∼ 35%), and relatively good reliability (3,000 stretching cycles). More importantly, by employing a multiclass-multioutput behavior-learned cognition algorithm, the stretchable sensor array with triangular-sensor-assembly exhibited highly accurate recognition of both direction and intensity of an arbitrary strain by interpretating the correlated signals from the three-unit sensors. The omnidirectional strain perception platform with neural network algorithm exhibited overall strain intensity and direction accuracy around 98±2% over a strain range of 0 ∼ 30% in various surface stimuli environments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Cockroaches live in places where various pathogens exist. Thus, they are more likely to use antimicrobial compounds to defend against pathogen intrusions. We previously performed an in silico analysis of the Periplaneta americana transcriptome and detected periplanetasin-5 using an in silico antimicrobial peptide prediction method. In this study, we investigated whether periplanetasin-5 has anticancer activity against the human leukemia cell line K562. Cell growth and survival of K562 cells treated with periplanetasin-5 were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. By using flow cytometric analysis, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, and DNA fragmentation, we found that periplanetasin-5 induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death in leukemia cells. In addition, these events were associated with increased levels of the proapoptotic proteins Fas and cytochrome c and reduced levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Periplanetasin-5 induces the cleavage of pro-caspase-9, pro-caspase-8, pro-caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The above data suggest that periplanetasin-5 induces apoptosis via both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Furthermore, caspase-related apoptosis was further confirmed by using the caspase inhibitor carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK), which reversed the periplanetasin-5-induced reduction in cell viability. In conclusion, periplanetasin-5 caused apoptosis in leukemia cells, suggesting its potential utility as an anticancer therapeutic agent.

To understand the mechanism of ring shakes in Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii), the ring shake surface on the tangential section was observed and compared with the shear surface of green and air-dry wood. Macroscopically, the ring shakes occurred in the heartwood between the 20th and 40th growth ring. The ring shake surface exhibited an even and clean structure without the fluff. The shear surface of the green wood showed a larger amount of fluff compared to that of air-dry wood. In microscopy, ring shake failure occurred at the end of the latewood and/or the beginning of earlywood or within the earlywood zone. The ring shake surface was covered with a resinous substance, and the wood cells were observed after removing the resinous substance with ethanol. The tracheid walls in the ring shake and shear surface of green wood primarily exhibited intercell failure and rarely intrawall and transwall failures. In air-dry wood, the tracheid walls in the shear surface mostly exhibited intrawall and transwall failures. In the ring shake surface, there was hardly any failure in the epithelial and ray cells, thereby showing a distinct difference compared to the shear surface of the green and air-dry woods.

Primary cilia help to maintain cellular homeostasis by sensing conditions in the extracellular environment, including growth factors, nutrients, and hormones that are involved in various signaling pathways. Recently, we have shown that enhanced primary ciliogenesis in dopamine neurons promotes neuronal survival in a Parkinson’s disease model. Moreover, we performed fecal metabolite screening in order to identify several candidates for improving primary ciliogenesis, including L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine. However, the role of carnitine in primary ciliogenesis has remained unclear. In addition, the relationship between primary cilia and neurodegenerative diseases has remained unclear. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of carnitine on primary ciliogenesis in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated cells. We found that both L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine promoted primary ciliogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, the enhancement of ciliogenesis by carnitine suppressed MPP+-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species overproduction and mitochondrial fragmentation in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, carnitine inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that enhanced ciliogenesis regulates MPP+-induced neurotoxicity and inflammation.

To compare the wood quality of Dahurian larch and Japanese larch growing in Korea, the physical and mechanical properties were examined using the Korean standards. The proportion of heartwood was 82% and 72% in Dahurian and Japanese larch, respectively. The percentage of latewood was 42% in Dahurian larch and 35% in Japanese larch. The growth ring width of Dahurian larch was narrower than that of Japanese larch. Dahurian larch showed about 20% higher green moisture content compare to Japanese larch wood. Density and shrinkage of Dahurian larch were higher than Japanese larch. Axial compression strength, young`s modulus in compression, and shearing strength in heartwood of Dahurian larch were 11 MPa, 686 MPa, and 2.3 MPa, respectively, showing higher value than Japanese larch. The hardness was in the range of 13.8–38.7 MPa in Dahurian larch and 17.7–48.4 MPa in Japanese larch. The compression strength parallel to the grain and shearing strength in both species were significantly correlated with oven-dried density. Besides, the hardness in Dahurian larch was significantly correlated with latewood percentage and oven-dried density. In conclusion, the differences in the properties of both species were revealed and the results can be used for quality indices of both wood species.

