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The Kızılırmak Delta, located in the north of Turkey, covers approximately 20,000 hectares and contains seven lakes of various sizes. There are Balık, Cernek, Gıcı, Liman, Uzun and Tatlı Lakes in the east and Karaboğaz Lake in the west and the width of these lakes is around 3,600 hectares. While the lakes have the largest area in the winter months, the water level decreases in the summer months and livestock are grazed in these areas. This study was carried out in the grassland areas formed by the withdrawal of water in the summer period in the south of Balık Lake. Paspalum paspalodes is the powerful plant species that appears with the withdrawal of water in the summer grazing period. In the present study, the CP, ADF, NDF and RFV values of the watergrass plant were found to be 8.92, 36.83, 60.57 and 92.45%, respectively. According to the results of the research; It was determined that Paspalum paspalodes was lovingly eaten by water buffaloes in the Kızılırmak Delta and the forage quality was medium.

Bu çalışmanın amacı non-dormant özellikteki yonca (Medicago sativa L.) genotiplerinin verim ve kalite özelliklerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada 5 adet yonca çeşidi (Fortuna, Nimet, Green star, Isinde ve Golden West) ile 1 adet çeşit adayı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma Antalya ve Samsun olmak üzere 2 farklı lokasyonda 2018-2020 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuş olup, her yıl Antalya’da 8 biçim, Sansun’da ise 6 biçim yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda non-dormant özellikteki çeşit adayı yoncanın kuru ot verimi-3048 kg da-1, ham protein oranı-%21.45, ADF oranı-%29.08, NDF oranı-%39.94, ADL oranı-%7.36, Nispi yem değeri-%155 olarak bulunmuştur. Kuru ot verimi üzerinden yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre de aday çeşidin diğer çeşitlerden daha stabil olduğu belirlenmiştir.

The enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin with antithrombotic effect . Increasing use of enoxaparin in the therapy and prophylaxis of thromboembolic disorders causes an increase in the incidence of these potential anticoagulant-related complications . Retroperitoneal bleeding is one of those complications. This is a rare case report of spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma as a result of ischemic stroke due to the use of enoxaparin. [J Contemp Med 2016; 6(4.000): 348-351]

PURPOSE Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that often leads to complications. We aimed to correlate two complications of DM, polyneuropathy and hyperactive bladder syndrome, using noninvasive measures, such as screening tests. METHODS We included 80 female and 40 male type 2 diabetic patients in this prospective study. Diabetic polyneuropathy evaluations were conducted using the Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions (DN4), and overactive bladder (OAB) evaluations were performed using the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-V8). The patients were also evaluated for retinopathy and nephropathy. The diabetic male and female patients with or without OAB were chosen and compared for microvascular complications (polyneuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy). RESULTS There were no significant correlations between OAB and retinopathy as well as between OAB and nephropathy among diabetic patients (female patients, P>0.05; male patients, P>0.05 ). However, the patients with OAB were significantly more likely to develop polyneuropathy (female patients, P

research Giriş: Benign prostat hiperplazisi'ne (BPH) sekonder gelişen alt üriner sistem semptomları (AÜSS) yaygın ve yaşlı erkeklerin yaşam kalitesini etkileyen bir durumdur. Araştırmacılara göre AÜSS/BPH hastalarının önemli bir oranında (% 22,6) anksiyete veya depresyon rapor edilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bor Devlet Hastanesi üroloji polikliniğine AÜSS ile başvuran ardışık 42 hasta muayene edildi ve maximum idrar akım hızı (Qmax), Uluslararası Prostat Semptom Skoru (IPSS) sonuçları kaydedildi. Ayrıca hastalarda IPSS yaşam kalite endexi (QoL) ve anksiyete için Hamilton anksiyete değerlendirme ölçeği kullanıldı. Hastalar IPSS'ye göre iki gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1 orta (IPSS 19) AÜSS. Aynı şeklide hastalar Qmax'a göre iki gruba ayrıldı. Grup 3 orta (Qmax >9) ve grup 4 şiddetli (Qmax 19) LUTS. Patients according to Qmax were divided into two groups as moderate (group 3, Qmax >9) and severe (group 4, Qmax

