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The gut-liver axis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). We demonstrated that OpnOpnOpnOverexpression of OPN in IECs or administration of milk OPN maintain the intestinal microbiome by intestinal antimicrobial peptides. The increase in tryptophan metabolites and short-chain fatty acids signaling through the Ahr in IECs, preserve the intestinal barrier function and protect from ALD.

Introduction: Tumour metastasis to the spine very rarely occurs from an adnexal tumour and an accurate and fast diagnosis is essential for good patient management. Methodology: 52 year old male came with complaints of mid back pain since 2 months and weakness of bilateral lower limbs since 3 weeks a with progressive loss of bowel and bladder control since 3 days noted at presentation. Patient was previously operated for excision of a mass over left hand hypothenar region 1 year back which on histopathological evaluation had showed an eccrine tumour. XRAYs revealed a T8 compression fracture of the spine and MRI was done which revealed compression fracture of T8 vertebra with involvement of posterior elements and an anterior epidural collection causing canal stenosis and similar lesions noted in T 7 and T 9 vertebra with a suspicion of metastasis. Hence a PET scan was done and showed lytic lesions in multiple vertebral bodies ,posterior elements,left iliac and left SI joint extending to acetabulum and femoral shaft.Patient was planned for stabilisation of spine with a vertebral biopsy and patient underwent a T7 to T11 posterior spinal stabilisation with polyaxial pedicle screws and biopsy from T8 vertebra. Postoperatively, the patient was evaluated and paraparesis recovered and patient was begun on physiotherapy exercises for faster recovery. The histopathology report showed features of poorly differentiated metastatic squamous cell cancer and immunohistochemistry markers were done which was positive for CK and CK 5 / 6 which indicated a skin or adnexal tumour. Patient is recovering postoperatively with mobilisation using KT brace and on a wheel chair with recovering neurological status. Results- :An eccrine tumour with metastasis to the thoracic spine and lesions over pelvic bones was managed with spinal stabilisation using pedicle screws with biopsy from the T8 vertebra suggesting an adnexal primary lesion. Conclusion- :A rare case of an adnexal tumour metastasis to the spine can be managed effectively with posterior spinal stabilisation with partial or complete recovery of neurological status. Importance of a good history with early identification using PET scan and an immunohistochemistry to locate the primary were key turning points in management of this case

Metallurgists and engineers are focusing on developing of forged turbine blade with different materials during the last three decades. This forging method has been developed to the theme where INCONEL alloy is formed. Blades are playing a vital role on the turbine. These blades can be manmade to exact geometry shape and reliable surface with metallurgical characteristics. This study focuses on a gas turbine blade in 3D design software and finite element analysis with ANSYS software. From the reference, the thermal boundary conditions on the rotor blade are referred. The distribution of temperature across the blade is got. The utmost stress which the blade can endure is found and the distribution of stress across the blade is got consequently. The outcomes got are associated with N-155, Mild Steel and the most appropriate material is conversed.

Direct carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) refers to direct communication between the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the cavernous sinus due to rent in the ICA, most commonly secondary to trauma. These are generally high-flow fistula and rarely resolve spontaneously. We report a case of a young male who developed features of direct CCF after trauma, was denied any treatment for 4 years, and then presented with spontaneous thrombosis of the fistula and a residual large pseudoaneurysm of the cavernous segment of the right ICA, which was subsequently managed with parent vessel occlusion.

Silencing the Hippo kinases mammalian sterile 20-like 1 and 2 (MST1/2) activates the transcriptional coactivator yes-associated protein (YAP) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatocyte-derived high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) regulates YAP expression; however, its contribution to HCC in the context of deregulated Hippo signaling is unknown. Here, we hypothesized that HMGB1 is required for hepatocarcinogenesis by activating YAP in Hippo signaling-deficient (Mst1/2

Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B is considered as a key metabolic enzyme that has been reported to be associated with insulin resistance onset, and underlying cellular metabolic malfunctions, including ER stress and mitochondrial failure. In this study, effects of selective PTP1B inhibition using MSI-1436 on cellular apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress have been assessed using an in vitro model of Tunicamycin induced ER stress in HepG2 cell line. Inhibition of PTP1B using MSI-1436 significantly increased cell viability and reduced the number of apoptotic cells as well as the expression of key apoptosis initiators and effectors. MSI-1436 further mitigated ER stress, by downregulating the expression of IRE1, ATF6 and PERK transcripts, all being key ER stress sensors. Interestingly, MSI-1436 inhibited the XBP1 splicing, and thus its UPR-associated transcriptional activity. PTP1B inhibition further enabled to restore proper mitochondrial biogenesis, by improving transmembrane potential, and diminishing intracellular ROS while restoring of endogenous antioxidant enzymes genes expression. PTP1B inhibition using MSI-1436 could improve cellular apoptosis and metabolic integrity through the mitigation of ER and mitochondrial stress signalling pathways, and excessive ROS accumulation. This strategy may be useful for the treatment of metabolic disorders including IR, NAFLD and diabetes.