This brief presents a low-noise chopper amplifier that uses a lateral PNP input stage with automatic base current cancellation in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process. A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) input stage can achieve lower noise level than the MOS transistor input stage, but its base current causes low DC input impedance. To enhance the DC input impedance of the BJT input stage, an automatic base current cancellation circuit is implemented using a 10-bit current digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and a successive approximation register (SAR) logic. The output current of the DAC tracks the base current of the BJT input stage using a binary search operation of the SAR logic, and the current DAC provides a cancellation current to the base of the BJT input stage to cancel the input base current. The amplifier is implemented in 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS process, and the proposed amplifier occupies an active area of 0.297 mm2. The current consumption of the chopper amplifier is 146 $\mu \text{A}$ with 3.3 V supply voltage. The input referred noise of the chopper amplifier is 5.53 nV $/\surd $ Hz. The input bias current of the proposed amplifier with lateral PNP input stage implementing automatic base current cancellation is 0.391 nA.

Zophobas atratus which is also referred as giant meal worm, belongs to the largest darkling beetle family. The rich protein and fat content in the giant meal worm made it as excellent protein source in pet feed and thus instigated the commercial rearing. Insect antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have therapeutic potential with wide range of activity against bacteria, fungus, parasites, and viruses. However, there is a lack of study of AMPs from Zophobas atratus. We have immunized the giant meal worm with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and total RNA was isolated and sequenced. De novo transcriptome assembly and functional annotations was done. The AMPs were predicted using in silico pipeline from transcriptome data. A total of 355,771,565 raw reads with 26.6 gigabytes was obtained. After trimming and low-quality sequences removal, 328,196,384 (92.2%) total clean reads was obtained. A total of 47,635 unigenes were assembled with the average length of 1109 bp. AMP pipeline predicted a total of 752 peptides of which 177 were novel AMPs all of which are non-allergens. Based on the α-helix secondary structure requirement for higher efficiency 14 peptides were synthesized and tested in vitro to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations. Eventually, the peptides Za 7, Za 15, Za 22 were selected as the prime candidates for the development of antimicrobial agents and none of them showed hemolytic activity up to 100 μg/mL. Our data provides an insight in Zophobas atratus transcriptome derived AMPs and understanding its antimicrobial activity.

To accurately predict and monitor an individual’s health, accurate information on the changing patterns of the individual’s physiological signals is required. In this study, obesity parameters were analyzed using regression analysis based on the physiological signals of individuals who performed continuous exercise. To this end, three healthy adult subjects participated in the experiment, and their health management was analyzed by monitoring changes in health information parameters while they performed continuous exercise with daily activities over a long period of time. Subjects’ exercise parameters included heart rate were collected through smart watches, and their specified obesity parameters were measured using a smart scale. The analysis results showed that weight and body fat decreased and muscle composition increased in conjunction with the amount of exercise for two subjects who performed continuous exercise while conducting daily activities. For one subject who did not perform any specific exercise, however, the weight and body muscle rate tended to increase slightly and the body fat rate tended to decrease slightly. It was found that continuous exercise improved the subjects’ ability to adapt to exercise, thereby increasing Max BPM and reducing weight. Performing continuous exercise while conducting daily activities appears to improve physical measures of health, as it decreases weight and body fat rate and increases body muscle rate. Health management analysis based on the physiological data collected from smart devices is expected to play a role in keeping the human body healthy.

This study was conducted to provide foundational anatomical information of three infrequently used wood species growing in tropical areas. Three species of the genus Syzygium, namely the clove tree, kupa, and spicate eugenia, were selected. The representative anatomical features of these species were classified using the International Association of Wood Anatomists (IAWA) anatomical feature list. The representative anatomical features of the clove tree included the distribution of small vessels with tangential diameters of approximately 60 µm in cross-surface, a dense spacing of vessels, the axial parenchyma in narrow bands or lines up to three cells wide, and the body ray cells procumbent with over four rows of upright and/or square marginal cells. The kupa showed axial parenchyma confluent and the body ray cells were procumbent with over four rows of upright and/or square marginal cells. In the spicate eugenia, the axial parenchyma was diffused in aggregate with exclusively uniseriate rays and the body ray cells were procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells. These three species were easily identified by optical microscopy via the anatomical features of the woods.

Liquid water and water vapor absorption on each separate surface and all surfaces at once, as well as the oven-dry shrinkage before and after the hot-water extraction of the wood, were examined using Korean Standards. The extractives content was examined using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The highest water absorption and moisture adsorption were found in the transverse sections of both unextracted and extracted wood samples. There was no change in the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) in the unextracted vs. extracted wood samples at a relative humidity (RH) of 75%. However, the EMC in the extracted sample was higher than that in the unextracted sample at a RH of 90%. Swelling per 1% moisture content remained unchanged in the radial direction before and after extraction, while it increased in the tangential direction. The linear and volumetric shrinkage, as well as the coefficient of anisotropy, considerably increased after extraction. There was no difference in the extractive content between sapwood and heartwood. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the extractives in wood considerably affect the hygroscopicity and shrinkage of Paulownia wood.

Active and stable electrocatalysts are the key to water electrolysis for hydrogen production. This paper reports a facile direct growth method to synthesize NiFe-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) on nickel foil as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction. The NiFe-LDH is synthesized by a galvanic process at room temperature without any additional energy for synthesis. The synthesized NiFe-LDH is a karst landform with abundant active sites and efficient mass diffusion. The NiFe-LDH with an oxygen defect show excellent electrocatalytic performance for the OER, with a low overpotential (272 mV at 10 mA/cm2), a small Tafel slope (43 mV/dec), and superior durability. Direct growth synthesis provide excellent electrical conductivity as well as strong bonding between the catalyst layer and the substrate. In addition, this synthesis process is simple to apply in the fabrication of a large size electrode and is believed to be applicable to commercialized alkaline water electrolysis.

Vanadium oxides (VOx) are among the most widely used materials that undergo a metal-insulator transition (MIT). A sharp difference in their electrical resistance is observed before and after they reach the transition temperature. A great deal of research is currently underway to apply these materials to various applications. However, vanadium oxides generally have varied phases, and thin films made of these materials often end up with a multi-phase microstructure rather than a single-phase one. Also, these thin films are not as stable as desired. This multi-phase microstructure negatively affects the electrical properties of a thin film; thus, ensuring that a single-phase microstructure is achieved is important. An analysis of those thin films as to how this multi-phase microstructure, if any, is configured is also important. In the present study, I–V measurements were conducted to identify and analyze all VOx phases present in the VO2 thin film and even those that were too small in volume to be detected by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The experimental results were further analyzed using a space-charge-limited current model. As a result, at least two other phases, i.e., V5O9 and V2O3, were found to be present in the VO2 thin film.

To evaluate the postoperative prognostic value of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) category on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT in patients with primary liver carcinomas (PLCs).A total of 189 patients with chronic liver disease and surgically proven single PLC (42 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and 21 combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas and 126 hepatocellular carcinomas [2:1 matching to non-HCC malignancies]) were retrospectively evaluated with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and PET-CT. Two independent reviewers assigned an LI-RADS category for each observation. The tumor-to-liver standardized uptake value ratio (TLR) was calculated. The overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and the associated factors were evaluated.In multivariable analysis, LI-RADS category (LR-4 or LR-5 [LR-4/5] vs. LR-M; OS, hazard ratio [HR] 2.24, p = 0.006; RFS, HR 1.61, p = 0.028) and TLR (low, 2.3 vs. high, ≥ 2.3; OS, HR 2.09, p = 0.014; RFS, HR 2.17, p 0.001) were the independent factors for OS and RFS. For the LR-M group, the high TLR group showed lower OS and RFS rates than the low TLR group (OS, p = 0.008; RFS, p 0.001). For the LR-4/5 group, the OS and RFS rates were not significantly different between the high TLR and low TLR groups (both p 0.05).Both LI-RADS category on MRI and TLR on PET-CT are associated with the postoperative prognosis of PLCs. The prognosis of PLCs classified as LR-M can be further stratified according to the TLR group, but not for the PLCs classified as LR-4/5.• The LI-RADS category (LR-4/5 vs. LR-M) and tumor-to-liver standardized uptake value ratio (TLR, low vs. high) were independent factors for postoperative prognosis of primary liver carcinomas (PLCs). • For PLCs classified as LR-M, the TLR group helps stratify the postoperative prognosis of PLCs, with the high TLR group having a poor prognosis and the low TLR group having a better prognosis (p = 0.008 for OS and p 0.001 for RFS). • For PLCs classified as LR-4/5, the OS and RFS rates were not significantly different between the high TLR and low TLR groups (both p 0.05).