The aim of our study was to evaluate whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a predictor of disease progression and recurrence in patients with primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This was a prospective study of 86 patients with newly diagnosed NMIBC. The patients were classified by the number of points assigned by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk tables. The correlation between progression score, recurrence score, age, mean platelet volume, red blood cell distribution width and NLR was assessed statistically. The same parameters were compared between the risk groups. A significant difference in NLR and age values was observed between recurrence and progression risk score groups. The relationships between NLR and recurrence and progression risk scores were no longer significant after correcting for the statistical effect of age on scores. Age was significantly different between groups after adjusting for NLR. Our study revealed that NLR and age were associated with patient age and bladder tumor progression and recurrence risk scores. After correcting for age, the significant relationship with NLR was lost, in contrast to some previous studies. We recommend that patient age should be corrected to avoid misleading results in NLR studies.

WOS: 000456650700006 The aim of the research was to determine the forage yield and quality of thirty alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes. Plots were established in 2014 in Isparta, Turkey, in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Five cuttings were done during the 2015, 2016 and 2017. The dry matter yield (DMY), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and relative feed value (RFV) were determined. According to the three years average results, significant differences were determined for all parameters. Alfalfa genotypes viz., Cay-1, Cay-2, Keciborlu-1 and Keciborlu-3 were selected for alfalfa breeding program due to their superior yield and quality features. TUBITAK (Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [214O066] This research was financially supported by TUBITAK (Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council, project no. 214O066).

Bu çalışma, 2013-2014 yıllarında Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü deneme alanlarında, tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler ile ileri kademede oluşturulacak yonca ıslah çalışmalarına materyal temin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Antalya iline ait 13 ilçeden, 26 farklı duraktaki doğal vejetasyondan seçilen üstün yonca genotiplerinde, kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi için önem arz eden, ham protein (HP) oranı, asit deterjan fiber (ADF), nötr deterjan fiber (NDF) oranları saptanmıştır. En yüksek HP oranı, Finike1, Finike2, Gazipaşa1 ve Aksu2 genotiplerinde, en yüksek ADF oranı, Serik2 genotipinde ve en yüksek NDF oranı ise Manavgat2 genotipinde tespit edilmiştir. Kalite kriterleri açısından Gazipaşa1, Alanya1, Aksu2, Kepez1, Döşemealtı1, Konyaaltı1, Kemer1, Finike2, Demre1 ve Kaş1 genotipleri, ileri ıslah kademesine aktarılmıştır.

This research was conducted to determine characters effecting crude protein content in different artificial pastures from the years 2010 to 2012 by using simple correlation coefficient and path analysis. Forage samples were collected from grazing and non-grazing areas once every 15 days during the grazing seasons. The crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) contents, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and crude ash ratios were determined on the forage samples. The results showed that there were significant interrelationships between quality parameters and the crude protein content in grazing and non-grazing areas of pastures. Several traits affected the crude protein directly or indirectly. In nongrazed areas, P, K and Mg showed positive direct effect on crude protein whereas there were negative direct effects of NDF, ADF, IVDMD, Ca and ash on crude protein content. In grazed areas, ADF, IVDMD, P and K showed positive direct effect on crude protein whereas there were negative direct effects of NDF, Ca, Mg and ash on crude protein content.

This research was conducted to determine the forage quality of alfalfa during grazing season in artificial pasture from the years 2010 to 2012 in Isparta. The mixture of the pasture used were Medicago sativa L. (15%) + Onobrychis sativa Lam. (15%) + Agropyron cristatum L. (35%) + Bromus inermis L. (35%). Forage samples were collected from grazing and non-grazing areas once every 15 days during the grazing seasons. The crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) contents, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ratios were determined on the alfalfa forage samples. According to results of this research, the CP content, IVDMD, Mg, P and K contents decreased throughout the grazing season, while ADF, NDF and Ca contents increased in grazing and non-grazing areas. The ADF, NDF, Ca, Mg contents of alfalfa in non-grazed areas were higher than the grazed areas, while CP, IVDMD, P and K contents of grazed areas were higher than non-grazed areas. It can be concluded that the harvesting at the late stages caused a reduction in forage quality of alfalfa in grazing and non-grazing areas.

Objective To assess cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Materials and Methods One hundred and twenty-three patients who were evaluated for the presence of benign prostatic hyperplasia with accompanying symptoms were included in the study. Patients were also examined by cardiology department to assess and measure cardiovascular risk factors, left ventricular functions, and carotid intima-media thickness. Results Cardiovascular risk factors adjusted carotid intima-media thickness was found to be different between 3 groups, being highest in the severely symptomatic group and lowest in the mildly symptomatic group. Significant correlation of prostatic volume was shown with carotid intima-media thickness after adjusting prostatic volume for body mass index and age, and carotid intima-media thickness for cardiovascular risk factors (r = 0.75 P = .01). Linear regression analysis revealed that carotid intima-media thickness significantly associated with prostatic volume (beta coefficient: 0.628; confidence interval: 37.02-60.1; P = .001). Conclusion We have demonstrated that prostatic tissue has significant association with carotid intima-media thickness in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Bu araştırma beş farklı azot dozunun (0, 3, 6, 9 ve 12 kg/da) iki adetarıotu (Phaceliatanacetifolia Bentham)çeşidinin (Enton ve Stala) verim ve kalite değerlerine etkisini belirlemekamacıyla 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında Eskişehir koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada en yüksek yeşil ot ve kuru ot verimleri Entonçeşidinde dekara 6 kg olarak uygulanan azotlu gübre dozunda (sırasıyla, 2981 kgve 712 kg), Stala çeşidinde ise dekara 9 kg olarak uygulanan azotlu gübredozunda (sırasıyla, 2103 kg ve 537 kg) elde edilmiştir. En yüksek ham proteinoranı dekara 6 kg ve üzeri miktarda uygulanan azotlu gübre dozlarındabelirlenirken, ortalama en yüksek ham protein verimi ise 98.01 kg/da ile dekara9 kg olarak uygulanan azotlu gübre dozunda tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada azotlugübre dozları arttıkça arıotunun ADF ve NDF oranları azalırken, TDN değeri artış göstermiştir. En yüksek RFV değerleri kontrol parseli hariç diğer tüm azotlu gübreleme yapılan parsellerdebelirlenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre yeşil ot kuru ot ve hamprotein verimi ile ham protein oranı, ADF ve NDF oranları ile nispi beslemedeğerleri dikkate alındığında Enton çeşidinin Stala çeşidine tercih edilmesigerektiği, yüksek verim ve kalitede arıotu için ise en uygun gübre dozunundekara 9 kg olarak uygulanan azotlu gübre olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır., This research was conducted to determine the effectsof four different nitrogen doses (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 kg/da), on yield and qualitycomponents of two phacelia (Phaceliatanacetifolia Bentham) cultivars (Enton and Stala) under Eskişehirconditions in the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. The highest green forage andhay yields were obtained from 6 kg/da nitrogen dose (2981 kg and 712 kg,respectively) for Enton cultivar, from 9 kg/da nitrogen dose (2113 kg and 537kg, respectively) for Stala cultivar. It was determined that the highest crudeprotein ratio at 6 kg/da or more nitrogen fertilizations, the highest crude protein yield was 98.01 kg/da at the 9 kg/da nitrogenfertilization. While increasing nitrogen doses, ADF and NDF contents weredecreased, TDN content of phacelia cultivars were increased. The highest RFV value wasdetermined at the all nitrogen fertilization doses except control plot. In conclusion, it wasregarded that green forage yield, hay yield, crude protein ratio, crude proteinyield and relative feed value, Enton cultivar canbe preferred over Stala cultivar. It is possible to obtain high forage yield and good quality with 9 kg/danitrogen application in similar ecologies.

