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Background The Mindset Model is a framework that supports student success, and has begun to be studied in health professions education including nursing. Aim This study aimed to determine if a mindset training intervention previously successful in an Associate Degree nursing student population would also show benefit for nursing students in a Bachelor of Science program. Methods The study design was quasi-experimental. Participants completed the Williams Inventory of Learning Strategies survey tool before and after an educational intervention consisting of a 1 hour mindset training session. Findings Although mean scores changed in a direction that demonstrated strengthened growth mindset and willingness to remediate after the mindset training intervention, which could represent practical significance, the results did not meet statistical significance. Discussion/Conclusions The results of this study may demonstrate that Bachelor of Science nursing students benefit less from mindset training than their Associate Degree counterparts do. Further study with larger samples is recommended.

The medical field is in dire need of more qualified medical laboratory scientists (MLS) and medical laboratory technicians (MLT). Medical laboratory educational programs are diminishing, and medical staff in hospitals are unaware of the unequivocal value trained lab scientists bring to the quality of their patients’ lab results. The national need for more qualified laboratory testing personnel is outpacing the supply. A survey to determine current marketing trends and methods was sent out to 469 program directors of MLS and/or MLT programs, with a 35% response rate. Responses were compared with proven marketing methods to give marketing suggestions relevant to the MLS field. This paper describes the research in how MLS programs currently market themselves. Explanations of marketing techniques are discussed with the intent to help simplify marketing efforts for a more effective marketing strategy. This study showed that medical and clinical laboratory educational programs nationwide should increase marketing and promote the MLS value to local communities.

Celestial sources emitting at high-energy (HE, E > 100 MeV) and at very high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma-rays are of the order of a few thousands and a few hundreds, respectively. On the other hand, the number of sources emitting at ultra high-energy (UHE, E > several tens of TeV) gamma-rays are just a few dozens, and are currently being investigated by means of both ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) and particle shower arrays. These rare VHE and UHE sources represent a new frontier in astrophysics. An array composed of nine ASTRI Cherenkov telescopes is under construction at the Observatorio del Teide (Tenerife, Spain). The ASTRI Mini-Array aims at providing robust answers to a few selected open questions in the VHE and UHE domains. The scientific program during the first four observing years will be devoted to the following Core Science topics: the origin of cosmic rays, the extra-galactic background light and the study of fundamental physics, the novel field in the VHE domain of gamma-ray bursts and multi-messenger transients, and finally the use of the ASTRI Mini-Array to investigate ultra high-energy cosmic rays and to undertake stellar intensity interferometry studies. We review the scientific prospects assessed through dedicated simulations, proving the potential of the ASTRI Mini-Array in pursuing breakthrough discoveries and discuss the synergies with current and future VHE facilities in the Northern hemisphere, such as MAGIC, LHAASO, HAWC, Tibet AS-$γ$, and CTAO-N., 6 pages. To appear in PoS: https://pos.sissa.it/417/. Accepted Proceeding of the "7th Heidelberg International Symposium on High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy (Gamma2022)", 4-8 July 2022, Barcelona, Spain

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Human Frontier Science Program and the National Research Foundation.

To attend to the social production of girls of color in science through the lens of history in person and local contentious practice, we propose a relational and nonrepresentational reading of STEM...

Menstrual pain is a symptom that occurs when hormone progesterone in the body is in balanced which can relief with classical music therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Mozart music therapy on primary menstrual pain in students of the nursing Program at Tribuwana Tunggadewi University Malang. The research Science design used one-group pre-post test design. Samples are Student of Nursing Science program of UNITRI bortch 2020 which experienced menstrual used or primary menstrual pain amounted 30 people. Data collecting used purposive sampling. Instrument research used by observation level pain or NRS (numerical rating scale). Data analyzed by Marginal Homogeneity Test. The result of the study prove almost half the of student of nursing science program at tribhuwana tunggadewi university malang batch 2020 said the experienced level of primary menstruasi pain are very severe and most of them experienced severe level of paint. The result of marginal homogeneity test obtained ñvalue: (0,000) (0,005) so that there is on effect of therapy classical music mozart against primary menstrual pain on Student of Nursing Science Program At Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University Malang. Batch 2020. Based on this research, it is hoped that further researchers can ensure other factors that reduce the level of primary menstrual pain