Background Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are among the most frequent healthcare-associated infections in the world. They are associated with increased mortality, prolonged hospital stay and increased healthcare costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the noble metal alloy (NMA) coated BIP Foley Catheter in preventing the incidence of symptomatic CAUTI in a large cohort of patients in India. Methods This multi-center, prospective study included 1000 adult patients admitted to six hospitals across India for urology, surgery and ICU requiring urethral catheterization and admission for ≥ 48 h. Patients were allocated to the NMA-coated BIP Foley Catheter group or a non-coated control catheter group, with a randomization ratio of 3:1. CAUTI surveillance was conducted at study entry, upon catheter removal, and 2 days after catheter removal. For statistical analysis, categorical data (e.g. gender) were compared using the chi-square or Fischer test, and numerical data were compared using the two-sample t-test. Associations were evaluated using logistic regression. Results and conclusions The incidence of symptomatic CAUTI was reduced by 69% in the BIP Foley Catheter group compared to the control group (6.5 vs 20.8 CAUTI/1000 catheter days), with an incidence rate ratio of 0.31 (95% confidence interval: 0.21–0.46; p p = 0.001). In conclusion, the NMA-coated BIP Foley Catheter was effective in reducing CAUTI and was well tolerated, with a lower incidence of adverse events compared to the uncoated catheter. Trial registration This study was registered prospectively (28 September 2015) in the Clinical Trials Registry of India (trial number CTRI/2015/09/006220; http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=12631&EncHid=&userName=bactiguard).

Cells sustain constant oxidative stress from both exogenous and endogenous sources. When unmitigated by antioxidant defenses, reactive oxygen species damage cellular macromolecules, including DNA. Oxidative lesions in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA are repaired via the base excision repair (BER) pathway, initiated by DNA glycosylases. We have previously demonstrated that the BER glycosylase 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) plays a novel role in body weight maintenance and regulation of adiposity. Specifically, mice lacking OGG1 (Ogg1&minus, /&minus, ) are prone to increased fat accumulation with age and consumption of hypercaloric diets. Conversely, transgenic animals with mitochondrially-targeted overexpression of OGG1 (Ogg1Tg) are resistant to age- and diet-induced obesity. Given these phenotypes of altered adiposity in the context of OGG1 genotype, we sought to determine if OGG1 plays a cell-intrinsic role in adipocyte maturation and lipid accumulation. Here, we report that preadipocytes from Ogg1&minus, mice differentiate more efficiently and accumulate more lipids than those from wild-type animals. Conversely, OGG1 overexpression significantly blunts adipogenic differentiation and lipid accretion in both pre-adipocytes from Ogg1Tg mice, as well as in 3T3-L1 cells with adenovirus-mediated OGG1 overexpression. Mechanistically, changes in adipogenesis are accompanied by significant alterations in cellular PARylation, corresponding with OGG1 genotype. Specifically, deletion of OGG1 reduces protein PARylation, concomitant with increased adipogenic differentiation, while OGG1 overexpression significantly increases PARylation and blunts adipogenesis. Collectively, these data indicate a novel role for OGG1 in modulating adipocyte differentiation and lipid accretion. These findings have important implications to our knowledge of the fundamental process of adipocyte differentiation, as well as to our understanding of lipid-related diseases such as obesity.

The present investigation evaluated the effect of inoculating different cyanobacterial formulations on a set of hybrids of maize, in terms of plant defense enzyme activity, soil health parameters, Zn concentration, and yields. Microbial inoculation showed significant effects on accumulation of Zn in flag leaf, with A4 (Anabaena–Azotobacter biofilm) recording the highest values. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that both the hybrids and cyanobacterial treatments brought about significant variation in terms of glomalin-related soil proteins and polysaccharides in soil and the activity of defense enzymes in roots and shoots of the plants. Cyanobacterial inoculants—A4 (Anabaena–Azotobacter biofilm) and A1 (Anabaena sp.–Providencia sp., CW1 + PW5) enhanced the activity of peroxidase, PAL and PPO in roots, which also showed a positive correlation with Zn concentration in the flag leaf. Grain yield ranged from 7.0 to 7.29 t/ha among the different inoculants. Comparative analyses of treatments showed that A3 (Anabaena–Trichoderma-biofilmed formulation) and hybrid B8 (Bio-9681) were superior in terms of parameters investigated. This represents the first report on the genotypic responses of maize hybrids to cyanobacteria-based inoculants. Future research should focus on dissecting the role of root exudates and cyanobacteria-mediated Zn mobilization pathway in maize.