The aim of this study was to evaluate inflammation parameters and assess the utility of the neutrophil- lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a simple and readily available predictor for clinical disease activity in patients with nenign prostate hyperplasia BPH. We also aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammatory parameters with α-blocker therapy response, and evaluate the potential association between NLR and the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).We examined 320 consecutive patients (July 2013-December 2013) admitted to our outpatient clinic with symptoms of the lower urinary tract at Bozok University. The mean age was 60 (range, 51-75) years. Complete blood count (CBC), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed. Correlations between PSA, CRP, ESR, prostate volume, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPPS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), and NLR were assessed statistically. Patients were divided into two groups: high and low risk of progression.NLR was positively correlated with IPSS (p=0.001, r=0.265), PSA (p=0.001, r=0.194), and negatively correlated with Qmax (p0.001, r=-0.236). High-risk patients a had a higher NLR compared with low-risk patients, based on IPSS (p0.001), PSA (p=0.013), and Qmax (p0.001); however, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age (p0.05), and prostate volume (p0.05).NLR can predict BPH progression. We propose that increased inflammation is negatively associated with clinical status in BPH patients and suggest that NLR can give information along with LUTS severity which may be used as a readikly accessible marker for patient follow-up.

Hemangiomas are usually superficial, localized, and commonly involve the heador neck, although up to 30% may be seen in the liver. Hemangioma involving theglans penis is extremely rare. A patient with red swelling on the glans penis wasadmitted for circumcision to our clinic. We performed concomitant surgicalexcision together with circumcision, and presented the advantages of surgicaltreatment in such a case.

WOS:000397737200010 PubMed: 28361516 Purpose: In this study, we investigated overactive bladder (OAB) functions in male patients who used antidepressant drugs (ADs) that were previously examined in female patients, based on conflicting data in literature regarding the effects of AD on OAB and the differences between male and female urinary system physiologies (anatomical and hormonal). Methods: The study included 202 male patients (a control group of 90 healthy subjects, and an experimental group of 112 patients taking ADs for different disorders). All the patients completed the overactive bladder-validated 8 (OAB-V8) questionnaire, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDS). Results: The OAB-V8, ICIQ-SF, and BDS scores for the antidepressant users were significantly higher than those of the control group. The highest prevalence of OAB symptoms was observed in patients taking venlafaxine (68.2%), and the lowest prevalence was in patients taking sertraline (28.0%). Moreover, the frequency of OAB between the antidepressant groups was statistically significant. The univariate logistic regression analyses showed a significant relationship between the presence of OAB, antidepressant usage, BDS score, and the age of a patient. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, the association between the presence of OAB and antidepressant usage was statistically significant. Conclusions: The present study showed that the incidence of OAB and the severity of OAB symptoms increased in males using antidepressants for various disorders. This may have been due to unique pharmacological effects, on a molecular or individual level, of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.

