17,815 results on '"Seid A"'
Search Results
2. Assessment of impaired glomerular filtration rate and associated factors in South West Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
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Bisrat Fikadu Habtu, Gizachew Ayele, Habtamu Belay, Seid Abrar, Dereje Abebe, and Nigus Chekole
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Impaired eGFR ,CKD ,Magnitude ,Associated factor ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction Currently, kidney disease is an increasing major health problem worldwide. It is expected to be the 5th ranked cause of death by 2040. If it is early detected, further complication caused by kidney disease will be minimized. An assessment of impaired glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) has potential aids in early identification and treatment of kidney disease. However, in hospital practice instead of using eGFR, direct measurement of serum creatinine level is used for assessing renal function. Hence, this study is aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of impaired glomerular filtration rate among admitted patients in Wolkite University Specialized Teaching Hospital (WKUSTH). Objective To assess the magnitude and associated factors of impaired glomerular filtration rate in WKUSTH, Ethiopia 2023. Method Institutional based cross-sectional study with secondary data was conducted. 338 participants were selected by a convenient sampling technique. Epidata 3.1 version for data entry and SPSS version 20 for data analysis was used. Bivariate analysis was used to screen candidate variables for multivariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis a P-value
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- 2024
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3. Potential of volatile organic compounds in the management of insect pests and diseases of food legumes: a comprehensive review
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Leila Makhlouf, Karim El Fakhouri, Seid Ahmed Kemal, Ilyas Maafa, Issam Meftah Kadmiri, and Mustapha El Bouhssini
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food legumes ,volatile organic compounds ,microbial VOCs ,pest and disease management ,cropping systems ,crop breeding ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Cool season legumes (Faba bean, chickpea, lentil, pea, and grass pea) are important protein harvests for food and nutrition security in many countries. They play key roles in sustainable cereal production through their ecological benefits. However, diseases and pests attack continue to have a substantial impact on crop yield and quality. Although growers used different control options to manage these biotic stresses such as pesticide application, cultural practices, and resistant varieties, there is a pressing need for the development of new, more cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution to help farmers in facing the existing environmental issues. Recently, there is a growing interest among researchers in exploiting Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) for the elaboration of disease and pest control strategies in food legumes and other crops. These compounds have important functions in ecological relationships occurring between plants and their surrounding environment, as well as plants and others species, such as pests and pathogens. Due to their unique properties, VOCs can be employed in improving management alternatives for food legume diseases and pests. In this assessment, we investigated the role of VOCs in plant-pest and plant-pathogen interactions and their present applications in pest and diseases control strategies. We emphasized the ecological importance of employing plant VOCs in legume farming and crop breeding. Additionally, we highlighted the potential of microbial VOCs in facilitating microbe-microbe, microbe-plant and microbe-plant-pest interactions, along with their role in food legume protection.
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- 2024
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4. Determinants of Mortality of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study
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Melaku EE, Urgie BM, Dessie F, Seid A, Abebe Z, and Tefera AS
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intensive care unit ,icu mortality ,determinants of icu mortality ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Ermiyas Endewunet Melaku,1 Besufekad Mulugeta Urgie,1 Firmayie Dessie,1 Ali Seid,1 Zenebe Abebe,2 Aklile Semu Tefera3 1Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; 2Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; 3Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Ermiyas Endewunet Melaku, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, Tel +251912980319, Email ermydddm96@gmail.comBackground: The provision of intensive care services is advancing globally. However, in resource-limited settings, it is lagging far behind and intensive care unit mortality is still higher due to various reasons. This study aimed to assess determinants of mortality among medical patients admitted to the intensive care unit.Methods: A five-year facility-based retrospective Cohort Study was conducted. A total of 546 medical patients admitted to the intensive care unit from March 2017 to February 2022 were included. Document review using a structured questionnaire was implemented to collect data. Data entered into Epi Data were analyzed by STATA and summarized using frequency tables and graphs. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify determinants of mortality.Results: The overall mortality was 35.9%. Approximately half of the deaths were attributed to septic shock, congestive heart failure, severe community-acquired pneumonia, and stroke. The most common immediate cause of death was cardio-respiratory arrest. Source of admission, GCS level at admission, duration of ICU stay, treatment with inotropes, septic shock, and retroviral infection status were found to have a statistically significant association with ICU mortality.Conclusion and Recommendations: This study revealed a significantly higher mortality rate among patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Early identification and admission of patients to the intensive care unit are important factors that could decrease mortality. Patient selection is essential since some patients with a high likelihood of mortality might not benefit from intensive care unit admission in an area with high resource limitations.Keywords: intensive care unit, ICU mortality, determinants of ICU mortality
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- 2024
5. Determinants of Overweight Among Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Public Hospitals At Awusi Resu Zone of Afar Region: Unmatched Case–Control Study
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Kassaw H, Hussein K, Gebre A, Seid AA, and Ammie M
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overweight ,diabetes mellitus type 2 ,public hospitals ,Specialties of internal medicine ,RC581-951 - Abstract
Huzeyfa Kassaw,1 Kedir Hussein,2 Abel Gebre,3 Anwar Ali Seid,4 Mohammed Ammie5 1School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia; 2School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 3School of Public, College of Medicine and Health Science, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia; 4Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia; 5Zonal Carter Center Project Coordinator, Kemissie, Amhara Region, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Kedir Hussein, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, Email kedirhusen07@gmail.comBackground: Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality; affecting More than 415 million people.Objective: The primary aim of this study was to assess the determinants of being overweight among Type 2 Diabetic patients attending diabetic clinics of public Hospitals in the Awusi resu zone of Afar region, Northeast Ethiopia.Methods: A hospital-based unmatched case–control study design was conducted from May 5 to June 5/2021 by systematic random sampling 286 study participants were involved in the study (96 cases and 190 controls); Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the best model of factors leading to overweight. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used as a measure of association.Results: Those who have attended college and above have an AOR; of 10.30 CI: (4.16– 25.50) ten times higher odds of being overweight when compared to those unable/able to read. Only those who have a family history of diabetes AOR: 3.10 CI (1.04– 9.30) have three folds of being overweight when compared to their counterparts. Of those who use insulin for controlling blood glucose (AOR: 0.14 CI (0.03– 0.74) 96% at less likely to be overweight compared to those who use exercise.Conclusion and Recommendation: In this study, educational level, Family History, and type of blood glucose controlling mechanism were important predictors of overweight on T2DM. Moreover the diabetes patients were recommended to use insulin for controlling blood glucose.Keywords: overweight, diabetes mellitus type 2, public hospitals
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- 2024
6. Photographic grading to evaluate facial cleanliness and trachoma among children in Amhara region, Ethiopia.
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Ramoncito L Caleon, Fisseha Admassu, Solomon Aragie, Dagnachew Hailu, Adane Dagnew, Taye Zeru, Dionna M Wittberg, Isabel J B Thompson, Seid Abdu, Social Beyecha, Tibebe Birhanu, Habib Getachew, Banchalam Getnet, Endale Kabtu, Meskerem Shibiru, Solomon Tekew, Bilen Wondimteka, Thomas M Lietman, Scott D Nash, Matthew C Freeman, and Jeremy D Keenan
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundPromotion of facial cleanliness is recommended for the elimination of blinding trachoma, largely because of observational studies that have found an association between various measures of facial uncleanliness and trachoma. However, when a field grader assesses both facial cleanliness and trachoma, associations may be biased. Assessment of photographs of the face and conjunctiva by masked graders may provide a less biased estimate of the relationship between facial cleanliness and trachoma.MethodsFace photographs, conjunctival photographs, and conjunctival swabs were obtained on a random sample of 0-9-year-old children from each of 40 communities in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Face photographs were assessed for the presence of seven measures of an unclean face (i.e., wet nasal discharge, dry nasal discharge, wet ocular discharge, dry ocular discharge, food, dust/dirt, and flies) by three independent masked photo-graders. Conjunctival photographs were similarly graded in a masked fashion for signs of clinically active trachoma. Conjunctival swabs were processed for Chlamydia trachomatis DNA.ResultsOf 2073 children with complete data, 808 (39%) had evidence of clinically active trachoma, 150 (7%) had evidence of ocular chlamydia infection, and 2524 (91%) had at least one measure of an unclean face. Dry ocular discharge had the strongest association with clinically active trachoma (age- and sex-adjusted prevalence ratio [PR] 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.6) and ocular chlamydia infection (PR 1.9, 95%CI 1.3-2.9), although significant associations were observed between each of the measures of facial uncleanliness and trachoma.ConclusionsMasked assessment of face and conjunctival photographs confirmed prior observational studies that have noted associations between various measures of facial uncleanliness and trachoma. The causal relationship between facial uncleanliness and trachoma is unclear since many features used to measure facial cleanliness (e.g., ocular discharge, nasal discharge, and flies) could be consequences of antecedent ocular chlamydia infection.Trial registrationNCT02754583, clinicaltrials.gov.
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- 2024
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7. Advances in analytical techniques for assessing volatile organic compounds in pulse crops: a comprehensive review
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Leila Makhlouf, Karim El Fakhouri, Seid Ahmed Kemal, Abderrahim Aasfar, Issam Meftah Kadmiri, and Mustapha El Bouhssini
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volatile organic compounds ,pulses crops ,VOC extraction ,analytical techniques ,GC-MS ,real-time detection ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Pulse crops, including beans, peas, chickpeas, and lentils, are vital sources of protein, fiber, and essential nutrients worldwide. They serve not only as staple foods but also as key components of sustainable agricultural practices, contributing to soil fertility through nitrogen fixation and enhancing overall productivity. However, pulse crops face numerous abiotic and biotic stresses mainly insect pest attack and pathogen invasion, which pose significant threats to pulse crops, impacting both production and food security. To overcome these challenges, plants have evolved diverse defense mechanisms, including the emission of specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These volatiles play crucial roles in plant communication, protection, and real-time health status indication. Monitoring VOCs offers a promising approach for early detection of pest infestations or pathogen infections, enabling the grower to take early action and decide on the proper control measure to minimize losses. The identification of plant-emitted VOCs requires robust and sensitive analytical techniques such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, which are the mainly used techniques for in pulse crops studies. However, traditional methods have limitations, prompting the need for advanced, portable, and real-time detection alternatives, such as gas-sensing technologies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of VOC measuring methods, including extraction, separation, and analytical techniques, focusing on their application in pulse crops. Recent advancements in gas-sensing technologies are also discussed, highlighting their potential in enhancing crop protection and agricultural sustainability.