The present text addresses the Radio USP Diversity in Science Program (93.7), when considering the discussion about racism in journalism today. The methodological procedure (inductive-deductive) includes three actions: reading, interviewing and writing. Contemporary studies of journalism support this research. The alternative journalism plays the role of mediation between several excluded voices. O presente texto aborda o Programa Diversidade em Ciência da Rádio USP (93.7), ao considerar a discussão a respeito do racismo no jornalismo atual. O procedimento metodológico (indutivo-dedutivo) contempla três ações: leitura, entrevista e escrita. Estudos contemporâneos do jornalismo fundamentam esta pesquisa. O jornalismo alternativo cumpre o papel de mediação entre diversas vozes excluídas.

In the globalisation era, engaging youth in science and technology is a joint responsibility across nations. This study examined the effects of Global Korean Science Program (GKSP) on 608 Indonesia...

The present study describes the attempt to achieve the competencies of the Philippine K to 12 Science Program through thematic instruction. It seeks to address the challenges encountered by science teachers with the current curriculum design. The researchers used a thematic instructional model in giving classroom instruction. Two sets of pre-service teachers, taking part as facilitators and as observers, were purposely chosen in the study. The researchers used convergent mixed methods design in analysing the pre-service teachers' experience and observations in teaching through thematic instruction. Results revealed that the thematic instruction implemented in the study has the potential to address the challenges of the current K to 12 science curriculum in terms of design, lesson content, and implementation. Consequently, the results suggest that the thematic instruction design in the study can be used to help achieve the desired outcomes of the K to 12 Science Curriculum.

[EN] This study aims to explore students’ perception of integrating education 4.0 in the Science program. The technology acceptance model was used to determine students’ understanding of integrating education 4.0 focusing on the Science program. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The interview was used to collect the data. Five respondents among Science students were interviewed. They were undergraduate students pursue study in a science education program. The finding of the interview result showed that students had positive responses in integrating education 4.0 for technological sustainable development. The results of the study showed that students had a positive understanding of the three aspects namely, readiness in integrating education 4.0 for the Science program, the impact of technology facilities, and enhancing digital skills for employability. We recommend further research to evaluate the preparation or readiness of students to integrate training using technology 4.0. Based on the results, further research is proposed to take into account new education skills among Science students in line with the industrial revolution 4.0., We would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Ministry of Education FRGS grant FP024-2018A.

This study, which was reviewed through the Registered Report process, examined the initial efficacy of the Scientific Explorers program (Sci2) on second-grade students’ science achievement. Sci2 is grounded in the growing body of empirical research on science instruction, embedding principles of explicit instruction within a guided inquiry-based design framework. Eighteen second-grade classrooms were randomly assigned to treatment or control conditions. A cluster randomized controlled trial was employed, with 294 students nested within classrooms and classrooms nested within condition. The Sci2 program was implemented for a total of 10 lessons (5 hr) in treatment classrooms, whereas control classrooms provided business-as-usual science instruction. Overall treatment effects were observed on three of four science outcome measures. The reported effects were moderate to large, with effect sizes (Hedges’ g) ranging from 0.48 to 0.94. Moderation analyses indicated that science knowledge at pretest did not moderate Sci2’s effects. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

This study aims to examine the concept of the nature of science (NOS) and attitudes towards teaching the NOS. The research used the View on Science Education (VOSE) instrument that was developed by Chen (valid and reliable) which online distributed to students of Physics Education Program from Surabaya State University and IKIP PGRI Pontianak, as well as students of Science Program from IAIN Ponorogo. The survey research method was conducted to determine the profile of students’ views on the NOS and science education. Respondents who filled out the research questionnaire were 102 students. Based on the survey results, the VOSE profile was obtained that the Science-Physics students had difficulty conceptualizing the general picture of VOSE because in some aspects of NOS it appeared that students experienced confusion.Science-Physics students have a positive attitude towards teaching NOS in terms of tentativeness, aspect of the nature of observation, as well as aspect of theory and law.However, Science-Physics students have negative attitudes towards teaching NOS in the aspect of the scientific method. Thus, the implication of this research requires that Science-Physics students learn and further research about the concept of NOS in order to have a correct understanding. DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v4i2.2873

Brookhaven National Laboratory (New York) launched its high-energy X-ray science program at the inception of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office o...

