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1. The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder

Author

Faraone, Stephen V, Banaschewski, Tobias, Coghill, David, Zheng, Yi, Biederman, Joseph, Bellgrove, Mark A, Newcorn, Jeffrey H, Gignac, Martin, Al Saud, Nouf M, Manor, Iris, Rohde, Luis Augusto, Yang, Li, Cortese, Samuele, Almagor, Doron, Stein, Mark A, Albatti, Turki H, Aljoudi, Haya F, Alqahtani, Mohammed MJ, Asherson, Philip, Atwoli, Lukoye, Bölte, Sven, Buitelaar, Jan K, Crunelle, Cleo L, Daley, David, Dalsgaard, Søren, Döpfner, Manfred, Espinet, Stacey, Fitzgerald, Michael, Franke, Barbara, Gerlach, Manfred, Haavik, Jan, Hartman, Catharina A, Hartung, Cynthia M, Hinshaw, Stephen P, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hollis, Chris, Kollins, Scott H, Kooij, JJ Sandra, Kuntsi, Jonna, Larsson, Henrik, Li, Tingyu, Liu, Jing, Merzon, Eugene, Mattingly, Gregory, Mattos, Paulo, McCarthy, Suzanne, Mikami, Amori Yee, Molina, Brooke SG, Nigg, Joel T, Purper-Ouakil, Diane, Omigbodun, Olayinka O, Polanczyk, Guilherme V, Pollak, Yehuda, Poulton, Alison S, Rajkumar, Ravi Philip, Reding, Andrew, Reif, Andreas, Rubia, Katya, Rucklidge, Julia, Romanos, Marcel, Ramos-Quiroga, J Antoni, Schellekens, Arnt, Scheres, Anouk, Schoeman, Renata, Schweitzer, Julie B, Shah, Henal, Solanto, Mary V, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund, Soutullo, César, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Swanson, James M, Thapar, Anita, Tripp, Gail, van de Glind, Geurt, van den Brink, Wim, Van der Oord, Saskia, Venter, Andre, Vitiello, Benedetto, Walitza, Susanne, and Wang, Yufeng

Subjects
Epidemiology, Health Sciences, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Mental Health, Comparative Effectiveness Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Brain Disorders, Mental Illness, Mental health, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans, Network Meta-Analysis, Publication Bias, ADHD, Diagnosis, Treatment, Course, Outcome, Genetics, Brain, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Behavioral Science & Comparative Psychology, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BackgroundMisconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base.MethodsWe reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder.ResultsWe generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents.ConclusionsMany findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.

Published
2021

2. The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder

Author

Faraone, Stephen V., Banaschewski, Tobias, Coghill, David, Zheng, Yi, Biederman, Joseph, Bellgrove, Mark A., Newcorn, Jeffrey H., Gignac, Martin, Al Saud, Nouf M., Manor, Iris, Rohde, Luis Augusto, Yang, Li, Cortese, Samuele, Almagor, Doron, Stein, Mark A., Albatti, Turki H., Aljoudi, Haya F., Alqahtani, Mohammed M.J., Asherson, Philip, Atwoli, Lukoye, Bölte, Sven, Buitelaar, Jan K., Crunelle, Cleo L., Daley, David, Dalsgaard, Søren, Döpfner, Manfred, Espinet (on behalf of CADDRA), Stacey, Fitzgerald, Michael, Franke, Barbara, Gerlach, Manfred, Haavik, Jan, Hartman, Catharina A., Hartung, Cynthia M., Hinshaw, Stephen P., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hollis, Chris, Kollins, Scott H., Sandra Kooij, J.J., Kuntsi, Jonna, Larsson, Henrik, Li, Tingyu, Liu, Jing, Merzon, Eugene, Mattingly, Gregory, Mattos, Paulo, McCarthy, Suzanne, Mikami, Amori Yee, Molina, Brooke S.G., Nigg, Joel T., Purper-Ouakil, Diane, Omigbodun, Olayinka O., Polanczyk, Guilherme V., Pollak, Yehuda, Poulton, Alison S., Rajkumar, Ravi Philip, Reding, Andrew, Reif, Andreas, Rubia, Katya, Rucklidge, Julia, Romanos, Marcel, Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni, Schellekens, Arnt, Scheres, Anouk, Schoeman, Renata, Schweitzer, Julie B., Shah, Henal, Solanto, Mary V., Sonuga-Barke, Edmund, Soutullo, César, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Swanson, James M., Thapar, Anita, Tripp, Gail, van de Glind, Geurt, van den Brink, Wim, Van der Oord, Saskia, Venter, Andre, Vitiello, Benedetto, Walitza, Susanne, and Wang, Yufeng

Published
2021
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11. Burnout in emergency department staff: The prevalence and barriers to intervention.

