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Utilizing DFT along with Boltzmann transport theory, the structural, elastic, electrical, optical, and thermoelectric properties of half‐Heusler compound RhTiP have been calculated in principle to examine the pressure effect in the range of 0–40 GPa. As pressure increases, the volume and normalized lattice parameter decreased. In addition to satisfying the Born stability criterion, which ensured the compound RhTiP "natural stability," the zero pressure elastic constants and the pressure‐dependent elastic constants are positive up to 40 GPa. The band structure computations guarantee the semiconductor nature of RhTiP, as demonstrated by the presence of electronic band gap of 1.035 eV at zero pressure. Using the Voigt‐Reuss‐Hill (VRH) averaging scheme under pressure, we have determined the values of this compound's bulk modulus B$$ B $$, shear modulus G$$ G $$, Young's modulus E$$ E $$, Pugh ratio B/G$$ B/G $$, Poisson's ratio v$$ v $$, and anisotropy factor A$$ A $$. Because the bulk modulus responds linearly to pressure, the material's hardness increases as pressure rises. Additionally, under pressures up to 40 GPa, the optical characteristics of RhTiP, including their reflectivity, absorptivity, conductivity, dielectric constant, refractive index, and loss function, were assessed and discussed. Furthermore, the thermoelectric properties are also studied for the materials and supports the tunning of pressure. This study provides a gateway to how the optoelectronic and transport properties of cubic RhTiP could be tuned by employing external pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information-theoretic measures play a vital role in training learning systems. Many researchers proposed non-parametric entropy estimators that have applications in adaptive systems. In this work, a kernel density estimator using Kapur entropy of order a and type ß has been proposed and discussed with the help of theorems and properties. From the results, it has been observed that the proposed density measure is consistent, minimum, and smooth for the probability density function (PDF) underlying given conditions and validated with the help of theorems and properties. The objective of the paper is to understand the theoretical viewpoint behind the underlying concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FOPID)controller has replaced the classical PID controller used in industries for process control application. FOPID is less sensitive to the change of control parameters than PID Controller, due to which better results are obtained. The FOPID provides a robust and stable system for a higher-order system as of iso- damping property. This study aims to find a stable and controlled structure by tuning the FOPID controller with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, fuzzy-based logic approach, and Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The tuning of FOPID is done to overcome deficits of PID controller using the different types of optimization method to overcome large overshoot and large settling time. This paper presented useful techniques based on PSO, fuzzy logic, and ANFIS to optimize FOPID controlled high-performance drilling machines. On the analysis and comparisons of simulation findings, it is observed that the FOPID-PSO approach provides better performance over the Ziegler-Nichols (ZN)-FOPID and the above-mentioned intelligent techniques in terms of less settling time (ts=0.823sec.) & optimized peak overshoot (Mp=2.44%) for the mentioned target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this paper, a four layer model of the simultaneous and coaxial flow of moist air, mucus, mixture of mucin and periciliary liquid and serous fluid (assumed to be incompressible and Newtonian fluids) in a circular tube under time dependent pressure gradient representing prolonged cough is analyzed to study the mucus transport in an airway in the presence of prolonged cough. It is assumed that air and mucus flow under quasi steady state turbulent conditions while the mixture of mucin and periciliary liquid and serous layer surrounding mixture layer flows under unsteady laminar condition in presence of immotile cilia carpet. Result: It is shown that the mucus transport increases as the viscosity of serous fluid decreases. Also the mixture and serous fluid flow rates increase as the viscosity of serous fluid decreases. It is also observed that the effect of resistance to flow by serous fluid in the cilia bed is to decrease flow rates. The flow rates of mucus and mixture of mucin and periciliary fluid increase as the viscosity of mixture decreases also air and mixture of mucus and periciliary fluid flow rates increase as the thickness of mixture increases. Conclusion: As the thickness of mucus increases its flow rate increases on the other hand the mixture flow rate, mucus and serous fluid flow rate decreases with the increase of the mixture thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) intervenes essential pro-inflammatory functions in asthma including enlistment of the IgE isotype switch, expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), advancement of eosinophil transmigration crosswise over endothelium, mucus secretion and differentiation of T helper type 2 lymphocytes leading to cytokine release. Asthma is a complex hereditary confusion that has been connected