Although many studies demonstrate that online education is as good as face-to-face education with regard to learning gains, course grades, and other near-term metrics, there is a major gap in exploring the long-term outcomes of online vs. face-to-face education, particularly in STEM programs. In this study, the effect of course delivery method on the long-term academic success of B.S. graduates was tested by comparing two similar life sciences undergraduate programs at the University of Florida. The Microbiology and Cell Science program teaches all upper division lecture courses online while the Biology program teaches nearly all of its upper division courses face-to-face. Graduate degree outcomes of 4978 students who completed their B.S. degree from either program (2011–2018) were determined using StudentTracker from the National Student Clearinghouse. The percentage of graduates with any doctoral degree (M.D., D.O., Ph.D., or other) did not differ. However, a significantly higher percentage of Microbiology and Cell Science graduates completed a Ph.D. or master’s degree compared to Biology graduates. Thus, online delivery of upper division undergraduate courses had no adverse effect on the future academic success of these students.

This project entitled “Improving students’ writing descriptive text using mind mapping teaching strategy of the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 4 Kupang in academic year 2017/2018.” This research is aimed at; 1) to find out the use of mind mapping teaching strategy can improve the writing ability of tenth grade students, 2) to find out the weakness and strength of mind mapping teaching strategy. This research was classified as action research. It was done in two cycles. The first cycle was divided into two meetings and the second cycle was divided into two meetings. The research was done with the participation of 43 students of the tenth grade students of science program. The data obtained during the research were qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data were in the form observation checklist while the quantitative data were in the form of the students’ scores. The results of the research showed that the use of mind mapping effectively improved the students writing ability. Based on the qualitative data, the students were able to generate their ideas to produce well-organized recount texts. They were also able to use the appropriate vocabulary, correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, and capitalization in their writings. During the teaching and learning process, they also showed positive response toward the lesson. Based on the quantitative data, the students’ mean score improved. In the pre-test, the students’ mean score was 60.58 The students’ mean score in the post-test 1 is 70.81 and the students’ mean score in the post-test 2 is 78.60, which the last mean score is higher than KKM which is 75.00. It means that there are a difference between the students’ writing descriptive text before and after the action research.

The concepts of weather events and climate appear to be less studied than other concepts of physics in the literature. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of computer-based instruction on the concepts of climate and weather events of middle school students. The sample of the research consisted of 19 8th grade students in the experimental group and 23 students in the control group. Computer-based instruction was carried out in the experimental group, and lessons were given in accordance with the middle school science program with the students in the control group. As a data collection tool, a concept test consisting of three open-ended questions was used to determine students' opinions about climate, weather events and the difference between climate and weather events. In the analysis of the data obtained from the answers of the students in the experimental and control groups to open-ended questions before and after the instruction, a rubric consisting of five categories was used. The categories in the rubric are correct answer, incorrect answer, non-coded and no answer categories. According to the findings, it was seen that the scientific responses of the students in both groups increased. Computer-based instruction was found to be more effective in eliminating the misconceptions faced by students about climate, weather events and differences between climate and weather events compared to the courses taught in the program. In the results of the study, it was determined that the students in the experimental and control groups confused the concepts of climate and weather events before instruction and there was a decrease in the misconceptions after instruction. The misconception that climate and weather events were the same was resolved in both groups after instruction. It is suggested that more studies using different instruction methods for teaching these concepts will be conducted. Keywords: Climate, weather events, computer based instruction, middle school students

Grounded on personification storytelling, this intervention study introduced a science program including extensive astronomy concepts to 24 children (4–5 years). The storytelling attributes persona...

In January 2019, the US Department of Energy, Office of Science program in Advanced Scientific Computing Research, convened a workshop to identify priority research directions (PRDs) for in situ data management (ISDM). A fundamental finding of this workshop is that the methodologies used to manage data among a variety of tasks in situ can be used to facilitate scientific discovery from many different data sources—simulation, experiment, and sensors, for example—and that being able to do so at numerous computing scales will benefit real-time decision-making, design optimization, and data-driven scientific discovery. This article describes six PRDs identified by the workshop, which highlight the components and capabilities needed for ISDM to be successful for a wide variety of applications—making ISDM capabilities more pervasive, controllable, composable, and transparent, with a focus on greater coordination with the software stack and a diversity of fundamentally new data algorithms.