Author

Naidoo, Reshen and Schoeman, Renata

Subjects
*MASLACH Burnout Inventory, *PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout, *HOSPITAL emergency services, *COVID-19, *CONVENIENCE sampling (Statistics), *VIOLENCE in the workplace, *INFERENTIAL statistics
Abstract

Background: Burnout impacts patient care and staff well-being. Emergency department (ED) staff are at an elevated risk for burnout. Despite an acceleration in burnout research due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is limited data on the nature and prevalence of burnout in the South African emergency medicine setting. Aim: This study determined the prevalence of burnout in ED staff (doctors, nurses and non-clinical staff) at Tygerberg Hospital and explored staff awareness and utilisation of interventions. Setting: The study was conducted at Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the Maslach Burnout Inventory to assess burnout via a self-administered electronic survey in a convenience sample of 109 ED staff. Quantitative data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: A total of 46 participants (45.10%) experienced burnout, with 73 participants (71.57%) at high risk for emotional exhaustion or depersonalisation. The prevalence of burnout in doctors was 57.89%, non-clinical staff was 25.93%, and nursing staff was 50.00%. Burnout was higher in doctors and nursing staff compared to non-clinical staff, with high emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation found in interns and specialist professional nurses. The level of intervention awareness was 41.8% and the level of intervention utilisation was 8.82%. Thematic analysis identified awareness, accessibility and reactive utilisation as barriers to utilisation with opportunities to reduce burnout and enhance resilience. Conclusion: Coordinated health system and organisational efforts are required to optimise intervention strategies to reduce burnout. Contribution: Guidance on the design and planning of intervention strategies considering at risk groups, intervention-related factors, and non-clinical staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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12. The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder

Author

Faraone, Stephen, V, Banaschewski, Tobias, Coghill, David, Zheng, Yi, Biederman, Joseph, Bellgrove, Mark A., Newcorn, Jeffrey H., Gignac, Martin, Al Saud, Nouf M., Manor, Iris, Rohde, Luis Augusto, Yang, Li, Cortese, Samuele, Almagor, Doron, Stein, Mark A., Albatti, Turki H., Aljoudi, Haya F., Alqahtani, Mohammed M. J., Asherson, Philip, Atwoli, Lukoye, Bolte, Sven, Buitelaar, Jan K., Crunelle, Cleo L., Daley, David, Dalsgaard, Soren, Doepfner, Manfred, Espinet, Stacey, Fitzgerald, Michael, Franke, Barbara, Gerlach, Manfred, Haavik, Jan, Hartman, Catharina A., Hartung, Cynthia M., Hinshaw, Stephen P., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hollis, Chris, Kollins, Scott H., Kooij, J. J. Sandra, Kuntsi, Jonna, Larsson, Henrik, Li, Tingyu, Liu, Jing, Merzon, Eugene, Mattingly, Gregory, Mattos, Paulo, McCarthy, Suzanne, Mikami, Amori Yee, Molina, Brooke S. G., Nigg, Joel T., Purper-Ouakil, Diane, Omigbodun, Olayinka O., Polanczyk, Guilherme, V, Pollak, Yehuda, Poulton, Alison S., Rajkumar, Ravi Philip, Reding, Andrew, Reif, Andreas, Rubia, Katya, Rucklidge, Julia, Romanos, Marcel, Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni, Schellekens, Arnt, Scheres, Anouk, Schoeman, Renata, Schweitzer, Julie B., Shah, Henal, Solanto, Mary, V, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund, Soutullo, Cesar, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Swanson, James M., Thapar, Anita, Tripp, Gail, van de Glind, Geurt, van den Brink, Wim, Van der Oord, Saskia, Venter, Andre, Vitiello, Benedetto, Walitza, Susanne, Wang, Yufeng, Faraone, Stephen, V, Banaschewski, Tobias, Coghill, David, Zheng, Yi, Biederman, Joseph, Bellgrove, Mark A., Newcorn, Jeffrey H., Gignac, Martin, Al Saud, Nouf M., Manor, Iris, Rohde, Luis Augusto, Yang, Li, Cortese, Samuele, Almagor, Doron, Stein, Mark A., Albatti, Turki H., Aljoudi, Haya F., Alqahtani, Mohammed M. J., Asherson, Philip, Atwoli, Lukoye, Bolte, Sven, Buitelaar, Jan K., Crunelle, Cleo L., Daley, David, Dalsgaard, Soren, Doepfner, Manfred, Espinet, Stacey, Fitzgerald, Michael, Franke, Barbara, Gerlach, Manfred, Haavik, Jan, Hartman, Catharina A., Hartung, Cynthia M., Hinshaw, Stephen P., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hollis, Chris, Kollins, Scott H., Kooij, J. J. Sandra, Kuntsi, Jonna, Larsson, Henrik, Li, Tingyu, Liu, Jing, Merzon, Eugene, Mattingly, Gregory, Mattos, Paulo, McCarthy, Suzanne, Mikami, Amori Yee, Molina, Brooke S. G., Nigg, Joel T., Purper-Ouakil, Diane, Omigbodun, Olayinka O., Polanczyk, Guilherme, V, Pollak, Yehuda, Poulton, Alison S., Rajkumar, Ravi Philip, Reding, Andrew, Reif, Andreas, Rubia, Katya, Rucklidge, Julia, Romanos, Marcel, Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni, Schellekens, Arnt, Scheres, Anouk, Schoeman, Renata, Schweitzer, Julie B., Shah, Henal, Solanto, Mary, V, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund, Soutullo, Cesar, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Swanson, James M., Thapar, Anita, Tripp, Gail, van de Glind, Geurt, van den Brink, Wim, Van der Oord, Saskia, Venter, Andre, Vitiello, Benedetto, Walitza, Susanne, and Wang, Yufeng

Abstract

Background: Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and pre-vent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base. Methods: We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder. Results: We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents. Conclusions: Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.

