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Advances in computational fluid dynamics, plus a late proof-of-principle flight, have made it possible for suppressing the sonic booms that occur when planes fly faster than the speed of sound thus making the prospect of an acceptably quiet sonic boom seem reachable.

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics to John Mather and George Smoot for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Mather and Smoot were the leading scientists of a large team that designed, built, and operated NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer, launched into a 900-km-high polar Earth orbit in November 1989.

Computer models of galaxy formation with collisionless cold dark matters are complicated by two problems, one that predicts an intragalactic mass distribution that are too peaked at the centers, and another, and the other which predicts too many small satellites surrounding large galaxies. It is evident from following the arguments on these problems that a typical dark matter particle in the inner precincts of a galaxy would suffer most one or two collisions every ten billion years.

This article discusses the cosmic microwave background as revealed by the Cosmic Background Imager installed in the Andean desert of northern Chile at an altitude of 5100 meters. Results reveal the primordial seeds of galaxy clusters and some support for the Big Bang theory.

KTeV and Fermilab Tevatron have announced the results on an experiment about the mechanism by which the decay of kaon mesons violates CP symmetry. An intense beam of 800 GeV protons was directed at a target to generate a profusion of different hadrons where neutral kaons are formed.

The SLAC's experiment failed to find any millicharges but were able to leave out a substantial part of the parameter plane, according to Alyssa Prinz, member of the research team. She added that they recorded nearly 300 mil machine pulses during 14 weeks of running.

Scientists have, on rare occasions, been able to detect massive compact halo objects more popularly known as substellar MACHOs. The successful discovery of MACHOs is attributed to the use of new technology of charge-coupled-device detectors for telescopes.

A research on integral quantum Hall effect as represented by filling Landau levels of quantized energies has been focused on fractionally filled states specifically on the 1/2 state. Experiments indicate a correlation on the theory and behavior of the 1/2 state.

CERN may make the final decision regarding the construction of the Large Haldron Collider (LHC) at the council's Dec 1992 meeting. The LHC will be run as a proton-proton collider with 8-TeV proton beams in the LEP electron-positron collider.

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize in Physics to Georges Charpak of France. Charpak invented particle detectors with multiwire proportional chambers.

The value of the Hubble constant was determined to be in the region of 55 km/sec-Mps by three new methods, primarily the Tully-Fisher method, based on supernovae observation. The constant indicates the speed of remote galaxies.

The joint Galium Experiment by the former Soviet Union and the US has produced a neutrino capture rate of approximately 63 plus of minus 16%. This value is considered insufficient to verify the current standard neutrino flux solar model.

HERA is a high-energy storage-ring collider designed to study collision between 820-GeV protons and 30-GeV electrons. The collider, which has a 314-GeV center-of-mass energy needed for momentum transfer in inelastic lepton scattering, can be used to analyze the gluon and quark structure of hadrons.

The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, an orbiting observatory, recorded 153 gamma bursts ending Oct 1991 through the Burst and Transient Source Experiment. The new data have been more confusing than enlightening.

A report about high-energy cosmic rays coming from active galactic nuclei, studied from the data accumulated by the ground-array detectors of The Pierre Auger observatory, is presented.

The XENON10 detector is used for finding the dark-matter WIMP, weakly interacting massive particles. The results of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) collaboration and the XENON collaboration are presented.

Two families of snakes, pit vipers and boids, are used to show that they employ pit organs near their eyes as rudimentary infrared imaging devices. The proximity, overlap and neural connections between the visual and infrared (IR) neural maps in the tectum have suggested that visual images are performing supervised teaching of the young snake's IR circuitry.

The short gamma-ray bursts (GRBSs) are caused by mergers of compact objects and were found in quite different surroundings, two of them appear to come from elliptical galaxies dominated by old stars and the other was pinpointed to a non-star forming neighborhood with an elderly spiral galaxy. The localization of three short GRBs holds out the hope that astrophysicists will confront their merger scenarios with many more burst in the near future.

Cherenkov telescopes are unambiguously identifying superior remnants starting with the Crab Nebula, as discrete sources of TeV gammas since 1980s. It is believed that the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) was the first of a new generation of Cherenkov telescope complexes that have the potential to image gamma sources.

