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Las medidas dictadas por el gobierno nacional durante la fase de confinamiento de la COVID-19 generaron cambios bruscos y radicales en el comportamiento humano. Las personas se vieron privadas de realizar actividades, hasta ese momento, cotidianas. Esta situación generó afectación psicológica en la población aún no estudiada ni identificada adecuadamente. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar las alteraciones psicológicas que se presentaron en la población riobambeña durante la fase de confinamiento por la COVID-19. Para esto se realizó una investigación básica, descriptiva y cualitativa que tuvo como universo 684 personas adultas de la parroquia Lizarzaburu de la ciudad de Riobamba, provincia Chimborazo, Ecuador. La muestra quedó conformada por 247 personas a las que se les aplicó un cuestionario de investigación para identificar alteraciones psicológicas. Los principales resultados muestran predominio de personas con afectación psicológica (72,47%), donde la ansiedad (37,43%), los trastornos del sueño (29,05%) y los dolores musculares (27,37%) fueron las afectaciones que con mayor frecuencia fueron reportadas. Se concluye que el periodo de confinamiento por la COVID-19 generó afectación psicológica en las personas pertenecientes a la parroquia Lizarzaburu de la ciudad de Riobamba. La no existencia de esquemas terapéuticos y preventivos de la enfermedad fue señalada como la principal causa para la aparición de trastornos psicológicos. Es necesario consolidar servicios de salud mental para hacer frente a las manifestaciones de afectación psicológicas generadas durante la fase de confinamiento obligatorio por la COVID-19.

In plants, iron (Fe) transport and homeostasis are highly regulated processes. Fe deficiency or excess dramatically limits plant and algal productivity. Interestingly, complex and unexpected interconnections between Fe and various macro- and micronutrient homeostatic networks, supposedly maintaining general ionic equilibrium and balanced nutrition, are currently being uncovered. Although these interactions have profound consequences for our understanding of Fe homeostasis and its regulation, their molecular bases and biological significance remain poorly understood. Here, we review recent knowledge gained on how Fe interacts with micronutrient (e.g. zinc, manganese) and macronutrient (e.g. sulfur, phosphate) homeostasis, and on how these interactions affect Fe uptake and trafficking. Finally, we highlight the importance of developing an improved model of how Fe signaling pathways are integrated into functional networks to control plant growth and development in response to fluctuating environments.

The semicrystalline state of polymers implies the formation of a noncrystalline interphase beside lamellar crystals known as the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF). This devitrifies on heating at temperatures much higher than the one typical of the bulk-amorphous fraction. Its glass transition and physical aging in the glassy state have thus far remained elusive. Here, we study the RAF glassy dynamics in poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) applying recently developed aging thermal protocols based on fast scanning calorimetry (FSC). Specifically, semicrystalline samples are aged in different conditions between the glass transition of mobile amorphous fraction and the crystals’ melting temperature (TM). A distinct endothermic peak at temperatures above that of aging develops with time. We provide compelling evidence that in the initial part of aging the origin of this peak is due to the enthalpy recovery of glassy RAF. At longer aging times, the aging peak is at least partly associated with secondary crystallization. Isochronous experiments at different aging temperatures enable to obtain a fair estimate of the RAF glass transition temperature, whose upper limit is about 135 °C. The proposed method holds the promise of gaining new insights into the elusive glassy dynamics of the RAF of semicrystalline polymers., The authors thank Total Corbion (The Netherlands) for kindly providing PLLA as well as Dr. Barbara Immirzi of IPCB-CNR for GPC analyses. D.C. acknowledges funding from Spanish Government “Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades” (PGC2018-094548-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE)) and Basque Government (IT-1175-19).

In the current climate of growing environmental concerns, especially taking into consideration the finite nature of global petroleum resources, biobased polymers are synthetic targets of great inte...

Precise determination of structural organization of semi-conducting polymers is of paramount importance for the further development of these materials in organic electronic technologies. Yet, prior characterization of some of the best-performing materials for transistor and photovoltaic applications, which are based on polymers with rigid backbones, often resulted in conundrums in which X-ray scattering and microscopy yielded seemingly contradicting results. Here we solve the paradox by introducing a new structural model

The interplay between the nanostructure of a doped polythiophene with oligoether side chains and its electrical as well as mechanical properties is investigated. The degree of order of the polymer is found to strongly vary when co-processed with bistriflimidic acid (H-TFSI). The neat polythiophene as well as strongly oxidized material are largely disordered while intermediate concentrations of H-TFSI give rise to a high degree of pi-stacking. The structural disorder of strongly oxidized material correlates with a decrease in the kinetic fragility with H-TFSI concentration, suggesting that positive interactions between TFSI anions and the polymer reduce the ability to crystallize. The electrical conductivity as well as the Youngs modulus first increase upon the addition of 4-10 mol% of H-TFSI, while the loss of pi-stacking observed for strongly oxidized material more significantly affects the latter. As a result, material comprising 25 mol% H-TFSI displays an electrical conductivity of 58 S cm(-1) but features a relatively low Youngs modulus of only 80 MPa. Decoupling of the electrical and mechanical properties of doped conjugated polymers may allow the design of soft conductors that are in high demand for wearable electronics and bioelectronics. Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council [2016-05990, 2018-03824]; European Union [955837]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through a Wallenberg Academy Fellowship Prolongation grant

Organic solar cells incorporating non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have reached remarkable power conversion efficiencies of over 18%. Unlike fullerene derivatives, NFAs tend to crystallize from solutions, resulting in bulk heterojunctions that include a crystalline acceptor phase. This must be considered in any morphology-function models. Here, it is confirmed that high-performing solution-processed indacenodithienothiophene-based NFAs, i.e., ITIC and its derivatives ITIC-M, ITIC-2F, and ITIC-Th, exhibit at least two crystalline forms. In addition to highly ordered polymorphs that form at high temperatures, NFAs arrange into a low-temperature metastable phase that is readily promoted via solution processing and leads to the highest device efficiencies. Intriguingly, the low-temperature forms seem to feature a continuous network that favors charge transport despite of a poorly order along the π–π stacking direction. As the optical absorption of the structurally more disordered low-temperature phase can surpass that of the more ordered polymorphs while displaying comparable—or even higher—charge transport properties, it is argued that such a packing structure is an important feature for reaching highest device efficiencies, thus, providing guidelines for future materials design and crystal engineering activities., This work is supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion/FEDER (under Ref. PGC2018-094620-A-I00 and PGC2018-095411-B-I00, CEX2019-000917-S and PGC2018- 095411-B-100) and the Basque Country Government (Ref. PIBA19-0051). S.M. is grateful to POLYMAT for the doctoral scholarship. The authors thank A. Arbe, A. Alonso-Mateo, L. Hueso for their support and access to characterization tools. The authors also thank the technical and human support provided by SGIker of UPV/EHU and European funding (ERDF and ESF). GIWAXS experiments were performed at BL11 NCD-SWEET beamline at ALBA Synchrotron (Spain) with the collaboration of ALBA staff. J.M and E.F.-G. acknowledge support through the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, H2020-FETOPEN 01- 2018-2020 (FET-Open Challenging Current Thinking), ‘LION-HEARTED', grant agreement n. 828984. J.M and N.S. would like to thank the financial support provided by the IONBIKE RISE project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 823989. N.S. and A.K. and A.B. furthermore are grateful to the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) for support via project # 1905901 within NSF’s Division of Materials Research. A. S. and M. C. acknowledge financial support by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program “HEROIC,” grant agreement 638059. This work was partially carried out at Polifab, the micro- and nanotechnology center of the Politecnico di Milano. .C.M. thanks the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation for funding through the project “Mastering Morphology for Solution-borne Electronics”.

This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments on Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis of Polymers and Nanocomposites., The present work aims to provide insights on recent findings indicating the presence of multiple equilibration mechanisms in physical aging of glasses. To this aim, we have investigated a glass forming polyether, poly(1-4 cyclohexane di-methanol) (PCDM), by following the evolution of the enthalpic state during physical aging by fast scanning calorimetry (FSC). The main results of our study indicate that physical aging persists at temperatures way below the glass transition temperature and, in a narrow temperature range, is characterized by a two steps evolution of the enthalpic state. Altogether, our results indicate that the simple old-standing view of physical aging as triggered by the α relaxation does not hold true when aging is carried out deep in the glassy state., D.C. research was funded by MICINN-Spain and FEDER-UE, grant PGC2018-094548-B-I00; and the Basque Government, grant IT-1175-19. J.M. thanks MICINN /FEDER for grant Ref. PGC2018-094620-A-I00.

Here we show that molecular doping of polymer thermoelectrics increases the electrical conductivity while reducing the thermal conductivity. A high-throughput methodology based on annealing and doping gradients within individual films is employed to self-consistently analyze and correlate electrical and thermal characteristics for the equivalent of >100 samples. We focus on the benchmark material system poly(2,5- bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT) doped with molecular acceptor 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ). The thermal conductivity of neat PBTTT films is dominated by the degree of crystallinity, with thermal percolation observed for annealing temperatures >170 °C. Upon doping the samples with a relatively low amount of F4TCNQ (anion content, We acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through projects PGC2018-095411- B-I00 and MAT2017-90024-P (TANGENTS)-EI/FEDER, UE projects; the Generalitat de Catalunya through grants 2017SGR488 and AGAUR 2018 PROD 00191; and from the European Research Council (ERC) under grant agreement no. 648901. O.Z.-A. acknowledges CONACYT-SENER for his Ph.D. scholarship (no. 472571). J.M. thanks MCIU for the Ramon y Cajal contract and grant PGC2018-094620-A-I00. ́ We thank Dr. Agusti ́ n Mihi for the access to and support with the FTIR equipment. We acknowledge the technical and human support provided by SGIker of UPV/EHU and European funding (ERDF and ESF). We thank Andreś Gomez Rodri ́ ́ guez from the Scanning Probe Microscopy Laboratory (ICMAB-CSIC) for a set of AFM measurements. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).

The relation of phase morphology and solid‐state microstructure with organic photovoltaic (OPV) device performance has intensely been investigated over the last twenty years. While it has been established that a combination of donor:acceptor intermixing and presence of relatively phase‐pure donor and acceptor domains is needed to get an optimum compromise between charge generation and charge transport/charge extraction, a quantitative picture of how much intermixing is needed is still lacking. This is mainly due to the difficulty in quantitatively analyzing the intermixed phase, which generally is amorphous. Here, fast scanning calorimetry, which allows measurement of device‐relevant thin films (, J.M. thanks MCIU for the Ramón y Cajal contract and the Ikerbasque Foundation for the Ikerbasque Research Fellow program. J.M is also grateful to MCIU (Ref. PGC2018‐094620‐A‐I00), to Basque Country Government (Ref. PIBA19‐0051). S.M. is grateful to POLYMAT for the doctoral scholarship. J.M and E.G.‐F. acknowledge support through the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, H2020‐FETOPEN‐01‐2018‐2020 (FET‐Open Challenging Current Thinking), “LION‐HEARTED”, grant agreement no. 828984. N.S. in addition gratefully acknowledges support from the IdEx Bordeaux Excellence program (ANR‐10‐IDEX‐03‐02). D.C. acknowledges the Basque Country Government (Ref. No. IT‐654‐ 13 (GV)) and MINECO (Grant No. MAT2015‐63704‐P) for their financial support. The work at Georgia Tech was supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR‐1729737). J.V. acknowledges funding by the Alexander‐von‐Humboldt Stiftung. The authors would like to thank the financial support provided by the IONBIKE RISE project. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska‐Curie grant agreement No 823989. T.Q.N. acknowledges support from the Organic Materials Chemistry Program, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant no. FA9550‐19‐1‐0348).

While photovoltaic blends based on non‐fullerene acceptors are touted for their thermal stability, this type of acceptor tends to crystallize, which can result in a gradual decrease in photovoltaic performance and affects the reproducibility of the devices. Two halogenated indacenodithienothiophene‐based acceptors that readily co‐crystallize upon mixing are studied, which indicates that the use of an acceptor mixture alone does not guarantee the formation of a disordered mixture. The addition of the donor polymer to the acceptor mixture readily suppresses the crystallization, which results in a fine‐grained ternary blend with nanometer‐sized domains that do not coarsen due to a high Tg ≈ 200 °C. As a result, annealing at temperatures of up to 170 °C does not markedly affect the photovoltaic performance of ternary devices, in contrast to binary devices that suffer from acceptor crystallization in the active layer. The results indicate that the ternary approach enables the use of high‐temperature processing protocols, which are needed for upscaling and high‐throughput fabrication of organic solar cells. Further, ternary devices display a stable photovoltaic performance at 130 °C for at least 205 h, which indicates that the use of acceptor mixtures allows to fabricate devices with excellent thermal stability., S.H. and S.H.K.P. contributed equally to this work. The authors acknowledge the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) under OSR‐2018‐CPF‐4106 and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through the project “Mastering Morphology for Solution‐borne Electronics” (2016.0059) for funding. M.C.‐Q. and A.H. acknowledge the European Research Council (ERC) for funding under grant agreement no. 648901. The authors thank MCIU for a Ramón y Cajal contract, Ikerbasque Foundation for the Fellow program (J.M) and grants Ref. PGC2018‐094620‐A‐100, SEV‐2015‐0496 and PGC2018‐095411‐B‐100. L.Y. thanks the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC 21905185) for financial support. The authors thank the National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Lab (Suffolk, Upton, New York, USA) for beamtime.

Conducting polymer scaffolds can promote cell growth by electrical stimulation, which is advantageous for some specific type of cells such as neurons, muscle, or cardiac cells. As an additional feature, the measure of their impedance has been demonstrated as a tool to monitor cell growth within the scaffold. In this work, we present innovative conducting polymer porous scaffolds based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT):xanthan gum instead of the well-known PEDOT:polystyrene sulfonate scaffolds. These novel scaffolds combine the conductivity of PEDOT and the mechanical support and biocompatibility provided by a polysaccharide, xanthan gum. For this purpose, first, the oxidative chemical polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was carried out in the presence of polysaccharides leading to stable PEDOT:xanthan gum aqueous dispersions. Then, by a simple freeze-drying process, porous scaffolds were prepared from these dispersions. Our results indicated that the porosity of the scaffolds and mechanical properties are tuned by the solid content and formulation of the initial PEDOT:polysaccharide dispersion. Scaffolds showed interconnected pore structure with tunable sizes ranging between 10 and 150 μm and Young's moduli between 10 and 45 kPa. These scaffolds successfully support three-dimensional cell cultures of MDCK II eGFP and MDCK II LifeAct epithelial cells, achieving good cell attachment with very high degree of pore coverage. Interestingly, by measuring the impedance of the synthesized PEDOT scaffolds, the growth of the cells could be monitored.

A novel synthetic strategy to isocyanate-free supramolecular polyhydroxyurethanes based on ionic interactions is described. Water-dispersible non-isocyanate polyhydroxyurethanes (WPHUs) dispersions were first prepared from aminoalkyl-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane), diglycerol dicarbonate and a 8-membered cyclic carbonate (bis-N-8-C) via phase inversion polymerization. Taking advantage of the tertiary amino-groups present in bis-N-8-C, which acted as an internal emulsifier in presence of acetic acid, WPHUs dispersions could thus be achieved. After optimizing the internal surfactant concentration, namely at 30 mol% of bis-N-8-C, stable waterborne PHU dispersions with particle size around 200 nm were obtained. Supramolecular PHU assemblies based on ionic interactions were generated by mixing carboxylic acids of different functionalities, including adipic acid or citric acid, with the optimal dispersion, in absence of any organic solvents. This simple post-chemical modification step enabled to improve the film properties. Formation of the supramolecular network was evidenced by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies. Use of citric acid was found to greatly improve the mechanical properties of the resulting films, as characterized by a transition solid/liquid, which varied from 60 °C. Supramolecular interactions impart healing abilities to the films, as determined by optical microscopy. Altogether, this study demonstrates for the first time the potential of combining water-dispersible non-isocyanate polyhydroxyurethanes with simple carboxylic acid-containing reagents, providing a straightforward and sustainable approach to novel reprocessable PHU-type materials.

Organic solar cells are thought to suffer from poor thermal stability of the active layer nanostructure, a common belief that is based on the extensive work that has been carried out on fullerene-based systems. We show that a widely studied non-fullerene acceptor, the indacenodithienothiophene-based acceptor ITIC, crystallizes in a profoundly different way as compared to fullerenes. Although fullerenes are frozen below the glass-transition temperature T-g of the photovoltaic blend, ITIC can undergo a glass-crystal transition considerably below its high T-g of similar to 180 degrees C. Nanoscopic crystallites of a low-temperature polymorph are able to form through a diffusion-limited crystallization process. The resulting fine-grained nanostructure does not evolve further with time and hence is characterized by a high degree of thermal stability. Instead, above T-g, the low temperature polymorph melts, and micrometer-sized crystals of a high-temperature polymorph develop, enabled by more rapid diffusion and hence long-range mass transport. This leads to the same detrimental decrease in photovoltaic performance that is known to occur also in the case of fullerene-based blends. Besides explaining the superior thermal stability of non-fullerene blends at relatively high temperatures, our work introduces a new rationale for the design of bulk heterojunctions that is not based on the selection of high-T-g materials per se but diffusion-limited crystallization. The planar structure of ITIC and potentially other non-fullerene acceptors readily facilitates the desired glass-crystal transition, which constitutes a significant advantage over fullerenes, and may pave the way for truly stable organic solar cells. We acknowledge financial support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through the project "Mastering Morphology for Solution-borne Electronics", the Swedish Research Council (grant agreement no. 2016-06146), and the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (grant agreement no. RMA15-0052). We thank the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), supported by the NSF under award DMR-1332208, for providing time for GIWAXS measurements. J.B. and K.V. acknowledge funding from the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) through the InnoProfile project "Organische p-i-n Bauelemente 2.2" (03IPT602X).

Dissertação de mestrado em European and Transglobal Business Law, Our reality nowadays is essentially focused on the “virtual world”, where everything is for our disposal through a mere “click”. We can say that what would be a set of atoms in the past, is nowadays a set of bits. Knowledge is now disseminated through digital means, such as computers or other forms of communication. However, not everything is perfect under the Digital World, and it is necessary to pay attention to the central issue of our subject that is the copyright and its protection under the digital environment. So, this dissertation will have as main objective the understanding of the Copyright World under the Digital World, questioning how do they relate and connect. We are going also try to understand the photography as an intellectual work, under the international context, focusing on the Brazilian and Portuguese legal system’s perspective. For this, we will have three chapters under analysis. The first one focus on a general approach to the subject, where I am going to present a brief historical introduction, moving towards a general understanding of the subject, and try to provide a concept of copyright, its legal nature, economic and moral value and its protection. Under the second chapter we are going to analyse some technical concepts that involve our subject, the concept of photography, digital environment and the relation between law and Intellectual Property, as well as the concept of applicable law. In the last and third chapter, we are going discuss the problems that lie at the basis of our study, entering on the details of the understanding of Private International Law, and types of legislation applicable in cases of information societies and the relation with the Intellectual Property, as well as the concrete analysis of the Portuguese and Brazilian legislation, the establishment of the applicable law and lastly the final conclusions of all our study., A nossa realidade hoje é essencialmente focada no “Mundo Virtual”, onde tudo se encontra à nossa disposição através de um mero “click”. Nos dias de hoje podemos afirmar que aquilo que seria constituído por um conjunto de átomos é hoje constituído por conjunto de bits. O conhecimento é hoje disseminado através de meios digitais, como computadores ou outras formas de comunicação, sendo fácil o acesso ao mesmo. Porém, nem tudo é perfeito no Mundo Digital, sendo mesmo necessário prestar atenção à questão central do nosso tema que são os direitos de autor e respectiva protecção no ambiente digital. Assim sendo, esta dissertação terá como principal objectivo entender o Mundo dos direitos de Autor, o Mundo Digital, e a forma como estes se relacionam e conectam, indo mais longe ainda, tentando entender a fotografia como obra intelectual no contexto internacional, focando nos sistemas jurídicos Brasileiro e Português essencialmente. São três os capítulos em análise, iniciando-se o primeiro com uma breve introdução histórica, avançando depois para um entendimento geral do tema. No segundo capítulo conhecemos alguns conceitos técnicos que envolvem o nosso tema. No terceiro e último capítulo entramos no estudo do Direito Internacional Privado e tipos de legislação aplicável no caso das sociedades de informação e respectiva Propriedade Intelectual, bem como a análise concreta da legislação portuguesa e brasileiro, o estabelecimento da lei aplicável e em último lugar a apresentação das conclusões finais sobre o nosso tópico.

9 pags., 8 figs., The optical properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) can be controlled by processing the polymer in the form of nanoparticles dispersed in aqueous mediums. Colloids of P3HT were prepared by two different methods: flash –or reprecipitation- and miniemulsion precipitation technique, which result in the latter case in a polymer-water system whose stability is mediated by an ionic surfactant. Both systems yield different color dispersions, thus different absorption spectra, that is explained to be caused by the influence of the surfactant on the structure of P3HT. Differential scanning calorimetry and synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction experiments reveal the origin of these optical differences, showing evidences of the formation of a blended structure formed due to the interaction between P3HT and the ionic surfactant. This work evidences the potential use of techniques for preparing nanoparticles in water dispersions as a tool to manipulate the structure and thus, the optical properties of these materials., This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the projects PID2019-107514 GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and PID2019-106125 GB- I00/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033, and Garantía Juvenil/Fondo Europeo. We thank E. Solano for assistance and support during beamtime in ALBA. J.M. thanks MCIU for the Ramon y Cajal contract and the grant Ref. PGC2018- 094620-A-I00 and Ikerbasque Foundation for the Fellow program

Vivendo na sociedade patriarcal, machista e misógina que é a portuguesa no período do Estado Novo (1933-1974), Irene Lisboa (1892-1958) ousa pôr em causa normas sociais e literárias. Em linha com a experimentação modernista, assina os seus livros de poemas com o pseudónimo “João Falco”, acto revelador da recusa de conformidades e imposições. A sua inteligente intuição parece já entrever as limitações de uma categorização em duas identidades fixas, cada uma com o seu conjunto de possibilidades e preconceitos. Partindo de alguns contributos dos estudos feministas, interroga-se a definição e a construção de uma identidade de género da “mulher” representada na poesia de Irene Lisboa. Irene Lisboa (1892-1958) lived under an oppressive political regime: the Estado Novo (1933-1974). It promoted a patriarchal, male chauvinistic and misogynistic society, in which women had a few to none public roles available to perform. Thus, Lisboa’s writings are a most important case in point of a category frowned upon during this period: female authorship. Performing modernist experiences, Lisboa wrote under a male pseudonym, João Falco, which reveals her refusal to conform to social and literary rules and overcome the limitations of a binary gendered identity and society. Having started from the contribution of some feminist studies, this article questions the definition of a gender identity of the “woman” depicted in Lisboa’s poetry.

El present treball és un reportatge literari sobre les persones desaparegudes sense causa aparent. A través de la història de la desaparició de Ramón García, un home de 54 anys amb una discapacitat psíquica del 65%, s'aborden diverses fases per les quals passen els familiars des del moment en què una persona desapareix; Incredulitat, desesperació, desemparament, frustració, incertesa…Així com les qüestions burocràtiques, la falta d'empatia social i la poca informació a la qual s'enfronten els familiars d'una persona absent. El presente trabajo es un reportaje literario sobre las personas desaparecidas sin causa aparente. A través de la historia de la desaparición de Ramón García, un hombre de 54 años con una discapacidad psíquica del 65%, se abordan varias fases por las que pasan los familiares desde el momento en que una persona desaparece; Incredulidad, desesperación, desamparo, frustración, incertidumbre…Así como las cuestiones burocráticas, la falta de empatía social y la poca información a la que se enfrentan los familiares de una persona ausente. The present paper is a literary article about missing persons with no apparent cause. Through the disappearance of Ramón García, a 54-year-old man with a mental disability of 65%, the story addresses the several phases relatives have to deal with from the moment a person dissapears, such as: disbelief, despair, helplessness, frustration, uncertainty… As well as the bureaucratic matters, the lack of social empathy and the scarce information available that relatives from a missing person have to face.

Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Jornalismo e Comunicação apresentado à Faculdade de Letras A participação política dos cidadãos na vida pública é a garantia de uma democracia forte. Na definição de Habermas, o espaço público ideal é um fórum de discussão aberto a todos os cidadãos, no qual se debatem ideias com o objetivo da obtenção de um consenso sobre o que é melhor para o bem comum. Sem política não é possível a vida em sociedade, pois é a política que dá sentido à ação coletiva (Innerarity, 2006: 22). Por seu turno, a comunicação permite a manutenção de uma cultura política, “na qual os debates políticos produzidos nas instâncias informais de deliberação originam consequências na ação das instituições políticas” (Correia et al., 2010: 3). Atualmente, a Internet ocupa um papel central nas nossas vidas. Estamos, de uma forma geral, sempre ligados. Por essa razão, é fundamental refletir sobre a utilização política que fazemos da Internet. Aquando do surgimento deste meio, pensava-se que o mesmo viria ampliar o espaço público, funcionando como uma arena global, permitindo o acesso de novos participantes, mesmo daqueles que nunca tinham tido a oportunidade de serem ouvidos. Mas será a interação entre utilizadores da Internet o correspondente aos debates que os cidadãos burgueses empreendiam nos cafés dos séculos XVIII e XIX? Terão os media digitais a mesma importância ou cumprem as mesmas funções que os jornais tinham para estes espaços? Oferece a Internet a possibilidade aos cidadãos para exercerem uma comunicação horizontal com os seus governantes, tal como prometeu?O trabalho que apresentamos de seguida propõe uma reflexão teórica sobre estas questões. O nosso objetivo é estudar o espaço público digital e de que forma se desenrolam os debates políticos na Internet. Para tal, levamos a cabo uma investigação na qual analisamos o estado do debate no espaço de comentários do jornal Expresso, no Facebook. A escolha do corpus foi feita a partir dos artigos produzidos para a secção Online, durante o período de estágio curricular, de 1 de setembro de 2016 a 28 de fevereiro de 2017. The political participation of citizens in public life is the guarantee of a strong democracy. In Habermas's definition, the ideal public space is a discussion forum open to all citizens, in which ideas are discussed in order to reach consensus on what is best for the common good. Without politics, life in society is not possible, since it is politics that gives meaning to the collective action (Innerarity, 2006: 22). Besides, communication allows the maintenance of a political culture “in which one the political debates produced in the informal instances of deliberation give rise to consequences in the action of political institutions” (Correia et al., 2010: 3).Nowadays, the Internet plays a central role in our lives. We are, in a general way, always connected. For this reason, it is fundamental to reflect on the political use that we make of the Internet. When this medium was created, it was thought that it would expand the public space, functioning as a global arena, allowing the access of new participants, even of those who had never had the opportunity to be heard. But does the interaction between Internet users correspond to the debates that bourgeois citizens waged in the cafes of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? Do digital media have the same importance or perform the same functions that newspapers had for these spaces? Does the Internet offer citizens the possibility to establish a horizontal communication with their rulers as promised?The work presented below proposes a theoretical reflection on these issues. Our goal is to study the digital public space and how political debates on the Internet are being lead. To do this, we carried out an investigation in which we analyzed the state of the debate that happens in the comments section of the newspaper Expresso’s Facebook page. The choice of the corpus was made from the articles produced for the Online section, during the curricular internship period, from 1st September 2016 to 28th February 2017.

Mestrado em Toxicologia e Ecotoxicologia Os ambientes aquáticos estão contaminados por muitos poluentes, incluindo pesticidas e metais. Tem sido demonstrado que as diatomáceas são sensíveis a tais micropoluentes. Estudos anteriores demonstraram grupos monofiléticos de diatomáceas com tolerância homogénea a herbicidas, pressupondo-se que a sensibilidade de um determinado grupo taxonómico é homogénea. Esta hipótese foi investigada com Nitzschia palea e Achnanthidium spp, espécies com sensibilidades distintas à poluição, bem como a diversidade filogenética, taxonómica e intra-específica. A hipótese original de sensibilidade do grupo monofilético aos herbicidas também foi testada. Trinta e nove estirpes, incluindo 11 de Achnanthidium spp e 14 de N. palea, foram submetidas a ensaios biológicos para avaliar a sua sensibilidade aos herbicidas atrazina, terbutrina, diurão e isoproturão. As estirpes de N. palea também foram testadas quanto à sua sensibilidade a metais, tais como o cádmio e cobre. Culturas mono-específicas foram expostas a estas substâncias durante 96 horas, após as quais se avaliou a inibição do crescimento. A sensibilidade das estirpes foi combinada com a sua filogenia para verificar a existência de uma ligação entre ambos. Para N. palea e Achnanthidium spp, a origem das estirpes também foi ponderada para estabelecer se a distância geográfica desempenhava um papel relevante na sensibilidade de estirpes de uma mesma espécie. Numa segunda fase, uma estirpe sensível e uma tolerante de N. palea foram expostas a atrazina, diurão, cádmio e cobre, e analisadas a nível bioquímico. Observou-se uma correlação entre a sensibilidade das espécies para todos os pesticidas, com excepção da atrazina. Quanto às espécies analisadas intraspecificamente, não se encontrou qualquer correlação para as estirpes de N. palea e Achnantidium spp quando expostas à atrazina, no entanto, para Achnantidium spp exposto aos outros herbicidas e N. palea exposta a metais verificou-se correlação entre isolados da mesma espécie. A distância geográfica entre isolados não contribuiu significativamente para a variação observada na sensibilidade, com excepção dos ensaios com metais. Ao nível bioquímico, o isolado tolerante e o sensível apresentaram diferentes estratégias, não havendo um parâmetro que se destacasse como possível biomarcador. Aquatic environments are impacted by many pollutants, including pesticides and metals. It has been shown that diatoms are sensitive to such micropollutants. Previous studies have shown clades of diatoms with homogeneous herbicide tolerance, making the assumption that a given taxon’s sensitivity is homogeneous. This hypothesis was investigated with Nitzschia palea and Achnanthidium spp, species with distinct sensitivity to pollution, as well as taxonomic and intraspecific phylogenetic diversity. The original clade sensitivity to herbicides hypothesis was also tested. Thirty-nine strains, comprising 11 of Achnanthidium spp and 14 of N. palea, were bioassayed to assess their sensitivity to the herbicides atrazine, terbutryn, diuron and isoproturon. The N. palea strains were also tested for their sensitivity to cadmium and copper. Single strain cultures were exposed to these substances for 96 hours, after which growth inhibition was assessed. Strains’ sensitivity was matched to its phylogeny to verify the existence of a link between both. For N. palea and Achnanthidium spp, strains’ origin was also weighted in to establish if the geographic distance played a role in the sensitivity of strains from the same species. In a second phase, one sensitive and one tolerant N. palea strain were chosen to be exposed to atrazine, diuron, cadmium and copper and analysed at a biochemical level. A correlation between species’ sensitivity was observed for all the pesticides, except for atrazine. As for the species analysed intraspecifically, while no correlation was found for the N. palea strains or Achnanthidium spp when exposed to atrazine, it was present for Achnanthidium spp, when exposed to the other herbicides and N. palea exposed to metals. Geographic distance among each strain isolates did not account significantly for the sensitivity variation observed, with exception of the metal assays. At a biochemical level, tolerant and sensitive strain often presented different strategies, with no parameter standing out as a potential biomarker

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la conducta alimentaria y el estado nutricional de los niños de 1 a 4 años que acuden al Centro de Salud Materno Infantil San Genaro de Chorrillos 2016. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo con diseño correlacional, transversal y enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 108 niños de 1 a 4 años de edad, que fueron atendidos en el Consultorio de Crecimiento y Desarrollo del Centro de Salud Materno Infantil San Genaro de Chorrillos, año 2016.para la recolección de los datos se utilizó 3 instrumentos. El análisis estadístico se realizó haciendo uso del programa estadístico SPSS V.22,0, y para para el análisis inferencial se utilizó la prueba estadística no paramétrica de Chi cuadrado. Resultados: La población fue 1320 niños entre 1 a 4 años de edad; con una muestra representativa de n= 108, de los cuales el 41.7% (45) pertenecen al sexo femenino y el 58.3% al sexo masculino. El 34% de los niños presentan alteración en su estado nutricional, encontrándose mayor alteración a la evaluación del parámetro nutricional Peso para Talla, con un 27.8% de casos, de sobrepeso (18.5%) y obesidad (9.3%). Así mismo según la evaluación de Talla para edad se encontró que de los 6 niños con talla baja, 4 presentan trastornos de obesidad o sobrepeso, lo que agrava aún más su estado de salud actual y a futuro. El 86.1% de los niños, presentan Conducta alimentaria inadecuada, y el 13.9% Conducta alimentaria adecuada. De los niños con obesidad 7/10 tuvo conducta alimentaria inadecuada y de los niños con Sobrepeso, 13/20 tuvo conducta alimentaria inadecuada. Conclusión: Se observa que la Conducta alimentaria están relacionada con el estado nutricional de los niños de 1 a 4 años (Sig = 0.00 < P -value = 0.05). Tesis

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In this paper, a feasibility study of the application of the tissue sensing adaptive radar technique for imaging of the knee is presented. Selected tissues of the knee joints were characterized, from the dielectric properties point of view, through measurements on bovine tissue samples using a high precision dielectric probe. Based on the acquired data, numerical studies were conducted on a realistic finite-difference time-domain model of a meniscus, as well as on a model of a patellar tendon to investigate the possibility of detecting lesions. To confirm our observations, measurements on healthy and experimentally torn menisci and tendons from bovines were performed. Overall, the results suggest that microwave imaging has potential for knee imaging.

We report on experimental tests of microwave breast cancer detection using the radar-based imaging method and breast phantoms, i.e., structures whose size and shape are similar to reality, and whose electric properties are close to those known for the normal and tumoral tissues. Different antennas have been designed, fabricated and tested in operation in the experimental setup. Measurements were carried out in the frequency domain, with transient response synthetically obtained via numerical processing of data. We have found that alcohol is a useful coupling medium, and devised a practical arrangement to avoid contact between the breast and such a medium. We propose a new algorithm to reduce the sensitivity of the reconstruction algorithm to the assumption of the propagation velocity of the wave in the background and in the normal tissue. In our experiments, the contrast between the media simulating normal and tumoral tissues was between 1.65 and 2.45 in permittivity and 0.45 to 1.45 in conductivity. We were able to correctly detect tumor-simulating obstacles with 1 cm diameter, without false positives. We have found that the band below 1 GHz was of paramount importance for the correct imaging, while we did not observe significant advantages in including the band between 1 and 9 GHz.

The 2D (range and azimuth) radar system here presented has been developed for civilian and industrial anti-intrusion applications and has been designed to provide an impassable protection barrier with controllable width (down to one meter). It is based on a CW double chirp technique: a linearly changing frequency signal is transmitted and the signals reflected by possible intruders (targets) are properly processed to determine, by analyzing their frequency content, the position in azimuth and range of the target itself. The system is mainly composed of a 24 GHz transceiver module for the transmission and reception of the signals, a real-time processing DSP-based board and an interface board for communication with the user and with external devices. The transceiver module includes one transmitting (TX) and two receiving (RX) antennas and an MMIC chip for the generation of the radar signals and the reception of echoes and their coherent pulse compression and filtering. The TX and RX antennas are patch 2D arrays with a designed beam-width of approximately 6° and side-lobe suppression achieved through appropriate elements power tapering. The main element of the transceiver is an MMIC chip which converts the triangular continuous wave generated by the DSP board into a varying frequency (24-24.250 GHz) wave for feeding the TX antenna. The high frequency received echo signals are then pulse compressed by the MMIC, filtered and sent back to the DSP board. The processing board is equipped with a DAC, four ADCs, a 300 MHz DSP and many peripherals. The received echo signals, converted into frequency domain through complex FFT, are processed with sophisticated algorithms for background removal (MTI filter), thresholding (CFAR algorithms, RCS analysis and more) and range determination. The determination of the azimuthal position of the target is based on a phase comparison mono-pulse technique. The analysis allows to determine both the range and the azimuth position and to accurately achieve the desired 2D shape of the detection area (usually a very narrow BLADE shape). The sophisticated processing algorithm makes the system resilient to atmospheric events such as wind, snow and rain, and capable of discriminating between human targets and small animals. The interface board gives the user the possibility to properly configure the radar system by setting all the parameters through an appropriate GUI and regulate the radar sensitivity all over the protection area. Furthermore, it allows the system to be integrated in a network of sensors, video cameras and other devices

As circunstâncias que rodeiam o percurso literário da poetisa e novelista Judith Teixeira (1880-1959) fazem com que esta possa ser considerada um perfeito exemplo daquilo que Terry Castle apresenta como “the apparitional lesbian”. Quando publica o seu primeiro volume de poesia, Decadência (1923), vê-se envolvida num escândalo, com o seu livro apreendido e queimado, por ter escrito sobre a sensualidade do corpo feminino e aludido a relações amorosas entre mulheres. Antes que um absurdo silêncio a envolva e a afaste completamente da intensa vida social e literária que levava, publicará Castelo de Sombras. Poemas (1923), Nua. Poemas de Bizâncio (1926), a conferência De Mim. Em que se explicam as minhas razões sobre a vida, sobre a estética, sobre a moral (1926) e as novelas Satânia (1927). Só quinze anos depois da sua morte se começará a ouvir de novo, filtrada pelas sensibilidades contemporâneas, a voz modernista de Judith Teixeira.

A guided radar arc detection and localization system has been designed, fabricated, installed in the feed line to one of the resonant loops on the 285/300 FW antenna, and successfully tested during vacuum conditioning. The system injects a train of binary phase-modulated pulses at a carrier frequency of 25 MHz up-shifted to around 450MHz into the main high power transmission line connected to the antenna through a septate coupler and a circulator. The pulses are reflected by arcs, and the time delay provides the distance to the arc. The reflected signals are analyzed in real time, with a time response sufficient to provide active arc detection as well as localization. RF pulses have been injected into the antenna at a power level of up to 650kW. The arc location was varied by either puffing gas into the vacuum vessel, in which case arcs always occurred in the antenna, or injecting RF without a gas puff, in which case the arcs almost always occurred in the transmission line feeding the antenna. The localization obtained during these initial tests had a relatively low resolution of about 2 m, but arcs occurring inside or outside the antenna could clearly be differentiated and corresponded with the expected location. The septate coupler proved fully compatible with the antenna feed and matching network and improved performance significantly in comparison to the use of directional couplers.

Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic used for schizophrenia, manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder and as adjunctive therapy for major depressive disorder. It functions as a partial agonist at dopamine D2 and 5-HT1A receptors, and as an antagonist at the 5-HT2A receptor. The most recent results obtained from scientific research showed that dopaminergic mechanisms are involved in motivation, reward, and reinforcement of substance abuse. The use of aripiprazole and partial dopamine agonists could represent a novel strategy for normalizing dopamine neurotransmission. Many studies in the last few years have highlighted aripiprazole as a potential candidate for the treatment of different types of substance dependence. This review aims to describe recent scientific research using aripiprazole in different substance abuse disorders (i.e., alcoholism, cocaine, amphetamine and nicotine use). Furthermore, the efficacy of aripiprazole compared to other pharmacological therapies will be described. Given the low number of studies, the frequent absence of placebo or active comparators, and the low statistical power of the studies, a clear conclusion about the use of aripiprazole in alcohol/substance dependence cannot be drawn. Therefore, we suggest the need for further studies, preferably randomized and placebo-controlled.

Mestrado em Reabilitação Psicomotora Objectivo: O presente estudo teve como objectivo principal caracterizar as funções executivas na Perturbação de Hiperactividade com Défice de Atenção (PHDA), Síndrome de Asperger (SA) e Dislexia, por comparação com um Grupo de Controlo (GC) com desenvolvimento típico, através da aplicação das formas Pais e Professores do BRIEF - Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. O segundo objectivo deste estudo foi perceber se este instrumento tem alguma pertinência na avaliação das funções executivas. Metodologia: Foram comparados quatro grupos de crianças (PHDA, SA, Dislexia e Controlo), com idades entre os 6 e os 11 anos, em 8 áreas específicas do funcionamento executivo: Inibição, Mudança, Controlo Emocional, Iniciativa, Memória de Trabalho, Planeamento/Organização, Organização de Materiais e Monitorização. Resultados: Observaram-se diferenças significativas entre os grupos nas escalas Inibição, Mudança (forma Professores), controlo Emocional (forma Professores) e Memória de Trabalho (forma Pais), obtendo ordenação média elevada ao nível do grupo PHDA. O grupo SA apresentou ordenação média elevada, apesar de não significativa, nas escalas Organização de Materiais (forma Pais) e Monitorização (forma Professores). O grupo Dislexia apresentou maior classificação, apesar de não significativa, na escala Iniciativa e na forma Professores das escalas Memória de Trabalho e Planeamento/Organização. Conclusão: O grupo PHDA apresentou a ordenação média mais elevada em todas as escalas, com excepção de uma, bem como classificação superior, apesar de não significativa, no CEG, indicando um maior nível disfuncional. Este facto apoia positivamente a pertinência do BRIEF na avaliação das funções executivas em diferentes perturbações.

Este trabalho resulta de um estágio no Museu Nacional do Traje e desenvolve um texto explicativo teórico-prático em tomo de Yves Saint Laurent. Além de uma biografia inclui capítulos temáticos dedicados às suas fontes de pesquisa como a pintura, as geografias e a história. Outros evocam as suas musas e reflectem sobre o seu estilo e técnica de trabalho. Destacam-se os conceitos lançados pelo mestre costureiro e os seus legados para o mundo da Moda, que resultam num reconhecimento universal e institucional da sua obra. Alguns quadros ilustram pontos chave que unem a obra de Saint Laurent às grandes directrizes da moda do séc. XX e às suas imagens, parte importante deste trabalho, que ilustram, confirmam e estabelecem comparações entre si. As proximidades entre Moda e Arte são abordadas sobre diferentes prespectivas sem a tentação, arriscada, de as tomar uma pela outra.