to polymorphisms in theIL-4 gene promoter and proteins involved in IL-4 signaling. Soluble recombinant IL-4 receptor needs transmembrane and cytoplasmic initiating spaces and can in this manner sequester IL-4 without interceding cell actuation. We report the consequences of beginning clinical preliminaries, which show clinical viability of this normally happening IL-4 rival as a remedial specialist in asthma. In asthmatic case lower number of physical dynamic people was viewed when contrasted with control (41.57% Vs 53.33 %) a noteworthy relationship of physical movement was seen (Chi square esteem 5.524, df-1 and P esteem 0.0188). Bidi and cigarette smokers were incorporated as smoking populace. The information shows the level of smokers was not particularly extraordinary between both in the event that and control populace (25.79% Vs 22.38%) and no noteworthy contrast was seen. Information from polymorphic screening, Non-huge dimension of progress has been seen in dispersion of IL-4 genotypes in Healthy Control (HC) amass when contrasted with asthmatic patients gathering in spite of the fact that HC group indicated little increment in like manner 'B1/B1' genotype when contrasted with Patients of asthma(5.62% versus 5.3% individually) yet contrast was difference was nominal and statistically non- significant. Likewise, 'B2/B2' genotype was available at lesser recurrence in asthmatic patients aggregate 51.9% and furthermore in charge gather 54.2%. The general genotype was measurably non-significant (χ2 =0.1918, P=0.9086) however 'B1/B1' genotype recurrence was higher in control gathering and might be defensive in our populace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. It has been noticed that the occurrence of asthma has been increased dramatically. It affects both children and adults. Asthma is caused by multiple interacting genes, some having a protective effect and others contributing to the disease pathogenesis, Interleukin 1 beta which is an pro inflammatory cytokine has been seen associated with asthma by adhesion to vascular endothelium increase, growth factor for Th2 cells, B-cell growth factor, neutrophils chemo attractant, T cell and epithelial cell activation, eosinophil accumulation. On the basis of studies we can observe the association of interleukin 1 beta with asthma The patients and controls were from same age group with a male to female ratio 52:48. We have selected 160 asthmatic patients and 190 healthy population. As expected the asthmatic patients had differences in allelic variations of interleukin 1 beta gene as compared to healthy population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All ecofriendly alternative to chemical pesticides is biopesticides, which encompasses a broad array of microbial pesticides, biochemicals derived from micro-organisms and other natural sources, and processes involving the genetic incorporation of DNA into agricultural commodities that confer protection against pest damage. The field studies were carried out for effectiveness of insecticides and biopesticides against White backed Plant Hopper on rice in rewa region. Study of insect pest complex was done from 2006-07 to 2007- 08. The observations were made regarding the grain yield monocrotophos was the most efficient insecticide where as among biopescides wanis was the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field studies were carried out for performance of local, improved and hybrid varieties of rice in rewa region. Study of performance was done from 2007 to 2008. To study the incidence of various pests 16 rice cultivars five were local cultivars namely Dehula, Newari, Bhataphool, Loachai & Lohindi & six were improved varieties viz Pusabasmati, IR-36, IR-64, Vandana, IR-20 & Pusa Sugandha and five were hybrid varieties i.e. PA-6201, KRH-2, PRH-10, JRH-4 & JRH-5. The observations were made regarding the plant height, number of tillers, number of primary and secondary panicle, maturity days and grain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entire world is facing the problem of vector borne diseases, which are one of the leading causes of deaths in developing countries. This is not because of any lapse or failure of disease control operations but due to enormous population growth of various types of vectors, among which mosquitoes are playing a major role. Their control is a difficult task due to a variety of factors including the development of insecticide resistance in the insects and environmental pollution. No doubt, the chemical insecticides will be continuously used for mosquito control but a cheap, less harmful and eco-friendly alternative is badly needed. The chemicals derived from plants, have been projected as weapons in future mosquito control programs. They act as general toxicants, growth inhibitors, reproduction inhibitors, repellents and oviposition deterrents. So far, more than thousand plants have been searched for biopesticides, not only to control the vectors, but also other pests of agricultural importance. Plants have evolved a variety of secondary metabolic compounds, some of them for providing protection from phytophagous insects. Flavonoids are phenolic secondary metabolites found in a wide range of plant tissues, possessing a common aromatic ring, bearing one or more hydroxyl substituents. Flavonoids are most commonly known for their antioxidant activity. In the present piece of research