Bu çalışma; Göller yöresi doğal florasından toplanan yonca (Medicago sativa L.) genotiplerinin ot verimleri ve kalit e özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada denemeler, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmanın bitkisel materyalini; 15 adet yonca genotipi ile 2 adet tescilli yonca çeşidi oluşturmuş ve ele alınan genotip ve çeşitler; kuru ot verimi, ham protein (HP) oranı, HP verimi, asit çözücülerde çözünmeyen lif (ADF), nötr çözücülerde çözünmeyen lif (NDF), toplam sindirilebilir besin maddesi (TSBM) ve nispi yem değerleri (NYD) yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; kuru ot verimi yönünden istatistiksel anlamda birinci grubu oluşturan Hüyük-1 (2145 kg da-1), Sandıklı-3 (2137 kg da-1) ve Yenişarbademli-2 (2183 kg da-1) yonca genotiplerinin tescilli çeşitlerden daha üstün performans gösterdikleri; Hüyük-1 yonca genotipinden HP oranı ve HP verimi ile ADF, NDF ve TSBM bakımından çok iyi/en üstün kaliteli kuru ot elde edildiği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bu bilgiler ışığında Hüyük-1yonca genotipinin ıslah çalışmalarında kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. This work; it was conducted in order to determine the herbage yield and quality characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes collected from natural flora in the 'Göller Bölgesi'. Experiments in the research were set up in 3 replications, according to the design of random blocks. The herbal material of the study; 15 alfalfa genotypes and 2 registered alfalfa varieties; crude protein ratio, crude protein yield, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and relative feed values (RFV). According to the results of the research; Hüyük-1(2145 kg da-1), Sandıklı-3 (2137 kg da-1) and Yenişarbademli-2 (2183 kg da-1) alfalfa genotypes, which constitute the first group statistically in terms of dry matter, outperformed registered varieties; it has been determined that the CP ratio an d t h e CP yield of the Hüyük-1 alfalfa genotype result in excellent / highest quality dry matter in terms of ADF, NDF and TDN.The obtained information is the result of the genotype of the Hüyük-1 alfalfa in the light can be used in breeding studies.

Bu arastirma, Isparta kosullarinda yonca ( Medicago sativa L.) cesitlerinin ot verimi ile tarimsal karakterlerini belirlemek amaciyla 2010-2012 yillarinda yurutulmustur. Denemede Bilensoy, Verko, Gea, Prosementi ve Aday cesit olmak uzere 5 adet yonca cesidinin verim ve kalite ozellikleri incelenmistir. Calisma sonucunda; En yuksek kuru ot ve ham protein verimleri Bilensoy ve Aday cesitte (sirasiyla, 2355-2368 kg/da, 381.24-410.00 kg/da arasinda) bulunmustur. Yonca cesitlerinde en yuksek ham protein orani %17.37 ile Aday cesitte belirlenmistir. Arastirmada en dusuk ADF ve NDF oranlari ise Bilensoy (sirasiyla, %34.50 ve %42.20) cesidinde tespit edilmistir. Arastirmadan elde edilen sonuclara gore yuksek kuru ot ve ham protein verimi bakimindan Bilensoy ve Aday cesit Isparta ve benzeri ekolojik kosullara tavsiye edilebilir.

This research was conducted to determine the dry matter yields and some quality features of alfalfa cultivars in Ankara and Isparta locations of Turkey. In this study, six alfalfa cultivars, (Daisy, Prosementi, Savas, Bilensoy, Gea) which one of them is candidate were tested in the randomized block design with three replications in 2007-2009 growing seasons. According to the results, significant differences were determined in terms of plant height, main stem diameter, stem number, dry matter yield, crude protein ratio, ADF and NDF contents of alfalfa cultivars. The highest plant heights were determined from Candidate and Prosementi in Ankara, Candidate, Bilensoy and Prosementi in Isparta. The highest stem numbers were determined in Prosementi, Bilensoy and Candidate in Isparta location. Daisy and Candidate had the highest crude protein content and they had the lowest NDF and ADF contents in both locations of the study. While the highest dry matter yield was obtained from Candidate in Ankara, it was obtained from Candidate and Daisy in Isparta. At the end of the study, for the high dry matter yield and quality candidate cultivar is more suitable for Ankara, while candidate and daisy cultivars are more suitable for Isparta location.