Published
2021

13. The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 evidence-based conclusions about the disorder

Author

CADDRA, Faraone, Stephen V., Banaschewski, Tobias, Coghill, David, Zheng, Yi, Biederman, Joseph, Bellgrove, Mark A., Newcorn, Jeffrey H., Gignac, Martin, Al Saud, Nouf M., Manor, Iris, Rohde, Luis Augusto, Yang, Li, Cortese, Samuele, Almagor, Doron, Stein, Mark A., Albatti, Turki H., Aljoudi, Haya F., Alqahtani, Mohammed M.J., Asherson, Philip, Atwoli, Lukoye, Bölte, Sven, Buitelaar, Jan K., Crunelle, Cleo L., Daley, David, Dalsgaard, Søren, Döpfner, Manfred, Espinet, Stacey, Fitzgerald, Michael, Franke, Barbara, Gerlach, Manfred, Haavik, Jan, Hartman, Catharina A., Hartung, Cynthia M., Hinshaw, Stephen P., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hollis, Chris, Kollins, Scott H., Kooij, Johanna Jacoba Sandra, Kuntsi, Jonna, Larsson, Henrik, Li, Tingyu, Liu, Jing, Merzon, Eugene, Mattingly, Gregory, Mattos, Paulo, McCarthy, Suzanne, Mikami, Amori Yee, Molina, Brooke S.G., Nigg, Joel T., Purper-Ouakil, Diane, Omigbodun, Olayinka O., Polanczyk, Guilherme V., Pollak, Yehuda, Poulton, Alison S., Reif, Andreas, Rajkumar, Ravi Philip, Rubia, Katya, Reding, Andrew, Rucklidge, Julia, Romanos, Marcel, Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni, Schellekens, Arnt, Scheres, Anouk, Schoeman, Renata, Schweitzer, Julie B., Shah, Henal, Solanto, Mary V., Sonuga-Barke, Edmund, Soutullo, César, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Swanson, James M., Thapar, Anita, Tripp, Gail, Glind, Geurt van de, Brink, Wim van den, Oord, Saskia van der, Venter, Andre, Vitiello, Benedetto, Walitza, Susanne, Wang, Yufeng, CADDRA, Faraone, Stephen V., Banaschewski, Tobias, Coghill, David, Zheng, Yi, Biederman, Joseph, Bellgrove, Mark A., Newcorn, Jeffrey H., Gignac, Martin, Al Saud, Nouf M., Manor, Iris, Rohde, Luis Augusto, Yang, Li, Cortese, Samuele, Almagor, Doron, Stein, Mark A., Albatti, Turki H., Aljoudi, Haya F., Alqahtani, Mohammed M.J., Asherson, Philip, Atwoli, Lukoye, Bölte, Sven, Buitelaar, Jan K., Crunelle, Cleo L., Daley, David, Dalsgaard, Søren, Döpfner, Manfred, Espinet, Stacey, Fitzgerald, Michael, Franke, Barbara, Gerlach, Manfred, Haavik, Jan, Hartman, Catharina A., Hartung, Cynthia M., Hinshaw, Stephen P., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hollis, Chris, Kollins, Scott H., Kooij, Johanna Jacoba Sandra, Kuntsi, Jonna, Larsson, Henrik, Li, Tingyu, Liu, Jing, Merzon, Eugene, Mattingly, Gregory, Mattos, Paulo, McCarthy, Suzanne, Mikami, Amori Yee, Molina, Brooke S.G., Nigg, Joel T., Purper-Ouakil, Diane, Omigbodun, Olayinka O., Polanczyk, Guilherme V., Pollak, Yehuda, Poulton, Alison S., Reif, Andreas, Rajkumar, Ravi Philip, Rubia, Katya, Reding, Andrew, Rucklidge, Julia, Romanos, Marcel, Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni, Schellekens, Arnt, Scheres, Anouk, Schoeman, Renata, Schweitzer, Julie B., Shah, Henal, Solanto, Mary V., Sonuga-Barke, Edmund, Soutullo, César, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Swanson, James M., Thapar, Anita, Tripp, Gail, Glind, Geurt van de, Brink, Wim van den, Oord, Saskia van der, Venter, Andre, Vitiello, Benedetto, Walitza, Susanne, and Wang, Yufeng

Abstract

Background: Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base. Methods: We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder. Results: We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents. Conclusions: Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.

Published
2021

14. Summary of the 1st Schizophrenia International Research Society Conference oral sessions, Venice, Italy, June 21–25, 2008: The rapporteur reports

Author

Abubaker, Roohi, Alaerts, Maaike, Allman, Ava-Ann, Barnett, Jennifer, Belujon, Pauline, Bittner, Robert A., Burne, Thomas H.J., Cahn, Wiepke, Chance, Steven, Cherkerzian, Sara, deSouza, Renan, Di Forti, Marta, du Bois, Teresa, Fatjó-Vilas, Mar, Green, Melissa, Halpern, Demian, John, John P., Kemp, Aaron, Koelkebeck, Katja, Lee, Jimmy, Lodge, Daniel J., Michalopoulou, Panayiota, Mompremier, LaNina, Nelson, Barnaby, Perälä, Jonna, Rotarska-Jagiela, Anna, Schoeman, Renata, Thakkar, Katharine N., Valuri, Giuletta, Varambally, Shivarama, Zai, Clement, and DeLisi, Lynn E.

Published
2008
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20. Pragmatic assessment of schizophrenic bilinguals’ L1 and L2 use

Author

Theron, Janina, Conradie, Simone, and Schoeman, Renata

Abstract

This paper reports on a study investigating the pragmatic skills and deficits of schizophrenic bilinguals in their spontaneous first language (L1) and second language (L2) speech. Smit (2009) (see also Smit et al., this volume) argues that the locus of deficits in schizophrenic speech is semantics and suggests that a next step would be to investigate the pragmatic skills of schizophrenic bilinguals, given the close relationship between semantics and pragmatics. The study reported here followed up on Smit’s suggestion and employed Prutting and Kirchner’s (1987) Pragmatic Protocol to pragmatically assess the spontaneous L1 Afrikaans and L2 English use of four schizophrenic bilinguals who exhibited differential symptomatology, that is presented with different symptoms, as well as a difference in the severity thereof, when assessed in their L1 than when assessed in their L2. On the basis of the results of the assessment we conclude that such pragmatic assessment (i) provides insight into the nature of schizophrenic speech but (ii) does not provide insight into the phenomenon of differential symptomatology.Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 2011, 29(4): 515–531

