Search

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to determine the possible effects of the placement two different types of eyelid speculum on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement in clinically normal cats. Methods: Thirty healthy cats were divided randomly into two groups of 15, group B (Barraquer wire speculum) and group W (Williams eye speculum). All cats were sedated with intramuscular medetomidine (Dorbene vet; 100 μg/kg) then placed in right lateral recumbency, and IOP was recorded in the left eye using a Tono-Pen Vet tonometer without and with an eyelid speculum in place in both groups. Results: The without-speculum IOPs for cats in group B and group W were 13.8 ± 3.0 mmHg and 13.2 ± 3.6 mmHg, respectively, and did not differ significantly. A significant increase in IOP (19.8 ± 3.7 mmHg) was observed in group W in with-speculum measurements in comparison to the without-speculum values (P <0.001).There was no significant difference between with- and without-speculum IOP values (13.8 ± 2.7 mmHg) in group B (P = 1.0). Conclusions and relevance: The Barraquer wire speculum has no effect on IOP compared with the Williams eye speculum in normal cats, and may be an appropriate choice in cats for intraocular surgeries that cannot tolerate acute increases in IOP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of body position on intraocular pressure in clinically normal cats. Methods Sixteen clinically normal cats without any ocular abnormalities were used in this study. Cats were sequentially placed in three different recumbency positions (sternal recumbency, right lateral recumbency and dorsal position). For each of the three body positions, intraocular pressure (IOP) was recorded in the left eye using a Tono-Pen Vet tonometer (Reichert). Results Mean IOP readings in cats in the sternal recumbency, right lateral recumbency and dorsal positions were 15.6 ± 4.1, 16.6 ± 6.4 and 18.6 ± 6.8 mmHg, respectively. A significant increase was observed in IOP in cats in the dorsal position compared with the IOP observed in cats in sternal recumbency (P = 0.01) and right lateral recumbency (P = 0.04). There was no significant difference between the IOP recorded in the lateral recumbency and sternal recumbency (P = 0.17) positions. Conclusions and relevance Body position has a significant effect on the IOP of cats. IOP increases when cats are placed in dorsal recumbency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The present study was undertaken to establish reference values for Schirmer tear test (STT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in the long-eared hedgehog ( Hemiechinus auritus). Animals Fourteen healthy long-eared hedgehogs ( H. auritus) of either sex were studied. Procedures The hedgehogs were individually immobilized with an intramuscular injection of combined Ketamine (20 mg/kg) and Diazepam (0.5 mg/kg), and each animal underwent ophthalmic examinations including: STT, tonometry, biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Results No significant effects of animal gender, weight, side (right vs. left eye) were found in this study. Mean (SD) STT values for all eyes ( n = 28) were 1.7 ± 1.2 mm/1 min with a range of 0-4 mm/1 min. Mean STT in male animals was 2.2 ± 1.2. Mean STT in female Hedgehogs was 1.3 ± 1.1. Mean (SD) IOP values by applanation tonometry were 20.1 ± 4.0 mmHg (range 11.5-26.5 mmHg). Mean (SD) IOP values by applanation tonometry were 18.2 ± 4.0 and 22.0 ± 3.2 mmHg for males and females, respectively. Conclusions This study reports STT and IOP findings in long-eared hedgehogs ( H. auritus). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study aimed to determine the effects of intramuscular medetomidine on the results of tonometry in healthy cats. Methods Sixteen healthy cats were randomly divided into two groups of eight cats. The first group was sedated with intramuscular medetomidine alone (100 µg/kg) and the second group received only saline (0.5 ml/5 kg). Intraocular pressure (IOP) values were measured immediately before (T0) and after the injections at 15 mins (T15) and 25 mins (T25) in both groups. Results Sedation with medetomidine did not cause a statistically significant change in the mean IOP values. The pretreatment mean ± SD IOPs in the treatment and control groups were 16.2 ± 3.1 and 15.9 ± 4.0 mmHg, respectively. In the medetomidine group the mean ± SD IOPs at T15 and T25 were 16.1 ± 4.1 (P = 0.9) and 14.6 ± 2.2 (P = 0.1). Conclusions and relevance Based on this study in healthy cats, medetomidine may be a good choice as a sedative agent in uncooperative cats when IOP measurements are needed. Further investigations in cats with abnormal IOPs are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine effects of 14 days of oral administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on aqueous tear production in clinically normal Syrian hamsters. Animal studied Fifteen healthy adult Syrian hamsters. Procedure Baseline phenol red thread test ( PRTT) values were recorded 1 day prior to treatment. Eight hamsters in treated group received 15 mg/kg trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole orally twice a day for 14 days. The remaining seven hamsters were used as untreated controls and received a placebo. All ophthalmic tests were performed without chemical restraint. PRTT values were evaluated in both eyes of all Syrian hamsters using a commercial PRTT strip of a single lot number. Results The mean ± SD baseline PRTT values for treatment group and control group were 7.25 ± 1.3 mm/15 s and 5.42 ± 1.13 mm/15 s, respectively. After 14 days of drug administration, the mean ± SD PRTT values for treatment group and control group were 5.62 ± 1.5 and 5.64 ± 0.74, respectively. Significant decreases in the PRTT values, compared with baseline values, were observed in the treatment group on day 15 ( P = 0.042). Conclusions Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole decreased tear production in the hamster in this study . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine reference values for Schirmer tear tests I and II in clinically normal pigs. Animal studied Twenty clinically normal Landrace pigs (10 males and females) without ocular abnormalities were used in this study. Procedures In all pigs, Schirmer tear tests (STT) I and II were performed by using a sterile Schirmer tear test standardized strip (Schirmer-Tränentest®, Germany) placed in the lower conjunctival fornix for 1 min. Results For each test (STT I and STT II), no differences were observed between the right and left eyes ( P ≥ 0.5). The mean ± SD STT I value was 15.6 ± 3.7 mm/min (range, 10-22 mm/min), while the mean STT II value was 12.4 ± 3.8 mm/minute (range, 5-18 mm/min). The mean STT II value was significantly lower than the STT I level ( P < 0.001). Animal gender did not have a significant effect on STT I and II values ( P = 0.52). The mean ± SD STT I/II values of 10 juvenile pigs were significantly lower than the mean ± SD STT I/II values of 10 adult pigs ( P < 0.001). Conclusions This study of 20 Landrace pigs provided valuable information on normal STT I/II in this species. Knowledge of normal STT reference values in pigs enables the clinician to evaluate corneal pathology and diagnose tear deficiency syndromes with greater accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to measure intraocular pressure (IOP) in intact, healthy guinea pigs (15 male, 15 female) every 2 h for a 24-h period. First, IOP was measured by using rebound tonometry (RBT). After a 1-min rest period, 0.5% proparacaine ophthalmic solution, a topical anesthetic, was applied to both eyes; 4 min after anesthetic instillation, IOP was measured by using applanation tonometry (APT). The IOP was lower during the light period (0700 to 1900) than during the dark phase (2000 to 0600). The lowest IOP by both RBT and APT (3.68 and 13.37 mm Hg, respectively) occurred at 0700, whereas maximal IOP occurred at 2300 for RBT (8.12 mm Hg) but at 2100 for APT (20.62 mm Hg). No significant differences in IOP between the left and right eyes or between RBT and APT were noted. In addition, daily variations in the IOP of guinea pigs seem to be independent of sex and body weight. The results of this study may be beneficial in the diagnosis and observation of glaucoma in guinea pigs.