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Structure of ball-milled powder mixtures containing monoclinic zirconia (m-ZrO2) and 15mol% Y2O3 was analysed. It was shown that the tetragonal Zr0.85Y0.15O1.93 solid solution was formed within 30min of milling. The structural and magnetic properties were investigated using flame atomic absorption spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The study revealed an increase in fraction of the tetragonal Zr0.85Y0.15O1.93 phase with increasing iron impurity formed due to the wear in the stainless steel assembly. In the course of the ball-milling, the Fe3+ concentration increases with milling time promoting the formation of the paramagnetic Zr0.85(Y3+,Fe3+)0.15O1.93 solid solution. It has been found that there was no sign of tetragonal to metastable m-ZrO2 transition after annealing in the temperature range 500-1100°C keeping the tetragonal phase rich in Y3+ structurally stable. Taking into account the effect of the combined Fe3+ and Y3+ elements on structural features of the ball-milled product, Fe3+ cations promote the mobility of Y3+ and consequently diffuse into the tetragonal crystal lattice at room temperature, while Y3+ cations act as tetragonal stabilizers at high temperature.

While a general definition has been made on which acts are considered illegal corruption, people’s understandings of what constitutes corruption behaviors are varied. The present research aims to understand the perceptions, interpretations, denials, and rationalizations of corruption by convicted perpetrators in Indonesia. How corruption is perceived and understood by perpetrators, and how these perceptions may be utilized as a basis for denying corruption accusations should be explored to have more understanding of the dynamics of corruption from the perspective of perpetrators. The data were obtained through in-depth interviews with five corruption convicts. The results show that the reasons the participants deny the accusation of corruption are as follows: (a) they know what corruption is and they believe what they do is not corruption; (b) corruption cases are political, so it is improper to call it corruption; (c) they consider themselves victims of a bad system; and (d) they think that everyone does it. Such understanding, then, is used as a tool for denial and rationalization. The findings indicate how corruption is perceived and understood can influence someone to commit corrupt acts.

This study investigates the influence of the independent board of commissioners and audit committee on earnings management to achieve earning targets in Indonesian banking. The research sample was drawn from 33 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2022 to evaluate the time frame of the study and its relevance to current banking trends in Indonesia, as well as to examine the data sources used and their reliability. The data analysis method used in this study is a dummy variable regression model. The findings reveal significant insights into the motivations behind earnings management practices. Specifically, this study finds that managers engage in earnings management to meet profit targets, thereby signaling strong performance to stakeholders and potentially securing bonuses. Notably, the influence of corporate governance structures varies: while the independent board of commissioners demonstrates no significant effect on earnings management (p = –0.01), the audit committee plays a pivotal role, significantly influencing earnings management practices (p = –0.017). Moreover, the analysis uncovers that company size has a significant impact on earnings management (p = 0.002), while return on assets (ROA) does not. This study provides empirical evidence demonstrating the efficacy of audit committees in curbing managerial incentives for earnings management to meet targets. Furthermore, by quantifying the influence of corporate governance mechanisms and firm characteristics on earnings management, this study sheds light on key dynamics in the Indonesian banking industry.

This study aims to determine the role of women with managerial positions in medical clinics and the ways in which they can enhance the performance of their partnerships to optimize business opportunities within the healthcare services sector of Indonesia. The study identified two key challenges: complex requirements from corporate partners and limited partnership capabilities of female employees. The study used entrepreneurial marketing theory as a framework to identify the key factors that can improve partnership performance by strengthening the capabilities of women in these roles. The study gathered data from 113 health clinics in Java, Indonesia, where female managers were responsible for marketing, partnerships, and director roles. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results reveal a positive impact of intrapreneurship and partnership capabilities on partnership performance. It is noteworthy that relationship quality exerts no influence on partnership performance. Furthermore, relationship quality does not function as a mediating variable for intrapreneurship capability or partnership capability on partnership performance. The healthcare services ecosystem attenuates the relationship between relationship quality and partnership performance. Additionally, the prevalence of medical clinics with female managers in the healthcare services ecosystem significantly affects partnership performance in the Java region, Indonesia.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected global health, particularly mental health in academic communities. While its impact on mental health is well-documented, studies on the post-pandemic "new normal" remain scarce. This study examines the prevalence and factors linked to anxiety, depression, and QoL among Indonesian university students, lecturers, and staff post-pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study examines the impact of risk factors on anxiety, quality of life, and depression among university students, staff, and faculty post-Covid-19 vaccination. An online website link was sent to the participants comprising instruments such as PHQ-2, WHOQOL-BREF and GDS. Chi-square tests were used for bivariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression modelled associated factors. Results: Poor QoL, depression, and anxiety were reported by 51.68%, 40.83%, and 44.19%, respectively. Unmarried individuals and those without a COVID-19 booster had higher odds of poor QoL (AOR: 3.32; 1.62). Unmarried individuals also faced greater depression risk (AOR: 2.56), while females and those with unvaccinated family members were more prone to anxiety (AOR: 2.42; 1.50). Conclusion: This study highlights mental health challenges post-pandemic, especially for those with incomplete vaccination and limited social support. It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions and complete vaccination to boost resilience in academic settings.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to trace the evolution of audit opinion research and identify research gaps that require the future investigation. Data was collected from Scopus and Dimension sources and then filtered by criteria so that the total final data analyzed bibliometrically was 709 over the last ten-year observation period. The research method is carried out in two stages, namely bibliometric analysis and content analysis on relevant articles. This study finds that the majority of audit opinion research have examined the topics of audit quality, types of audit opinions, business continuity, financial ratios, shopping opinions, earning management, audit tenure, and audit fees. Many audit opinion studies have employed quantitative methods, while a small number have used qualitative research methods. Furthermore, previous audit opinion studies have focused on corporate research, especially companies listed in the stock exchange market. Audit opinion research have also been explored in the local government sector, while they, in the relation to education, health, and sharia institutions still need to be improved. This research documents valuable research insights to future research agendas. In addition, the results revealed flaws in the audit opinion study of untouched objects.

This research investigates the factors influencing plagiarism from the perspective of the fraud diamond framework. It aims to obtain empirical evidence that higher pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and competencies influence an increase in plagiarism. Currently, information technology has rapidly advanced, and artificial intelligence has become more sophisticated. Issues related to artificial intelligence in higher education primarily focus on concerns about threats to academic integrity and the potential for use in committing plagiarism. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the role of understanding of artificial intelligence in increasing plagiarism and moderating the influence of pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and competencies on plagiarism. Research data were collected through surveys of postgraduate students in accounting and business from public and private universities in Indonesia and Malaysia, with 377 respondents. This study documents that higher levels of pressure, rationalization, competencies, and understanding of artificial intelligence lead to increased plagiarism. However, this research was unable to provide evidence that opportunity influences plagiarism. Meanwhile, evidence suggests that understanding of artificial intelligence strengthens the positive influence of rationalization on plagiarism. Conversely, this research did not find evidence that understanding of artificial intelligence moderates the influence of pressure, opportunity, and competencies on plagiarism.

This study investigates the potential of natural stimulants, specifically ecdysteroids, in accelerating the molting process in mangrove crabs. The research was conducted by analyzing various plants containing ecdysterone and their effects on the crabs. The results indicate that forest fern leaves and mulberry leaves are effective sources of ecdysterone in stimulating molting and growth in crabs. The use of such natural stimulants has the potential to enhance productivity and reduce reliance on synthetic hormones in crab cultivation. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and to understand the mechanisms of ecdysterone action in crabs in more detail. The main challenge in implementation is adjusting the dosage and frequency of natural stimulant administration to achieve optimal results without disrupting the balance of the cultivation ecosystem. This approach offers an environmentally friendly alternative for the sustainable development of crab farming.