Published
2012

21. A grammatical analysis of the spontaneous L2 English use of schizophrenic bilinguals compared to typical bilinguals

Author

Smit, Mathilda, Conradie, Simone, and Schoeman, Renata

Abstract

The study reported in this paper aimed to investigate whether the grammatical errors made by schizophrenic bilinguals in their spontaneous second language (L2) use are typical L2 learner errors, as reported previously. Southwood et al. (2009) report on a case study of a schizophrenic patient who expressed a preference for his L2 when he started presenting with psychotic symptoms. Southwoodet al. (2009) note that the majority of the grammatical errors made by this patient in his spontaneous L2 use are typical of L2 learner language use. To determine whether the grammatical errors made by schizophrenics are similar to or different from those made by typical L2 English speakers, we employed Morice and Ingram’s (1982) assessment tool for the grammatical analysis of the spontaneous L2 speech of four schizophrenics and four (non-psychotic) controls who were matched to the schizophrenics in terms of age, gender and first language (L1) and L2 dialects. Following a comparison of the types and frequency of the two groups’ phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic errors, it was found that the two groups differed significantly only in terms of their semantic errors. It is, therefore, concluded that semantics is the locus of language-related problems in schizophrenia.Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 2011, 29(4): 505–513

Published
2012

29. The use of neuropsychological assessment in the diagnosis of cerebral lesions

Author

Schoeman, Renata, Louw, D. A., Schoeman, Renata, and Louw, D. A.

Abstract

Englishs: Certain authors emphasise that, as neuro-imaging techniques seem to be significantly superior, psychological assessment techniques have no place in neurological assessment, and that the reliability and validity of these techniques, regarding the presence and localisation of cerebral damage, are questionable. The purpose of the study was to determine the relative effectiveness of neuropsychological assessment in the diagnosis and localisation of cerebral lesions, compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An availability sample of patients was taken from patients whom neurologists and neurosurgeons had seen and who had either a normal MRI or a MRI with localised lesions. They were then assessed by means of the South African Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the Folstein's Mini Mental State Examination, the Bender Gestalt Test, and the Grassi Block Substitution Test. The test results were interpreted blindly. The findings are discussed, shortcomings of the study mentioned and recommendations made. Neuropsychology; neuro-imaging; cerebral lesions; diagnosis; presence; lesion localization; South African Wechsler Intelligence Scale; Folstein's Mini Mental State Examination; Bender Gestalt Test; Grassi Block Substitution Test, Afrikaans: Sekere outeurs beklemtoon die superioriteit van radiologiese beeldingstegnieke bo dié van sielkundige toetse in die neurologiese evaluasie van pasiënte. Die betroubaarheid en geldigheid van sielkundige toetse rakende die diagnosering en lokalisering van breinskade word ook bevraagteken. Die doel van hierdie verkennende studie was om die effektiwiteit van neurosielkundige assessering in die diagnose en lokalisering van breinletsels met dié van die MR te vergelyk. 'n Beskikbaarheidsteekproef is getrek van pasiënte met óf 'n normale MR óf 'n MR wat dui op gelokaliseerde breinletsels. Die proefpersone is evalueer met die Suid-Afrikaanse Wechsler Intelligensieskaal vir Volwassenes, die Folstein Mini Mental State Examination, die Bender Gestaltfoets en die Grassi Blokvervangingstoets. Die toetsresultate is blind geïnterpreteer. Die bevindinge word bespreek, tekortkominge van die studie word aangetoon en aanbevelings word gemaak. Neurosielkunde; neurologiese beelding; breinletsels; diagnose; teenwoordigheid; letsel lokalisering; Suid-Afrikaanse Wechsler Intelligensie Skaal; Folstein Mini Mental State Examination; Bender Gestaltfoets; Grassi Blokvervangingstoets., National Research Foundation (NRF)

Published
2002

32. Corrigendum to “Summary of the 1st Schizophrenia International Research Society Conference oral sessions, Venice, Italy, June 21–25, 2008: The rapporteur reports”