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- 2024
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8. Insights into the in-vitro Susceptibility and Drug–Drug Interaction Profiles Against Drug-Resistant and Susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates in Amhara, Ethiopia
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Seid A, Girma Y, Dereb E, Kassa M, Nureddin S, Abebe A, and Berhane N
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drug combination ,drug interaction ,mic ,mutations ,synergism ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Aynias Seid,1,2 Yilak Girma,3 Eseye Dereb,3 Meseret Kassa,3 Semira Nureddin,4 Ayenesh Abebe,3 Nega Berhane2 1Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Debre-Tabor University, Debre-Tabor, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 3TB Culture Laboratory, University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia; 4Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Woldia University, Woldia, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Aynias Seid, Email ayniasseid2@gmail.comBackground: In Ethiopia, tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem. The aim of the study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility level of drugs and drug interaction profiles against drug-resistant and susceptible M. tuberculosis clinical isolates. A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2023 and August 2023. GenoType MTBDRplus v.2.0 was facilitated in genetic mutation detection. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using resazurin microtitre assay (REMA), while fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) using resazurin drug combination microtitre assay (REDCA) for in vitro quantitative susceptibility and drug interaction prediction.Results: Among 32 clinical isolates, a total of 14 (43.8%) RIF, 20 (62.5%) INH, 2 (6.3%) EMB-related resistant and 14 (43.8%) MDR isolates were identified. Five of RIF-resistant isolates (55.6%) carrying rpoB common mutations at codon S450L were associated with high levels of RIF-resistance with MICs of ≥ 2μg/mL, whereas 100% of isolates harboring rpoB substitutions at codons D435V and H445Y were linked with moderate or low-level RIF-resistance in the MIC ranges from 0.5 to 1μg/mL. A proportion of 81.8% of isolates harboring katG S315T mutations were associated with high-level INH resistance (MIC ≥ 1μg/mL), while the 18.2% of isolates with S315T katG mutations and 100% of isolates with inhA C-15T mutations were linked to the low-level of INH resistance with MIC variability from 0.25 to 0.5μg/mL. Our results indicated that most FICIs of the dual drugs INH+RIF and INH+LEV combination for 9 (28.1%) and 4 (12.5%) INH-resistant isolates, respectively, were ≤ 0.5, whereas triple drugs INH+RIF+EMB, INH+RIF+LEV and INH+EMB+LEV combination for 6 (18.8%), 11 (34.4%) and 8 (25%) INH-resistant isolates were from 0.62 to 0.75, all showed synergistic effect.Conclusion: The study highlights that isolates with rpoB S450L and katG S315T substitutions were associated with high level of RIF and INH resistance. It is concluded that REDCA can quantitatively determine anti-mycobacterial synergy and that LEV being of potential use against INH-resistant isolates including MDR-TB when combined with RIF+INH and INH+EMB.Keywords: drug combination, drug interaction, MIC, mutations, synergism
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- 2024
9. Detecting the Frequency of c.5946delT Pathogenic Variant in the BRCA2 Gene and Associated Risk Factors Among Breast Cancer Patients Visiting Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital and University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital
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Berhane N, Chekol Z, and Seid A
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brca2 gene ,breast cancer ,pathogenic variant ,risk factors ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Nega Berhane,1 Zemene Chekol,1 Aynias Seid1,2 1Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Computational Science, Debre-Tabor University, Debre-Tabor, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Zemene Chekol, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia, Tel +251935853217, Email zemenechekol12@gmail.comBackground: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of death for women worldwide, and the problem is currently getting worse. In Ethiopia, it has become one of the most prevalent cancers, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The BRCA2 gene variant c.5946delT has been linked to a higher risk of developing breast cancer.Objective: The aim of the present study was to detect the presence of the c.5946delT pathogenic variant in the BRCA2 gene and associated risk factors among breast cancer patients visiting FHRH and UoGCSH.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2021 to October 2022. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 100 patients with breast cancer, and gDNA was extracted using the salting-out method as per the protocol provided in the manufacturer’s instructions. The BRCA2 gene c.5946delT variant was detected using the PCR-RFLP technique. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. P≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In this study, we discovered that 2% of breast cancer patients had a c.5946delT pathogenic variant of the BRCA2 gene. In addition, the results suggested that the c.5946delT pathogenic variant and age at diagnosis were significantly correlated. On the other hand, there was no significant association between inhabitance and family history for the c.5946delT variant.Conclusion: We have found out that breast cancer patients in the study area had the BRCA2 gene variant c.5946delT, which suggests that this pathogenic variant is linked to breast cancer. Hence, assessing gene alterations using the PCR technique is one of the most effective early diagnostic strategies for breast cancer that should be used in hospitals in order to lower mortality.Keywords: BRCA2 gene, breast cancer, pathogenic variant, risk factors
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- 2023
10. Characteristics of TB/HIV Co-Infection and Patterns of Multidrug-Resistance Tuberculosis in the Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia
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Seid A, Girma Y, Abebe A, Dereb E, Kassa M, and Berhane N
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drug resistance ,mdr-tb ,prevalence ,risk factors ,tb/hiv co-infection. ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Aynias Seid,1,2 Yilak Girma,3 Ayenesh Abebe,3 Eseye Dereb,3 Meseret Kassa,3 Nega Berhane2 1Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Debre-Tabor University, Debre-Tabor, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 3TB Culture Laboratory, University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Aynias Seid, Email ayniasseid2@gmail.comBackground: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has continued to be a serious public health threat and significantly challenges global TB control and prevention efforts, where the TB/HIV co-infection epidemic makes the situation much worse. The aim of the study was to determine the determinant factors associated with patterns of MDR-TB among pulmonary TB patients in the Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2022 to February 2023 in the Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia. Data on the participants’ socio-demographics and clinical characteristics were obtained using a pre-tested checklist. Phenotypic susceptibility testing to first-line anti-TB drugs was performed on 180 isolates by automated BD BACTEC MGIT 960 system. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association of risk factors with patterns of MDR-TB. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The overall proportion of TB with HIV co-infected cases was 19.8% (50/252). Culture positivity was confirmed in 203/252 (80.6%) of sputum samples. Among 168 isolates, the DST showed that 119 (70.8%) isolates were pan-susceptible to all first-line drugs and prevalence of any resistance to first-line drugs was 49,168 (29.2%). Among the resistant isolates, 28 (16.7%) were any mono-resistance and 12 (7.1%) were determined to be resistant to MDR-TB. TB with a previous TB treatment (aOR = 6.73, 95% CI: 1.78– 25.47, p = 0.005) and HIV co-infected (aOR = 0.252, 95% CI: 0.73– 0.875, p = 0.03) were significantly associated with MDR-TB.Conclusion: Higher prevalence of TB and MDR-TB was examined among TB patients in the study area. In the study, history of previous TB treatment was the strongest risk factor MDR-TB infection followed by TB with HIV co-infected cases. Therefore, there is a need of strengthening TB control and prevention programs to reduce the increase of TB incidence, further emergence and transmission of a public health threat of MDR-TB cases.Keywords: drug resistance, MDR-TB, prevalence, risk factors, TB/HIV co-infection
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- 2023
11. Fabrication of Reinforcement from Sisal Fiber and Its Application in Leather Goods
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Seid Ahmed, Million Ayele, and Ketema Alemu Babo
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Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Reinforcement materials are an essential component of leather goods. They provide support, structure, and protection to the leather and can be used to change its drape and handling. The nonbiodegradability of existing reinforcements in leather goods and the high cost of materials are major challenges. The objective of this study is to fabricate reinforcement materials from sisal fiber with a face-centered central composite design. The main factors involved in the experiment with their respective levels are polyvinyl alcohol in grams (30, 35, and 40), sisal fiber in grams (20, 22, and 24), and binder in milliliters (mL) (10, 15, and 20). The dependent variables studied are tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at the break of reinforcement material. The results of the experiment revealed that as the amount of fiber increased by 14%, the tensile strength of reinforcement material increased by 5%, and as the fiber loading increased by 16%, elongation at break decreased by 30%. However, as the fiber loading increased to 15%, the tear strength of the material decreased by 35%. Increasing the amount of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the reinforcement material by 50% increased elongation at the break by 15% and reduced the tear strength by 3% and the tensile strength by 10%. Varying the amount of binder did not affect the tensile and tear strength of the reinforcement material; however, it had a positive effect on the elongation of the material. The reinforcement material produced from sisal fiber has a comparable quality parameter to commercially available synthetic-based materials, and it could be used in leather goods production.
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- 2024
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12. Patterns of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Diagnosed Thyroid Nodules Among Clinically Suspected Patients in Northeast Ethiopia
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Ebrahim H, Tilahun M, Fiseha T, Debash H, Bisetegn H, Alemayehu E, Fiseha M, Ebrahim E, Shibabaw A, Seid A, Getacher Feleke D, and Mohammed O
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benign ,cytology ,fine needle aspiration ,malignant ,thyroid tumors ,thyroid gland ,thyroid nodules ,ultrasound ,ethiopia ,Pathology ,RB1-214 - Abstract
Hussen Ebrahim,1 Mihret Tilahun,1 Temesgen Fiseha,1 Habtu Debash,1 Habtye Bisetegn,1 Ermiyas Alemayehu,1 Mesfin Fiseha,1 Endris Ebrahim,1 Agumas Shibabaw,1 Abdurahaman Seid,1 Daniel Getacher Feleke,2 Ousman Mohammed1 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 2Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Hussen Ebrahim, Po.Box:1145, Tel +251921332772, Email husshosam@gmail.comBackground: Thyroid nodules are the most common thyroid disease and its incidence has been rising throughout the world. Thus, this study aimed to assess the patterns of fine needle aspiration cytology-diagnosed thyroid nodules among clinically suspected patients.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2021 to March 2022 using 424 study participants who were referred to undergo fine needle aspiration cytology examination and were consecutively included. Moreover, two FNAC smears were prepared and stained using Wright and Giemsa staining solutions and then examined by an experienced licensed pathologist. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association of socio-demographic and clinical variables with nodules. P-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: The overall magnitude of benign and malignant nodules was 60.4% and 16.5% respectively. Moreover, the magnitude of atypical of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) and follicular neoplasm or suspicious of follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) was 3.54% and 1.42% respectively. The magnitude of malignant thyroid nodules was 5.9% for malignant secondary adenocarcinoma, 3.5% for papillary thyroid carcinoma, 2.6% for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 2.4% for medullary thyroid carcinoma, 1.4% of an undifferentiated malignant thyroid tumor and 0.7% of Hodgkin lymphoma respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age categories between 0 and 15 years and between 16 and 30 years, and nodule size > 2.5cm were significantly associated with malignant thyroid nodules.Conclusion: The magnitude of benign and malignant tumors was 60.4% and 16.5% respectively. Being younger and having nodule size > 2.5cm were significantly associated with malignant thyroid nodules. Therefore, fine needle aspiration cytology examination has a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Keywords: benign, cytology, fine needle aspiration, malignant, thyroid tumors, thyroid gland, thyroid nodules, ultrasound, Ethiopia
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- 2023
13. Corrigendum: Biological characteristics, impacts, and management of crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) in faba bean (Vicia faba): a review
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Takele Negewo, Seid Ahmed, Taye Tessema, and Tamado Tana
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broomrape ,holoparasite ,infection ,infestation ,integrated management ,Agriculture ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Published
- 2023
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14. Biocontrol activity of Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas against Fusarium wilt of chickpea in Morocco
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Amine Elbouazaoui, Badreddine Sijilmassi, Ilyass Maafa, Douira Allal, and Seid Ahmed
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antagonism ,biocontrol ,fusarium oxysporum f.sp ciceris ,chickpea ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp ciceris is one of the major diseases impacting chickpea productivity. Significant losses are reported by farmers due to the absence of effective wilt management options. Biological control using beneficial microorganisms in agriculture, is one of the promising alternatives and eco-friendly strategies utilised to overcome this disease. The present study investigated the biocontrol effect of 40 bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy chickpea plants collected from major chickpea growing regions in Morocco. Twelve out of 40 strains showed more than 25% in vitro inhibition of the pathogen growth. These strains, using the 16S rDNA gene sequencing, were classified into three genera, namely Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Pseudomonas, represented by different species. Our finding showed that the mode of antagonism was mainly due to the production of diffusible and volatile compounds as well as lytic enzymes. Moreover, a greenhouse experiment of the three selected antagonistic strains showed a significant reduction in the mean of wilt incidence in different chickpea genotypes,StrainB18 reduced the wilt incidence in the susceptible variety from 90% to 18% Consequently, our antagonistic bacterial strains could be a potential component of integrated management of Fusarium wilt, therefore, increase the yield of chickpea.
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- 2022
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15. Survival rate and predictors of mortality among TB/HIV co-infected adult patients: retrospective cohort study
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Mesfin Esayas Lelisho, Teramaj Wongel Wotale, Seid Ali Tareke, Bizuwork Derebew Alemu, Sali Suleman Hassen, Daniel Melese Yemane, Birhanu Bedada Korsa, and Namso Geda Bedaso
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Nowadays, Tuberculosis remains the major cause of HIV-associated mortality, which accounts for 1 out of every 5 HIV-related mortality worldwide. This study aimed to determine the survival rate and predictors of mortality among TB/HIV co-infected patients. An institution-based retrospective cohort study was undertaken on adult TB/HIV co-infected individuals between 1st February 2014 and 30th January 2022 at Mettu Karl Referral Hospital. A Cox regression model was used to identify predictors of survival time to death among TB/HIV co-infected patients. This study comprised 402 TB and HIV co-infected adult patients. Among these, 84 (20.9%) died, and 318 (79.1%) were censored. The study subjects have been followed up for 6920 person-months with an overall median survival time of 17.6 months. The overall incidence rate was 12.1 per 1000 person months [95% CI: 9.77–14.98]. The results of a multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that being at an older age, urban residence, WHO clinical stage II & IV, CD4 count of ≥ 200 cells/mm3, bedridden functional status, using INH, and using CPT were associated with the survival time of TB and HIV co-infected patients at a significance level of alpha = 0.05. This retrospective study found that high mortality of TB/HIV co-infected patients occurred in the earlier months of treatment initiation. Close monitoring of patients with low CD4, who do not utilize CPT, who are in advanced WHO stages, and who have poor functional levels can help them improve their health and live longer.
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- 2022
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16. Knowledge, Practice and Associated Factors of Health Care Workers on Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in South Wollo Zone Public Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia
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Mohammed O, Gedamu S, Birrie E, Seid A, Dires A, and Goshiye D
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knowledge ,practice ,associated factors ,catheter associated urinary tract infection ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Osman Mohammed,1 Sisay Gedamu,2 Endalk Birrie,3 Ali Seid,4 Abebe Dires,2 Debrnesh Goshiye3 1Firdews Medium Clinic, Haik Town, Ethiopia; 2Department of Comprehensive Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 3Department of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 4Dessie Health Science College, Dessie, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Sisay Gedamu, Tel +251935574801, Email sgsisay4@gmail.comIntroduction: Health care providers are responsible for inserting and maintaining urinary catheters. Hence, it is very important that health care professionals need to be skillful and knowledgeable to prevent urinary tract infection for those patients undergoing indwelling catheter. Thus, this study aimed to assess knowledge, practice and associated factors of health care workers on prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in South Wollo zone public hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed by using a simple random sampling technique among 413 health care workers. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.6 and were exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Bivariable logistic regression analyses were performed, and variables with P-value less than 0.25 were fitted to multivariable logistic regression. In multivariable regression analysis, variables having p-value < 0.05 were declared as significant factors for outcome variable.Results: Out of the total 413 health care workers, 298 (72.2%) had adequate knowledge and 233 (56.4%) had adequate level of practice towards catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention. Received training [AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.404– 3.889] and being bachelor degree holder [AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.084– 3.359] were significantly associated with adequate knowledge. On the other hand, being master and doctor [AOR = 4.71, 95% CI: 1.768– 12.56], adequate level of knowledge [AOR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.785– 4.723], received training [AOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.315– 3.338] and work experience ≥ 20 years [AOR = 5.82, 95% CI: 1.497– 22.69] were significantly associated with adequate level of practice.Conclusion: A substantial proportion of health care workers had inadequate knowledge and practice towards catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention. Therefore, health care workers should strictly follow infection prevention guidelines and should update their knowledge and practice by taking short and long term training.Keywords: knowledge, practice, associated factors, catheter-associated urinary tract infection
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- 2022
17. Willingness to Receive COVID-19 Vaccination Among Adult Diabetes Patients in Woldia Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North Ethiopia; A Cross-Sectional Study
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Mesele H, Shiferaw M, Tunta A, Seid A, and Kassahun W
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covid-19 ,diabetes ,willingness ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Habtamu Mesele,1 Mulu Shiferaw,2 Abayneh Tunta,2 Addisie Seid,1 Woldeteklehymanot Kassahun3 1Woldia Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Woldia, Ethiopia; 2Biomedical Unit, School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia; 3Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Mulu Shiferaw, Biomedical Unit, School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, PO Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia, Email mulushi9804@gmail.comBackground: According to recently published data, individuals infected with COVID-19 having concomitant diabetes may experience disease worsening or even death. The purpose of this study was to determine diabetes patients’ willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine as well as its magnitude and determinants.Methods: Three hundred eighty six diabetes patients who visited Woldia Comprehensive Specialized Hospital during February and March 2022 participated in this institution-based cross-sectional study. Descriptive statistics were used to demonstrate frequencies and percentages, while logistic regression was used to identify the relevant determinants of vaccination readiness. Age, gender, income, place of residence, COVID-19 exposure, length of diabetes, awareness of and attitudes toward the COVID-19 immunization were all evaluated as associated factors.Results: Out of 386 study participants, 268 (69.43%) were male and 146 (37.82) completed their secondary schooling. From 386 study participants 82.6% (95% CI; 78.5– 86.3%) were willing to get vaccinated. The uptake of the COVID-19 vaccination among diabetes patients was independently influenced by sex (Adjusted Odd Ratio [AOR] = 6.84 (2.98, 15.68)), exposure to the illness (AOR 8.98 (3.22, 25.04)), attitude (AOR = 2.63 (1.2, 5.77)), and length of the disease (AOR = 0.62 (0.51, 0.76)).Conclusion: Most of the study participants were willing to get the COVID-19 immunization. The relevant agency should make the immunization available in order to enhance disease control and reduce infection-related complications with special consideration of diabetes patients.Keywords: COVID-19, diabetes, willingness
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- 2022
18. High Prevalence of Asymptomatic Nasopharyngeal Carriage Rate and Multidrug Resistance Pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae Among Pre-School Children in North Showa Ethiopia
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Tilahun M, Fiseha M, Ebrahim E, Ali S, Belete MA, Seid A, Demsiss W, Gedefie A, Tadesse S, and Belayhun C
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streptococcus pneumoniae ,nasopharyngeal carriage ,antimicrobial susceptibility ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Mihret Tilahun,1 Mesfin Fiseha,1 Endris Ebrahim,1 Seada Ali,1 Melaku Ashagrie Belete,1 Abdurahaman Seid,1 Wondmagegn Demsiss,1 Alemu Gedefie,1 Selamyhun Tadesse,2 Chernet Belayhun3 1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia; 3Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Mehal Meda Hospital, Mehal Meda, North Showa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Mihret Tilahun, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, 1145, Ethiopia, Tel +251- 913867849, Email tilahunmihret21@gmail.comBackground: Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is still the world’s most serious public health problem among children under the age of five. Nasopharyngeal carriage rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been identified as an important risk factor for the acquisition of community acquired respiratory tract infection. To date, little is known about the nasopharyngeal infection and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae among preschool children in Ethiopia.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae among preschool children.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2021 to April 2022. A total of 418 preschool children were enrolled using a multistage sampling technique. Nasopharyngeal swab was collected and transported to Medical Microbiology Laboratory at Debre Berhan comprehensive specialized hospital using skim-milk tryptone glucose glycerol transport media. The swab was inoculated on blood agar plates supplemented with 5μg/mL gentamycin and incubated at 37°C for 24– 48 hours under 5% CO2 using a candle jar. Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae was performed using Gram stain, catalase test, optochin test and bile solubility test. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were done using a modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Data were entered into the statistical package Epi data 4.0.0.6 and transferred to and analyzed using SPSS software version-23. A P-value ≤ 0.05 with 95% CI was considered to be statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage was 29.9% (125/418). The overall rate of multidrug resistance was 86 (68.8%), with tetracycline (68.8%) and TMP-SMX (68%). Among risk factors, young age and passive smoking were associated with pneumococcal carriage.Conclusion: The present study revealed a substantially lower prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage. High antimicrobial resistance was observed for most antimicrobial drugs tested. Younger age groups and passive smokers were at risk of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage.Keywords: Streptococcus pneumoniae, nasopharyngeal carriage, antimicrobial susceptibility
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- 2022
19. Research for development approaches in mixed crop-livestock systems of the Ethiopian highlands
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Kindu Mekonnen, Peter Thorne, Million Gebreyes, James Hammond, Melkamu Bezabih, Seid Ahmed Kemal, Lulseged Tamene, Getachew Agegnehu, Rabe Yahaya, Aster Gebrekirstos, Minh Thai, Kalpana Sharma, Aberra Adie, and Anthony Whitbread
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action research ,systems thinking ,innovations ,partnership ,scaling ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
This study presents processes and success stories that emerged from Africa RISING's Research for Development project in the Ethiopian Highlands. The project has tested a combination of participatory tools at multiple levels, with systems thinking and concern for sustainable and diversified livelihoods. Bottom-up approaches guided the selection of technological interventions that could address the priority farming system challenges of the communities, leading to higher uptake levels and increased impact. Joint learning, appropriate technology selection, and the creation of an enabling environment such as the formation of farmer research groups, the establishment of innovation platforms, and capacity development for institutional and technical innovations were key to this study. The study concludes by identifying key lessons that focus more on matching innovations to community needs and geographies, systems orientation/integration of innovations, stepwise approaches to enhance the adoption of innovations, documenting farmers' capacity to modify innovations, building successful partnerships, and facilitating wider scaling of innovations for future implementation of agricultural research for development projects.
