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In this report, we describe a case of penile strangulation via metal rings. A 65-year-old Japanese man was transferred to the emergency room of our hospital for, dysuria and penile pain following penile incarceration with metal rings. Five metal rings approximately 30 mm in diameter were incarcerated to the penile root. Physical examination, revealed marked penile swelling distal to the rings. Various methods including the use of a ring cutter, were attempted to relieve the penial strangulation. However, these techniques failed, prompting referral to a rescue team. We started cutting the rings with an air cutter. After, 90 minutes, the rings were successfully removed. This study highlights the benefit of early cooperation with the rescue team in managing patients with mechanical penile strangulation.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the surgical and oncological outcomes and complications of laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) to those of open radical cystectomy (ORC) in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Methods: Our study focused on patients with histologically confirmed stage T2–T4a urothelial carcinoma of the bladder without distant metastases, who underwent LRC (LRC group) or ORC (ORC group). The primary endpoints in this study were the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates. Results: In this study, 59 patients, 17 underwent LRC and 42 underwent ORC, were enrolled. The 2-year OS rate was 100% in the LRC group and 88.0% in the ORC group (p = 0.85). The 2-year RFS rate was 63.5% in the LRC group and 69.5% in the ORC group (p = 0.321). On multivariate analysis, the histological type, positive lymph node, and positive resection margin were significantly associated with the OS rates. Conclusions: This study suggested that LRC may achieve similar oncological outcomes and fewer perioperative complications and less blood loss compared to ORC. Therefore, LRC should be considered as one of the treatment options for patients with MIBC.

This study aimed to evaluate predictive factors for graft loss in patients who received kidney transplantation (KT) from living kidney donors (LKDs) at a single institute in Japan.Our study focused on patients with end-stage renal disease who underwent KT from LKDs and were followed up for at least 1 year after surgery. The primary end point was graft survival (GS). GS after KT was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. GS according to subgroup classification was analyzed using the log-rank test. A multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazard model.The median follow-up period was 105.5 months after KT. The 5- and 10-year GS rates were 97.8% and 96.0% in KT recipients (KTRs) without posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) and 89.9% and 63.2% in those with PTDM, respectively. The rate of graft loss was significantly higher in KTRs with PTDM than in those without PTDM (P .001). Of the KTRs whose diabetes mellitus (DM) was cured after KT, those who underwent dialysis because of diabetic nephropathy had no graft loss. In the multivariate analysis, the serum creatinine level at 1 month after KT, PTDM, and human leukocyte antigen mismatches were significantly associated with graft loss after KT.In this study, the rate of graft loss in KTRs with PTDM was significantly higher than that of KTRs without PTDM. However, among KTRs whose DM was cured after KT, those who underwent dialysis because of diabetic nephropathy had no graft loss.

Background Cabazitaxel (CBZ) is now widely used for prostate cancer (PC) patients resistant to docetaxel (DOC), however, most patients eventually acquire resistance. It will, therefore, be of great benefit to discover novel therapeutic target for the resistance. We aimed to identify candidate therapeutic targets for CBZ-resistance by proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from serum of DOC-resistant PC patients who later developed CBZ-resistance as well as those harvested from culture medium of DOC- and CBZ-resistant PC cell lines. Methods Using T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing protein 4 (Tim4) conjugated to magnetic beads, EVs were purified from serum of PC patients with DOC-resistance that was collected before and after acquiring CBZ-resistance and conditioned medium of DOC-resistant (22Rv1DR) and CBZ-resistant (22Rv1CR) PC cell lines. Protein analysis of EVs was performed by nanoLC-MS/MS, followed by a comparative analysis of protein expression and network analysis. The cytotoxic effect of a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, ZSTK474, was evaluated by WST-1 assay. The expression and phosphorylation of PI3K and PTEN were examined by western blot analysis. Results Among differentially regulated proteins, 77 and 61 proteins were significantly increased in EVs from CBZ-resistant PC cell line and patients, respectively. A comparison between the two datasets revealed that six proteins, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase, CD63, CD151, myosin light chain 9, and peroxiredoxin-6 were elevated in EVs from both cell line and patients. Network analysis of the increased EV proteins identified pathways associated with CBZ-resistance including PI3K signaling pathway. ZSTK474 significantly inhibited growth of 22Rv1CR cells and improved their sensitivity to CBZ. In 22Rv1CR cells, PI3K was activated and PTEN that inhibits PI3K was deactivated. Conclusions Proteomic analysis of serum EVs was successfully accomplished by using Tim-4 as a tool to isolate highly purified EVs. Our results suggest that the combination use of CBZ and PI3K inhibitor could be a promising treatment option for CBZ-resistant PC patients.

A 70-year-old man visited a private hospital with the chief complaint of right lower limb pain. Fluorodeoxyglucose-emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed abnormal uptake in the pubic bone, right femur, and ascending colon. The patient was referred to our hospital for further evaluation. The following tumor marker levels were found : prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 20.57 ng/ml, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 108.5 ng/ml, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) 1,002.1 U/ml. An open pubic bone biopsy was performed. The pathological diagnosis was metastatic adenocarcinoma from prostate cancer. Prostate and ascending colon cancers were clinically diagnosed as T2bN0M1b and T2N0M0, respectively. Laparoscopic colectomy was performed. Androgen deprivation therapy started immediately and the serum PSA level was maintained at0.2 ng/ml during the follow-up period. However, the CEA and CA19-9 were higher than the normal level 2 years after the surgery. In addition, the FDG-PET revealed abnormal uptake in the pubic bone. Thus, a pubic bone biopsy was performed again. The histological diagnosis was metastatic adenocarcinoma from the ascending colon cancer. Although the patient received combination chemotherapy, he died of colon cancer.

Ten years ago, a seventy-year-old female underwent extirpation of a left retroperitoneal tumor that was 58×36 mm in size. The pathological diagnosis was malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) at that time. The patients visited our hospital with the chief complaint of back pain at ten years after surgery. Computer tomography (CT) showed recurrent tumors at the pancreas and the left kidney. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed because of the possibility of pancreatic tumor. The pathological diagnosis was the recurrence of MPNST. The patient underwent extirpation of the recurrent tumors along with the pancreatic body and tail, transverse colon, spleen and left kidney. The definitive diagnosis was dedifferentiated liposarcoma with murine double minute 2 (MDM2) gene amplification and positive of p16Ink4 (p16). The previously resected tumor also revealed MDM2 gene amplification and positive of p16. Based on these results, our diagnosis in this case was recurrence of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. At 6 months after surgery, the patient had no local recurrence or distant metastases.