The radial variation of rays within the stems of Dahurian larch and Japanese larch growing in Korea was studied to obtain valuable information to identify the two species and determine wood quality. Uniseriate ray height, fusiform ray height, ray number, ray spacing, and epithelial cell number were investigated by optical microscopy. The heights of uniseriate and fusiform rays and epithelial cell numbers in Dahurian larch were lower than those in Japanese larch. Dahurian larch wood had greater ray number and ray spacing than Japanese larch wood. In both species, the heights of uniseriate and fusiform rays and epithelial cell number increased with increasing growth ring number but then stabilized from a certain growth ring number. However, ray number and ray spacing decreased with age but were stable toward the bark. There were significant differences in all ray properties between the two species. Furthermore, in both species, the number and spacing of rays showed a significant negative correlation with uniseriate ray height. The relationships between uniseriate and fusiform ray height, and between ray spacing and ray number were significantly positive. In conclusion, the results from this study provide basic information that can be used to identify these species, and the quality indices from ray properties will improve the effective utilization of the two woody species.

To compare the presence of washout and the diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) according to the presence of hepatic steatosis. This retrospective study included 566 patients with chronic liver disease who had undergone hepatic resection for hepatic tumors (482 HCCs and 84 non-HCCs) between January 2016 and June 2018 and had available multiphasic CT and MR images. Patients were allocated in the fatty liver (n = 141) or non-fatty liver (n = 425) group according to the presence of hepatic steatosis, defined as lipid droplets in at least 5% of hepatocytes on pathological examination. The presence of HCC washout and the diagnostic performance of CT and MRI for HCC were compared between the groups. HCC washout was less frequently seen in the fatty liver group than in the non-fatty liver group on CT (61.5% vs. 88.9%, p 0.05). Hepatic steatosis significantly decreased the performance of CT for the diagnosis of HCC, whereas it did not significantly alter the performance of MRI. • Unlike MRI, there is vanishing HCC washout on CT caused by the background hepatic steatosis. • The diagnostic performance of CT for the diagnosis of HCC was significantly altered by hepatic steatosis. • The optimal cutoff HU value of the liver parenchyma for the vanishing washout of HCC was

This study attempted to investigate the association between changes in the intestinal environment and the brain using a model that received aerobic exercise and microbiome transplantation. All mice were fed a diet containing 60% fat. For the obesity with nonexercise microbiome transplantation group, feces from donors that did not undergo exercise were administered. For the obesity with exercise microbiome trans-plantation group, feces from donors who underwent exercise were ad-ministered. Treadmill exercise started 16 weeks after the intake of the high fat feeding and continued for 24 weeks. The short-term memory and spatial learning memory were determined by step-down avoidance test and Morris water maze task, immunohistochemistry for glial fibril-lary acidic protein, western blot analysis for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B were performed in the hippo-campus. Exercise was the most effective way to reduce obesity, im-prove memory function, suppress inflammation, and increase brain-de-rived neurotrophic factor expression. Intestinal microbiota transplanta-tion was the second most effective after exercise. However, there was no significant difference in the fecal microbiota transplant group ac-cording to whether or not exercise was performed.

Background Analysis of the change pattern of a user's physiological signals collected over a long time and user health information prediction technology based on personal history data can provide the user with accurate health information. Objective In this study, we analyzed the change pattern of health information that was altered by performing personal training (PT) at the beginning of the study and subsequently quitting exercise and only performing activities of daily living (ADL). Methods The subject performed PT for 75 days, and then consistently performed relatively simple ADL, such as standing, sitting, and walking, for 325 days that followed. After 400 days, the health information was analyzed through the change patterns of various physiological signals. Personal exercise information and heart rate data were collected through a smart watch (Apple watch Nike+, Apple Inc.) and the obesity parameters (i.e. information on the weight, body fat fate, and body muscle rate) were measured using a smart scale (PICOOC S1 Pro, EasySolar). Results We found that the weight and body fat rate linearly decreased and the body muscle rate increased for the first 75 days when hard training was performed whereas they repeatedly increased or decreased when only ADL were performed. As the daily exercise distance increased, weight and body fat rate tended to decrease while body muscle rate tended to increase. There was no significant change in the weight, body fat rate, and body muscle rate while daily activities were performed, but continuous exercise is expected to improve cardiac function by increasing the cardiac output of the heart. Conclusion We expected that the simple physiological data measured with smart watches and smart scales can be used for the health management of the elderly living in rural areas in the future.