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- 2023
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20. Post-operative pulmonary complications after thoracic and upper abdominal procedures at referral hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a multi-center study
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Biruk Adie Admass, Birhanu Yilma Ego, Hailu Yimer Tawye, and Seid Adem Ahmed
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pulmonary complication ,thoracic surgery ,upper abdominal surgery ,respiratory failure ,anesthetics ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
BackgroundThoraco-abdominal surgery cuts through muscle, disrupting the normal structure and function of the respiratory muscles, resulting in lower lung volumes and a higher risk of developing post-operative pulmonary complications (PPC). PPC remains an important cause of post-operative morbidity and mortality and impacts the long-term outcomes of patients after hospital discharge. This study was aimed at determining the incidence and factors associated with postoperative pulmonary complications among patients who underwent thoracic and upper abdominal surgery in the Amhara region of Ethiopia.MethodsA multi-center follow-up study was conducted from April 1, 2022, to June 30, 2022, at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Amhara regional state, northwest Ethiopia. 424 patients were consecutively included in this study, with a response rate of 100%. A chart review and patient interview were used to collect data. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the strength of the association of independent variables with postoperative pulmonary complications.The crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval were computed. Variables with a p-value of 2 h, patients with a nasogastric tube, intraoperative blood loss >500 ml and post-operative albumin
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- 2023
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21. A Case Report of Belly Dancer Dyskinesia in a 54 Years Old Female: Gastroenterology Meets Neurology
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Bane A, Seid AS, Ejeta A, and Gorfu ZT
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africa ,ethiopia ,rare ,movement disorder ,diaphragmatic flutter ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abate Bane,1,2 Amir Sultan Seid,1,2 Abdisa Ejeta,1 Zebeaman Tibebu Gorfu1 1Department of Internal Medicine, Adera Medical Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Abate Bane, Tel +251-911-404-134, Email abatebanes@gmail.comAbstract: Dyskinesia limited only to the axial musculature is very rare, and if it is localized to the anterior abdominal wall, it is called belly dancer’s dyskinesia. Despite reports of variable clinical characteristics, a common feature is a myriad of involuntary, repetitive, sometimes painful, and often rhythmic movements of the anterior abdominal wall, with the majority being bilateral, resembling that of a belly dancer. As the symptom is mainly localized to the abdomen, patients could visit a gastroenterology service thinking it might be associated with underlying visceral pathology. Since the first report in 1990, only a few cases of belly dancer dyskinesia have been reported over the years. We herein report the case of a 54 years old female who presented to our OPD with a recurrent painless writhing movement of the abdomen, diagnosed as belly dancer dyskinesia and successfully treated with chlordiazepoxide.Keywords: Africa, Ethiopia, rare, movement disorder, diaphragmatic flutter
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- 2022
22. Antibody waning after immunosuppressive chemotherapy and immunomodulators, re-immunization considerations in pediatric patients with malignancy and chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
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Babak Abdolkarimi, Ali Amanati, Hossein Molavi Vardanjani, Safura Jamshidi, and Seid Amir Pasha Tabaeian
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Catchup immunization ,Hepatitis B virus ,Diphtheria ,Tetanus ,Mumps ,Measles ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction Immunosuppressive chemotherapy increase the risk of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases in children; nevertheless, chemotherapy may result in delay or miss updated immunization schedules. The predictable antibody waning after incomplete primary immunization series may be intensified at the end of chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate post-chemotherapy vaccine immunity waning at the end of immunosuppressive therapy in children with malignancy and hematologic disorders. Materials and methods Children with malignancies and hematologic disorders including chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) younger than 18 years old were enrolled from September 2015 to August 2019. Eligible patients who completed their treatment protocol for at least 6 months were recruited. The patient information, including sex, age at the date of diagnosis, number of chemotherapy sessions, underlying disease, and vaccination history, was taken by chart review using predefined questionnaires. The patient’s blood samples were obtained, and serum IgG antibody titer checked against diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), mumps, measles, and rubella (MMR) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results 110 children receiving immunosuppressive chemotherapy were recruited. Forty-four (40%) of the children tested were girls and 66 (60%) were boys. The mean age of patients was 5.5 years with a range of 2 to 13 years. Of 110 studied children, 27.3% were seronegative for all antibodies. On average, patients undergo 19 episodes of chemotherapy. The mean chemotherapy sessions were significantly greater in children who were seronegative for all tested antibodies (mean: 36.2, 95% CI 33.16 to 39.24, p-value
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- 2022
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23. Prevalence and factors associated with thirst among postsurgical patients at University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital. Institution-based cross-sectional study
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Kumlachew Geta Belete, Henos Enyew Ashagrie, Misganaw Mengie Workie, and Seid Adem Ahmed
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Perioperative thirst ,Post-operative care ,Post-operative dehydration ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction Thirst is a powerfully distressing sensation that occurs most frequently in the immediate postoperative period. Postoperative thirst is prevalent, the moderate-to-severe type is estimated to affect 53.2–69.8% of patients and causes significant patient discomfort. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, and factors associated with postoperative thirst among surgical patients in PACU at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from April 20 to June 27, 2021. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A total of 424 participants were included in the study. Statistical analysis had performed using SPSS 26.00 version statistical software. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the association between the prevalence of postoperative thirst and independent variables and only variables with p-value
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- 2022
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24. Immuno-Haematological Abnormalities of HIV-Infected Patients Before and After Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Antiretroviral Therapy Clinics of Six Health Facilities at Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia
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Tilahun M, Gedefie A, Ebrahim E, Seid A, Ali A, Shibabaw A, Belete MA, Fiseha M, Tesfaye M, Ebrahim H, and Abera A
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hiv ,anemia ,leukopenia ,thrombocytopenia ,haart ,Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,RC633-647.5 - Abstract
Mihret Tilahun,1 Alemu Gedefie,1 Endris Ebrahim,1 Abdurahaman Seid,1 Abdurrahman Ali,1 Agumas Shibabaw,1 Melaku Ashagrie Belete,1 Mesfin Fiseha,1 Melkam Tesfaye,1 Hussen Ebrahim,1 Admasu Abera2 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Birhan health Science college, North Showa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Mihret Tilahun, Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Po.Box: 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia, Tel +251-920988307, Fax +251 333115250, Email tilahunmihret21@gmail.comBackground: In people living with the human immunodeficiency virus, haematological abnormalities have been linked to an increased risk of disease progression and mortality. Hematological parameters may have a positive or negative impact on antiretroviral therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the immuno-haematological abnormalities of HIV-infected patients before and after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the antiretroviral therapy clinics of six health facilities in Dessie, Northeast Ethiopia.Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 30, 2021, at the antiretroviral therapy clinics of six health facilities in Dessie Town. A total of 378 HIV-infected patients taking highly active antiretroviral treatment for at least 6 months by using a consecutive sampling technique were included. A well-organized questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical information. Immune-haematological parameters were tested using a Mindray BS-300 hematology analyzer and a BD FACS count CD4 analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 statistical software. Statistical significance was defined as a P-value of 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval.Results: Leukopenia was found in 26.7% and 16.5%, neutropenia in 16.5% and 9.4%, lymphopenia in 20% and 3.1%, and thrombocytopenia in 25.9% and 7.1% of HIV patients before and after HAART initiation, respectively. There was a significant difference in total white blood cell, absolute neutrophil, red blood cell, hemoglobin value, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width, platelet and CD4+ T cell counts in HIV patients before and after the initiation of HAART with P < 0.05.Conclusion and Recommendation: Anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia were the most common haematological abnormalities found in this study before and after HAART initiation. The prevalence of thrombocytopenia, immunosuppression, and viral load was reduced considerably after starting HAART.Keywords: HIV, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, HAART
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- 2022
25. Drug and Therapeutics Committee (DTC) evolvement and expanded scope in Ethiopia [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
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Dinkineh Bikila, Zinabie Feleke, Seid Ali, Alebel Yaregal, Audrey Battu, Amsalu Demisie, Regasa Bayisa, Felix Lam, Salem Fisseha, Habtamu Seyoum, and Yigeremu Abebe
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DTC ,Establishment ,Functionality ,eng ,Medicine - Abstract