The Youth Enjoy Science (YES) Program at the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center is a National Cancer Institute (NCI) R25- funded training grant, designed to increase the pipeline of underrepresented minor­ity (URM) students entering college and pursuing biomedical research and health care careers in the Cleveland Metropolitan and surrounding school districts. The three components of the program include: Learn to Beat Cancer, engaging middle school students and their families; Research to Beat Cancer, designed for high school students and college undergraduates; and Teach to Beat Cancer, focused on enhancing science, technology, engineering, and mathemat­ics (STEM) teaching capacity among high school teachers. This study focuses on Research to Beat Cancer, which, in 2018 enrolled 36 URM students as paid sum­mer scholars. Students were assigned to a faculty mentor, were taught laboratory safety, responsible conduct of research and the scientific method, and then immersed in full-time laboratory cancer research during an eight-week period. Twice each week, students participated in Lunch and Learn Seminars where faculty members provided combined motivational and scientific guidance lectures. In a capstone poster session at the end of the program, students presented their research to peers, medical and graduate students, family members, faculty, community members and leaders. Students’ perceptions of the program were reported using descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analyses. Twenty-four of the 2018 YES students (67%) and 19 (53%) mentors completed the online post-program survey. Opportunity was a major qualitative theme from student and mentor responses. Future research will investigate the long-term impacts of YES, including college enrollment.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(1):15-24; doi:10.18865/ed.30.1.15

En el contexto de la formación inicial de maestros, se estudian los logros del programa en didáctica de las ciencias experimentales, incluyendo la utilidad que tiene para promover cambios docentes durante las prácticas escolares. Concretamente, hemos preguntado a los alumnos por los contenidos y actividades de formación del programa, sus ideas sobre la enseñanza de las ciencias en primaria y sobre lo que hacen cuando enseñan ciencias durante sus prácticas escolares. Para ello, utilizando dos cuestionarios, hemos recogido las opiniones de 131 alumnos de tercer curso del Grado de Educación Primaria al finalizar su formación en ciencias y sus prácticas escolares. Los resultados muestran una valoración muy positiva del programa en didáctica de ciencias, con un claro posicionamiento de los alumnos sobre la enseñanza de las ciencias en primaria coherente con sus presupuestos teóricos, aunque persisten algunas ideas propias del modelo transmisivo en sus planteamientos metodológicos, así como, escasa incidencia en las actuaciones docentes que llevan a cabo durante las prácticas escolares. En ese contexto, el modelo de enseñanza tradicional percibido por los futuros maestros en las aulas y su bajo nivel de autoeficacia para realizar prácticas docentes innovadoras, parecen dificultar la conexión entre los conocimientos académicos y la práctica profesional Within the context of the initial training of future teachers, the achievements of the program in Experimental Science teaching are assessed, including its usefulness to promote teaching changes during school practices. Specifically, students were asked about the contents and training activities of the program, their ideas about teaching science in Primary school and about what they do when they teach science during their school practices. For this purpose, the opinions of 131 future teachers who were in the 3rd. year of the Degree of Primary Education were collected by means of two questionnaires administrated at the end of their science training and school practices. Results show a very positive assessment of the Science teaching program. Future teachers maintain a clear position on Science education in Primary school consistent with the theoretical assumptions of Science program. On the other hand, the incidence of the teaching program in their teaching actions performed during school practices is scarce. In this context, the traditional teaching model perceived by future teachers in the classrooms, and their low level of self-efficacy to develop innovative teaching practices, seem to make it difficult to connect academic knowledge to professional practice

Background Heterozygous variants in CNTNAP2 have been implicated in a wide range of neurological phenotypes, including intellectual disability (ID), epilepsy, autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), and impaired language. However, heterozygous variants can also be found in unaffected individuals. Biallelic CNTNAP2 variants are rarer and cause a well-defined genetic syndrome known as CASPR2 deficiency disorder, a condition characterised by ID, early-onset refractory epilepsy, language impairment, and autistic features. Case-report A 7-year-old boy presented with hyperkinetic stereotyped movements that started during early infancy and persisted over childhood. Abnormal movements consisted of rhythmic and repetitive shaking of the four limbs, with evident stereotypic features. Additional clinical features included ID, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ASD, and speech impairment, consistent with CASPR2 deficiency disorder. Whole-genome array comparative genomic hybridization detected a maternally inherited 0.402 Mb duplication, which involved intron 1, exon 2, and intron 2 of CNTNAP2 (c.97 +?_209-?dup). The affected region in intron 1 contains a binding site for the transcription factor FOXP2, potentially leading to abnormal CNTNAP2 expression regulation. Sanger sequencing of the coding region of CNTNAP2 also identified a paternally-inherited missense variant c.2752C > T, p.(Leu918Phe). Conclusion This case expands the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of CASPR2 deficiency disorder, suggesting that Hyperkinetic stereotyped movements may be a rare, yet significant, clinical feature of this complex neurological disorder. Furthermore, the identification of an in-frame, largely non-coding duplication in CNTNAP2 points to a sophisticated underlying molecular mechanism, likely involving impaired FOXP2 binding.