work it was observed that the flavonoid extract of Sphaeranthus indicus proved to be a very effective mosquito larvicide and can provide eco-friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides. The findings suggest that plant extracted bio-pesticides may play a major role in designing an integrated vector control program in near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing industrialization and motorization of the world has led to step rise for the demand of petroleum based fuels. Petroleum based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. These finite reserves are highly concentrated in certain regions of the world. So the scarity of known petroleum reserves will make renewable energy resources more attractive. The most feasible way to meet this growing demand is by utilizing alternative fuels. Biodiesel is defined as the monoalkyl esters of vegetable oils or animals fats. Biodiesel is the best candidates for diesel fuels in diesel engines. The biggest advantage that biodiesel has over gasoline and petroleum diesel is its environmental friendliness. Biodiesel probably has better efficiency than gasoline. Biodiesel is now mainly being produced from oils like soybean, rapeseed, palm oils and also from non edible oils obtained from plant species such as Jatropha curcas (Ratanjot), Pangamia pinnata (Karanj), Chlorophytum inophyllum (Nagchampta) etc. Vegetable oils have to undergo the process of transesterification to be usable in internal combustion engines. Transesterification is the reaction of a fat or oil with an alcohol to form esters and glycerols.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation is a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals help protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses. In some diseases, however, the body's defense system (immune system) triggers an inflammatory response when there are no foreign substances to fight off. Ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum serratum Linn., leaves were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. Extract did not show any signs of toxicity at the dose of 1000 mg/kg per organism (p.o.). From the acute toxicity test we selected two doses (50 and 100mg/kg) for subsequent pharmacological study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chromosome aberration test using cultured mammalian cells is one of the sensitive methods to predict environmental mutagens and/or carcinogens, From our recent survey of 951 chemicals which have been tested for their clastogenicity in cultured mammalian cells such as Chinese hamster fibroblasts or human lymphocytes, it was noted that 47% of them are consistently positive either with or without metabolic activation. Environmental exposures can result in increased mutation rate, and the increased is the mutation rate in the target cells the higher is the cancer risk. The first event in the multistep carcinogenesis (i.e., the initiation) is a mutagenesis requiring cell proliferation in the target cells. Melatonin, a secretory product of the pineal gland in human brain, has been reported to participate in the regulation of a number of important physiological and pathological processes. The importance of the environmental harmful effects in the worldwide increase of cancer incidence is established. The present investigation was carried to find out cellular effects of gamma radiation on blood lymphocytes and radioprotector using cytogenetic biomarker (chromosomal aberration assay). Peripheral blood samples were collected from human volunteers 5-10 min before, and at 1 and 2 h after a single oral dose of 300 mg of melatonin. At each time point: 1 the concentration of melatonin in the serum and in the leukocytes was determined; and 2 the whole blood was exposed in vitro from 2 Gy to 12 Gy of gamma radiation. Immediately after exposure to the radiation, the lymphocytes were examined to determine the extent of primary DNA damage [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urea and iron is the strong prediction for the occurrence of both for renal diseases and its severity and complication. Iron is important predictor for understanding to the severity in renal diseases and its complication. The kidney has a bean-shaped structure; each kidney has a convex and concave surface. The concave surface, the renal hilum, is the point at which the renal artery enters the organ, and the renal vein and ureter leave. The amount of urea nitrogen released and the amount reincorporated into albumin has been measured in healthy and uremic individuals on both normal and low-protein diets. The importance of iron in renal injury is derived from the ease with which iron is reversibly oxidized or reduced, enabling it to participate in the production of free radicals. Experimental evidence for the role of oxidants and iron in progressive renal disease falls into two broad categories. Oxidants derived either from leukocytes in proliferate glomerulonephritis or from resident glomerular cells in nonproliferative glomerulonephritis have been shown to have several biological effects relevant to chronic kidney disease. This study was aimed to study the blood serum iron, urea in the subjects from Rewa district, to see if any correlation exists between iron and other parameters and to evaluate the risk factors for other complicated diseases [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]