As a key partner of Ministry of Health (MOH) Ethiopia, The Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI) had been implementing the Child Survival Project (CSP) since October 2015. Strengthening DTC was one of its focuses to improve overall supply chain management (SCM). The objective of this study are to review the evolution of DTCs in Ethiopia from their early years to current practice and identify the major driving and hindering factors for their functionality. A descriptive mixed study design was employed. The study made use of qualitative data supplemented with quantitative data, generated from both primary and secondary sources through key informant interviews and desk review methods. DTCs were introduced in Ethiopia in the early 1980s. The mandate of DTCs has been given to four different government organizations during that time. As a result, due to a lack of coordination among these organizations, its implementation was lagging. Recently, the government and its partners have given attention to DTCs. More than 5847 professionals underwent DTC training from 2016 onwards. DTC establishment in health facilities improved from 85% to 98% between 2015 and 2019 during baseline and end-line assessments carried out by CHAI/CSP. Similarly, DTC functionality in HFs improved from 20% to 63%. The CHAI/CSP regular supervision data analysis revealed that DTC establishment improved from 83% to 100% of HFs, while its functionality improved from 5% to 72% between 2016 and 2019, respectively. A chi-square test of independence examining the relationship between facility and pharmacy head training on DTCs and functionality of DTC in the same facility revealed a significant association between the two variables at p
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- 2023
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26. Healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitude and its associated factors toward electronic personal health record system in a resource-limited setting: A cross-sectional study
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Sisay Maru Wubante, Masresha Derese Tegegne, Mequannent Sharew Melaku, Nebyu Demeke Mengiste, Ashenafi Fentahun, Wondosen Zemene, Makida Fikadie, Basazinew Musie, Derso Keleb, Habtemaryam Bewoketu, Seid Adem, Simegne Esubalew, Yohannes Mihretie, Tigist Andargie Ferede, and Agmasie Damtew Walle
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health professionals ,factors ,electronics personal health record system ,knowledge ,attitude ,Ethiopia ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
IntroductionElectronic personal health record (e-PHR) system enables individuals to access their health information and manage it themselves. It helps patient engagement management of health information that is accessed and shared with their healthcare providers using the platform. This improves individual healthcare through the exchange of health information between patients and healthcare providers. However, less is known about e-PHRs among healthcare professionals.ObjectiveTherefore, this study aimed to assess Health professionals' Knowledge and attitude and its associated factors toward e-PHR at the teaching hospital in northwest Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study design was used to determine healthcare professionals' knowledge and attitude and their associated factors toward e-PHR systems in teaching hospitals of Amhara regional state, Ethiopia, from 20 July to 20 August 2022. Pretested structured self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistic was computed based on sociodemographic and other variables presented in the form of table graphs and texts. Bivariable and multivariable logistic analyses were performed with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% CI to identify predictor variables.ResultOf the total study participants, 57% were males and nearly half of the respondents had a bachelor's degree. Out of 402 participants, ~65.7% [61–70%] and 55.5% [50–60%] had good knowledge and favorable attitude toward e-PHR systems, respectively. Having a social media account 4.3 [AOR = 4.3, 95% CI (2.3–7.9)], having a smartphone 4.4 [AOR = 4.4, 95% CI (2.2–8.6)], digital literacy 8.8 [(AOR = 8.8, 95% CI (4.6–15.9)], being male 2.7 [AOR = 2.7, 95% CI (1.4–5.0)], and perceived usefulness 4.5 [(AOR = 4.5, 95% CI (2.5–8.5)] were positively associated with knowledge toward e-PHR systems. Similarly, having a personal computer 1.9 [AOR = 1.9, 95% CI (1.1–3.5)], computer training 3.9 [AOR = 3.9, 95% CI (1.8–8.3)], computer skill 19.8 [AOR = 19.8, 95% CI (10.7–36.9)], and Internet access 6.0 [AOR = 6.0, 95% CI (3.0–12.0)] were predictors for attitude toward e-PHR systems.ConclusionThe findings from the study showed that healthcare professionals have good knowledge and a favorable attitude toward e-PHRs. Providing comprehensive basic computer training to improve healthcare professionals' expectation on the usefulness of e-PHR systems has a paramount contribution to the advancement of their knowledge and attitude toward successfully implementing e-PHRs.
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- 2023
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27. The need for a tailored national dementia plan in Ethiopia: A call for action
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Biniyam A. Ayele, Seid Ali, Mohammed Anbessie, Yared Z. Zewde, Selam Yoseph, Suzee Lee, Victor Valcour, and Bruce Miller
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dementia ,non-communicable diseases (NCD) ,policy ,strategies ,Ethiopia ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Globally, a rapid demographic transition is occurring with a significant increment in the proportion of older individuals. For the first time in history, individuals aged 65 and above outnumber that of children under 5 years of age. In Ethiopia, the life expectancy has shown dramatic improvements in the past few decades and is expected to reach 74 years by mid-century. Older age is considered the most important non-modifiable risk factor for dementia. Likewise, other modifiable diseases such as infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, and traumatic brain injuries are associated with dementia. Despite, the high prevalence of dementia risk factors and impending economic and health impact from dementia, no country in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), including Ethiopia, has developed a standalone or an integrated national dementia strategic plan to guide the overall effort to improve dementia care in the country. It is vital to design and develop a national dementia plan in line with a framework outlined by the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) global action plan. The health, social, and economic burden from dementia is expected to be high to the developing countries such as Ethiopia unless clear prevention and management strategies are designed at a national level to cascade the care to the primary care level. The planned strategic policy may focus on improving the knowledge and skills of health care professionals. Translation and cultural adaptation of cognitive, functional, and behavioral assessment batteries is of paramount importance in improving the diagnostic accuracy along with availability of advanced imaging, biomarkers, and dementia treatment.
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- 2023
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28. Depressive symptoms among residents of south Wollo zone in Northern Ethiopia after the liberation of invasion of TPLF led force
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Seid Ali Tareke, Mesfin Esayas Lelisho, Abdu Hailu Shibeshi, Mohamednur Qadire Muze, Yasin Negash Jabir, Kibrealem Sisay Wolde, Fikadu Zawdie Chere, Ebrahim Chaine Gidelew, Shukure Uomer Salo, and Husien Adem Argaw
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Depressive symptoms ,TPLF-Led force invasion ,Mental health ,South Wollo ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Background: Depressive symptom is the most widely reported mental health consequence of natural or man-made disasters and traumatic events. Research on depressive symptoms in low-income nations is still scarce, although it can be a public health burden in post-conflict situations. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and contributing factors of depressive symptoms among people of south Wollo zones following liberation from TPLF-led army invasions. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on South Wollo zone residents after the liberation of invasions of the TPLF-led force, from May 1st to June 1st, 2022. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from residents chosen using a simple random sampling technique. This study used both descriptive and inferential analysis. To investigate the relationship between response and predictor variables, the chi-squared test of association was performed. The logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of depressive symptoms among residents. Results: The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms among residents was 51.0% [95% C.I: 48.01, 53.99]. Being female [AOR = 1.428, 95% C.I: 1.044–1.955], being an alcohol consumer [AOR = 2.051, 95% C.I: 1.349–3.119], chewing Khat [AOR = 4.617, 95% C.I: 2.873–7.418], history of mental illness [AOR = 4.316, 95% C.I: 1.263–14.751], destruction of personal property [AOR = 2.909, 95% C.I: 2.028–4.175], lacked basic needs such as food and water [AOR = 2.738, 95% C.I: 1.922–3.900], and illness without medical care [AOR = 2.369, 95% C.I: 1.684–3.331] were all found to be statistically significant at the 5% level of significance in a multivariable binary logistic regression. Conclusions: The main finding of this study discovered that residents had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms following liberation from TPLF-led army invasions. Being an alcoholic, chewing Khat, having a previous history of mental illness, destruction of personal property, lack of food or water, and illness without medical care were associated with an increased risk of developing depressive symptoms. Interventions based on influencing factors should be performed to ensure residents' mental health.
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- 2023
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29. Evaluation of Direct and Alternating Current Electrochemical Process using Aluminum and Zinc Electrodes in the Nitrate Removal from Aqueous Solutions
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Hossein Masoumbeigi, Foad Gholami, Seid ali Yahyapor, and Ghader Ghanizafeh
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aqueous solutions ,direct and alternating current ,electrical coagulation ,nitrate removal ,water treatment ,Medicine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Introduction and purpose: Nitrate is one of the most important pollutants in surface and groundwater. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different parameters on the performance of the electrical coagulation process in the removal of nitrate from contaminated water. Methods: This study was conducted based on an experimental design and the statistical community was urban water. A cylindrical batch reactor with aluminum and zinc electrodes (monopolar arrangement) was used to remove 100 mg/L nitrates. The experiments were performed three times in direct and alternating currents using standard methods. Factors of pH, contact time, and weight of electrodes were evaluated, and the results were reported in tables and graphs. Results: Nitrate removal efficiency (87.4%) was higher in direct current, as compared to that in alternating current (39.1%). The highest nitrate removal efficiency of 87.4% was obtained in direct current, in comparison with 61% for alternating current. As the contact time increased, the pH of the solution increased in two currents, from 7 to 11.21 and 8.47, respectively. Total dissolved solids (TDS) at optimal conditions in alternating and direct current were 79 and 126 mg/L, respectively. After 30 min of settling, the produced sludge was measured as 17.66 and 280 mL/L in direct and alternating current, respectively. The weight of the anode electrode had the greatest decrease in direct current. Conclusion: The results of this study pointed out that the process of electrical coagulation could reduce the concentration of nitrate to less than the standard. Nitrate removal with the direct current was performed with less energy consumption and cost than alternating current. As a result, the use of optimal conditions increases the process efficiency in the electrochemical removal of nitrate.