Introduction The willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 among adolescents remains low. Peer-education about SARS-CoV-2 may positively influence attitudes to vaccinate among this group. Objective To assess the influence of peer-based educational intervention on the willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 among Polish high school students. Methods In the Polish Lubuskie province, a peer education campaign was introduced among final year high school students from 24 randomly selected schools. Before and after the 45-minute lecture, conducted online by 13 medical students in 51 classes with science and other programs, the willingness to vaccinate was checked using an anonymous questionnaire. The p-value was calculated with the use of chi-square and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Results Out of 883 students, 638 responded (72%); 268 males (42%), mean age: 18.4±0.6 years, 69% lived in cities with Conclusions Adolescents' willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 was alarmingly low, especially among females, students from small cities and attending the non-science program. Concise integrated teaching designed to address mistrust and knowledge deficiencies can be effective in improving the uptake. Key messages Research provide data about students’ attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and indicate the need for universal educational campaigns. Online education is an effective method which may substantially increase COVID-19 vaccination rate in Poland.

American University has a strong and robust data science program that features extensive training in the R programming language, machine learning, and statistics. Students who graduate from the pro...

The advent of technologies allowing the global analysis of biological phenomena, referred to as "omics" (genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, radiomics, and radiogenomics), has revolutionized the study of human diseases and traced the path for quantitative personalized medicine. The newly inaugurated Master of Science Program in Biomedical Omics of the University of Milan, Italy, aims at addressing the unmet need to create professionals with a broad understanding of omics disciplines. The course is structured over 2 years and admits students with a bachelor’s degree in biotechnology, biology, chemistry, or pharmaceutical sciences. All teaching activities are fully held in English. A total of nine students enrolled in the first academic year and attended the courses of radiomics, genomics and epigenomics, proteomics, and high-throughput screenings, and their feedback was evaluated by means of an online questionnaire. Faculty with different backgrounds were recruited according to the subject. Due to restrictions imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, laboratory activities were temporarily suspended, while lectures, journal clubs, and examinations were mainly held online. After the end of the first semester, despite the difficulties brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, the course overall met the expectations of the students, specifically regarding teaching effectiveness, interpersonal interactions with the lecturers, and courses organization. Future efforts will be undertaken to better calibrate the overall workload of the course and to implement the most relevant suggestions from the students together with omics science evolution in order to guarantee state-of-the-art omics teaching and to prepare future omics specialists.

How learning affects vocalizations is a key question in the study of animal communication and human language. Parallel efforts in birds and humans have taught us much about how vocal learning works on a behavioural and neurobiological level. Subsequent efforts have revealed a variety of cases among mammals in which experience also has a major influence on vocal repertoires. Janik and Slater ( Anim. Behav. 60 , 1–11. ( doi:10.1006/anbe.2000.1410 )) introduced the distinction between vocal usage and production learning, providing a general framework to categorize how different types of learning influence vocalizations. This idea was built on by Petkov and Jarvis ( Front. Evol. Neurosci. 4 , 12. ( doi:10.3389/fnevo.2012.00012 )) to emphasize a more continuous distribution between limited and more complex vocal production learners. Yet, with more studies providing empirical data, the limits of the initial frameworks become apparent. We build on these frameworks to refine the categorization of vocal learning in light of advances made since their publication and widespread agreement that vocal learning is not a binary trait. We propose a novel classification system, based on the definitions by Janik and Slater, that deconstructs vocal learning into key dimensions to aid in understanding the mechanisms involved in this complex behaviour. We consider how vocalizations can change without learning, and a usage learning framework that considers context specificity and timing. We identify dimensions of vocal production learning, including the copying of auditory models (convergence/divergence on model sounds, accuracy of copying), the degree of change (type and breadth of learning) and timing (when learning takes place, the length of time it takes and how long it is retained). We consider grey areas of classification and current mechanistic understanding of these behaviours. Our framework identifies research needs and will help to inform neurobiological and evolutionary studies endeavouring to uncover the multi-dimensional nature of vocal learning. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vocal learning in animals and humans’.

This paper presents the curriculum development of the Robotics and Intelligent Systems Bachelor of Science program at Jacobs University, one of the very few bachelor robotics-focused programs in Germany. After highlighting the quality management measures and feedback received on the older Intelligent Mobile Systems, the new curriculum is highlighted, together with implementation challenges linked to Covid19 pandemic. Student satisfaction plots will provide an initial assessment of the developed program.

We present the scientific program of the Spectr-M project aimed at the creation and operation of the Millimetron Space Observatory (MSO) planned for launch in the late 2020s. The unique technical capabilities of the observatory will enable broadband observations of astronomical objects from 50 μm to 10 mm wavelengths with a record sensitivity (up to ∼0.1 μJy) in the single-dish mode and with an unprecedented high angular resolution (∼0.1 μas) in the ground-space very long baseline interferometer (SVLBI) regime. The program addresses fundamental priority issues of astrophysics and physics in general that can be solved only with the MSO capabilities: 1) the study of physical processes in the early Universe up to redshifts z ∼ 2 106 through measuring μ-distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum, and investigation of the structure and evolution of the Universe at redshifts z

The mental models are internal representation possessed by students when learning a concept. This study is intended to explore students’ mental models on Heat and Temperature concept. This research was conducted on 11th grade students of Science program (N = 60) at one senior public school in Malang. Data were collected through open-ended questions and analyzed using the SSI method, which consisted of three levels of mental models. Based on the results, most of the students are still at the synthetic level. In addition, some differences of the students in visualizing the state of solid atoms during expansion, direction of heat conduction, and direction of heat convection. The future study is expected to explore the mental models of students in other topics of Physics education and make use of appropriate learning models to increase students’ mental models.

Analízase a situación da pradaría de Zostera nolteii do banco de marisqueo de bivalvos de Testal (Noia), mediante a investigación desenvolvida por escolares, coa dirección de científicos. A finalidade do programa de Ciencia Escolar de Climántica é contribuír ao coñecemento científico mediante a obtención de series de datos útiles para a realización de investigacións de interese a escala local. Neste caso, analizouse a relación existente entre as abundancias de bivalvos de interese comercial e a presenza da fanerógama Zostera nolteii co obxectivo de capacitar aos alumnos para facer ciencia sobre os impactos humanos sobre os servizos ecosistémicos máis relevantes da súa contorna. Con esta colaboración entre Ciencia e Escola, conseguiuse aumentar a competencia científica do alumnado, ao tempo que se realizaron transferencias bidireccionais ciencia – escola no eido da investigación e educación sobre o cambio global.A actividade que se describe neste traballo ten como obxectivo xeral coñecer a relación existente entre a diversidade de organismos animais do banco do Testal e a presenza e distribución espacial da fanerógama Zostera nolteii, para así entender o seu papel como xeradora de estructura no ecosistema intermareal de sustrato brando.

Hands-on learning is a highly effective teaching method for topics in STEM disciplines. Unfortunately, environmental science teachers sometimes lack the tools to engage their students in hands-on experimentation in real-world research outside of the classroom. Partnerships between science professionals and teachers can help address this disparity, and operating within an established community science program is an excellent way for teachers and professionals to provide K–12 students opportunities for involvement in real-world research. We developed a four-stage program that maximizes the benefits of bringing together members of the professional and academic sectors; the stages include Learn, Collect, Report, and Communicate (LCRC). The goal of this program is to bring science professionals into a K–12 classroom to emphasize the importance of conducting research using the scientific method, to promote responsible community science, improve students' data literacy and critical thinking skills, and highlight the relevance of science communication. We demonstrate this program with a case study using water quality research in high school AP classes. Evaluations of the case study indicate this framework, and the engagement with science professionals alters students' perceptions of science and scientists while giving them the skills, knowledge, and confidence to pursue scientific endeavors.

본 연구는 대학 교양교육의 융학과학 프로그램을 통한 이공계열 대학생들의 과학의 본성(NOS)에 대한 이해 및 융합인재소양(STEAM Literacy)에 대한 영향을 탐구하고자 수행 하였다. 수도권 소재 종합대학 이공계열 대학생들을 대상으로 개발된 다학문적 접근의 융합과학 프로그램을 온라인 교과목으로 처치하고 프로그램 전후 4가지 영역의 과학의 본성(NOS) 관련 설문조사(Lee, 2013) 및 융합인재소양(STEAM Literacy) 검사(Choi et al. , 2013)를 수행하여 사전-사후 비교 분석을 하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 융합과학 프로그램은 이공계열 대학생들의 과학의 본성(NOS) 이해에 효과적이었다(p < 0.01). 둘째, 과학의 본성(NOS)에 대한 이해에 이공계열 대학생들의 성별에 따른 차이는 없었으나, 전공에 따른 차이는 나타났다(p < 0.05). 셋째, 융합과학 프로그램은 이공계열 대학생들의 융합인재소양(STEAM Literacy) 중 융합 및 창의 영역의 향상을 나타났으나, 배려 영역은 오히려 유의미한 수준으로 감소가 나타났다(p < 0.01). 끝으로 융합과학 프로그램은 이공 계열 학생들의 전공에 따른 융합인재소양에는 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p < 0.05).

Microglia are a heterogeneous population whose identity and function are dictated by signals from their microenvironment. Kana et al. show CSF-1 signaling is critical for cerebellar microglial transcriptional identity and homeostasis, and that altering the CSF-1–CSF-1R axis leads to motor and behavioral defects., Microglia, the brain resident macrophages, critically shape forebrain neuronal circuits. However, their precise function in the cerebellum is unknown. Here we show that human and mouse cerebellar microglia express a unique molecular program distinct from forebrain microglia. Cerebellar microglial identity was driven by the CSF-1R ligand CSF-1, independently of the alternate CSF-1R ligand, IL-34. Accordingly, CSF-1 depletion from Nestin+ cells led to severe depletion and transcriptional alterations of cerebellar microglia, while microglia in the forebrain remained intact. Strikingly, CSF-1 deficiency and alteration of cerebellar microglia were associated with reduced Purkinje cells, altered neuronal function, and defects in motor learning and social novelty interactions. These findings reveal a novel CSF-1–CSF-1R signaling-mediated mechanism that contributes to motor function and social behavior.

The DST-NRF CoE-MaSS (South Africa), the ISP (International Science Program) and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa.

The study is to develop the science-based STEAM program for the free-year curriculum in middle school and then to implement and investigate the effectiveness of the program in the attitude towards science, STEAM literacy and the interest of career in STEM fields. The STEAM program was developed based on the topics in chemistry and biology related with the curriculum of elementary and middle school science. The program developed was implemented for the 59 students in middle school where is located in Yong-in city of Gyeonggi province for eight weeks. The pre-post test of survey about the attitude towards science, STEAM literacy, and the interest of career in STEM fields were conducted for the students to analyze the results of survey with SPSS statistic program. The results are followed. First, the middle school students’ attitude towards science was not changed significantly with the science-based STEAM program. Second, the program was effective for the domain of caring in STEAM literacies in statistically significant(p

Metabolic exchange mediates interactions among microbes, helping explain diversity in microbial communities. As these interactions often involve a fitness cost, it is unclear how stable cooperation can emerge. Here we use genome-scale metabolic models to investigate whether the release of “costless” metabolites (i.e. those that cause no fitness cost to the producer), can be a prominent driver of intermicrobial interactions. By performing over 2 million pairwise growth simulations of 24 species in a combinatorial assortment of environments, we identify a large space of metabolites that can be secreted without cost, thus generating ample cross-feeding opportunities. In addition to providing an atlas of putative interactions, we show that anoxic conditions can promote mutualisms by providing more opportunities for exchange of costless metabolites, resulting in an overrepresentation of stable ecological network motifs. These results may help identify interaction patterns in natural communities and inform the design of synthetic microbial consortia., In considering cross-feeding among microbes within communities, it is typically assumed that metabolic secretions are costly to produce. However, Pacheco et al. use metabolic models to show that ‘costless’ secretions could be common in some environments and important for structuring interactions among microbes.