Medicago tür ve populasyonlarında moleküler markırlar kullanılarak genotipik varyasyon seviyesini belirlemek yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; Batı Akdeniz sahil kuşağında yer alan, Antalya iline ait 13 ilçede, 26 farklı lokasyonda, doğal vejetasyondan toplanan üstün yonca genotipleri klon yöntemi ile çoğaltılmıştır. Elde edilen 26 genotip ve 2 standart çeşidin aralarındaki benzerlikler, Basit Tekrarlı Sekanslar (SSR) moleküler analiz tekniğiyle, 15 adet primer kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. SSR primerlerinin % 99,7’si polimorfik bant vermiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; kümeleme analizi sonucu oluşan dendograma göre yonca genotipleri 2 ana ve 4 alt gruba ayrılmıştır. Birinci ana grup % 60, ikinci ana grup ise % 65 seviyesinde kendi içerisinde iki alt gruba ayrılmıştır. Benzerlik katsayıları 0.58-0.88 değerleri arasında değişim göstermiştir. En yakın genetik benzerlik Kaş-2 ve Çeşit-1 arasında bulunurken, en uzak ise Gazipaşa-1-Kumluca-2 genotipleri arasında bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bu sonuca göre Batı Akdeniz sahil kuşağından toplanan yonca genotipleri arasında genetik olarak önemli bir varyasyonun olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

This study aimed to determine the effects of five phosphorus rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha‐1) and three harvesting stages (beginning of flowering, full flowering, and seed filling) on forage yield and quality of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.). Dry matter (DM) yield, N, P, K, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were determined. Phosphorus rates and harvesting stages significantly affected most of the components determined in hairy vetch. Phosphorus applications increased DM yield, N, P, Ca and Mg contents but decreased K, tetany ratio (K: (Ca + Mg)), ADF and NDF and had no effect on Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn. Harvesting at the late stages caused a reduction in forage quality. Contents of N, P, K, Cu, Zn, Mg and tetany ratios decreased with advancing growth while DM yield, Ca, ADF and NDF contents increased.

Medicago tür ve populasyonlarında moleküler markırlar kullanılarak genotipik varyasyon seviyesini belirlemek yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; Batı Akdeniz sahil kuşağında yer alan, Antalya iline ait 13 ilçede, 26 farklı lokasyonda, doğal vejetasyondan toplanan üstün yonca genotipleri klon yöntemi ile çoğaltılmıştır. Elde edilen 26 genotip ve 2 standart çeşidin aralarındaki benzerlikler, Basit Tekrarlı Sekanslar (SSR) moleküler analiz tekniğiyle, 15 adet primer kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. SSR primerlerinin % 99,7’si polimorfik bant vermiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; kümeleme analizi sonucu oluşan dendograma göre yonca genotipleri 2 ana ve 4 alt gruba ayrılmıştır. Birinci ana grup % 60, ikinci ana grup ise % 65 seviyesinde kendi içerisinde iki alt gruba ayrılmıştır. Benzerlik katsayıları 0.58-0.88 değerleri arasında değişim göstermiştir. En yakın genetik benzerlik Kaş-2 ve Çeşit-1 arasında bulunurken, en uzak ise Gazipaşa-1-Kumluca-2 genotipleri arasında bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bu sonuca göre Batı Akdeniz sahil kuşağından toplanan yonca genotipleri arasında genetik olarak önemli bir varyasyonun olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

The effects of five different phosphorus rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha‐1) and three different harvesting stages (beginning of flowering, full flowering, and seed filling) on forage yield and quality of narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) were evaluated under the Mediterranean conditions of Turkey in 2005 and 2006 growing seasons. Dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP), N, P, K, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were determined. Phosphorus rates and harvesting stages significantly affectedmost of the quality components determined in narbon vetch. Phosphorus applications increased DM yield, CP, N, P, Ca and Mg contents, decreased K, Fe, ADF and NDF, and had no effect on Mn, Cu and Zn. Harvesting at the late stages caused a reduction in forage quality. Crude protein, N, P, K, Cu, Zn and Mg contents decreased with advancing stages, while Ca, ADF and NDF contents increased.