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- 2022
30. The effect of aerobic exercise with ozone and stem cell on anandamide concentration in desert rat with osteoarthritis
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Maryam Rezaei, Mohamadali Azarbayjani, Maghsoud Piree, and Seid Ali Hosseini
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aerobic exercise ,stem cell ,ozone therapy ,osteoarthritis ,anandamide ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background: Aerobic exercise, ozone therapy and cell therapy have each been independently proposed as treatments for osteoarthritis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with ozone and cell therapy on serum levels of anandamide concentration in osteoarthritis rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-five male rats were randomly divided into 9 groups, including 1 group: healthy control, 2-patient control, 3-exercise, 4-ozone therapy, 5-cell therapy, 6-exercise+ozone therapy, 7-exercise+cell therapy, 8-ozone+cell therapy and 9- ozone+cell therapy+exercise. Cell groups alone and combination cell therapy received 1×10 6 cells/kg, and ozone groups alone and ozone combination therapies received 20μg/ml of ozone in 3 replications before exercise. The training program consisted of running on a treadmill at a speed of 16 meters per minute for 8 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session, serum levels of anandamide were measured by Elisa. Results: Findings showed that the serum level of anandamide in the osteoarthritis patient group was significantly reduced compared to the healthy group that exercise and ozone therapy led to a significant increase in the serum anandamide level; but cell therapy could not have a significant effect on increasing serum levels of anandamide. The peak of this increase was seen in ozone+cell therapy and the interaction of all three interventions simultaneously. Conclusion: Although aerobic exercise and ozone therapy each independently have a positive effect on anandamide in people with osteoarthritis, but the interaction of all three interventions simultaneously with ozone+cell therapy is more effective.
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- 2022
31. Comparison of clinical efficacy of antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, and thyroidectomy for treatment of patients with graves' disease, toxic thyroid adenoma, and toxic multinodular goiter
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Rashed Bawand, Shiva Borzouei, Seid Ahmadreza Salimbahrami, and Vida Sheikh
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graves' disease ,methimazole and propylthiouracil ,primary hyperthyroidism ,radioactive iodine ,surgery ,thyrotoxicosis ,toxic multinodular goiter ,toxic thyroid adenoma ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Background: The thyroid gland plays an important role in regulating the body's metabolism. On the other hand, primary hyperthyroidism is one of the most common disorders of the endocrine system. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the differences between outcomes of drug therapy with Methimazole & Propylthiouracil (PTU), radioactive Iodine therapy, and surgical procedures as the three most common therapeutic options for primary hyperthyroidism- in patients with Graves' disease, toxic thyroid adenoma, and Toxic Multi Nodular Goiter (TMNG). Methods: This observational study was performed prospectively, and after applying the exclusion criteria, 316 patients with a definite diagnosis of TNMG, toxic adenoma, or Graves' disease, remained in the study. For each patient, one of the therapeutic methods of administration of anti-thyroid drugs, the use of radioactive Iodine, or the use of thyroid surgery was chosen and applied, and during the study period, all patients were followed and evaluated. Results: In this study, 316 patients with primary hyperthyroidism were evaluated, of which 238 (75.31%) patients had Graves' disease, 23 (7.27%) patients had toxic adenoma, and 55 (17.40%) patients had TNMG. The symptoms of thyrotoxicosis syndrome were more common in Graves' disease than in other groups. In this study, 63.82% of drug takers, 20.90% of radioactive Iodine receivers, and 5.26% of patients who had gone under surgery became euthyroid. In addition, 83.27% of drug consumers did not have any side effects. Most patients receiving radioactive Iodine and surgical procedures developed hypothyroidism after treatment, while only 1.70% of those taking anti-thyroid drugs developed this complication. Nevertheless, the failure rate in the drug therapy was highest among all three methods by a percentage of 34.47%. Conclusion: This study suggests a prominent role of drug therapy in the treatment of patients with Graves' disease and TMNG, and in contrast, reduces the role of radioactive Iodine in the treatment of these diseases. However, it is difficult to comment on the treatment of toxic thyroid adenoma based on the findings of this study.
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- 2022
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32. Electrodiagnostic referrals and neuromuscular disease pattern in East Africa: Experience from a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia
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Yared Z. Zewde, Biniyam A. Ayele, Hanna D. Belay, Dereje M. Oda, Meron A. G/Wolde, Yohannes D. Gelan, Fikru T. Kelemu, Seid A. Gugssa, and Abenet T. Mengesha
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Electrodiagnosis ,Neuromuscular disorders ,Nerve conduction study ,Electromyography ,Motor axon polyneuropathy ,Ethiopia ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Objective: We present a retrospective cross-sectional review of the electrodiagnostic (EDX) referral and diagnostic patterns in patients with suspected neuromuscular conditions at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia. Methods: Between 2016 and 2019, 313 patients were evaluated at the EDX lab in Tikur Anbessa Specialised Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In our patients, nerve conduction study and when appropriate needle electromyography was done. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from a digital registry. Results: Polyneuropathy (19.8%), carpal tunnel syndrome (12.1%), and lumbosacral radiculopathy (9.9 %) were the top three reasons for EDX referral in Ethiopia. Among them, polyneuropathy was the most frequent electrodiagnosis, where diffuse axonal and demyelinating subtypes accounted for 54% and 18.8%, respectively. Guillain-Barre syndrome was suspected in 18 patients and 15 had EDX confirmed motor axon polyneuropathy while three patients had demyelinating variant. Although a quarter (26.2%) of the referrals had a normal EDX, abnormal test results were significantly associated with weakness (95% CI: 3.29–7.04, p
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- 2022
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33. Prevalence and associated factors of insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown among Mettu town residents.
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Mesfin Esayas Lelisho, Teramaj Wongel Wotale, and Seid Ali Tareke
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundInsomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder that affects people all over the world. Creating suitable interventions will require a better understanding of the magnitude and determinants of insomnia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of insomnia symptoms among residents of Mettu town during the pandemic lockdown.MethodologyA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among residents of Mettu town from October 1st to October 15th, 2020. Residents who lived in Mettu town at least for six months were included. To determine the prevalence and determinants of insomnia symptoms, both descriptive and inferential analyses were used. The chi-squared test of association and logistic regression was used to identify predictors of insomnia symptoms among residents of Mettu town. We used SPSS version 25 for all statistical analyses.Principal findingsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among residents of Mettu town was 52.6%. According to results of multivariable binary logistic regression, being female [AOR = 3.677, 95%CI: 2.124-6.365], being aged between 19 and 40 [AOR = 13.261, 95%CI: 6.953-25.291], being aged above 41 [AOR = 2.627, 95%CI: 1.120-6.159], smoking [AOR = 15.539, 95%CI: 7.961-30.329], satisfaction with information available [AOR = 0.310, 95%CI: 0.168-0.570], fear Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), [AOR = 2.171, 95%CI: 1.262-3.733], feeling alienated from others [AOR = 3.288, 95%CI: 1.897-5.699], having somatic symptoms [AOR = 2.298, 95% CI: 1.360-3.884], having depressive symptoms [AOR = 1.841, 95% CI: 1.073-3.160], and experiencing psychological distress [AOR = 1.962, 95% CI: 1.173-3.281] were significantly associated with insomnia symptoms.ConclusionIn this study, the prevalence of insomnia symptoms was found to be high among residents of Mettu town. Being female, being aged between 19 and 40, being aged above 41 years, smoking, fear of Corona Virus Disease 2019, feeling alienated from others, having somatic symptoms, having depressive symptoms, and experiencing psychological distress were all associated with an increased risk of developing insomnia symptoms while being satisfied with the information available decreased the risk of insomnia symptoms among residents of Mettu town. Interventions should be put in place to promote healthy sleep among residents of Mettu town.
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- 2023
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34. Evaluation of Transfusion Transmissible Infections Prevalence and Trend Among Blood Donors Attended at Bule Hora Blood Bank, West Guji, South Ethiopia
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Alqeer Aliyo, Girma Ashenafi, and Seid Adem
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) are among the greatest threats to blood safety for recipients and the economy of the developed and developing countries. Therefore, the study of the prevalence and trends of TTIs is important to assess for its prevention and control strategies. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and trend of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors at the Bule Hora Blood Bank, West Guji, Ethiopia, from 2019 to 2021. Method A retrospective study was conducted on all blood donors at the Bule Hora Blood Bank from 2019-2021. The data of 4193 blood donors were collected from the databank (logbook) of the blood bank using a checklist. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software, and the chi-square test was used to assess the association between independent variables and transfusion transmission infection. Different types of graphs, charts and tables were used to present the data. P values less than .05 were considered statistically significant. Result The overall transfusion transmissible infection among blood donors was 4.6% (192). Out of the tested blood donors, 86 (2.1%) were found to be seropositive for hepatitis B virus. The trend analysis showed that the positivity rates of the screened tests were 28 (4.72%) in 2019, decreased to 77 (4.26%) in 2020 and increased to 87 (4.86%) in 2021. The sex of blood donors was significantly associated with TTIs ( P value = .021), and the positivity rates were significantly higher among male than female blood donors. The study results showed that overall seropositivity rates increased along the age groups of the donors. Conclusion The study reported a moderate prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors visiting the Bule hora blood bank. Health education about the transmission, prevention and create awareness of TTIs should be strengthened by the government and non-government organization.
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- 2022
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35. Space-Based Quantum Internet: Entanglement Distribution in Time-Varying LEO Constellations
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Koudia, Seid, Rehman, Junaid ur, and Chatzinotas, Symeon
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Quantum Physics ,Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture - Abstract
This paper addresses the complexities of entanglement distribution in LEO satellite networks, particularly those arising from their dynamic topology. Traditional static and dynamic entanglement distribution methods often result in high entanglement drop rates and reduced end-to-end throughput. We introduce a novel framework that leverages the dynamic nature of LEO satellite networks to enhance entanglement distribution efficiency. Employing a space-time graph model to represent the network's temporal evolution, we propose an entanglement distribution strategy based on path utility, incorporating pointing errors, non-ideal link transmittance for intersatellite links, and atmospheric effects for downlinks. Our approach demonstrates superior performance in reducing entanglement drop rates and improving throughput compared to conventional methods. This study advances the field of quantum communication in satellite networks, offering resilient and efficient entanglement distribution strategies that support practical applications such as distributed computing, quantum multipartite cryptography, and distributed quantum sensing. The findings underscore the potential of integrating dynamic satellite networks with quantum technologies to create a reliable and secure quantum internet.