Author

Abubaker, Roohi, primary, Alaerts, Maaike, additional, Allman, Ava-Ann, additional, Barnett, Jennifer, additional, Belujon, Pauline, additional, Bittner, Robert A., additional, Burne, Thomas H.J., additional, Cahn, Wiepke, additional, Chance, Steven, additional, Cherkerzian, Sara, additional, deSouza, Renan, additional, Di Forti, Marta, additional, du Bois, Teresa, additional, Fatjó-Vilas, Mar, additional, Green, Melissa, additional, Halperin, Demian, additional, John, John P., additional, Kemp, Aaron, additional, Koelkebeck, Katja, additional, Lee, Jimmy, additional, Lodge, Daniel J., additional, Michalopoulou, Panayiota, additional, Mompremier, LaNina, additional, Nelson, Barnaby, additional, Perälä, Jonna, additional, Rotarska-Jagiela, Anna, additional, Schoeman, Renata, additional, Thakkar, Katharine N., additional, Valuri, Giuletta, additional, Varambally, Shivarama, additional, Zai, Clement, additional, and DeLisi, Lynn E., additional

Published
2009
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38. Scheduling of methylphenidate: Preventing misuse or impeding ADHD treatment adherence?

Author

Schoeman R and Weinberg S

Abstract

Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, with a chronic, and potentially debilitating course if untreated. Medication adherence is poor - negatively affecting emotional, social, educational and employment outcomes. The current Schedule 6 status of methylphenidate (MPH) drives healthcare resource utilisation and costs - a potential barrier to care., Aim: This study explored stakeholders' understanding and perceptions of the potential impact of a regulatory shift in the scheduling of MPH on treatment accessibility and adherence for ADHD., Setting: Participants from multiple stakeholder groups, involved in ADHD management in South Africa, were recruited via professional networks., Methods: A qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with 23 stakeholders was conducted to explore their views on the utility, benefits and risks associated with rescheduling MPH., Results: Six key themes emerged from the interviews: 'adherence', 'accessibility', 'affordability', 'stigma', 'rescheduling of MPH' and 'risk mitigation'. Core to these themes is the role of the scheduling of MPH - which can have a protective societal role, but also acts as a barrier to care for individuals with ADHD., Conclusion: The current Schedule 6 status of MPH is not an effective strategy to prevent misuse and diversion but negatively impacts on treatment adherence. The positive outlook from stakeholders on rescheduling MPH holds significant implications for the ADHD landscape in South Africa., Contribution: It is crucial to address stigma, facilitate fundamental change in service delivery and remove structural and practical barriers to care to improve outcomes for individuals with ADHD. A framework for ADHD treatment adherence is provided., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationship(s) that may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article., (© 2024. The Authors.)

Published
2024
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40. Radiologists' experiences and perceptions regarding the use of teleradiology in South Africa.

Author

Schoeman R and Haines M

Abstract

Background: Teleradiology was implemented in South Africa in 1999, but the subsequent uptake was low and slow. The onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic catapulted South African healthcare into the arena of teleradiology. This created the environment for re-examining the factors that enable or inhibit the uptake of teleradiology in both the public and private sectors., Objectives: This article reports on a study of a select sample of private and public sector radiologists' experiences with, and perceptions of, the benefits, opportunities, challenges and barriers to the implementation of teleradiology in the South African context., Method: Qualitative data on the perceived benefits and challenges of teleradiology, as well as on its enablers and the barriers to its implementation, were collected and analysed., Results: The uptake of teleradiology in the sample increased by 15.9% during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results demonstrated that teleradiology was perceived to have clear benefits on operational, personal and societal levels., Conclusion: It is important to address structural barriers to the implementation of teleradiology. Clear communication strategies and multistakeholder engagement are also required., Contribution: By investigating radiologists' experience with teleradiology, this study provides an understanding of the benefits, opportunities, challenges and barriers to implementation of services. These insights enable informed decision-making and stakeholder engagement and provide a foundation for establishing recommendations for the viable implementation of teleradiology in South Africa and other lower- and middle-income countries to promote access to healthcare., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships that may have inappropriately influenced them in writing the article., (© 2023. The Authors.)

Published
2023
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