Livestock producers are interested in growing forage soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in summer and ensiling alone or in mixtures with corn or sorghum. Four row spacings (20, 40, 60, and 80 cm), four seeding rates (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg seeds per hectare) and four harvesting stages for forage production V-5, R-2, R-4, and R-6 were evaluated under irrigated conditions in a randomized split-split plot design with three replications in three different locations in Turkey with Mediterranean-type climate in 2004 and 2005. Dry matter (DM) yield was significantly reduced with increased row spacings in all locations. There was no significant difference between 20, 40, or 60 cm row spacings while 80 cm provided the lowest yield. Increased seeding rates (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg seeds per hectare) generally increased DM yield, although the most suitable row spacing varied by location. DM yield was significantly affected by harvest maturity increasing with advancing maturity in all locations. DM constituent plant components were generally unaffected by row spacing and seeding rate but harvest maturity did significantly affect DM partitioning. As expected, leaf blade fractions decreased continually as plant maturity increased, while stem and flower plus pod fraction increased from V-5 to R-6. In general, row spacing and seeding rate did not significantly affect crude protein, degradable protein, and in vitro dry matter digestibility of soybean forage, but all decreased significantly with advancing maturity. These studies demonstrated soybeans managed for forage in a Mediterranean-type environment can average of 9.3 and 11.3 t ha(-1) dry matter yield at R4 and R6 stages, respectively, while averaging 13.3 % crude protein, 8.2% degradable protein, and 60.6% in vitro dry matter digestibility. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Background/aim: To evaluate the predictability of vardenafil success in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) by using cardiological tests. Materials and methods: Patients diagnosed with ED who did not benefit from lifestyle changes (n = 68) were evaluated with an abridged 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). The pretreatment and posttreatment IIEF-5 scores were compared with pretreatment data obtained from cardiological examinations. Results: When pretreatment scores were compared with test parameters, mitral flow E/A ratio and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) E?/A?, exercise test duration, exercise capacity in MET, and percentage of maximum heart rate were found to be statistically significant. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between mitral flow E/A ratio, TDI E?/A?, exercise test duration, exercise capacity in MET, and the difference in post- and pretreatment IIEF-5 scores. Conclusion: As a diastolic function indicator, TDI E?/A? positively correlates with pretreatment IIEF-5 scores and negatively correlates with the beneficial effect of vardenafil treatment. As a result, the cardiological status of the patient correlates with individual IIEF-5 scores, and it seems to be useful in predicting vardenafil success.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between overactive bladder (OAB) and use of antidepressants in women. This is a prospective trial, and in total, 205 consecutive female (113 patient taking antidepressants for various disorders and 92 healthy controls) outpatients from our outpatients were enrolled in this study. The patients were also divided into those with OAB symptoms, OAB-Validated 8 (OAB-V8 score of ≥8), and without OAB symptoms

This research was conducted to determine the feeding quality of different artificial pastures and their effects on animal performance from the years 2010 to 2012. For this purpose, two different artificial pastures were established, each one covered 1.5 ha area during the first year of the research. The mixtures of the pastures used were as follows: Pasture 1 (P1): Medicago sativa L. (20%) + Bromus inermis L. (40%) + Agropyron cristatum L. (30%) + Poteriumsanguisorba (10%); Pasture 2 (P2): Medicago sativa L. (15%) + Onobrychis sativa Lam. (15%) + Agropyron cristatum L. (35%) + Bromus inermis L. (35%). The grazing was conducted in the second and the third years of the research. Twenty Holstein male calves with 6 months old were assigned to the experimental areas randomly, each pasture containing 10 animals. Forage samples were collected from grazing and non-grazing areas once every 15 days during the grazing seasons. Concurrently with forage sampling, liveweight gains of animals were also obtained. The dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) contents, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were determined on the forage samples collected from grazing and non-grazing areas. The results showed that as grazing season advanced forage quality was declined in both pastures. The CP content and IVDMD were decreased with advancing growth stages in grazing and non-grazing areas of two pastures. The ADF and NDF contents were increased with advancing growth stages. There were no significant differences in the animal performances grazed on both pastures in terms of final weights, total weight gains and daily live weight gains. Keywords: Animal performance; dry matter yield; forage quality; grazing; liveweight gain.

The objective of this study was to report our pathological findings in nephrectomy specimens from patients treated for non-functioning hydronephrotic kidney due to renal pelvic stone disease. A total of 97 patients who underwent nephrectomy for non-functioning hydronephrotic kidneys between January, 2011 and June, 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. A non-functioning kidney was defined as one having paper-thin parenchyma on urinary ultrasound or computed tomography, exhibiting no contrast visualization in the collecting duct system on intravenous urography and having a split renal function of

Highlights • Tumors developed after radiotherapy or chemotherapy are called secondary tumors. • Secondary tumors are independent of primary tumors, and can arise months and years after the primary tumor. • Early diagnosis and correct treatment could prevent dramatic results., INTRODUCTION Testicular cancer has high cure rates, especially after the adjuvant use of chemotherapy. Secondary tumors may develop months and years after the primary tumor. We aimed to report a case of cutaneous Ewing's sarcoma at the site of surgery 3 years after BEP chemotherapy. PRESENTATION OF CASE 21 year old male underwent radical orchiectomy in 2008. After one year surgical site complaints brought him to same hospital. A limited surgical resection was made. As his complaints continued he applied to our clinic. We resected the lesion with a 5 cm safety margin with the light of previous medical history. Pathology revealed cutaneous Ewing's sarcoma, and patient received VACD-IE chemotherapy. He is free of recurrence till now. DISCUSSION Chemotherapy may cause secondary cancer especially in long term. In this case secondary tumor is diagnosed three years after surgery. Patient underwent therapeutic surgery and received chemotherapy (VACD-IE) for secondary Ewing's sarcoma. Early diagnosis and definitive treatment provide recurrence free survival in the patient. CONCLUSION Secondary tumors can emerge months or years after primary tumor therapies, and are not related with the primary tumors. Any lesion or sign should be investigated carefully. Early diagnosis and correct treatment could prevent dramatic results.

Aim: We aimed to compare the two groups, topical plus intrarectal local anesthesia and periprostatic nerve blockage in Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy (TRUS-Biopsy) by means of pain perception. Material and Method: Between October 2012 and 2013, 190 patients included in the study with increased prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and/or abnormal digital rectal examination findings whom underwent 12 core TRUS biopsy. Some patients are medicationed with perianal %5 lidocaine firstly, and then with intrarectal 10 cc %2 lidocaine gel (Group 1), other group was medicationed with periprostatic 10cc %2 lidocaine solution with 20 Gauche needle (Group 2). There was 103 patients in Group 1, and 87 patients in Group 2. Results: There was no statistically significant relation between visual analog scale (VAS) scores and prostate volume, age, pathology result, Gleason score, and perineural invasion. The mean VAS score was 3,02 (0,3-7,6) in Group 1; and 1.9 (0,3-3,9) in Group 2. When the VAS score was compared between groups, statistically significant difference was found (p=0,01). Discussion: While we used 2 agents topically around anus and intrarectally in Group 1, pain perception was decreased more in the periprostatic blockage group. This showed us puncturing of needle through prostate capsule results in higher pain perception. Because this procedure is mostly done in the outpatient clinics, periprostatic blockage should be the choice of local anesthesia for relieving pain.

To evaluate the treatment success rate of flexible ureterorenoscopy (URS) for opaque and non-opaque renal stones.Ninety-four patients, who underwent flexible URS for renal stones between October 2012 and January 2014, were included. The patients were divided into two groups according to stone radiolucency. The patients were evaluated with preoperative and postoperative (at the weeks 4) computed tomography. Success of the treatment was defined as stone-free status and residual fragmentslt; 4 mm.Success of the treatment was observed in 79 (84%) patients. Sex, stone size, and stone location were factors affecting treatment success. Seventy-five (79.8%) patients had opaque stones, and 19 (20.2%) had non-opaque stones. The treatment success rates for opaque and non-opaque stones were 86.6% and 73.6%, respectively (P = .167). Flexible URS was a successful modality with acceptable morbidity to treat renal stones.These results show that radiolucent and opaque stones can be effectively treated by flexible URS.nbsp