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- 2024
36. Nonlinear Inverse Design of Mechanical Multi-Material Metamaterials Enabled by Video Denoising Diffusion and Structure Identifier
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Park, Jaewan, Kushwaha, Shashank, He, Junyan, Koric, Seid, Liu, Qibang, Jasiuk, Iwona, and Abueidda, Diab
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Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science - Abstract
Metamaterials, synthetic materials with customized properties, have emerged as a promising field due to advancements in additive manufacturing. These materials derive unique mechanical properties from their internal lattice structures, which are often composed of multiple materials that repeat geometric patterns. While traditional inverse design approaches have shown potential, they struggle to map nonlinear material behavior to multiple possible structural configurations. This paper presents a novel framework leveraging video diffusion models, a type of generative artificial Intelligence (AI), for inverse multi-material design based on nonlinear stress-strain responses. Our approach consists of two key components: (1) a fields generator using a video diffusion model to create solution fields based on target nonlinear stress-strain responses, and (2) a structure identifier employing two UNet models to determine the corresponding multi-material 2D design. By incorporating multiple materials, plasticity, and large deformation, our innovative design method allows for enhanced control over the highly nonlinear mechanical behavior of metamaterials commonly seen in real-world applications. It offers a promising solution for generating next-generation metamaterials with finely tuned mechanical characteristics., Comment: 26 pages, 15 figures
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- 2024
37. Spatial-Mode Diversity and Multiplexing for Continuous Variables Quantum Communications
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Koudia, Seid, Oleynik, Leonardo, Bayraktar, Mert, Rehman, Junaid ur, and Chatzinotas, Symeon
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
We investigate the performance of continuous-variable (CV) quantum communication systems employing diversity schemes to mitigate the effects of realistic channel conditions, including Gaussian lossy channels, fading, and crosstalk. By modeling the transmittivity of the channel as a log-normal distribution, we account for the stochastic nature of fading. We analyze the impact of both post-processing amplification at the receiver and pre-amplification at the transmitter on the fidelity of the communication system. Our findings reveal that diversity schemes provide significant advantages over single-channel transmission in terms of fidelity, particularly in conditions of strong fading and high thermal background noise. We also explore the effect of crosstalk between channels and demonstrate that a noticeable advantage persists in scenarios of strong fading or thermal noise. For CV-QKD, we show that diversity can outperform multiplexing in terms of average secret key rate, revealing a diversity advantage over multiplexing in some regimes.
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- 2024
38. Hate Speech Detection and Classification in Amharic Text with Deep Learning
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Gashe, Samuel Minale, Yimam, Seid Muhie, and Assabie, Yaregal
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Hate speech is a growing problem on social media. It can seriously impact society, especially in countries like Ethiopia, where it can trigger conflicts among diverse ethnic and religious groups. While hate speech detection in resource rich languages are progressing, for low resource languages such as Amharic are lacking. To address this gap, we develop Amharic hate speech data and SBi-LSTM deep learning model that can detect and classify text into four categories of hate speech: racial, religious, gender, and non-hate speech. We have annotated 5k Amharic social media post and comment data into four categories. The data is annotated using a custom annotation tool by a total of 100 native Amharic speakers. The model achieves a 94.8 F1-score performance. Future improvements will include expanding the dataset and develop state-of-the art models. Keywords: Amharic hate speech detection, classification, Amharic dataset, Deep Learning, SBi-LSTM, Comment: Dataset: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/p74pfhz3yx/1
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- 2024
39. Log-Gaussian Cox Processes for Spatiotemporal Traffic Fatality Estimation in Addis Ababa
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Abebe, Yassin Tesfaw, Seid, Abdu Mohammed, and Roininen, Lassi
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Statistics - Applications - Abstract
We investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of traffic accidents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using 2016--2019 data. We formulate the traffic accident intensity as a log-Gaussian Cox Process and model it as a spatiotemporal point process with and without fixed and random effect components that incorporate possible covariates and spatial correlation information. The covariate includes population density and distance of accident locations from schools, from markets, from bus stops and from worship places. We estimate the posterior of the state variables using integrated nested Laplace approximations with stochastic partial differential equations approach by considering Mat\`ern prior. Deviance and Watanabe - Akaike information criteria are used to check the performance of the models. We implement the methodology to map traffic accident intensity over Addis Ababa entirely and on its road networks and visualize the potential traffic accident hotspot areas. The comparison of the observation with the model output reveals that the covariates considered has significant effect for the accident intensity. Moreover, the information criteria results reveal the model with covariate performs well compared with the model without covariates. We obtained temporal correlation of the log-intensity as 0.78 indicating the existence of similar traffic fatality trend in space during the study period.
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- 2024
40. Diversity and Multiplexing in Quantum MIMO Channels
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Rehman, Junaid ur, Oleynik, Leonardo, Koudia, Seid, Bayraktar, Mert, and Chatzinotas, Symeon
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
Characterization and exploitation of multiple channels between the transmitter and the receiver in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications brought a paradigm shift in classical communication systems. The techniques developed around MIMO communication systems not only brought unprecedented advancements in the communication rates but also substantially improved the reliability of communication, measured by low error rates. Here, we explore the same ideas in the paradigm of quantum MIMO communication. Specifically, we utilize approximate quantum cloning to transmit multiple copies of the same quantum state over a MIMO channel that incorporates crosstalk, losses, and depolarizing noise. With this strategy, we find an achievable tradeoff between the average fidelity and communication rate over this MIMO setup., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Comments welcome
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- 2024
41. Generalized anxiety disorder among mothers attending perinatal services during COVID-19 pandemic: using ordinal logistic regression model
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Mesfin Esayas Lelisho, Amanuel Mengistu Merera, Seid Ali Tareke, Sali Suleman Hassen, Sebwedin Surur Jemal, Admasu Markos kontuab, and Meseret Mesfin Bambo
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Generalized anxiety disorder ,Mental health ,Prenatal period ,COVID-19 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Background: Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry about a variety of events. It is critical to ensure a pregnant mother's mental health in order to reduce pregnancy and birth-related problems. The major goal of current study was to identify the factors associated with generalized anxiety disorder among mothers attending perinatal services in the study area during COVID-19 using ordinal logistic regression. Methods: The institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 10th, 2020 to August 10th, 2020 at Kembata Tembaro zone, Southern Ethiopia. The current study included 423 mothers. The GAD-7 scale was used to assess the anxiety level among mothers. An Ordered logit model was used to identify the determinants of GAD. Brant test of the parallel line was utilized to check proportionality assumption. The statistical significance was determined using an adjusted proportional odd ratio with a 95%CI, and a p-value
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- 2022
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42. Multilevel analysis of factors associated with utilization of institutional delivery in Ethiopia
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Sali Suleman Hassen, Sebwedin Surur Jemal, Meseret mesfin Bambo, Mesfin Esayas Lelisho, Seid Ali Tareke, Amanuel Mengistu Merera, and Admasu Markos Kontuab
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Medicine - Abstract
Background: The maternal mortality rate in poor nations remains unacceptably high. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with institutional delivery usage. Methods: The data came from the Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey, which was conducted in 2019. This study comprised 3978 women of reproductive age who had given birth within the previous 5 years. To uncover significantly linked parameters associated with institutional delivery, we used a multilevel logistic regression model. Statistical significance was declared at p
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- 2022
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43. Determinants of Virologic Failure Among Adults on Second Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Wollo, Amhara Regional State, Northeast Ethiopia
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Seid A, Cherie N, and Ahmed K
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hiv ,second line art ,virologic failure ,case control study ,wollo ,northeast ethiopia. ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Ali Seid,1 Niguss Cherie,2 Kemal Ahmed3 1Reproductive and Family Health Unit, Dessie Health Science College, Dessie, Ethiopia; 2Reproductive and Family Health Unit, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 3School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Niguss CherieReproductive and Family Health Unit, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO Box: 1145, Dessie, EthiopiaTel +251 910749743Email nigucheru@gmail.comBackground: Treatment failure among the population on second line antiretroviral therapy is a major public health threat. In Ethiopia there has been limited research done on second line treatment failure.Objective: To identify determinants of virologic failure among adults on second line antiretroviral therapy in six public hospitals of Wollo, Amhara regional state, northeast Ethiopia.Methods: An institution-based unmatched case–control study was conducted from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 on a total of 377 clients in six public hospitals of Wollo, Amhara regional state, northeast Ethiopia. Clients whose viral load result > 1,000 copies/mL in two consecutive results at least 3 month apart were cases, while ≤ 1,000 copies/mL were controls. The sample size was calculated by using Epi-Info version 7. Cases (94) and controls (283) were selected using a simple random sampling method in a ratio of cases-to-controls of 1:3. The model fitted and binary logistic assumptions were fulfilled with 95% confidence level and P-values< 0.05 were taken as statistically significant.Results: Virologic failure was predicted by poor adherence (AOR=6.060, 95% CI=2.837– 12.944), not disclosing their HIV status (AOR=4.178, 95% CI=1.431– 12.198), OI (AOR=4.11, 95% CI=1.827– 9.246), CD4 count < 100 cells/mm3 (AOR=3.497, 95% CI=1.233– 9.923) and 100– 350 cells/mm3 (AOR=5.442, 95% CI=2.191– 13.513), low BMI < 16 kg/m2 (AOR=7.223, 95% CI=2.218– 23.520), and young age 15– 29 years (AOR=2.898, 95% CI=1.171– 7.170).Conclusion and Recommendations: Determinants of second line ART virologic failure were patients who had poor adherence to ART, not disclosed, opportunistic infection, low CD4 counts < 350 cell/mm3, low BMI (< 16 kg/m2), and young age 15– 29 year patients. Social support, disclosing their HIV status, and getting early treatment for any opportunistic infection is crucial to patients.Keywords: HIV, second line ART, virologic failure, case–control study, Wollo, northeast Ethiopia
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- 2020
44. 159:oral Scaling up neurological interventions in East Africa: a health economic evaluation
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Mieraf Taddesse Tolla, Kjell Arne Johansson, Oystein Haaland, J Hubbers, Seid Ali Gugssa, Tiwonge Elisa Khonje Phiri, Omar Mwalim Omar, Ayalew Moges Beyene, Kigocha Okeng’o, and M Tessema Memirie S
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Published
- 2022
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45. Biological Characteristics, Impacts, and Management of Crenate Broomrape (Orobanche crenata) in Faba Bean (Vicia faba): A Review
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Takele Negewo, Seid Ahmed, Taye Tessema, and Tamado Tana
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broomrape ,holoparasite ,infection ,infestation ,integrated management ,Agriculture ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Crenate broomrape, Orobanche crenata Forskal belongs to the family Orobanchaceae. It is a root holoparasitic weed devoid of chlorophyll and entirely dependent on host plants for its growth requirement. This parasite considerably infects plant species of the families Leguminosae, Apiaceae, and Asteraceae in highly infested drier and warmer areas of the world. It is well-known for its devastating effects on cool-season food legumes especially on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and for threatening the livelihood of subsistence farmers. Yield losses of infected crops reach up to 100% depending on the level of infection by the parasitic weed. The long-term impact of the parasite is even more serious than its short-term effects as its numerous minute seeds are easily spread using different mechanisms and persist in the soil for up to 20 years. Besides, its management is difficult as no single method proved to be effective, economical, and complete in managing the weed. This review article gives an overview of information on the biological characteristics and harmful effects of crenate broomrape and summarizes scientifically proven management techniques for its effective management. Different approaches should be validated, demonstrated, and scaled for wider uses to manage crenate broomrape sustainably and boost the host crop productivity. Therefore, besides narrowing the knowledge gaps on the weed biology more strengthened efforts in searching for host plant resistance and/or tolerance based integrated management approaches by considering socio-economic and ecological conditions of faba bean growers are found paramount importance.