The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) maps the full-sky at five different microwave frequencies. The measured 'acoustic' peak of the cosmic microwave background temperature-anisotropy power spectrum using WMAP method is precise. Data suggest that a slight falloff of power in the primordial fluctuation spectrum.

This article dwells upon the wrogful claim of Victor Ninov, a scientist of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, of discovering a superheavy element 118 and the laboratory administration's retraction of the paper published in 1999.

This article reports research from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory in Canada on the direct measurement of the total flux of neutrinos from the core of the Sun. Research reveals that about two-thirds of the highest-energy electron neutrinos are either muon neutrinos or tau neutrinos.

This article dwells on the effect of Sco-Cen supernovae events on the physical and biological landscape. It speculates that the Sco-Cen, 2 million years ago and away from earth by 120 light-years, may have damaged Earth's ozone layer to an extent so as to cause abrupt extinction of bivalve species.

New research into planktonic foraminifera from the late Cretaceous to the late Eocene is presented. It was concluded that the unexpectedly high 18O level of traditional samples is a misleading result of widespread recrystallization of the fossil shells in the substantially colder waters on the sea bed. Tropical temperatures during this time were at least as warm as they are today.

Issues are presented concerning the observations made by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory which have enabled astronomers to increase their knowledge of the origin of the Solar System. The X-ray flaring observed in Orion's Nebular Cluster is discussed.

Degree Angular Scale Interfereometer, a small microwave interferometer situated at the South Pole, has recorded a clear second acoustic peak of the fluctuation power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background. There is also strong evidence of a third peak. The height of the second peak produced a cosmic baryon density in very good agreement with the theory of primordial nucleosynthesis.

Research into CP violation by neutral B mesons is discussed.

Issues are presented concerning the use of the CERN Proton Synchrotron and the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron for the measurement of the anomolous magnetic moment the muon.

The Super-Kamiokande data disfavors sterile neutrinos as oscillation partners of neutrinos from cosmic-ray showers.

It is thought that if gravity leaks out into macroscopic extra dimensions, there may be departures from the inverse-square law at millimeter separations.

Issues concerning the analysis of cosmic microwave measurements which were obtained by the Boomerang Balloon in 1998 are presented. The discovery that the expansion of the universe is increasing in pace is discussed.

NASA aims to identify 90% of all near-Earth asteroids with diameters larger than 1 kilometer within the next 10 years.

The three dimensional map of the local interstellar cloud reported by Jeffrey Linsky, Seth Redfield and colleagues is discussed.

The award of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Ahmed Zewail, for studies into transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy is discussed.

Gravitational self-energy has been found to obey the equivalence principle to within a part in a thousand, according to laboratory-scale experiments.

The Hubble Space Telescope Key Project, which was launched in 1990 to measure the Hubble constant H0 to within 10%, has been successfully completed. The team that conducted the project reported a Hubble constant of 71 +/- km/(s Mpc).

Experiments have been conducted at MIT's Bates Linear Accelerator Center and at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory to measure parity-violating asymmetry in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons. The measurements would yield the Z-exchange form factors and G(super Z) of the proton.

A buried neutrino telescope located beneath the South Pole has been registering the interception of highly powerful energy neutrinos. The telescope, called Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) telescope, was created to detect and analyze point sources in and beyond the Earth's galaxy.

The Nobel Prize in Physics for 1998 was awarded to Laughlin, Stormer and Tsui for their contributions to the discovery and explanation of the fractional quantum Hall effect. The discovery was a theoretical conundrum if not for the explanation later supplied by Laughlin.

Researchers at the Akeno Giant AIr Shower Array in Japan have been detecting cosmic-ray energy spectrum beyond 10 electron volts raised to the twentieth power. The findings contradict the limits set by Kenneth Greisen on low-energy photons on cosmic energy spectrum in 1966.

Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Physics have devised a method of measuring 1S-2S atom transitions, which surpasses the accuracy of previous measurements by 10^13 parts. The method was determined by bombarding hydrogen beams by 243 nm photons in both directions.

The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and the Japanese high-energy laboratory KEK signed a memorandum of understanding to work together on the design of a TeV linear collider. The signing comes in the wake of the near completion of the planned Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator.