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Introduction: To analyze, using bibliometric techniques, the scientific production on drug-related problem (DRP) indexed in the Scopus bibliographic database. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were obtained from the Scopus database, querying with the term “drug-related problem” in the registration fields of title, abstract and keywords; final search date January 2024. Results: A total of 2992 references were obtained. The annual relationship of the number of publications showed a direct linear regression model (R2 = 0.8; p < 0.001). The most frequent document type was the original article with 2455 (82.1%) references, with a productivity index of 3.4. Papers published in 26 different languages were identified, with English being the predominant language with 2607 (87.1%) papers. There was a statistically significant correlation between JCR and CiteScore impact indicators (R = 0.7, p = 0.005). A total of 40659 keywords (KW) were found, with an average of 13.6 KW per paper. The most used KW was Human, in 2411 (5.9%) times. Conclusions: Taking into account all previously mentioned, it could be concluded: This study showed that research in the field of DRPs has experienced a steady growth over the years, although it has not yet reached exponential growth. The original article was the most common type of document in scientific production. There was a clear Anglo-Saxon influence, both in terms of language and institutional affiliation. The lack of use of standardized language was evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have revived the issue of whether the five-factor personality model or Big Five is the most valid to summarize the most relevant personality traits or whether, on the contrary, the basic structure of personality traits would better fit a six-factor model such as the HEXACO model: Honesty–Humility (H), Emotionality (E), Extraversion (X), Agreeableness (A), Conscientiousness (C), and Openness to Experience (O). In a Spanish community sample of 682 adults, the factorial structure of the 30 facets of the NEO-Revised Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and its 16 facets common to the HEXACO model was analyzed. In two subsamples of participants, the internal structure of the NEO PI-R, of 30 and 16 facets, fit the five-factor Big Five model better than the six-factor HEXACO model. In addition, the internal 30-facet structure of the NEO-PI-R replicated that obtained in the original US validation and those previously obtained in Spain, although the latter used different participant samples (people evaluated in personnel selection processes, university students). These results suggest that, at least in Spain, the five-factor personality model or Big Five is still the most valid taxonomy of personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term (5 years) clinical efficacy of the one‐abutment one‐time protocol (test) versus the standard of care by placing the definitive abutment on the day of the prosthetic delivery (control). Materials and Methods: In this study, 39 subjects with 60 implants were randomly allocated to either the test or the control group. Changes in the radiographic interproximal bone levels (DIB), modified sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, modified plaque index, papilla fill (Jemt score), incidence of peri‐implantitis and peri‐implant mucositis as well as patient‐reported outcomes measures (PROMs) were collected and compared at 1, 3 and 5 years. Results: At 5 years, the control group showed a greater, although not statistically significant, change in mean DIB values (0.97 mm vs. 0.53 mm). Regarding the other clinical parameters evaluated, no statistically significant differences were observed between groups at any time point. At 5 years, 51% of the implants presented peri‐implant mucositis (25.5% in the control and 23.5% in the test), and only one implant in the test group developed peri‐implantitis. Conclusions: The connection and disconnection of healing abutments during the healing period was not associated with higher long‐term bone loss. Clinical outcomes and PROMs were similar between groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the study was to verify whether levels of procalcitonin (PCT) could guide us toward determining the type of bacteria causing the sepsis and to identify the discriminatory cut-off point in the first urgent laboratory test. This study is a single center retrospective analysis that includes 371 patients with a mean age of 71.7 ± 15.6 years who were diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock. The yield of blood cultures in demonstrating the causative microbiological agent was 24.3% (90), and it was 57, 1% (212) when evaluating all types of cultures. Statistically significant positive differences were observed in the mean value of the PCT between the group that obtained positive cultures and the group that did not (p < 0.0001). The AUC-ROC of PCT values as a guide to the causal bacteria type was 0.68 (95%CI: 0.57–0.78, p < 0.0021). The PCT value that showed the best diagnostic characteristics for identifying Gram-negative rods (GNR) as the causative agent in blood cultures was 2.1 ng/mL. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 78, 9% (66.3–88.1%). The AUC-ROC of the PCT values for sepsis diagnosis, with any positive culture that could be assessed, was 0.67 (95%CI: 0.63–0.73, p < 0.0001). The PCT value that showed the best diagnostic characteristic for predicting sepsis was 3.6 ng/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of the hollow-fibre system for tuberculosis (HFS-TB) in drug development. The study aims to optimize and standardize operational procedures of the HFS-TB. The researchers conducted experiments to analyze the impact of various variables, such as bacterial adaptation time, cartridge size, and bacterial strain, on the effectiveness of moxifloxacin, a drug used to treat tuberculosis. The findings highlight the need for standardization and proper reporting of critical parameters in HFS-TB studies to improve the reliability and clinical relevance of the results. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of minimally invasive ultrasound-guided fascial release and a foot orthoses with first metatarsal head cutout on the biomechanics of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot in cadaveric specimens. Design: A cross-sectional study was designed (20 body donors). Anthropometric measurements of the foot, foot posture index, and the windlass test and force were measured in different conditions: unloaded, loaded position, with foot orthoses, after a 25% plantar fascia release and after a 50% release. Results: For the anthropometric measurements of the foot, differences were found in foot length (P = 0.009), arch height (P < 0.001), and midfoot width (P = 0.019) when comparing the unloaded versus foot orthoses condition. When foot orthoses were compared with 25% plantar fascial release, differences were found in foot length (P = 0.014) and arch height (P < 0.001). In the comparison with 50% plantar fascial release, differences were found in the arch height (P < 0.001). A significant interaction between foot orthoses condition and grades was found in the arch height during the windlass test (P = 0.021). Conclusions: The results indicate that the presence of foot orthoses leads to a significant increase in arch height compared with other conditions. Furthermore, when plantar fascia release is performed, the arch does not exhibit any signs of collapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare respiratory system compliance (C RS), expressed per kilogram of bodyweight (C RS BW), calculated without end-inspiratory pause (EIP) and after three EIP times (0.2, 0.5 and 1 seconds) with that after 3 second EIP (considered the reference EIP for static C RS) and to determine the EIP times that provided C RS BW values in acceptable agreement with static C RS BW during controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) in anaesthetized dogs. Prospective, randomized, nonblinded, crossover clinical study. A group of 24 client-owned dogs with healthy lungs undergoing surgery in lateral recumbency. During CMV in dogs undergoing general anaesthesia, five EIPs [0 (no EIP), 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 3 seconds] were consecutively applied in random order. Tidal volume (V t) was set at 10 mL kg–1 and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was not applied. Respiratory rate and inspiratory time were established according to each EIP time, setting EIP between 0 and 50% of the inspiratory time. The C RS BW was calculated as [expired V t /(plateau pressure – PEEP)]/bodyweight and recorded every 15 seconds for 2 minutes after a 5 minute equilibration period with each EIP. One-way anova for repeated measures and the Bland–Altman analysis were used to compare C RS BW and evaluate agreement between EIP times, respectively. The C RS BW was significantly greater as the EIP time increased up to 1 second (p < 0.05). In the Bland–Altman analysis, none of the tested EIPs (0, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 seconds) provided 95% confidence intervals for limits of agreement within the maximum allowed difference considered for acceptable agreement with 3 second EIP. and clinical relevance An EIP ≤ to 1 second does not provide a C RS BW value in acceptable agreement with static C RS BW in healthy dogs. Besides, the application of an EIP ≤ to 0.5 seconds underestimates the static C RS BW to an increasing extent as the EIP time decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to explore and compare the framing of the disruptive innovation phenomenon by the business media and the academic literature. For this purpose, 1160 news articles available on the Factiva database and 228 academic papers published in the Web of Science in the last 20 years were content analysed through an automated text-mining method. The results revealed that the representation of the disruptive innovation phenomenon in the news media diverges with the academic discourse despite the common vocabulary. While researchers describe disruptive innovation as a process/business model involving an improved performance, the media has not yet evolved from the technology-based perspective. Also, the media tends to focus on the features of the disruptive products and services but fails to discuss their value to the market. The framing of the social side of disruptive innovation also differs. The study offers three contributions: (i) it reveals the main concepts representing the term 'disruptive innovation' in the media and scholar discourse, (ii) it suggests future academic research avenues based on media interest and (iii) it emphasises media coverage gaps stemming from its failure to communicate the advances in the academic research on disruptive innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Risk factors shaping host-parasite interactions impact the clinical management of canine leishmaniosis. • Renal and ocular findings are major risk factors for LeishVet stages III and IV. • Diagnosis of comorbidities is key to managing dogs with leishmaniosis, although independent of their clinical outcome. • A complex polygenic component underlies the development of severe clinical forms of leishmaniosis in certain purebred dogs. • Protective immunity against Leishmania parasites is related to genetic factors involved in the ER stress and UPR pathways. Canine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by Leishmania infantum , is a complex disease of growing importance in Europe. Clinical manifestations result from the down-modulation of the host immune response through multiple host-parasite interactions. Although several factors might influence CanL progression, this is the first known study evaluating risk factors for its different clinical stages in a large referral hospital population (n = 35.669) from an endemic area, over a 20 year period. Genome-wide scans for selection signatures were also conducted to explore the genomic component of clinical susceptibility to L. infantum infection. The prevalence of CanL was 3.2% (16.7% stage I; 43.6% stage II; 32.1% stage III; 7.6% stage IV). Dog breed (crossbreed), bodyweight (<10 kg), living conditions (indoors), regular deworming treatment, and being vaccinated against Leishmania significantly decreased the transmission risk and the risk for developing severe clinical forms. Conversely, the detection of comorbidities was associated with advanced clinical forms, particularly chronic kidney disease, neoplasia, cryptorchidism, infectious tracheobronchitis and urate urolithiasis, although those did not impact the clinical outcome. Significant associations between an increased risk of severe clinical stages and findings in the anamnesis (renal or skin-related manifestations) and physical examination (ocular findings) were also detected, highlighting their diagnostic value in referred cases of CanL. Sixteen breeds were found to be significantly more susceptible to developing severe stages of leishmaniosis (e.g. Great Dane, Rottweiler, English Springer Spaniel, Boxer, American Staffordshire Terrier, Golden Retriever), while 20 breeds displayed a clinical resistantance phenotype and, thus, are more likely to mount an efficient immune response against L. infantum (e.g. Pointer, Samoyed, Spanish Mastiff, Spanish Greyhound, English Setter, Siberian Husky). Genomic analyses of these breeds retrieved 12 regions under selection, 63 candidate genes and pinpointed multiple biological pathways such as the IRE1 branch of the unfolded protein response, which could play a critical role in clinical susceptibility to L. infantum infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nurse-led preventive home visiting programmes can improve health-related outcomes in community-dwelling older adults, but they have not proven to be cost-effective. Home visiting programmes led by nursing students could be a viable alternative. However, we do not know how community-dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity experience home visiting programmes in which nursing students carry out health promotion activities. The aim of the study is to understand how community-dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity experience a home visiting programme led by nursing students. Methods: A qualitative study based on Gadamer's hermeneutics. Thirty-one community-dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity were interviewed in-depth. Fleming's method for conducting hermeneutic, Gadamerian-based studies was followed and ATLAS.ti software was used for data analysis. Results: Two main themes were generated: (1) 'The empowering experience of a personalised health-promoting intervention', and (2) 'The emancipatory effect of going beyond standardised self-care education'. Conclusions: The home visiting programme contributed to the community-dwelling older adults feeling more empowered to engage in health-promoting self-care behaviours. It also improved the older adults' sense of autonomy and self-efficacy, while reducing their loneliness and addressing some perceived shortcomings of the healthcare system. Clinical relevance: Older adults participating in a home visiting programme led by nursing students feel empowered to implement self-care behaviours, which has a positive impact on their perceived health status. Nurse leaders and nursing regulatory bodies could collaborate with nursing faculties to integrate preventive home visiting programmes led by nursing students into the services offered to community-dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of jet-fuel precursors from furfural via aldol-condensation with methyl-isobutyl ketone (MIBK) over defect-engineered UiO-66(Zr) catalysts is presented. The catalysts are prepared using formic acid (FA), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and HCl as synthesis modulators, leading to the incorporation of defects on the microcrystalline structure of the metalorganic framework (MOF) material, which dramatically boosts the catalytic performance. An extensive characterization of the modified catalysts by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), argon adsorption isotherm, thermogravimetry (TGA), transmission electron microscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed acetonitrile, confirmed the incorporation of missing-linker and missing-node defects within the MOF structure, enabling the explanation of the enhancement in the catalytic process. The analysis of the reaction kinetics evidences that, working under moderate temperature conditions, conversion of furfural and selectivity to the desired adduct (FuMe) close to 100% can be achieved, avoiding the formation of degradation and bulkier compounds. Finally, despite the generation of defects within the UiO-66(Zr) structure, the resultant catalyst displays good reusability in low furfural concentration mediums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aim Methodology Results Conclusions The dental pulp's environment is essential for the regulation of mesenchymal stem cells' homeostasis and thus, it is of great importance to evaluate the materials used in regenerative procedures.To assess in vitro (i) the effect of chitosan nanoparticles, 0.2% chitosan irrigation solution, Dual Rinse®, 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid and 2.5% NaOCl on DSCS viability; (ii) the effect of different concentrations of TGF‐β1 on DCSC proliferation; and (iii) whether treatment with TGF‐β1 following exposure to the different irrigation solutions could compensate for their negative effects.(i) DSCS were treated with three dilutions (1:10, 1:100 and 1:1000) of the six irrigation solutions prepared in DMEM for 10 and 60 min to assess the effect on viability. (ii) The effect of different concentrations (0, 1, 5 and 10 ng/mL) of TGF‐β1 on DCSC proliferation was assessed at 1, 3 and 7 days. (iii) The proliferative effect of TGF‐β1 following 10‐min exposure to 1:10 dilution of each irrigation solution was also tested. We used MTT assay to assess viability and proliferation. We performed statistical analysis using Prism software.(i) The different endodontic irrigation solutions tested showed a significant effect on cell viability (p ≤ .0001). Significant interactions between the endodontic irrigation solutions and their dilutions were also found for all parameters (p ≤ .0001). Chitosan nanoparticles and 0.2% chitosan irrigation solution were the least cytotoxic to DSCS whilst 2.5% NaOCl was the most cytotoxic followed by 17% EDTA. (ii) TGF‐β1 at concentrations of 1 and 5 ng/mL resulted in significantly higher proliferation compared to the control group. (iii) Exposure to 17% EDTA or 2.5% NaOCl for 10 min was sufficient to make DSCS cells refractory to the proliferative effects of TGF‐β1. DSCS groups treated with TGF‐β1 following exposure to chitosan nanoparticles, 0.2% chitosan irrigation solution, Dual Rinse® and 10% CA demonstrated significantly higher proliferation compared to non‐TGF‐β1‐treated groups (p ≤ .0001, p ≤ .0001, p ≤ .0001 and p = .01 respectively).The current study offers data that can be implemented to improve the outcome of regenerative endodontic procedures by using less toxic irrigation solutions and adding TGF‐β1 to the treatment protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The development of predictive models for patients treated by emergency medical services (EMS) is on the rise in the emergency field. However, how these models evolve over time has not been studied. The objective of the present work is to compare the characteristics of patients who present mortality in the short, medium and long term, and to derive and validate a predictive model for each mortality time. Methods: A prospective multicenter study was conducted, which included adult patients with unselected acute illness who were treated by EMS. The primary outcome was noncumulative mortality from all causes by time windows including 30-day mortality, 31- to 180-day mortality, and 181- to 365-day mortality. Prehospital predictors included demographic variables, standard vital signs, prehospital laboratory tests, and comorbidities. Results: A total of 4830 patients were enrolled. The noncumulative mortalities at 30, 180, and 365 days were 10.8%, 6.6%, and 3.5%, respectively. The best predictive value was shown for 30-day mortality (AUC = 0.930; 95% CI: 0.919–0.940), followed by 180-day (AUC = 0.852; 95% CI: 0.832–0.871) and 365-day (AUC = 0.806; 95% CI: 0.778–0.833) mortality. Discussion: Rapid characterization of patients at risk of short-, medium-, or long-term mortality could help EMS to improve the treatment of patients suffering from acute illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power system protection and asset management present persistent technical challenges, particularly in the context of the smart grid and renewable energy sectors. This paper aims to address these challenges by providing a comprehensive assessment of machine learning applications for effective asset management in power systems. The study focuses on the increasing demand for energy production while maintaining environmental sustainability and efficiency. By harnessing the power of modern technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL), this research explores how ML techniques can be leveraged as powerful tools for the power industry. By showcasing practical applications and success stories, this paper demonstrates the growing acceptance of machine learning as a significant technology for current and future business needs in the power sector. Additionally, the study examines the barriers and difficulties of large‐scale ML deployment in practical settings while exploring potential opportunities for these tactics. Through this overview, insights into the transformative potential of ML in shaping the future of power system asset management are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract–Building on recent measure-transportation-based concepts of multivariate quantiles, we are considering the problem of nonparametric multiple-output quantile regression. Our approach defines nested conditional center-outward quantile regression contours and regions with given conditional probability content, the graphs of which constitute nested center-outward quantile regression tubes with given unconditional probability content; these (conditional and unconditional) probability contents do not depend on the underlying distribution—an essential property of quantile concepts. Empirical counterparts of these concepts are constructed, yielding interpretable empirical contours, regions, and tubes which are shown to consistently reconstruct (in the Pompeiu-Hausdorff topology) their population versions. Our method is entirely non-parametric and performs well in simulations—with possible heteroskedasticity and nonlinear trends. Its potential as a data-analytic tool is illustrated on some real datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Xenoestrogens are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals capable of altering the endocrine system of humans and animals owing to their molecular similarity to endogenous hormones. There is limited data regarding their effects on women´s health. Chronic exposure to xenoestrogens can promote the development of estrogen-related diseases. Objectives: To examine xenoestrogen concentration (TEXB-α) differences between women with leiomyomas or endometriosis and control women, and to study the relationship between the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of these patients and their xenoestrogen levels. Methods: Prospective case-control study. We selected 221 women who underwent surgery at Quironsalud Madrid University Hospital between 2017 and 2021. The cases included 117 patients: 74 women who underwent surgery for uterine leiomyomas, 21 with endometriosis, and 22 with both pathologies. The control group comprised 104 healthy women who underwent surgical procedures for other reasons. TEXB-α was determined in the omental fat of all patients. Using a questionnaire and reviewing the patients' medical records, we collected sociodemographic data and other relevant variables. Results: A significant majority of study participants (68.8%) had detectable levels of xenoestrogens. We found no association between TEXB-α levels in omental fat and the presence of myomas or endometriosis. In the case group, women living or working in Madrid Community exhibited, on average, 3.12 Eeq pM/g higher levels of TEXB-α compared to those working in other areas (p = 0.030). Women who referred to the use of estrogen-containing hormonal contraceptives had, on average, 3.02 Eeq pM/g higher levels of TEXB-α than those who had never used them (p = 0.022). Conclusions: This study found no association between omental xenoestrogen levels and leiomyomas or endometriosis. However, their presence in most participants and their association with highly polluted areas emphasizes the importance of limiting environmental exposure to these substances. We also identified an association between hormonal contraceptive use and xenoestrogen concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Children are vulnerable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, especially those with lower socioeconomic status. This study assesses the changes in prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in SHS exposure in children younger than 12 years old in Spain between 2016 and 2019. METHODS We conducted two cross-sectional studies among representative samples of households with children aged <12 years in Spain, in 2016 (n=2411) and 2019 (n=2412). Families were interviewed to assess children's SHS exposure in private settings and outdoor public venues and their adoption of home and car smoke-free rules. We used the education level of the home main earner as a proxy for socioeconomic position. Changes over time in the prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities of SHS exposure and smoke-free rules were estimated through adjusted Poisson regression models with robust variance according to sociodemographic covariates (adjusted prevalence ratios, APRs). RESULTS In 2019, 70.5% of children were exposed to SHS in Spain. No changes between 2016 and 2019 were found for overall SHS exposure, exposure at home, and at school entrances. SHS exposure increased at public transport stations (APR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.03-1.49) and outdoor hospitality venues (APR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.07-1.29) while it decreased in cars (APR=0.74; 95% CI: 0.56-0.98) and parks (APR=0.87; 95% CI: 0.77-0.98). Households with lower education level had higher prevalence of SHS exposure at home in 2019 compared with those with university studies (primary: APR=1.30; 95% CI: 1.11-1.51; secondary: APR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.00-1.25) and were less likely to adopt home indoor smoke-free rules (primary: APR=0.88; 95% CI: 0.79-0.99; secondary: APR=0.95; 95% CI: 0.89-1.02). Socioeconomic inequalities in SHS exposure at home persisted between 2016 and 2019 (p>0.05), while decreased in smoke-free rules in cars (p=0.039). CONCLUSIONS Reported SHS exposure among children in Spain remained high between 2016 and 2019. Inequalities persisted at home, highlighting the need for measures to reduce such exposure with an equity perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there is no consensus on the characterization of the human voice. The objective of the present study is to describe the myoelectric behavior of the extrinsic musculature of the larynx in 146 people with normal voice (Spanish speakers), aged between 20 and 50 years old. Different vocal tasks were recorded using a surface electromyograph (SEMG). In all vocal tasks, it was observed that women had higher activation (µV) in the suprahyoid and sternocleidomastoid muscles than men, while men had higher activation in the infrahyoid muscles. SEMG is a valid procedure to help define normal vocal characteristics in the studied population, providing reference values during clinical examination. However, it is necessary to adopt a universal system of assessment tasks and standardized measurement techniques to allow for comparisons with future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofouling is a significant problem that affects renewable energy marine structures (REMS), such as wind turbines and those designed for wave or tidal energy exploitation. Marine organisms, including algae, barnacles, and mollusks, attach themselves to the surface of these structures, which can lead to reduced efficiency and increased maintenance costs. In addition, biofouling can also cause corrosion, which can compromise the structural integrity of the offshore platforms. To combat this problem, several methods have been developed, including anti-fouling coatings, physical methods, and biological methods. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the most effective solution often depends on the specific type of fouling and the location of the offshore structure. Effective biofouling prevention is essential for the safe and efficient operation of offshore structures and the protection of marine ecosystems. To prevent the spread of invasive species, an innovative ceramic coating has been designed and tested in accordance with ASTM-D3623 procedure. The investigation results revealed that, after four years of experimentation in a real environment, the biofouling growth observed in the splash zone of the antifouling paint was 129.76% higher than that of the titanium-based ceramic coating and it is expected that this difference will continue to grow over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To survive, the brain must perform fast, efficient distributed computation. The challenge is to discover the orchestration of the brain hierarchy over space and time. Thermodynamics is a natural framework to quantify hierarchy in any system. The key concepts of irreversibility and the 'arrow of time' can reveal the asymmetry of brain information flow. The 'Thermodynamics of Mind' framework has provided novel insights into the changing hierarchy of brain states. Combined with whole-brain modelling, thermodynamics shows great promise for revealing causal insights into the orchestration of cognition. To not only survive, but also thrive, the brain must efficiently orchestrate distributed computation across space and time. This requires hierarchical organisation facilitating fast information transfer and processing at the lowest possible metabolic cost. Quantifying brain hierarchy is difficult but can be estimated from the asymmetry of information flow. Thermodynamics has successfully characterised hierarchy in many other complex systems. Here, we propose the 'Thermodynamics of Mind' framework as a natural way to quantify hierarchical brain orchestration and its underlying mechanisms. This has already provided novel insights into the orchestration of hierarchy in brain states including movie watching, where the hierarchy of the brain is flatter than during rest. Overall, this framework holds great promise for revealing the orchestration of cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article critically reflects on the implementation of participatory video (PV) to explore the perspectives of 14 refugee participants regarding their place-making strategies in the Netherlands. The insights here derive from the experience of co-designing and implementing the Digital Place-makers program: a filmmaking course that relies on basic editing training and story-telling. PV has been strongly criticized for its attendance to researchers' output requirements during the production process. We address this issue by focusing on our role as facilitators in acquiring editing skills and capacities that allow participants to produce their films as autonomously as possible. In doing so, we found that engaging in editing techniques during PV had multiple benefits for the refugees, such as enabling a pathway for regaining confidence and highlighting social injustice in their communities. We also argue that knowledge co-production in refugee research must question labels of vulnerability that prevent participants from enjoying authorship of their productions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Ecogeographic variation in human nasal anatomy has historically been analyzed on skeletal morphology and interpreted in the context of climatic adaptations to respiratory air‐conditioning. Only a few studies have analyzed nasal soft tissue morphology, actively involved in air‐conditioning physiology. Materials and Methods: We used in vivo computer tomographic scans of (N = 146) adult individuals from Cambodia, Chile, Russia, and Spain. We conducted (N = 438) airflow simulations during inspiration using computational fluid dynamics to analyze the air‐conditioning capacities of the nasal soft tissue in the inflow, functional, and outflow tract, under three different environmental conditions: cold–dry; hot–dry; and hot–humid. We performed statistical comparisons between populations and sexes. Results: Subjects from hot–humid regions showed significantly lower air‐conditioning capacities than subjects from colder regions in all the three conditions, specifically within the isthmus region in the inflow tract, and the anterior part of the internal functional tract. Posterior to the functional tract, no differences were detected. No differences between sexes were found in any of the tracts and under any of the conditions. Discussion: Our statistical analyses support models of climatic adaptations of anterior nasal soft tissue morphology that fit with, and complement, previous research on dry skulls. However, our results challenge a morpho‐functional model that attributes air‐conditioning capacities exclusively to the functional tract located within the nasal cavity. Instead, our findings support studies that have suggested that both, the external nose and the intra‐facial soft tissue airways contribute to efficiently warming and humidifying air during inspiration. This supports functional interpretations in modern midfacial variation and evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This was a multicenter, prospective, longitudinal, observational study involving eight Spanish tertiary hospitals to determine the interobserver reliability of an uveitis disease activity index, (UVEDAI) and assess its sensitivity to change in patients with receiving pharmacologic treatment. Methods: Patients aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with active noninfectious uveitis were included. A complete baseline assessment was performed by two ophthalmologists who determined ocular inflammatory activity using the UVEDAI index independently of each other. The principal ophthalmologist made a new visit at 4 weeks to determine the change in inflammatory activity. The interobserver reliability analysis was performed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with the values of the variables and the UVEDAI obtained by both ophthalmologists in the more active eye at the baseline visit. Sensitivity to change in the UVEDAI index was assessed at 4 weeks from the start of pharmacologic treatment by determining the clinically relevant change, defined as a change in UVEDAI of ≥ 0.8 points over baseline. The mean change between both measures was compared using the repeated-measures t-test. Results: A total of 111 patients were included. In the interobserver reliability analysis, the ICC for the UVEDAI value was 0.9, and, when compared with the mean UVEDAI values obtained by the ophthalmologists, no statistically significant differences were found (p value > 0.05). As for the sensitivity to change in UVEDAI, statistically significant differences (p value = 0.00) were found for the mean values of the index compared with baseline. In all cases, the index value decreased by > 1 point at the 4-week visit. Conclusions: The interobserver reliability of the UVEDAI was high in the total sample. Furthermore, the index was sensitive in determining the change in inflammatory activity after treatment. We believe that UVEDAI is a disease activity index that enables objective comparison of results in clinical practice and trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flipped learning (FL) has positive effects on the teaching–learning process. Nevertheless, and given that it is a relatively new methodology, it still raises some misgivings. This work aims to highlight the potential of FL by the analysis of academic results in a subject in higher engineering education and, thus, to contribute to overcome possible misgivings. Methods were based on statistical analysis, using Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC), and comparative analysis using graphs. Data from eight academic years were analysed, three with traditional methodology and five with FL. Influence of specific factors, such as participation in FL activities, on students' performance over time has been identified. FL has a very positive impact on students' academic performance and the active participation of students' results in a significant increase in the pass rate as well as in the quality of learning. These improvements have increased over time despite challenges such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the experience of pediatric preseptal and orbital cellulitis at a London tertiary centre during a 6-year period and highlights the role of orbital surgeons in the management of subperiosteal abscess (SPA). A retrospective review was conducted of all pediatric patients hospitalised for preseptal and orbital cellulitis. A total of 201 children including 152 cases of preseptal cellulitis and 49 cases of orbital cellulitis were admitted at a London tertiary centre over the study period. Patients with orbital cellulitis and especially those managed surgically had higher rates of fever, higher presenting white cell count and C-reactive protein level compared to cases of preseptal cellulitis. 77.6% of patients with orbital cellulitis had SPA. 81.6% of SPA had a medial component, while 28.9% had superior component. 61.2% of orbital cellulitis cases were managed surgically. Surgical intervention was carried out by otorhinolaryngologists (ENT) in 76.7% of cases, jointly between ENT and orbital surgeons in 16.7% of cases and by orbital surgeons alone in 6.7% of cases. Of the 11 SPA involving the orbital roof, all were surgically managed and orbital surgeons were involved in 54.5% of cases. When SPA involved the medial wall, orbital surgeons were only involved in 6.5% of cases. We recommend all patients with superior SPA be treated at a centre with both ENT and orbital surgeons as these may not be amenable to drainage by ENT alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacovigilance studies indicate clozapine history is marked by adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In a 2021 article, the United Kingdom (UK) had >90 % of European clozapine-related fatal outcomes in VigiBase, the World Health Organization's pharmacovigilance database. Two possibly opposing hypotheses could explain this disparity: 1) fewer reported fatal outcomes in other Western European countries mainly reflect underreporting to VigiBase, and 2) the higher number of UK reports reflects higher real relative mortality. VigiBase reports from clozapine's introduction to December 31, 2022, were studied for ADRs and the top 10 causes of fatal outcomes. The UK was compared with 11 other top reporting Western countries (Germany, Denmark, France, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland). Nine countries (except Ireland and Switzerland) were compared after controlling for population and clozapine prescriptions. The UK accounted for 29 % of worldwide clozapine-related fatal outcomes, Germany 2 % and <1 % in each of the other countries. The nonspecific label "death" was the top cause in the world (46 %) and in the UK (33 %). "Pneumonia" was second in the world (8 %), the UK (12 %), Ireland (8 %) and Finland (14 %). Assuming that our corrections for population and clozapine use are correct, other countries underreported only 1–10 % of the UK clozapine fatal outcome number. Different Western European countries consistently underreport to VigiBase compared to the UK, but have different reporting/publishing styles for clozapine-related ADRs/fatal outcomes. Three Scandinavian registries suggest lives are saved as clozapine use increases, but this cannot be studied in pharmacovigilance databases. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacovigilance findings and box warnings in the clozapine package inserts have marked the history of clozapine. This is the largest review of clozapine adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and their associated fatal outcomes. Reports to the World Health Organization's global pharmacovigilance database, VigiBase™, were analyzed, extending from clozapine's introduction to December 31, 2022. The analysis focused on the top four reporting countries: United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), Canada and Australia (83 % of fatal outcomes worldwide). Attempts were made to control for population and clozapine prescription in each country. Clozapine ADRs worldwide accounted for 191,557 reports, with the highest number (53,505) in "blood and lymphatic system disorder". Of the 22,596 fatal outcomes reported in clozapine patients, 9587 were from the US, 6567 from the UK, 3623 from Canada and 1484 from Australia. The top category worldwide in fatal outcomes was nonspecifically labeled "death" with 46 % (range 22–62 %). "Pneumonia" was second with 30 % (range 17–45 %). Agranulocytosis was numerically only the 35th top clozapine ADR associated with fatal outcomes. On average, 2.3 clozapine ADRs were reported per fatal outcome. Infections were associated with 24.2 % of the UK fatal outcomes (9.4 %–11.9 % in the 3 other countries). The four countries appeared to report clozapine ADRs in different ways, making comparisons difficult. We estimated higher fatal outcomes in the UK and Canada after controlling for cross-sectional estimations of population and published clozapine use. This last hypothesis is limited by the lack of precise estimation of accumulated clozapine use in each country. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the metabolic changes in the livers of dairy cows from 1 wk before dry off to 1 wk after calving. Twelve high-yielding Holstein cows were included in a longitudinal study and housed in a tiestall barn. The cows were dried off at 6 wk before the expected calving date (dry period length = 42 d). During the entire lactation, the cows were milked twice daily at 0600 and 1700 h. Liver biopsies were taken from each cow at 4 different times: wk −7 (before drying off), −5 (after drying off), −1 and +1 relative to calving. A targeted metabolomics approach was performed by liquid chromatography and flow injection with electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using the MxP Quant 500 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences AG). A total of 185 metabolites in the liver were used for the final data analysis. Principal component analysis revealed a clear separation by days of sampling, indicating a notable shift in metabolic phenotype from late lactation to the dry period and further changes after calving. Changes were observed in several classes of compounds, including AA and biogenic amines. In particular, the changes in acylcarnitines (AcylCN), phosphatidylcholines (PC), sphingomyelins (SM), and bile acids (BA) indicated extensive remodeling of the hepatic lipidome. The changes in AcylCN concentrations in early lactation suggest incomplete fatty acid oxidation in the liver, possibly indicating mitochondrial dysfunction or enzymatic imbalance. In addition, the changes in PC and SM species in early lactation indicate altered cell membrane composition, which may affect cell signaling and functionality. In addition, changes in BA concentrations and profiles indicate dynamic adaptations in BA synthesis, as well as lipid digestion and absorption during the observation period. In particular, principal component analysis showed an overlapping distribution of liver metabolites in primiparous and multiparous cows, indicating no significant difference between these groups. In addition, Volcano plots showed similar liver metabolism between primiparous and multiparous cows, with no significant fold changes (>1.5) in any metabolite at significant P -values (false discovery rate <0.05). These results provide valuable insight into the physiological ranges of liver metabolites during dry period and calving in healthy dairy cows and should contribute to the design and interpretation of future metabolite-based studies of the transition dairy cow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speckle pattern-based remote vibration monitoring has recently become increasingly valuable in industrial, commercial, and medical applications. The dynamic and random nature of speckle patterns offers practical applications for imaging and measurement systems. The speckle pattern is an interference pattern generated by light scattered from a rough surface onto a remote plane. It is typically sensed using area scan cameras (2D), which are limited to framerates of 2–4 kHz and can only capture a small region of interest (ROI). In this work, we propose a technique that enables the capture of synthetic 2D speckle patterns using a 1D high-acquisition-rate sensor and a diffractive optical element (DOE) to produce image replicas. The multiple replicas are scanned by the 1D sensor simultaneously at different spatial positions. This method provides an ability to sense remote vibrations in all directions, contrary to the case with a simple 1D sensing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short review, we present the key definitions, ideas and techniques involved in the study of symmetry resolved entanglement measures, with a focus on the symmetry resolved entanglement entropy. In order to be able to define such entanglement measures, it is essential that the theory under study possess an internal symmetry. Then, symmetry-resolved entanglement measures quantify the contribution to a particular entanglement measure that can be associated to a chosen symmetry sector. Our review focuses on conformal (gapless/massless/critical) and integrable (gapped/massive) quantum field theories, where the leading computational technique employs symmetry fields known as (composite) branch point twist fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Negative childbirth experiences can be related to the onset of perinatal post-traumatic stress symptomatology (P-PTSS), which significantly impacts the mother and the infant. As a response in the face of the discomfort caused by P-PTSS, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies such as brooding can emerge, contributing to the consolidation of post-partum depressive symptoms. Ultimately, both types of symptomatology, P-PTSS and post-partum depression, can act as risk factors for developing mother-child bonding difficulties. Still, this full set of temporal paths has to date remained untested. The present longitudinal study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with the appearance of P-PTSS after post-partum and to test a path model considering the role of P-PTSS as an indirect predictor of bonding difficulties at eight months of postpartum. Methods: An initial sample of pregnant women in the third trimester of gestation (N = 594) participated in a longitudinal study comprising two follow-ups at two and eight months of postpartum. The mothers completed online evaluations that included socio-demographic data and measures of psychological variables. A two-step linear regression model was performed to assess the predictive role of the variables proposed as risk factors for P-PTSS, and a path model was formulated to test the pathways of influence of P-PTSS on bonding difficulties. Results: A history of psychopathology of the mother, the presence of depression during pregnancy, the presence of medical complications in the mother, and the occurrence of traumatic birth experiences all acted as significant predictors of P-PTSS, explaining 29.5% of its variance. Furthermore, the path model tested further confirmed an indirect effect of P-PTSS, triggered by a negative childbirth experience, on subsequent bonding difficulties eight months after labor through its association with higher levels of brooding and, ultimately, postpartum depression levels. A further path showed that bonding difficulties at two months postpartum can persist at eight months postpartum due to the onset of brooding and postpartum depression symptoms. Conclusion: We identified a set of robust predictors of P-PTSS: the mother's previous history of depression, perinatal depression during pregnancy, the presence of medical complications in the mother and the occurrence of traumatic birth experiences, which has important implications for prevention. This is particularly relevant, as P-PTSS, when triggered by a negative childbirth experience, further indirectly predicted the development of mother-child bonding difficulties through the mediation of higher use of brooding and symptoms of postpartum depression. These findings can serve as a basis for developing new longitudinal studies to further advance the understanding of perinatal mechanisms of mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reactivity of imidazole, pyrazole, 1,2,4‐triazole, 1,2,3‐triazole, and tetrazole with acetone (propan‐2‐one) has been studied by 1H and 13C NMR using acetone‐d6 as solvent at temperatures ranging from 173 to 300 K at 10 K intervals. Simultaneously, the reaction has been theoretically calculated at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level, and experimental and theoretical results have been compared. The equilibrium constants between azoles and adducts α,α‐dimethyl‐azole‐methanol were analyzed, assuming that the straight part of the plots –R ln Ke vs. 1/T can be used to determine ΔH and ΔS. Calculated and experimental data are related, but the theoretical values are proportionally higher. The tautomerism of triazoles and tetrazole has been considered in order to discuss the reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral neurons are heterogeneous and functionally diverse, but all share the capability to switch to a pro-regenerative state after nerve injury. Despite the assumption that the injury response is similar among neuronal subtypes, functional recovery may differ. Understanding the distinct intrinsic regenerative properties between neurons may help to improve the quality of regeneration, prioritizing the growth of axon subpopulations to their targets. Here, we present a comparative analysis of regeneration across four key peripheral neuron populations: motoneurons, proprioceptors, cutaneous mechanoreceptors, and nociceptors. Using Cre/Ai9 mice that allow fluorescent labeling of neuronal subtypes, we found that nociceptors showed the greater regeneration after a sciatic crush, followed by motoneurons, mechanoreceptors, and, finally, proprioceptors. By breeding these Cre mice with Ribotag mice, we isolated specific translatomes and defined the regenerative response of these neuronal subtypes after axotomy. Only 20% of the regulated genes were common, revealing a diverse response to injury among neurons, which was also supported by the differential influence of neurotrophins among neuron subtypes. Among differentially regulated genes, we proposed MED12 as a specific regulator of the regeneration of proprioceptors. Altogether, we demonstrate that the intrinsic regenerative capacity differs between peripheral neuron subtypes, opening the door to selectively modulate these responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family integrated care (FICare) represents a contemporary approach to health care that involves the active participation of families within the healthcare team. It empowers families to acquire knowledge about the specialised care required for their newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and positions them as primary caregivers. Healthcare professionals in this model act as mentors and facilitators during the hospitalisation period. This innovative model has exhibited notable enhancements in both short‐ and long‐term health outcomes for neonates, alongside improved psychological well‐being for families and heightened satisfaction among healthcare professionals. Initially designed for stable premature infants and their families, FICare has evolved to include critically ill premature and full‐term infants. Findings from recent studies affirm the safety and feasibility of FICare as a NICU‐wide model of care, benefiting all infants and families. The envisioned expansion of FICare focusses on sustainability and extending its implementation, recognising the necessity for tailored adaptations to suit varying diverse cultural and socio‐economic contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research deals with the editorial positioning of 15 Spanish and Portuguese newspapers and magazines on Marcelo Caetano's official visit to Spain in 1970. The editorials and opinion articles are analysed using a quantitative, qualitative and comparative methodology. We identify different ideological orientations. The paper concludes that the official newspapers and some moderate ones were triumphalist in the opinions expressed; few opinions distanced themselves from the official political slogans; and the opposition press oscillated between keeping silent and expressing reservations about both regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the optical and aberrometric outcomes of an enhanced monofocal intraocular lens (ISOPure) compared with those of a standard monofocal lens (MicroPure) having the same platform and material. Methods: A prospective, comparative and randomised clinical study. A total of 28 eyes of 28 patients were randomly assigned to either group. Monocular visual acuity (VA) was measured at distance and intermediate under photopic and mesopic conditions. Aberrometry was analysed for 3.0‐, 4.0‐, 4.5‐ and 5.0 mm pupils. The contrast sensitivity defocus curve was measured for 3.0‐ and 4.5‐mm pupils, while the modulation transfer function (MTF) and Strehl ratio (SR) were assessed with a double‐pass system. All measurements were performed monocularly 3 months after surgery. Results: No significant differences were found for distance VA. Under photopic conditions, intermediate VA was better with the ISOPure lens, while no significant differences were found between the lenses under mesopic conditions. Internal and total aberrations were higher for the ISOPure lens. No significant differences were found for corneal aberrations. Additionally, both the contrast sensitivity defocus curve and optical quality showed similar behaviour for each lens, with the MTF cut‐off frequency exceeding 30 c/deg in both cases. Conclusion: The isofocal ISOPure lens enhanced intermediate VA without affecting distance VA under photopic conditions. Moreover, there were no significant differences in visual quality between the ISOPure and MicroPure lenses, despite the former exhibiting higher internal and total aberrations than the monofocal model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare workers exposed to emergencies and chronic stressors are at high risk of developing mental health problems. This review synthesized existing studies of group psychological therapy to reduce distress symptoms in healthcare workers (i.e., as complex and heterogeneous emotional states, characterized by the presence of symptoms associated with post‐traumatic stress disorder, burnout, anxiety, depression and moral injury). Searches were conducted using PRISMA guidelines and databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline and Web of Science, along with manual searches of reference lists of relevant articles. The search returned a total of 1071 randomized trials, of which 23 met the inclusion criteria. Of the total studies, nine were mindfulness interventions, seven were cognitive behavioural programmes, one was a programme based on acceptance and commitment therapy, one was an EMDR protocol and two focused on systemic and art therapy. Most studies aimed to reduce burnout, anxiety and depression; only three focused on post‐traumatic stress disorder, and no studies were found that addressed moral injury. The results suggested that group interventions could be an effective tool to improve the mental health of healthcare workers and reduce their symptoms of distress, although many of the studies have methodological deficiencies. Limitations and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a recurrent, debilitating, chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Although advances in HS treatment have been made, more than 45% of patients remain dissatisfied with systemic treatment, and more than one-third are dissatisfied with surgical procedures. Objectives: A prospective, observational study on the deroofing procedures in HS with special attention paid to patient satisfaction and complications. Methods: HS lesions were assessed clinically and by the use of ultrasound. Patients reported outcomes, including pain, itch and satisfaction, were measured at 24 h post-surgery by a numeric rating scale (NRS) ranging from 0 to 10. Additionally, the timeline of objective wound closure reported by patients in (weeks), in addition to the need for any analgesics use, were both evaluated. Results: The mean closure time of the post-deroofing wound was assessed as 4.4 ± 1.9 weeks. A statistically longer time was necessary for complete closure in males than in females (4.9 ± 2.2 weeks and 3.9 ± 1.6 weeks, respectively; p = 0.046). The closure time correlated positively yet weakly with the HS tunnel's width (r = 0.27, p = 0.016) and length (r = 0.228, p = 0.044). Patients assessed mean pain at 24 h postop as mild with 0.7 ± 1.2 points according to NRS, with no differences between sexes. Similarly, itch in the first 24 h was assessed as mild with 1.8 ± 1.1 points, without differences between sexes. No pain, itch or adverse events were reported after 1 week following deroofing. Moreover, no cases of wound infection were reported. An overall patient satisfaction was assessed as 9.9 ± 0.4 points (range 9--10 points). Conclusion: Deroofing is an easy, effective and safe dermatosurgical procedure that does not require surgical experience or operating theatre. It is associated with no complications and very low post-op pain and should be part of holistic HS management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) is increasing worldwide. Second-line treatments with macrolides or fluoroquinolones are an option for NG infections in some cases following the STI guideline recommendations. In our study, we compared the gradient diffusion test using EUCAST 2024 breakpoints with a new molecular method using the Allplex™ NG&DR assay (Seegene®) including A2059G/C2611 mutations (23S rRNA) associated with high/moderate-level macrolide resistance and S91F mutation (gyrA) relationship with fluoroquinolone resistance in NG isolates (n = 100). We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and correlation of the molecular test for fluoroquinolone using the gradient diffusion as the reference method. In twenty-three strains was not detected any mutation associated with macrolides or fluoroquinolone resistance. No A2059G/C2611T mutations were detected, and the S91F mutations were detected in 77 out of the 100 isolates screened. Twenty-three NG isolates were reported to be resistant to azithromycin (ECOFF: >1 mg/L), and 78 NG isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC: >0.06 mg/L). The molecular method showed a sensitivity of 96.1% and, a specificity of 90.9% for fluoroquinolone susceptibility, but the statistical analysis between the molecular test and gradient diffusion test was not statistically significant for fluoroquinolone resistance (p = 1). Statistical analysis was not performed for macrolides because of the absence of positive RT-PCR results. According to our data, Allplex™ assay cannot replace the gradient diffusion test for macrolide resistance. However, the assay could be used to test fluoroquinolone resistance in NG isolates as a replacement for phenotypic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting in the middle of March 2020, various lockdown measures and degrees of confinement were put in place in most European countries as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although this situation meant that more people were likely to experience poorer mental health, largely due to the imposition of social distancing measures, many individuals incorporated music into their coping routines to help improve their psychological well-being. Using a gender perspective, this study analyzes how individuals used music during lockdown and explores the differences between men's and women's views on the impact that listening to and making music has on their perceived level of well-being. A questionnaire, MUSIVID19, was administered to a sample of 1868 participants from all the autonomous regions in Spain. The results reveal that in the uses and perceptions of music, the stereotypes underlying the patriarchal system were also reproduced during confinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing interest in understanding personality disorders (PDs) from the five-factor model. Miller et al. (2005) and Costa and McCrae (2005) proposed two sets of scales based on the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) facets to assess DSM-5 PDs. There are Spanish norms for the scales of Miller et al. (2005) based on personnel selection samples, but they are not appropriate for contexts with low social desirability. Normative, reliability, and convergent/discriminant validity data are presented for both sets of scales with volunteers from the general Spanish population (N=682). The internal consistency and convergent/discriminant validity indices were excellent or good for all scales, especially for those of Miller et al. (2005). The differences between the sample of volunteers and that of personnel selection (d= 0.61) and between males and females (d= 0.34-0.38) justify the development of norms for the two sets of PD scales for situations of low social desirability and separate for males and females. Their usefulness in different contexts is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess refractive and visual outcomes post-cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of a bi-aspheric diffractive trifocal intraocular lens (IOL). Methods: A total of 24 patients who underwent bilateral implantation with the Asqelio Trifocal IOL TFLIO130C were evaluated at the 6 months postoperative mark. Key outcome measures included refractive error, photopic monocular and binocular uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA, CDVA), uncorrected and corrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA, CDIVA) at 60 cm, and uncorrected and corrected near visual acuity (UNVA, CDNVA) at 40 cm. Additionally, monocular and binocular CDNVA were assessed under mesopic conditions. Monocular and binocular defocus curves, and binocular contrast sensitivity under photopic and mesopic conditions, with and without glare, were measured. Catquest-9SF and visual symptoms questionnaires were also administered. Results: Postoperative average values of binocular logMAR photopic CDVA, photopic CDIVA, photopic CDNVA and mesopic CDNVA were − 0.01± 0.06, 0.03± 0.09, 0.02± 0.05 and 0.19± 0.13, respectively. About 100% of patients showed cumulative CDVA and CDNVA ≥ 20/25, and CDIVA ≥ 20/32. The average absolute depth-of-focus was about 4.50D. The average postoperative spherical equivalent was 0.05± 0.30D and 100% and 93.75% eyes were within ± 1.00D and ± 0.50D, respectively. Contrast sensitivity was either within or above normal levels under both photopic and mesopic conditions, both with and without glare, except for 12 cpd under mesopic conditions with glare where the mean falls just below the normal range. Questionnaires revealed that 87.5% of patients were either satisfied or very satisfied with their vision after the surgery, and higher percentages for no difficulty in performing different activities, ranging from 70.83% to 95.83%, were reported. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the bi-aspheric diffractive trifocal IOL yields very good visual performance across distances, fostering high satisfaction levels and minimal difficulties in daily activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have reviewed the evidence on the increase in alcohol consumption after a terrorist attack. However, an increase does not necessarily imply the presence of an alcohol use disorder. Objectives: To conduct a systematic and meta-analytic review of the literature on the prevalence of increased alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders in adult exposed to terrorism. Methods: A search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE and PTSDpubs identified 29 studies published up to March 2023 in which 38 adult samples totaling 282,753 persons exposed to terrorism were assessed. Using inverse variance heterogeneity models, pooled prevalence rates of increased alcohol use and alcohol use disorders were calculated. Results: 6% (95% CI [2.9, 9.5]) of the adults exposed to a terrorist attack increased their alcohol consumption. The prevalence of increased alcohol use varied depending on the degree of exposure (p =.006, R2 =.18) and the procedure for measuring increases (p =.043, R2 =.37). The prevalence of alcohol use disorders in adults exposed to a terrorist attack was 5.5% (95% CI [3.7, 7.5]), a rate that was not higher than that obtained in the general population and varied depending on the type of alcohol disorder (p =.015, R2 =.30). Conclusions: A relevant number of adults exposed to terrorist attacks will subsequently increase their alcohol consumption, but this increase is not associated with an increase in the prevalence of alcohol use disorders. Effects of terrorism on people's health are potentially widespread, but concerns of excessive alcohol use after terrorist attacks may be unwarranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magneto-optical techniques are key tools for the characterization of magnetic effects at a nanoscale. Here, we present the dark-field magneto-optical Kerr effect (DFMOKE), a technique we have recently developed for the characterization of three-dimensional magnetic nanostructures. We introduce the principles of DFMOKE, based on the separation of an incident beam into multiple reflected beams when focusing on a 3D nano-geometry. We show the key modifications needed in a standard focused MOKE magnetometer to perform these measurements. Finally, we showcase the power of this method by detecting the magnetic switching of a single tilted 3D nanowire, independently from the switching of a magnetic thin film that surrounds it. We obtain independent and simultaneous switching detection of the nanowire and the film for all nanowire dimensions investigated, allowing us to estimate a magnetic sensitivity of 7 × 10−15 A m2 for DFMOKE in the setup used. We conclude the article by providing perspectives of future avenues where DFMOKE can be a very powerful characterization tool in the future investigations of 3D magnetic nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β-Hydroxy esters are essential building blocks utilised by the pharmaceutical and food industries in the synthesis of functional products. The asymmetric reduction of β-keto esters using cell-free enzymes presents a viable approach to manufacture enantiomerically pure β-hydroxy esters. However, the unbearable economic costs underlying enzymes and cofactors call for innovative approaches to maximise their reusability. Herein, we develop two self-sufficient Heterogeneous Biocatalysts (ssHBs) for the enantiodivergent reduction of β-keto esters to yield enantiomerically pure β-hydroxy esters. A thermophilic (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 (TtHBDH) and an (R)-specific ketoreductase from Lactobacillus kefir (LkKRED) are selected, kinetically characterised, and immobilised onto macroporous agarose beads. Finally, the immobilised enzymes are coated with cationic polymers to co-immobilise the required redox cofactors. The resulting ssHBs catalyse the asymmetric reduction of β-keto esters without the exogenous supply of NAD(P)H and using 2-propanol as an ancillary electron donor. Then, we construct two enantiodivergent packed bed reactors (PBRs) integrating these two ssHBs and determine their optimal operational parameters through condition screening and kinetic simulations. The ssHBs in continuous flow operation exhibit good operational stability, illustrated by a maximum Space-Time Yield (STY) of 49.5 g L−1 h−1 for the continuous production of enantiopure ethyl 3-(R)-hydroxybutyrate over 21 days. Under these conditions, LkKRED and NADPH achieve total turnover numbers of 9.3 × 105 and 2.7 × 104, respectively. Upon mass metric analysis, we conclude that these ssHBs meet the efficiency and sustainability standards to be implemented in some industrial processes, advancing the concept of self-sufficient biocatalysis for process intensification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The aim was to develop a decision tree and a new prognostic tool to predict cancer-specific survival in patients with urothelial bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy. Methods: A total of 11,834 patients with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy between 2004 and 2019 from the SEER database were randomly split into the derivation (n = 7889) and validation cohorts (n = 3945). Survival curves were estimated using conditional decision tree analysis. We used Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations for the treatment of missing values and the pec package to compare the predictive performance. We extracted data from our model following CHARMS and assessed the risk of bias and applicability with PROBAST. Results: A total of 4824 (41%) patients died during the follow-up period due to bladder cancer. A decision tree was made and 12 groups were obtained. Patients with a higher AJCC stage and older age have a worse prognosis. The risk groups were summarized into high, intermediate and low risk. The integrated Brier scores between 0 and 191 months for the bootstrap estimates of the prediction error are the lowest for our conditional survival tree (0.189). The model showed a low risk of bias and low concern about applicability. The results must be externally validated. Conclusions: Decision tree analysis is a useful tool with significant discrimination. With this tool, we were able to stratify patients into 12 subgroups and 3 risk groups with a low risk of bias and low concern about applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroinflammation and epilepsy are different pathologies, but, in some cases, they are so closely related that the activation of one of the pathologies leads to the development of the other. In this work, we discuss the three main cell types involved in neuroinflammation, namely (i) reactive astrocytes, (ii) activated microglia, and infiltration of (iii) peripheral immune cells in the central nervous system. Then, we discuss how neuroinflammation and epilepsy are interconnected and describe the use of different repurposing drugs with anti-inflammatory properties that have been shown to have a beneficial effect in different epilepsy models. This review reinforces the idea that compounds designed to alleviate seizures need to target not only the neuroinflammation caused by reactive astrocytes and microglia but also the interaction of these cells with infiltrated peripheral immune cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the railway sector, rolling stock and infrastructure must be maintained in perfect condition to ensure reliable and safe operation for passengers. Climate change is affecting the urban and regional infrastructure through sea level rise, water accumulations, river flooding, and other increased-frequency extreme natural situations (heavy rains or snows) which pose a challenge to maintenance. In this paper, the use of artificial intelligence based on predictive maintenance implementation is proposed for the early detection of degraded conditions of a bridge due to extreme climatic conditions. For this prediction, continuous monitoring is proposed, with the aim of establishing alarm thresholds to detect dangerous situations, so restrictions could be determined to mitigate the risk. However, one of the main challenges for railway infrastructure managers nowadays is the high cost of monitoring large infrastructures. In this work, a methodology for monitoring railway infrastructures to define the optimal number of transductors that are economically viable and the thresholds according to which infrastructure managers can make decisions concerning traffic safety is proposed. The methodology consists of three phases that use the application of machine learning (Random Forest) and artificial cognitive systems (LSTM recurrent neural networks). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Family Integrated Care (FICare) has demonstrated positive outcomes for sick neonates and has alleviated the psychological burden faced by families. FICare involves structured training for professionals and caregivers along with the provision of resources to offer physical and psychological support to parents. However, FICare implementation has been primarily limited to developed countries. It remains crucial to assess the scalability of this model in overcoming social-cultural barriers and conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis. The RISEinFAMILY project aims to develop an adapted FICare model that can serve as the international standard for neonatal care, accommodating various cultural, architectural, and socio-economic contexts. Methods: RISEinFAMILY is a pluri-cultural, stepped wedge cluster controlled trial conducted in Spain, Netherlands, the UK, Romania, Turkey, and Zambia. Eligible participants include infant-family dyads admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) requiring specialised neonatal care for a minimum expected duration of 7 days, provided there are no comprehension barriers. Notably, this study will incorporate a value of implementation analysis on FICare, which can inform policy decisions regarding investment in implementation activities, even in situations with diverse data. Discussion: This study aims to evaluate the scalability and adaptation of FICare across a broader range of geographical and sociocultural contexts and address its sustainability. Furthermore, it seeks to compare the RISEinFAMILY model with standard care, examining differences in short-term newborn outcomes, family mental health, and professional satisfaction. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06087666. Registered on 17 October 2023. Protocol version: 19 December 2022; version 2.2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a focal vibration protocol added to an activation protocol with active muscle contractions and to see what repercussions it has on sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ), and lower limb isometric strength. A double‐blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in the Functional Anatomy Laboratory and the sample consisted of 70 athletes. The main outcome measures were knee extension force, CMJ, sprint, and surface electromyography. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance revealed significant improvements. They were found in the within‐group analysis for the Experimental Group in the isometric extension force (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.368), CMJ (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.301) and 30 m sprint (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.376). In the electromyography, there are changes in the Sham Group in all muscles, in CMJ and Sprint tests, and no differences in the Experimental Group, except for the RF muscle. In the between‐group analysis, statistically significant differences were found only in favor of the Experimental Group in CMJ (p = 0.017; η2 = 0.81) and 30 m sprint (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.152). These results confirm a significant improvement in the sprint, CMJ performance, and quadriceps strength, after a focal vibration protocol, added to a muscle active contraction, compared to a focal vibration sham protocol. Therefore, our results suggest that the focal vibration can be a very useful tool in sports involving high‐powered actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]