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- 2022
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46. Physical Layer Aspects of Quantum Communications: A Survey
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Koudia, Seid, Oleynik, Leonardo, Bayraktar, Mert, Rehman, Junaid ur, and Chatzinotas, Symeon
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Quantum Physics ,Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture - Abstract
Quantum communication systems support unique applications in the form of distributed quantum computing, distributed quantum sensing, and several cryptographic protocols. The main enabler in these communication systems is an efficient infrastructure that is capable to transport unknown quantum states with high rate and fidelity. This feat requires a new approach to communication system design which efficiently exploits the available physical layer resources, while respecting the limitations and principles of quantum information. Despite the fundamental differences between the classic and quantum worlds, there exist universal communication concepts that may proven beneficial in quantum communication systems as well. In this survey, the distinctive aspects of physical layer quantum communications are highlighted in a attempt to draw commonalities and divergences between classic and quantum communications. More specifically, we begin by overviewing the quantum channels and use cases over diverse optical propagation media, shedding light on the concepts of crosstalk and interference. Subsequently, we survey quantum sources, detectors, channels and modulation techniques. More importantly, we discuss and analyze spatial multiplexing techniques, such as coherent control, multiplexing, diversity and MIMO. Finally, we identify synergies between the two communication technologies and grand open challenges that can be pivotal in the development of next-generation quantum communication systems.
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- 2024
47. Demarked: A Strategy for Enhanced Abusive Speech Moderation through Counterspeech, Detoxification, and Message Management
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Yimam, Seid Muhie, Dementieva, Daryna, Fischer, Tim, Moskovskiy, Daniil, Rizwan, Naquee, Saha, Punyajoy, Roy, Sarthak, Semmann, Martin, Panchenko, Alexander, Biemann, Chris, and Mukherjee, Animesh
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Social and Information Networks - Abstract
Despite regulations imposed by nations and social media platforms, such as recent EU regulations targeting digital violence, abusive content persists as a significant challenge. Existing approaches primarily rely on binary solutions, such as outright blocking or banning, yet fail to address the complex nature of abusive speech. In this work, we propose a more comprehensive approach called Demarcation scoring abusive speech based on four aspect -- (i) severity scale; (ii) presence of a target; (iii) context scale; (iv) legal scale -- and suggesting more options of actions like detoxification, counter speech generation, blocking, or, as a final measure, human intervention. Through a thorough analysis of abusive speech regulations across diverse jurisdictions, platforms, and research papers we highlight the gap in preventing measures and advocate for tailored proactive steps to combat its multifaceted manifestations. Our work aims to inform future strategies for effectively addressing abusive speech online.
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- 2024
48. BLEnD: A Benchmark for LLMs on Everyday Knowledge in Diverse Cultures and Languages
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Myung, Junho, Lee, Nayeon, Zhou, Yi, Jin, Jiho, Putri, Rifki Afina, Antypas, Dimosthenis, Borkakoty, Hsuvas, Kim, Eunsu, Perez-Almendros, Carla, Ayele, Abinew Ali, Gutiérrez-Basulto, Víctor, Ibáñez-García, Yazmín, Lee, Hwaran, Muhammad, Shamsuddeen Hassan, Park, Kiwoong, Rzayev, Anar Sabuhi, White, Nina, Yimam, Seid Muhie, Pilehvar, Mohammad Taher, Ousidhoum, Nedjma, Camacho-Collados, Jose, and Oh, Alice
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) often lack culture-specific knowledge of daily life, especially across diverse regions and non-English languages. Existing benchmarks for evaluating LLMs' cultural sensitivities are limited to a single language or collected from online sources such as Wikipedia, which do not reflect the mundane everyday lifestyles of diverse regions. That is, information about the food people eat for their birthday celebrations, spices they typically use, musical instruments youngsters play, or the sports they practice in school is common cultural knowledge but uncommon in easily collected online sources, especially for underrepresented cultures. To address this issue, we introduce BLEnD, a hand-crafted benchmark designed to evaluate LLMs' everyday knowledge across diverse cultures and languages. BLEnD comprises 52.6k question-answer pairs from 16 countries/regions, in 13 different languages, including low-resource ones such as Amharic, Assamese, Azerbaijani, Hausa, and Sundanese. We construct the benchmark to include two formats of questions: short-answer and multiple-choice. We show that LLMs perform better for cultures that are highly represented online, with a maximum 57.34% difference in GPT-4, the best-performing model, in the short-answer format. For cultures represented by mid-to-high-resource languages, LLMs perform better in their local languages, but for cultures represented by low-resource languages, LLMs perform better in English than the local languages. We make our dataset publicly available at: https://github.com/nlee0212/BLEnD.
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- 2024
49. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among janitors working in hospital and non-hospital areas: a comparative cross-sectional study
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Seid Abie, Moges Tiruneh, and Wondwossen Abebe
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MRSA ,Nasal carriage ,Janitors ,Antibiogram profile ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Background Nasal colonization of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) plays a key role in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of both healthcare-associated and community-acquired MRSA infections in various populations. Screening of MRSA nasal colonization is important in the prevention and control of infection and may provide useful information to guide antimicrobial therapy. This study aimed to determine nasal carriage of MRSA, its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors among janitors working in hospital & non-hospital areas at the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in a total of 436 study participants (221 hospital and 215 non-hospital janitors) from January to May 2019. The study participants were sampled using a simple random sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and associated factors were collected through face to face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Nasal swabs were collected and inoculated into Mannitol salt agar. MRSA was detected using cefoxitin (30 µg) disc and an antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the disc diffusion method. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical package. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of S. aureus was 101/436 [23.2%, (95% CI: 19.3–27.8)], of which, 29.4% (65/221) were isolated from hospital and 16.7% (36/215) non-hospital janitors. The prevalence of MRSA was 4.8% (21/436) [95% CI: 3.0–6.9]; of these, 8.1% (18/221) of the isolates were from the hospital and 1.4% (3/215) non-hospital janitors, while methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) in hospital & non-hospital janitors were 49 (22.2%) and 31 (14.4%), respectively. Among the MRSA isolates, 52.4% (11/21) were multi-drug resistant. Of these, 42.9% (9/18) were isolated from hospital and 66.7% (2/3) non-hospital janitors. Hence, nasal carriage of MRSA was significantly associated with hospitalization within the preceding year (AOR = 3.15, CI = 1.13–8.71). Conclusion The present study revealed that high MSSA and MRSA were isolated from the hospital as compared to non-hospital janitors and high rates of antibiotics resistance were recorded in the hospital janitors. Consequently, hospitalizations were significantly associated with MRSA. Accordingly, regular screening of carriers in apparently healthy janitors is required for the prevention of nosocomial infections.
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- 2020
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50. Does Women’s Autonomy Matter on Attitude Towards Condom Use in Reducing Risk for HIV Infection Among Married Women in Ethiopia?
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Ahmed M and Seid A
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women ,autonomy ,attitude ,condom ,hiv ,ethiopia ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Mohammed Ahmed,1 Abdu Seid2 1Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia; 2Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Mohammed Ahmed Email mohaasrar12@gmail.comBackground: Condom utilization remains as the forefront guard to reduce the HIV/AIDS pandemic. However, evidence showed that the dynamics of gendered power, beliefs, and attitudes about condoms and sexuality retards condom use for a large proportion of Africa’s people. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association between women’s autonomy in health decision making and attitude to condom use in reducing risk for HIV in Ethiopia using a nationally representative, population-based household survey data.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using 2016 nationally representative, population-based Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between women’s autonomy in health decision making and attitude to condom use by controlling confounders. To declare statistically significant associations, adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used.Results: The present study enrolled 6787 weighted samples of married women. The study showed that the odds of attitude toward condom use were 1.39 times (AOR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.04– 1.85) higher among women who decide for their health care compared to its counterparts. Also, the odds of attitude toward condom use were positively associated among women who conquered higher education (AOR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.17– 3.33), who had the richest wealth index quintile (AOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.01– 2.07), and who had ever been tested for HIV (AOR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.09– 1.57). However, the odds of attitudes toward condom use were negatively associated among Muslims (AOR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.46– 0.74) and Protestant religion (AOR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.54– 0.88) followers.Conclusion: The study culminates that women’s autonomy in health decision making improves attitudes toward condom use during sex for HIV prevention in Ethiopia. Besides, women’s higher education gets better wealth index, and HIV testing perks up the attitudes toward condom use; but religious affiliation deters it. Therefore, efforts need to be done in promoting women’s autonomy along with empowering women in education, economic as well as HIV detection. Furthermore, designing interventions that address primary prevention strategies like using condoms consistently along with addressing religious affiliation can have a significant effect on curtailing HIV/AIDS scourge.Keywords: women, autonomy, attitude, condom, HIV, Ethiopia
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- 2020
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