The many herbal plants in Indonesia that contain antimicrobial substances such as Calotropis gigantea, Moringa oleifera and Cassia alata L. leaves are attractive and have the potential to be used to prevent and treat bacterial diseases in fish. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of administering a combination of multi-herbal ingredients, namely M. oleivera, C. gigantea and C. alata L. leaves in the treatment of O. niloticus tilapia infected with the pathogenic bacteria S. agalactiae. The experimental design used a completely randomized design with 6 treatment levels and 3 replications, namely treatment A (Fish that were not infected with S. agalactiae), B (Fish infected with S. agalactiae), C (Fish infected with S. agalactiae + soaked in thistle leaf extract 800 ppm+ Moringa leaf extract 1000 ppm)), D (Fish infected with S. agalactiae + soaked in C. gigantea leaf extract 800 ppm + C. allata leaf extract 10 ppm), E (Fish infected with S. agalactiae +soaked in Moringa leaf extract 1000 ppm + C. allata leaf extract 10 ppm) and F (Moringa leaf extract 1000 ppm+C. gigantea leaf extract 800 ppm + C. allata leaf extract 10 ppm). The results showed that the combination of M. oleivera, C. gigantea and C. alata L. extracts had a significant effect (P0.05) on the survival rate ofO. niloticus. Treatment (E), combination of M. oleivera leaf extract 1000 ppm + C. alata L leaf extract 10 ppm, showed the fastest healing of the body and the highest survival rate of tilapia, namely 80%. Keywords: Multi herbal leaves Patoghen Imunnity

Simulation modeling is crucial in support of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) for nuclear power plants (NPPs). There is a challenge, however, associated with simulation modeling that relates to the time and resources required for collecting data to determine the values of the input parameters. To alleviate this challenge, this article develops a formalized methodology to generate surrogate values of input parameters grounded on the decomposition of phenomenological nondimensional parameters (PNPs) while avoiding detailed data collection. While the fundamental principles of the proposed methodology can be applicable to various hazards, the developments in this article focus on fire PRA as an example application area for which resource intensiveness is recognized as a practical challenge. This article also develops a computational platform to automate the PNP decomposition and seamlessly integrates it with state-of-practice fire scenario analysis. The applicability of the computational platform is demonstrated through a multi-compartment fire case study at an NPP. The computational platform, with its embedded PNP decomposition methodology, can substantially reduce the effort required for input data collection and extraction, thereby facilitating the efficient use of simulation modeling in PRA and enhancing the fire scenario screening analysis.

Abstract Purpose High levels of physical activity have been documented in eating disorder patients. Our aim was to examine whether adolescent leisure-time physical activity is prospectively associated with eating disorders in adolescence and young adulthood. Methods Finnish twins born in 1983–1987 reported their physical activity frequency at ages 12, 14, and 17. A subsample of participants underwent structured, retrospective interviews for eating disorders at the mean age of 22.4 years. Associations between female twins’ physical activity and future eating disorders (571–683 twins/wave) were investigated with the Cox proportional hazards model. To illustrate the physical activity similarity of the co-twins in a twin pair, we used cross-tabulation of eating disorder–discordant twin pairs (13–24 pairs/wave). Results After adjusting for several covariates, we found no statistically significant longitudinal association between physical activity and eating disorders. This applied when all eating disorders were combined but also when assessed separately as restrictive and non-restrictive eating disorders. Co-twins’ physical activity in adolescence tended to be similar irrespective of their future eating disorder, supporting the results of the regression analysis. Conclusion We observed no evidence of adolescent physical activity frequency being prospectively associated with eating disorders in female twins. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes and more detailed physical activity data are needed. Level of evidence: III, evidence obtained from cohort or case–control analytic studies.

CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor with three ligands: CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. We report that in addition to attracting CXCR3+ T cells to tumor sites a key role of CXCL9 and CXCL10 is in inducing a self-feeding feedback loop that accelerates effector/cytotoxic activities of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells while downregulating immunoregulatory protein TIM3. CXCR3KO mice displayed a markedly reduced response to anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Results from a panel of in vivo and ex vivo 3D tumor models imply that, beyond driving CD8+ T cells into T-cell exhaustion, a major role of PD-1 and CTLA-4 is in limiting the CXCR3-based self-feeding mechanism of T cell potentiation. This may explain why patients that are CXCL9/CXCL10high tend to respond well to anti-PD-1 therapy, as opposed to patients that are CXCL9/CXCL10low. It also suggests a therapeutic role for CXCL9-Fc or CXCL10-Fc therapy; herein we demonstrate significant anti-tumor activity in multiple murine tumor models with such agents.

Pengabdian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata yang merupakan sarana penerapan serta pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, yang dilaksanakan di luar kampus dalam batas waktu, cara kerja dan persyaratan tertentu. Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an (TPQ) merupakan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam yang penting selain sekolah formal yang bertujuan untuk membentuk akhlak dan kepribadian qur’ani pada anak. Program ini didasari atas kurangnya pengetahuan anak tentang pembelajaran fasholatan dan semangat dalam melaksanakan ibadah salat. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk menambah pengetahuan dan semangat anak dalam pembelajaran fasholatan. Manfaat pengabdian ini adalah anak mampu mempraktikkan materi pembelajaran fasholatan yang telah dipelajari dalam kehidupan sehari-hari serta menumbuhkan semangat beribadah pada diri anak. Metode yang digunakan pada pengabdian ini adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data terkait pemahaman anak pada materi fasholatan. Program dan kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah bantuan mengajar di kelas dan penguatan materi fasholatan pada anak kelas 1 dan 2. Ketika mengajar di kelas, kami mendapati sebagian besar anak kurang bersemangat dalam belajar materi fasholatan. Pengabdian ini menunjukkan bahwa anak kelas 1 mampu menghafal materi fasholatan melalui lagu dan anak kelas 2 mampu mempraktikkan materi fasholatan yang telah dipelajari dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kegiatan ini memberikan pemahaman kepada anak tentang materi fasholatan dengan metode yang menyenangkan.

The emergence of sustainable business practices has garnered interest among stakeholders. However, the question of whether sustainability performance provides companies with a competitive advantage is still being debated in the literature. This paper aims to examine the influence of sustainability performance – namely economic sustainability performance and environmental, social, governance (ESG) – on competitive advantage, with the effectiveness of enterprise risk management (ERM) as the moderating variable. This paper used 202 firm-year observations during 2015–2022 from non-financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. To test the hypotheses, panel data regression with a one-year time-lag analysis is conducted. The findings show that economic sustainability performance has no relationship with competitive advantage, while ESG has a positive effect. Furthermore, ERM effectiveness strengthens the effect of economic sustainability and ESG on competitive advantage. Further investigation used a two-year time-lag analysis for a long-term perspective. The analysis shows that economic sustainability performance and ESG have a positive impact on competitive advantage. In contrast, ERM effectiveness has no effect on the relationship between economic sustainability performance and competitive advantage. Moreover, additional analysis incorporates the effect of COVID-19 into the main model and shows that the pandemic did not affect competitive advantage; this is consistent with the main results. The findings encourage companies to improve their risk management and sustainability initiatives. The government may also take it into account when developing rules that promote the implementation of sustainable development. AcknowledgmentThis research was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia through the Center for Higher Education Fund (BPPT) and Indonesia Endowment Funds for Education (LPDP) for providing the Indonesian Education Scholarship (BPI-Beasiswa Pendidikan Indonesia).

Abstract Background Molar root canal treatment (RCT) is challenging and requires training and specific skills. Rotary instrumentation (RI) reduces the time needed for instrumentation but may increase the risk of certain procedural errors. The aims of this study were to evaluate the quality of molar RCTs provided by undergraduate students, to compare the prevalence of procedural errors following manual and RI, and to assess the students’ self-perceived confidence to perform molar RCT without supervision and their preference for either manual or RI. Methods Molar RCTs performed by the final year students were evaluated radiographically according to predefined criteria (Appendix 1). The procedural errors, treatment details, and the students’ self-perceived confidence to perform molar RCT and their preference for either manual or RI were recorded. Descriptive statistics were performed, and the Chi-squared test was used to detect any statistically significant differences. Results 60.4% of RCTs were insufficient. RI resulted in more sufficient treatments compared with MI (49% vs. 30.3% respectively. X2: 7.39, p = 0.007), required fewer visits to complete (2.9 vs. 4.6 respectively. X2: 67.23, p

Abstract Background Personalized interventions aiming to increase physical activity in individuals are effective. However, from a public health perspective, it would be important to stimulate physical activity in larger groups of people who share the vulnerability to be physically inactive throughout adulthood. To find these high-risk groups, we identified 36-year leisure-time physical activity profiles from young adulthood to late midlife in females and males. Moreover, we uncovered which anthropometric-, demographic-, lifestyle-, and health-related characteristics were associated with these physical activity profiles. Methods We included 2,778 females and 1,938 males from the population-based older Finnish Twin Cohort Study, who responded to health and behavior surveys at the mean ages of 24, 30, 40 and 60. Latent profile analysis was used to identify longitudinal leisure-time physical activity profiles. Results We found five longitudinal leisure-time physical activity profiles for both females and males. Females’ profiles were: 1) Low increasing moderate (29%), 2) Moderate stable (23%), 3) Very low increasing low (20%), 4) Low stable (20%) and 5) High increasing high (9%). Males’ profiles were: 1) Low increasing moderate (29%), 2) Low stable very low (26%), 3) Moderate decreasing low (21%), 4) High fluctuating high (17%) and 5) Very low stable (8%). In both females and males, lower leisure-time physical activity profiles were associated with lower education, higher body mass index, smoking, poorer perceived health, higher sedentary time, high blood pressure, and a higher risk for type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, lower leisure-time physical activity was linked to a higher risk of depression in females. Conclusions We found several longitudinal leisure-time physical activity profiles with unique changes in both sexes. Fewer profiles in females than in males remained or became low physically active during the 36-year follow-up. We observed that lower education, higher body mass index, and more smoking already in young adulthood were associated with low leisure-time physical activity profiles. However, the fact that several longitudinal profiles demonstrated a change in their physical activity behavior over time implies the potential for public health interventions to improve leisure-time physical activity levels.

This study explores the role of corporate accounting earnings in predicting GDP growth at a macroeconomic level. It investigates whether negative aggregate accounting earnings are more effective predictors of GDP growth than positive earnings and how macroeconomic uncertainty affects this predictive ability. The two main novelties introduced in this study are the integration of two distinct streams of research, namely, the usefulness of accounting earnings and conditional accounting conservatism at the macroeconomic level and the consideration of the moderating role of macroeconomic uncertainty. Data from 22 countries from 2008 to 2022 are analyzed using moderated regression analysis. The findings support the theory that negative earnings are better predictors of GDP than positive earnings, aligning with the conditional accounting conservatism perspective. Furthermore, this study also reveals that macroeconomic uncertainty specifically weakens the predictive strength of negative aggregate accounting earnings and aggregate operating income on GDP growth. This comprehensive insight underscores the critical importance of considering economic conditions when employing accounting earnings to forecast economic trends, emphasizing that negative earnings are particularly significant indicators during uncertain economic times.

Introduction A better understanding of the earliest stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) could expedite the development or administration of treatments. Large population biobanks hold the promise to identify individuals at an elevated risk of AD and related dementias based on health registry information. Here, we establish the protocol for an observational clinical recall and biomarker study called TWINGEN with the aim to identify individuals at high risk of AD by assessing cognition, health and AD-related biomarkers. Suitable candidates were identified and invited to participate in the new study among THL Biobank donors according to TWINGEN study criteria.Methods and analysis A multi-centre study (n=800) to obtain blood-based biomarkers, telephone-administered and web-based memory and cognitive parameters, questionnaire information on lifestyle, health and psychological factors, and accelerometer data for measures of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. A subcohort is being asked to participate in an in-person neuropsychological assessment (n=200) and wear an Oura ring (n=50). All participants in the TWINGEN study have genome-wide genotyping data and up to 48 years of follow-up data from the population-based older Finnish Twin Cohort (FTC) study of the University of Helsinki. The data collected in TWINGEN will be returned to THL Biobank from where it can later be requested for other biobank studies such as FinnGen that supported TWINGEN.Ethics and dissemination This recall study consists of FTC/THL Biobank/FinnGen participants whose data were acquired in accordance with the Finnish Biobank Act. The recruitment protocols followed the biobank protocols approved by Finnish Medicines Agency. The TWINGEN study plan was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (number 16831/2022). THL Biobank approved the research plan with the permission no: THLBB2022_83.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the influence of emotional quotient, competence, and independence, by involving auditor integrity as a moderating influence on audit quality. Methodology/approach: The population in this study consists of all levels of auditors working in Public Accounting Firms in the cities of Malang and Surabaya. Sampling was conducted using a non-probability method with purposive sampling technique. The number of samples obtained was 98 respondents. This study used primary data collected through questionnaire distribution. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with the assistance of SmartPLS version 4. Findings: The results of this study indicate that auditor competence and independence have a positive effect on audit quality. Meanwhile, the auditor's emotional quotient does not affect on audit quality. Auditor integrity as a moderating in this study can strengthen the relationship between emotional quotient, competence, and independence on audit quality among auditors in the cities of Malang and Surabaya. Practical and Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study can provide practical guidelines for auditors in Public Accounting Firms in evaluating policies or performance that can be done to maintain and enhance the quality of their audit results, as well as to maintain public trust. Thus, through continuous improvement in audit quality, clients can make informed decisions based on reliable, trustworthy financial reports produced by auditors. Additionally, this research can explain existing theories into a phenomenon, namely Heider's attribution theory (1958) and Jensen and Meckling's agency theory (1976), and provide empirical evidence regarding factors influencing audit quality. Research Limitation: This study utilized a Google Form link to distribute questionnaires to respondents who were inaccessible. This resulted in less direct knowledge of to whom the questionnaire was distributed and how many questionnaires were distributed.

ObjectiveEarly psychosocial interventions for preterm infants and their parents are diverse. This study aimed to structure the knowledge on psychosocial parent–infant interventions and to identify gaps in the intervention studies.MethodsWe included studies on early (during first year of life) psychosocial parent–infant interventions with parent–infant relationship outcomes after preterm birth (< 37 weeks). We excluded studies that did not focus on preterm infants, failed to indicate the studied intervention and outcomes, were not written in English, were not controlled or peer-reviewed studies, or did not provide essential information for eligibility. The search included studies published between January 2000 and March 2024 in PubMed and PsycINFO. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in reporting. Psychosocial parent–infant intervention studies were classified adapting the International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI) and the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR).ResultsThe included 22 studies reported data from 18 different interventions with preterm infants (< 37 weeks). Studies excluded preterm infants with health risks (19/22, 86%), with very low gestational age and/or birth weight (7/22, 32%), and/or mothers with psychosocial risks (14/22, 64%). Of the 18 interventions, 12 (67%) were classified as counseling, 3 (17%) as emotional support, 2 (11%) as psychotherapeutic, and 1 (6%) as educational. The parent–child relationship was assessed using 30 different methods and varying time points up to 18 months of age. Most studies (17/22, 77%) reported positive changes in the parent–child relationship favoring the intervention group.ConclusionWe identified four types of interventions to influence parenting behavior; the most used was counseling. All four intervention types showed positive effects on parent–infant relationships, although the preterm populations studied were selective, the effects were evaluated using different methods, and the follow-up periods were short. These findings indicate a need for studies with standardized methods, longer follow-up, and less-restricted preterm populations to develop guidelines for all families with preterm infants.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases tend to rise throughout the year in all parts of the world. The α-glucosidase inhibitors are frequently used to both prevent and treat T2DM. This α-glucosidase inhibitor activity is seen in some probiotic species, and a certain strain of Pediococcus acidilactici exhibits promising characteristics as an α-glucosidase inhibitor. This study was conducted to assess the hypoglycemic activity and safety of P. acidilactici strain DNH16 (PADNH16) in experimental rats with T2DM induced by streptozotocin. METHODS: The experiment was conducted in vivo using Wistar rats. Acarbose was employed as a positive control, and Lactobacillus casei was used as a comparative. For 24 days, post-prandial blood glucose levels were assessed every 3 days, followed by serum biochemical levels measurement of liver, kidney, and lipid profiles. The pancreas was histopathologically examined utilizing the Hematoxyline-Eosin staining procedure. RESULTS: Administration of PADNH16 to T2DM rats lowered post-prandial blood glucose levels and gave hypoglycemic benefits comparable to acarbose and commercial probiotics. PADNH16 dosing did not affect serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), urea, or creatinine levels, showing that PADNH16 was not hazardous to liver or kidney function. The lipid profile assessment revealed that the values, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides, were comparable to the control group. The pancreatic histopathology revealed that injection of PADNH16 caused no alterations to pancreatic β cells. CONCLUSION: P. acidilactici isolate DNH16 has a hypoglycemic effect on T2DM rats, but does not affect liver function enzymes, kidneys, lipid profiles and does not provide significant changes in pancreatic β cells. KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, inhibitor α-glucosidase, Pediococcus acidilactici strain DNH16

This study investigates the impact of game-based (gamification) e-Learning techniques on students' engagement, thereby, their satisfaction with e-learning in Jordanian private universities. A conceptual model was developed based on existing empirical evidence from the literature. Data was then collected through a self-administered questionnaire survey from 198 private university students, who were conveniently selected for the study. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with smart PLS 23. Data analysis revealed a positive effect of gamification on both student engagement and satisfaction, suggesting that incorporating gaming elements into the e-learning process in Jordanian private universities led to higher levels of student engagement, thereby greater student satisfaction with the e-learning experience. A mediating role was also found for student engagement on the effect of gamification on student satisfaction. The findings provide insights to practitioners on how gamification can be utilized as an effective strategy to deliver a more enjoyable and interactive e-learning experience. Research findings were discussed, and conclusions and implications were lastly provided.

This article evolved because several instances of anemia are still discovered too late, especially in communities with limited medical resources and access to laboratory tests. Invasive diagnostic technologies and expensive expenses are additional impediments to early diagnosis. An effective, accurate, and non-invasive method is required to detect anemia. In this study, the conjunctival image of the eye is analyzed as a non-invasive method of detecting anemia. Various model approaches were tested in an endeavor to categorize anemic and healthy patients as accurately as possible. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm-integrated MobileNetV2 method was determined to be the most effective plan. With this combination, the accuracy of 93%, sensitivity of 91%, and specificity of 94%. These findings show that the model can successfully identify healthy patients while accurately identifying anemic patients. This method offers a non-invasive means of detecting anemia early on, making it promising for use in clinical settings. The SVM+MobileNetV2 technique relies on images of the eye’s conjunctiva and can potentially improve healthcare by identifying people who may have had earlier anemia. This technique stands out as a solid option for the efficient and precise diagnosis of anemia when accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are balanced.

This article is the result of research on Gamelan instruments that examines from a technological perspective what is rarely done nowadays, through kendhang tempo recognition by proposing three classification modeling schemes. The proposed scheme is a new approach to kendhang tempo classification, using kendhang sound converted to image-based features via Mel spectrogram, then features are extracted from the image with Visual Geometry Group (VGG)-19 before incorporating the method K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) as a classification method. Based on the experimental results that have been obtained, modeling using the 3rd scheme, namely two-phase feature extraction from the Mel spectrogram image as the first phase and the second phase of VGG-19 with classification using K-NN has an advantage in accuracy (99.6%) of implementing Kendhang tempo recognition correctly and the average achievement of the fastest training processing time was 3.37 seconds compared to the 1st scheme with an accuracy of 94% and an average model training process time of 16.4 seconds and the 2nd scheme with a model accuracy of 98% and the average time to complete the model training process the longest is 6228.6 seconds.

Abstract Background Malnutrition and sickle cell anemia (SCA) result in high childhood mortality rates. Although maternal depression is an established risk factor for malnutrition in younger children, little is known about its impact on treatment response in children with malnutrition. We aimed to determine the relationship, if any, between maternal depression scores and malnutrition treatment outcomes in older children with SCA. Methods We conducted a planned ancillary study to our randomized controlled feasibility trial for managing severe acute malnutrition in children aged 5–12 with SCA in northern Nigeria (NCT03634488). Mothers of participants completed a depression screen using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).We used a multivariable linear regression model to describe the relationship between the baseline maternal PHQ-9 score and the trial participant’s final body mass index (BMI) z-score. Results Out of 108 mother-child dyads, 101 with maternal baseline PHQ-9 scores were eligible for inclusion in this analysis. At baseline, 25.7% of mothers (26 of 101) screened positive for at least mild depression (PHQ-9 score of 5 or above). The baseline maternal PHQ-9 score was negatively associated with the child’s BMI z-score after 12 weeks of malnutrition treatment (β=-0.045, p = 0.041). Conclusions Maternal depressive symptoms has an impact on malnutrition treatment outcomes. Treatment of malnutrition in older children with sickle cell anemia should include screening for maternal depression and, if indicated, appropriate maternal referral for depression evaluation and treatment. Trial Registration The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT03634488) on January 30, 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03634488 .

In Indonesian traditional music, specifically Gamelan, overlapping fundamental frequencies occur among different instruments due to certain tones being tuned in the same octaves. This issue is challenging when the instruments are played simultaneously in the musical orchestras, resulting in mixed frequencies. This study utilizes Gamelan music dataset to address this issue by extracting deep semantic features to capture the distinctive characteristics of each instrument in the orchestras. We propose the fusion of Multi-Task Learning Autoencoder (MTL-AE) with Affine Transformation (AFT) to extract deep semantic features by investigating the optimal input derived from the Log Mel Spectrogram and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC). MTL-AE simultaneously extracts deep semantic features from eight instruments in the orchestras. AFT preserves these features according to the instrument class. The optimal extraction method was investigated by comparing the proposed method with baseline methods from MHU-Net and MHU-Net enhanced with Feature-wise Linear Modulation (FiLM). Subsequently, arranging deep semantic features from all instruments aims to obtain the structured feature patterns of eight instrument sources in the orchestras. Machine learning classifiers utilize structured deep semantic features for instrument recognition in the orchestras. Performance comparisons were executed against features derived from vanilla Log Mel Spectrogram, MFCC, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Modified ResNet-50, MobileNet V3, and YAMNET. The results show that the deep semantic features, extracted using the proposed method with input from MFCC, contribute to the structured deep semantic feature to achieve superior accuracy up to 99%. Hence, these features effectively overcome the issue of overlapping frequencies in musical orchestras.

Indonesia is a country that operates a democratic system. A democratic government system is characterized by freedom of each individual to express his opinion in any way that is protected by the state constitution. The rules discussing freedom of opinion are in Article 1 paragraph (1) in Law Number 9 of 1998 concerning Freedom to Express Opinions in Public. In the provisions of this law, every citizen has the right to voice their ideas orally, in writing and through other means without any obstacles, while still carrying out their responsibilities in accordance with the provisions of the applicable laws and regulations. This law acts as an implementation in Article 28 of 1945 Constitution Republic Indonesia which states: "Freedom of association and assembly, expressing thoughts verbally and in writing and so on is determined by law. The legal provisions governing legally proven crimes of hate speech involve several articles in statutory regulations. These articles include Article 156, Article 157, Article 310, and Article 311 of the Criminal Code, Article 28 paragraph (2) juncto. Article 45A paragraph (2) in Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, and Article 16 in Law Number 40 of 2008 concerning the Elimination of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination. The legal principle used is lex specialis derogat legi generali which will accommodate accountability for every violation of hate speech on social media, with reference to Article 28 paragraph (2) juncto. Article 45A paragraph (2) of the ITE Law stipulates that the length of imprisonment is 6 years and/or a maximum fine of one billion Rupiah.

One way to preserve culture in education is through ethnoscience-based learning, especially in chemical materials linked to various fields of science in life, including social and cultural. Ethnoscience is a process of reconstructing indigenous science knowledge with scientific science. This research aims to explore trends in ethnoscience-based chemistry learning in Indonesia and analyze the contents, focusing on topics, learning approaches and models, tools, and variables influenced. The research data collection method adopted the preferred items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) design and obtained from 30 selected articles indicated from 2019-2024 published in journals indexed by Scopus and SINTA. Analysis results show that the process of making batik is one of the ethnoscience topics that are widely used in chemistry learning. Ethnoscience learning can also be done by combining local wisdom (culture), traditional foods, and natural phenomena of the environment. Ethnoscience learning can be integrated into various learning models, such as contextual teaching and learning (CTL), problem-based, and project-based learning (PjBL). Learning tools often used in ethnoscience-based chemistry learning are modules, evaluation instruments, and worksheets. Ethnoscience is interesting to learn because it positively affects critical thinking and creativity, cultural and conservation character, and scientific literacy.

Background/Objectives: An automated extrusion-based material deposition is a contemporary and rapid method for pharmaceutical dose-dispensing and preparing (printing) individualized solid dosage forms. The aim of this study was to investigate and gain knowledge of the feasibility of automated extrusion-based material deposition technology in preparing customized prednisolone (PRD)-loaded gel tablets for veterinary applications (primarily for dogs and cats). Methods: The PRD loads of the extrusion-based deposited gel tablets were 0.5% and 1.0%, and the target weights of tablets were 0.250 g, 0.500 g, and 1.000 g. The effects of the material deposition processes on the physical solid state, in vitro dissolution, and the physicochemical stability of PRD gel tablets were investigated. Results: The small-sized gel tablets presented a uniform round shape with an exceptionally smooth outer surface texture. The actual average weight of the tablets (n = 10) was very close to the target weight, showing the precision of the process. We found that PRD was in a pseudopolymorphic sesquihydrate form (instead of an initial PRD crystalline form II) in the gel tablets. In all the immediate-release gel tablets studied, more than 70% of the drug load was released within 30 min. The soft texture and dimensions of gel tablets affected the dissolution behaviour in vitro, suggesting the need for further development and standardization of a dissolution test method for such gel tablets. A short-term storage stability study revealed that the content of PRD did not decrease within 3 months. Conclusions: Automated extrusion-based material deposition is a feasible method for the rapid preparation of gel tablets intended for veterinary applications. In addition, the present technology and gel tablets could be used in pediatric and personalized medicine where precise dosing is crucial.

Microplastics, or plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, are a growing ecotoxicological problem for both human health and aquatic habitats. Even though microplastic pollution affects the air, water, and land widely, these habitats are often viewed as distinct from one another while in fact they are tightly related. The purpose of this work is to review the body of scientific literature on microplastic studies in Indonesian watershed sediment. Google Scholar has identified around 57 papers about microplastic pollution that were published between 2017 and 2023. Papers about sediment for rivers, lakes, marine, and estuaries are categorized further based on (i) their occurrence and characterization, (ii) their intake by and effects on species, and (iii) their fate and transport issues. Even at low concentrations of 10 μg/mL, microplastics cause harmful effects for people and animals, including cytotoxicity, immunological response, oxidative stress, barrier characteristics, and genotoxicity. When marine animals eat microplastics, their gastrointestinal tract physiology changes, and they also experience immune system depression, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, differential gene expression, and growth inhibition. In addition, the bioaccumulation of microplastics in aquatic creatures' tissues may harm the aquatic ecosystem and may spread to people and birds. Through behavioural changes and policy changes, such imposing taxes, bans, or price increases on plastic carrier bags, plastic usage has been dramatically decreased to 8–85% in many different nations across the globe. The strategy for minimizing microplastics is structured like an upside-down pyramid: prevention is at the top, then reduction, reuse, recycling, recovery, and, as the least desirable alternative, disposal. Keywords: Microplastics Sediment Indonesia Waters Environmental Risk Pollutant Aquatic

Abstract Background Pegunigalsidase alfa is a novel, PEGylated α-galactosidase-A enzyme-replacement therapy approved in the EU and US to treat patients with Fabry disease (FD). Objective/methods BRIDGE is a phase 3 open-label, switch-over study designed to assess safety and efficacy of 12 months of pegunigalsidase alfa (1 mg/kg every 2 weeks) treatment in adults with FD who had been previously treated with agalsidase alfa (0.2 mg/kg every 2 weeks) for ≥ 2 years. Results Twenty-seven patients were screened; 22 met eligibility criteria; and 20 (13 men, 7 women) completed the study. Pegunigalsidase alfa was well-tolerated, with 97% of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) being of mild or moderate severity. The incidence of treatment-related TEAEs was low, with 2 (9%) discontinuations due to TEAEs. Five patients (23%) reported infusion-related reactions. Overall mean (SD; n = 22) baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 82.5 (23.4) mL/min/1.73 m2 and plasma lyso-Gb3 level was 38.3 (41.2) nmol/L (men: 49.7 [45.8] nmol/L; women: 13.8 [6.1] nmol/L). Before switching to pegunigalsidase alfa, mean (standard error [SE]) annualized eGFR slope was − 5.90 (1.34) mL/min/1.73 m2/year; 12 months post-switch, the mean eGFR slope was − 1.19 (1.77) mL/min/1.73 m2/year; and mean plasma lyso-Gb3 reduced by 31%. Seven (35%) out of 20 patients were positive for pegunigalsidase alfa antidrug antibodies (ADAs) at ≥ 1 study timepoint, two of whom had pre-existing ADAs at baseline. Mean (SE) changes in eGFR slope for ADA-positive and ADA-negative patients were + 5.47 (3.03) and + 4.29 (3.15) mL/min/1.73 m2/year, respectively, suggesting no negative impact of anti-pegunigalsidase alfa ADAs on eGFR slope. Conclusion Pegunigalsidase alfa may offer a safe and effective treatment option for patients with FD, including those previously treated with agalsidase alfa. TRN: NCT03018730. Date of registration: January 2017.

The process of drying coffee beans often done by manually using sunlight which has its drawbacks, where coffee farmers cannot predict the weather which may rain at any time. If exposed to rain water, coffee beans that are slightly dry will become wet and moist again, which will affect the quality of the coffee beans. Therefore, in this research a literature study will be carried out, followed by the construction of an IoT-based coffee drying machine so that its condition can be monitored at any time. In the drying process, a PTC fan and heater will be used to regulate the temperature and humidity in the coffee drying machine to get better results in drying coffee. This research will also test how much temperature and humidity are optimal in the coffee drying machine, because it will also affect the drying time and the quality of the coffee produced. To determine the quality of the coffee beans and develop a coffee drying machine, researchers will collaborate with UKM Boyolali which has experience in drying coffee beans. IoT-based dying coffee machine has been made, with dimensions (80 x 47 x 115) cm, drying capacity of 30 grams, using electric fuel which is integrated with temperature and humidity sensors which function as drying temperature controllers, with measurement error calibration results of 1.2 and organoleptic tests show that the quality of the coffee produced by the tool/machine is better than the coffee produced by manual heating, where the coffee beans heated by the machine have a strong coffee aroma but do not smell burnt, the color is even, light brown in color and has a bitter taste and when crushed and dissolved there is no precipitate on the surface. The optimum temperature for the IoT-based dying coffee machine is 80ºC in 883 seconds or the equivalent of 15 minutes, which is equivalent to traditional drying by relying on sunlight for 10 days, while the optimal humidity for the IoT-based dying coffee machine is 15 %, this is in accordance with the quality standards of coffee as a result of heating. Keywords: Coffee beans, Drying coffee machine, IoT ABSTRAK Pada proses pengeringan biji kopi saat ini masih sering dilakukan secara manual menggunakan sinar matahari yang memiliki kekurangan, dimana petani kopi tidak bisa memprediksi cuaca yang kemungkinan bisa terjadi hujan setiap saat. Jika terkena air hujan biji kopi yang agak kering akan menjadi basah dan lembab kembali, dimana akan jadi berpengaruh pada kualitas dari biji kopi tersebut. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan study literature, yang dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan mesin drying kopi berbasis IoT sehingga bisa dipantau kondisinya setiap saat. Pada proses pengeringan akan digunakan fan dan heater PTC untuk mengatur suhu dan kelembapan di dalam mesin drying kopi untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih bagus dalam pengeringan kopi. Pada penelitian ini juga akan diujikan seberapa besar suhu dan kelembapan yang optimal di dalam mesin drying kopi, karena akan berpengaruh juga pada waktu pengeringan dan kualitas kopi yang dihasilkan. Untuk menentukan kualitas dari biji kopi dan mengembangkan mesin drying kopi peneliti akan bekerjasama dengan UKM Boyolali yang sudah berpengalaman dibidang pengeringan biji kopi. Telah dibuat mesin dying kopi yang berbasis IoT, dengan dengan dimensi (80 x 47 x 115) cm, kapasitas pengeringan 30 gram, menggunakan bahan bakar listrik yang terintegrasi dengan sénsor suhu dan kelembaban yang berfungsi sebagai pengontrol suhu pengeringan, dengan hasil kalibrasi error pengukuran sebesar 1,2 dan uji organoleptic menunjukan bahwa kualitas kopi hasil alat/ mesin lebih bagus dibandingkan dengan kopi hasil pemanasan manual, dimana biji kopi hasil pemanasan dengan mesin mempunyai aroma kopi kuat namun tidak beraroma gosong, warna merata, berwarna coklat muda dan mempunyai rasa pahit dan ketika ditumbuk dan dilarutkan tidak ada endapan dipermukaan. Suhu optimal pada mesin dying kopi yang berbasis IoT adalah 80ºC dalam kurun waktu 883 detik atau setara dengan 15 menit yang mana hasil tersebut setara dengan pengeringan secara tradisional dengan mengandalkan sinar matahari selama 10 hari, sedangkan kelembapan optimal pada mesin dying kopi yang berbasis IoT adalah 15%, hal ini sesuai dengan baku mutu kopi hasil pemanasan.

Research aims: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted multiple industries, including chemistry, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, and healthcare. This study, thus, explores how these sectors managed their earnings concerning political factors during the pandemic. Since these sectors play a critical role in maintaining business stability during this period, the authors hypothesize that some companies within them may have manipulated their profits. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used quantitative methods to analyze a sample of companies in the chemical, pharmaceutical, telecommunications, and healthcare sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2022. Out of 60 companies, 20 met the criteria. The authors then tested the political costs hypothesis using Kotari et al.'s (2005) calculation method and a discrimination test for discretionary accrual values. Research findings: The findings reveal that some companies practiced earnings management with varying degrees across sectors. Notably, not all companies employed revenue reduction as a manipulation tactic. Significant differences were observed between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. It is worth highlighting that not all COVID-19 beneficiaries resorted to earnings management to access government incentives or facilities. Theoretical contribution/Originality: The findings of this research offer empirical evidence from both a theoretical standpoint and an analysis of the financial status of the involved companies. Practical/Policy Implication: This study aims to investigate if companies manipulated earnings during the COVID-19 pandemic by intentionally reducing their profits when their sectors were thriving due to the pandemic. Research Limitation: This research is limited by its use of quarterly data, incomplete data for some companies, and a reliance on existing data rather than current information collection.

ABSTRACTObservational evidence suggests that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) promote the growth of commensal bacteria in early life and adulthood. However, the mechanisms by which HMOs benefit health through modulation of gut microbial homeostasis remain largely unknown. 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) is the most abundant oligosaccharide in human milk and contributes to the essential health benefits associated with human milk consumption. Here, we investigated how 2′-FL prevents colitis in adulthood through its effects on the gut microbial community. We found that the gut microbiota from adult mice that consumed 2′-FL exhibited an increase in abundance of several health-associated genera, including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. The 2′-FL-modulated gut microbial community exerted preventive effects on colitis in adult mice. By using Bifidobacterium infantis as a 2′-FL-consuming bacterial model, exploratory metabolomics revealed novel 2′-FL-enriched secretory metabolites by Bifidobacterium infantis, including pantothenol. Importantly, pantothenate significantly protected the intestinal barrier against oxidative stress and mitigated colitis in adult mice. Furthermore, microbial metabolic pathway analysis identified 26 dysregulated metabolic pathways in fecal microbiota from patients with ulcerative colitis, which were significantly regulated by 2′-FL treatment in adult mice, indicating that 2′-FL has the potential to rectify dysregulated microbial metabolism in colitis. These findings support the contribution of the 2′-FL-shaped gut microbial community and bacterial metabolite production to the protection of intestinal integrity and prevention of intestinal inflammation in adulthood.IMPORTANCEAt present, neither basic research nor clinical studies have revealed the exact biological functions or mechanisms of action of individual oligosaccharides during development or in adulthood. Thus, it remains largely unknown whether human milk oligosaccharides could serve as effective therapeutics for gastrointestinal-related diseases. Results from the present study uncover 2′-FL-driven alterations in bacterial metabolism and identify novel B. infantis-secreted metabolites following the consumption of 2′-FL, including pantothenol. This work further demonstrates a previously unrecognized role of pantothenate in significantly protecting the intestinal barrier against oxidative stress and mitigating colitis in adult mice. Remarkably, 2′-FL-enhanced bacterial metabolic pathways are found to be dysregulated in the fecal microbiota of ulcerative colitis patients. These novel metabolic pathways underlying the bioactivities of 2′-FL may lay a foundation for applying individual oligosaccharides for prophylactic intervention for diseases associated with impaired intestinal homeostasis.

The framework for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure has become crucial throughout the world. Globally, various ESG reporting frameworks have emerged, but there are still few companies in Indonesia that are involved in ESG. This research aims to develop an ESG performance assessment instrument based on material aspects of sustainability for all industries in Indonesia. The data was obtained by extracting 472 corporate sustainability reports in Indonesia during 2021 and ESG indicators were determined through focus group discussions and inter-rater reliability tests. The ESG performance assessment in this study adopted the methodology of the Refinitiv Institute and the ESG indicator weights were modified according to the new ESG indicators. A total of 65 ESG indicators were analyzed and these showed that the majority of companies in Indonesia have relatively satisfactory ESG performance and a moderate level of transparency in reporting important ESG data to the public. Cluster analysis with the K-means algorithm shows that each company needs to improve performance on at least one ESG pillar. The results of this research support the initiatives that have been taken by global regulators and stock exchanges to require companies to disclose ESG information in the future.

On the 11th of March 2020, the world faced a new global pandemic, COVID-19 which is a disease caused by the novel coronavirus, it had multiple devastating outcomes on multiple sectors along with significant rates of mortality. These challenges encouraged the development of multiple testing methods, as well as anti-viral medications such as Molnupiravir, as well as evaluating the efficacy of available medications against it, like; Azithromycin, Ritonavir and Hydroxychloroquine. Vaccination against COVID-19 forged into a significant challenge, few months ensuing the first case of SARS-CoV-2, which was diagnosed in December 2019, in Wuhan-China, thus, multiple vaccines were approved for use around the world to combat this pandemic. Our study includes a sample of 556 oncology patients at Augusta Victoria Hospital in Jerusalem, all patients were tested using Panbio rapid antigen test and Allplex PCR Assay. The main objective was to study the sensitivity and specificity of Rapid antigen test, which contributes to a faster isolation call and management of infected patients, thus decreasing the risk on spread to other patients and health care. Patients were categorized based on two factors: Ct range and age group and studying their possible effect on false-negative results. Patients with Ct value less than 20, had the highest detection rate which is consistent with other studies in the literature. The sensitivity and specificity of Panbio Rapid Antigen testing were of 69.9% and 100%, respectively. A correlation between age group and false negative results could not be made, but a correlation between Ct value and false negative result was noticed, Ct value was directly related to false negative results. P-value of 0.007 indicated that results were statistically significant where PCR test is considered more sensitive compared to rapid antigen test.

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigates whether the level of materiality, stakeholder engagement, and corporate governance disclosure enhance the quality of sustainability reporting. The quality measured the by four indexed information dimensions: relative quantity disclosure, density, accuracy, and management orientation. A quantitative content analysis was undertaken on 172 sustainability reports of non-financial Indonesian companies from 2016 to 2020. The hypothesis were tested using a panel data approach. The regression test showed that the level of materiality, stakeholder engagement, and corporate governance disclosure does not lead to the improvement of sustainability reporting quality. Further analysis on each quality dimension found that materiality disclosure has a significant positive effect on the relative quantity disclosure and has no significant effect on companies’ density, accuracy, and management orientation of companies. On the other hand, stakeholder engagement and corporate governance disclosure have no significant effect on the quality index, which is consistent with the main test. These results indicate that materiality disclosure has become one of the crucial aspect for companies that significantly increasing their disclosure intention. Furthermore, companies should pay more attention to the quality of information disclosed in materiality disclosures. Finally, government must evaluate the regulation that can encourage companies to present information relevant to sustainability, which can improve the sustainability reporting quality.

ABSTRACTSeveral probiotic-derived factors have been identified as effectors of probiotics for exerting beneficial effects on the host. However, there is a paucity of studies to elucidate mechanisms of their functions. p40, a secretory protein, is originally isolated from a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Thus, this study aimed to apply structure-functional analysis to define the functional peptide of p40 that modulates the epigenetic program in intestinal epithelial cells for sustained prevention of colitis. In silico analysis revealed that p40 is composed of a signal peptide (1–28 residues) followed by a coiled-coil domain with uncharacterized function on the N-terminus, a linker region, and a β-sheet domain with high homology to CHAP on the C-terminus. Based on the p40 three-dimensional structure model, two recombinant p40 peptides were generated, p40N120 (28–120 residues) and p40N180 (28–180 residues) that contain first two and first three coiled coils, respectively. Compared to full-length p40 (p40F) and p40N180, p40N120 showed similar or higher effects on up-regulating expression of Setd1b (encoding a methyltransferase), promoting mono- and trimethylation of histone 3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me1/3), and enhancing Tgfb gene expression and protein production that leads to SMAD2 phosphorylation in human colonoids and a mouse colonic epithelial cell line. Furthermore, supplementation with p40F and p40N120 in early life increased H3K4me1, Tgfb expression and differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the colon, and mitigated disruption of epithelial barrier and inflammation induced by DSS in adult mice. This study reveals the structural feature of p40 and identifies a functional peptide of p40 that could maintain intestinal homeostasis.

Artikkelissa tarkastelemme Yleisten kielitutkintojen suomen kielen arvioijien (N = 44) käsityksiä suomenruotsalaisten puhujien (N = 9) oletetusta ensikielestä. Tutkimuksemme aineisto perustuu Suomen Akatemian rahoittamaan Rikkinäistä Suomea: Aksenttien arviointi yhteiskunnallisena portinvartijana (2018– 2022) -hankkeeseen, jossa tutkitaan vieraan aksentin vaikutusta suullisen kielitaidon arvioinnissa. Analysoimme sisällönanalyysin avulla arvioijien kirjallisia vastauksia liittyen puhujien ensikieleen ja siihen liittyviin perusteluihin. Artikkelissa kuvaamme, miten usein ja miksi suomen kielen arvioijat pitivät suomenruotsalaisia suomen kielen puhujia virolaisina puhujina. Arvioijat tunnistivat melko huonosti (25 %) puhujat ensikieleltään suomenruotsalaisiksi, mutta varsin usein heidät tulkittiin viroa ensikielenään puhuviksi. Ei-tunnistetuista (75 %) puhujista vironkieliseksi mainittiin jopa 32 %. Perusteluina suomenruotsalaisten vironkielisyydelle mainittiin tavallisesti ääntämiseen liittyvät prosodiset piirteet, kuten intonaatio ja puherytmi. Myös puhujien tapa ääntää tiettyjä konsonantteja ja vokaaleja muistuttivat arvioijista vironkielisten tapaa ääntää suomen konsonantteja ja vokaaleja. Lisäksi vironkielisyyttä perusteltiin rakenteellisilla puutteilla. Koska kahden puhujaryhmän kielitaitoprofiilit muistuttavat toisiaan, suomenruotsalaisia pidettiin vironkielisinä myös siksi, että puhe oli sujuvaa ja heidän suomen kielen taitonsa oli hyvä. *** 'There is so little foreign accent that I am guessing Estonian' – The National Certificates Finnish raters’ perceptions of L1 Finland-Swedish speakers’ oral Finnish *** This research studies the perceptions the National Certificates Finnish raters (N = 44) have on L1 Finland-Swedish speakers’ (N = 9) Finnish oral proficiency. The article also examines how the correct or incorrect recognition of the speakers’ L1 affects the raters’ assessments and perceptions of oral language skills. The data comes from the project ‘Broken Finnish’: Accent perceptions in societal gatekeeping in which Finland-Swedish speakers form one of the researched groups. The article examines L1 recognition and the use of the analytical criteria for assessment, by means of quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The qualitative data consist of the raters’ written comments on the speakers’ assumed L1 and of the reasons they give for their assumptions. These are analysed with data driven content analysis.

Recently, some cases of human rights violations in immigration detention centers across Japan have attracted worldwide attention. Those inhumanely considered cases necessitated the United Nations expressing an opinion through the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. This study found that ingrained ideologies of homogeneity in Japanese society give rise to immigration policies that tend to hinder the integration of immigrants into Japanese society. This research looks at three main areas: first, how the ideology of homogeneity led to prolonged immigration detention in Japan; second, whether immigration detention in Japan violates international human rights law; and, finally, the guarantee of human rights protection for detainees in Japan. a qualitative research method using a literature review to describe how ethnic homogeneity causes prolonged immigration detention in Japan that is against international law through an institutional frame.

IntroductionThe communication skills of healthcare professionals play a crucial role in successful shared decision-making with parents in neonatal intensive care. Improving communication skills can be achieved through practice and reflection on personal experiences after authentic interaction events with parents. The process of reflection typically involves three phases: description, reflection, and critical reflection. In this study, our aim was to explore the acceptability of the Reflective Group Dialogue intervention and its effectiveness in supporting the reflective process.MethodsThis qualitative pilot study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit at Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Sweden. The sample consisted of nine medical rounds with seven families, five neonatologists, seven registered nurses, and five assistant nurses. Purposive sampling was used to collect the data. The intervention comprised four elements: (1) before the intervention, a recorded presentation on shared decision-making was given to the entire unit staff, (2) an observation of a normal medical round discussion with parents, (3) an interview with parents about their experience after the same round, and (4) a reflective discussion with the participating health care professionals after the round. The parent interviews and reflective discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. They were analyzed using thematic analysis as a theoretical strategy.ResultsBoth parents and staff widely accepted the intervention and found it beneficial. We identified four discussions that remained in the descriptive phase of the reflection process, four that reached the reflective phase, and one that reached the critical reflection phase. The descriptive discussions were characterized by using a single perspective to reflect, often based on personal opinions. The reflective discussions included analyzing interaction sequences from both staff and parent perspectives and were primarily based on actual observations of communication during medical rounds. The critical discussion led to a new awareness of current practices concerning parental involvement in decision-making. These discussions also utilized “what-if” thinking to evaluate potential new practices and their pros and cons.ConclusionsThe intervention seems promising as it was perceived as beneficial by the recipients and facilitated reflection in most cases. However, to enhance the feasibility of the intervention, some improvements are discussed.

Pharmacy compounding, the art and science of preparing customized medications to meet individual patient needs, is on the verge of transformation. Traditional methods of compounding often involve manual and time-consuming processes, presenting challenges in terms of consistency, dosage accuracy, quality control, contamination, and scalability. However, the emergence of cutting-edge technologies has paved a way for a new era for pharmacy compounding, promising to redefine the way medications are prepared and delivered as pharmacy-tailored personalized medicines. In this multi-site study, more than 30 hospitals and community pharmacies from eight countries in Europe utilized a novel automated dosing approach inspired by 3D printing for the compounding of non-sterile propranolol hydrochloride tablets. CuraBlend® excipient base, a GMP-manufactured excipient base (pharma-ink) intended for automated compounding applications, was used. A standardized study protocol to test the automated dosing of tablets with variable weights was performed in all participating pharmacies in four different iterative phases. Integrated quality control was performed with an in-process scale and NIR spectroscopy supported by HPLC content uniformity measurements. In total, 6088 propranolol tablets were produced at different locations during this study. It was shown that the dosing accuracy of the process increased from about 90% to 100% from Phase 1 to Phase 4 by making improvements to the formulation and the hardware solutions. The results indicate that through this automated and quality controlled compounding approach, extemporaneous pharmacy manufacturing can take a giant leap forward towards automation and digital manufacture of dosage forms in hospital pharmacies and compounding pharmacies.

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the personality characteristics of mukhlis students after the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this study is descriptive method with a total sampling technique of 365 students. Based on the results of statistical calculations obtained, an overview of Mukhlis' personality characteristics was obtained for students of the Faculty of Psychology Class of 2021 UMA who had low achievements in Semester 2 of 95% and based on several aspects, namely first, the Al-Khaathir aspect (86.7%), the 'Azam ( 90%), Niyat aspect (66.7%) and Af'al aspect (93.3%). Thus it can be concluded that the Af'al aspect is more dominant in students than the Niyat aspect so that student achievement tends to decrease

Water pollution often occurs due to the disposal of household waste (solid waste and liquid waste) as well as industrial waste, small industry and non-organic waste. This waste will be disposed of through channels which then flow into rivers. The purpose of this research is to make a device that can determine the condition of river water, which is polluted or not from a long distance. The method used in this study is by taking samples from river water that can represent polluted and unpolluted, then data is taken from these samples which are then processed so that their condition can be known. The conditions that have been obtained are then displayed via the web.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of an academic self-efficacy instrument for junior secondary school students in Indonesia. This research is important to understand the extent to which students at the junior high school level feel confident in facing academic demands. The type of research in this study used a quantitative approach. The population obtained amounted to 564 eighth-grade students from several provinces in Indonesia. The sampling technique used was convenience sampling, and a sample size of 300 students was determined. Primary data in this study were obtained from the results of students' instrument answers with the filling method circling the most appropriate answer. At the same time, secondary data is obtained from searching journals related to the research. The data collection technique was a fill-in sheet given to 300 grade 8 students in several provinces in Indonesia. Then, the data analysis used was quantitative data analysis carried out by descriptive analysis and verification analysis (hypothesis testing with t-test). Furthermore, based on the data obtained from junior high school students, the instrument was tested for validity and reliability using SPSS version 25. Based on the study's results, it was found that the instrument used to measure the academic self-efficacy of junior high school students in Indonesia has good validity and reliability. The instrument consists of 49 valid items with a reliability coefficient of 0.861. Then, to determine the instrument's effectiveness, a t-test was conducted, and the result was that H0 was rejected, which means that the instrument is effective in measuring academic self-efficacy for junior high school students in Indonesia. Thus, the instrument effectively measures the academic self-efficacy of junior high school students in Indonesia.

Men who engage in sexual relationships with other men (MSM) are consider a high-risk group for HIV transmission, with MSM in Indonesia accounting for 17.9% cases of HIV in 2020. This qualitative study aimed to understand better the factors determining MSMs' motivation to disclose their sexual orientation. This research employed a phenomenological approach to explore the disclosure experiences of MSM in Palembang City. In-depth interviews and observations were conducted with 11 purposively recruited MSM informants and five MSM outreach workers to ensure data triangulation. Documentation and observations of the participants were conducted during various activities at the Intan Maharani Foundation (IMF). MSM participants observed extreme caution when disclosing their sexual orientation and only chose to reveal their sexual orientation to a very limited network, such as close friends, who are MSM, and at risk of HIV transmission. The hesitation to disclosing sexual orientation may be linked to the fact that only a few MSM had ever undergone an HIV test. MSMs, if they choose to, could share their status with Field Outreach (FO) during routine health check-ups. Findings of this study call for further research on barriers that hinder MSM from openly discussing their sexual orientation. Such research can inform policy and program developers on how to improve services, promote health literacy, foster confidence and trust among MSMs, hence facilitating their access to HIV services, enabling them to disclose their HIV status confidentially, safely, and in a respectful environment.

ABSTRAK Kulit wajah sangat sensitif dibandingkan dengan bagian tubuh lainnya. Ada beberapa jenis kulit wajah, yaitu normal, berminyak, dan kering. Namun, terkadang mengidentifikasi jenis kulit wajah seseorang dengan benar bisa menjadi masalah karena terdapat lima jenis kulit wajah yang berbeda. Untuk mengatasi kesulitan dalam mengidentifikasi jenis kulit wajah, pada penelitian ini diterapkan metode klasifikasi Backpropagation Neural Network berbasis GLCM. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga jenis kulit wajah, yaitu: kering, berminyak, dan normal. Sedangkan untuk mencari model arsitektur yang tepat dilakukan dengan cara variasi jumlah hidden layer dan jumlah neuron per hidden layer. Setelah dilakukan beberapa pengujian didapatkan hasil akurasi 96.70% untuk model sembilan lapisan tersembunyi dengan enam neuron pada tiap lapisan tersembunyi. Kata kunci: kulit wajah, klasifikasi, backpropagation neural network, GLCM. Â ABSTRACT Facial skin is very sensitive compared to other body parts. There are several facial skin types: normal, oily, and dry. However, sometimes correctly identifying a person's facial skin type can be problematic because there are five different skin types. To overcome difficulties in identifying facial skin types, this study applied the GLCM-based Backpropagation Neural Networks classification method. This study used three types of facial skin, namely: dry, oily, and normal. Meanwhile, finding the right architectural model is done by varying the number of hidden layers and the number of neurons per hidden layer. After several tests, the results obtained an accuracy of 96.70% for the nine hidden layers model with six neurons for each hidden layer. Keywords: facial skin, classification, backpropagation neural network, GLCM.

Research aims: This study seeks to prove empirical evidence regarding the effect of managerial ability on fraudulent financial statements. Design/Methodology/Approach: The population of this study was manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2017-2019 period. The data met the criteria of as many as 90 companies with a total of 270 observations. Then, hypothesis testing in this research used moderated regression analysis. Research findings: Study outcomes demonstrated that managerial ability positively impacted fraudulent financial statements. Furthermore, the positive influence of managerial ability on the fraudulent financial statement was weaker when the company was politically connected. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study provides empirical evidence regarding the heterogeneity of managerial ability and political connections as predictors of fraudulent financial statements. Practitioner/Policy implication: The study result provides a reference for regulators to provide more effective oversight of companies with superior managerial capabilities and is politically connected. Research limitation/Implication: The limitations in this research can be considered to formulate further research related to variable measurement. In addition, no single measurement method can explain various conditions.

Introduction: Pesticides are chemicals used by farmers to eliminate pests on plants and increase crop productivity. The intensive use of pesticides increases pesticide residues in soil and water. Pesticides can cause certain cancers such as cancer of the digestive system, stomach, esophagus, lung, intestine, bladder, and lymphoma, mutagenic, and teratogenic. The purpose of this research was to determine the risk analysis of community water quality in the agricultural area of Alahan Panjang, Solok Regency. Methods: The design applied in this research was a descriptive observational study conducted with a cross-sectional design and a field study approach with Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA), by examining30 dug wells in the agricultural area of Alahan Panjang and the people who consume the water taken by purposive sampling. Results and Discussion: The average length of use of well water by the community was 26.87 years. Based on the results of sanitation inspections, most of the well water was vulnerable to contamination, namely 90%. All well water samples exceeded the quality standard value of 0.1 mg/L. All real-time Risk Quotient (RQ) and 30 year RQ values were risky. Conclusion: The use of pesticides that were not in accordance with the established rules causes pollution to the water sources consumed by the community around the Alahan Panjang farm. The excessive use of pesticides can cause contamination of water sources in communities around agricultures areas.