Insulin resistance is associated with obesity and can lead to several metabolic disorders including type II diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular problems. Search for the small molecules which can either induce or mimic the insulin action are of great interest and can be utilized to manage insulin resistance. There are several dietary phytochemicals which can potentially have insulinomimetic action. Nevertheless, high throughput screening methods to test efficiency of small molecules to act as an insulinomimetic are not fully established. In this paper we have performed chemical screen analysis based on GLUT4 translocation using a cell line CHO-HIRC-myc-GLUT4 eGFP that expresses GLUT4-GFP in association with human Insulin receptor. We have established a high content screening-based method which can track and quantify the GLUT4 translocation from perinuclear area to the cell membrane. The assay involves measuring fluorescence intensity in a defined perinuclear area and a defined area along the cell membrane; and the results are expressed as the ratio of fluorescence intensity in the perinuclear to membrane area. The assay could collect real time data of GLUT4 translocation from thousand of cells/ sample and from many such samples in one experiment. We validated the assay using Insulin, insulin mimics/sensitizers and insulin inhibitors. The agonist or antagonists were analyzed for their ability to enhance or block the GLUT4 translocation independent of insulin. The outcome of the assay was correlated by performing glucose uptake assay using differentiated 3T3L1 cells. Using this platform we further identified several plant extracts which had the insulin mimetic action. We confirmed that these plant extracts were non-toxic to the beta cells using RIN mf5cells and 3T3L1 cells. We have identified plant extracts with the potential insulinomimetic action using novel high-content screening approach; these can be further tested for their efficiency in-vivo in pre-clinical trials.

In this paper, we investigate the performance of full duplex relay (FDR) assisted cognitive radio (CR) network employing Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme. In this system, the secondary and primary users are paired according to the NOMA protocol and also the users share the common relay for cooperative transmission. The exact closed-form expressions for outage probability and average throughput of secondary user(SU) is provided. According to results, the proposed system enhance the system performance significantly. To get more insights, we also make a fair comparison of our system over the existing half-duplex scenario.

Obesity and related metabolic pathologies represent a significant public health concern. Obesity is associated with increased oxidative stress that damages genomic and mitochondrial DNA. Oxidatively-induced lesions in both DNA pools are repaired via the base-excision repair pathway, initiated by DNA glycosylases such as 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1). Global deletion of OGG1 and common OGG1 polymorphisms render mice and humans susceptible to metabolic disease. However, the relative contribution of mitochondrial OGG1 to this metabolic phenotype is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that transgenic targeting of OGG1 to mitochondria confers significant protection from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue inflammation. These favorable metabolic phenotypes are mediated by an increase in whole body energy expenditure driven by specific metabolic adaptations, including increased mitochondrial respiration in white adipose tissue of OGG1 transgenic (Ogg1Tg) animals. These data demonstrate a critical role for a DNA repair protein in modulating mitochondrial energetics and whole-body energy balance.

The use of Rhizobium inoculants in chickpea is well established; however, meagre efforts have been directed towards the use of other microbial supplements for improving nutrient uptake and yields. A set of novel cyanobacterial and biofilmed inoculants were evaluated in chickpea under field conditions. A significant two-fold enhancement in leghaemoglobin content of nodules and plant biomass was recorded with Anabaena laxa treatment. The inoculants - Anabaena laxa and Anabaena - Rhizobium biofilmed formulation proved to be the top-ranking treatments. Soil chlorophyll, nitrogen-fixation and available N possessed high positive direct effects on grain yield through positive - correlations and - high direct effects and also had high positive indirect effects through other component traits. The cumulative effect of improved plant growth and nutrient uptake exhibited a positive correlation with microbiological activity, especially nitrogen fixation, soil chlorophyll and soil available nitrogen. This may account for the significantly higher yield parameters in the A. laxa treatment, which recorded 50% higher grain yield (1724kgha(-1)) as compared to control (847kgha(-1)).

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) on micronutrient enrichment of rice crops grown under conventional (flooded) and SRI (System of Rice Intensification) practices. Significant differences were recorded among treatments and cultivation practices in terms of soil microbial activity reflected in enhanced nutrient uptake, enzyme activity, and yield. The Anabaena-based biofilm inoculants were particularly superior under both methods of cultivation, leading to 13–46% enhancement of iron and 15-41% enhancement of zinc in rice grains over uninoculated controls. SRI was found to be superior in terms of enhancing the concentration of zinc, copper, iron, and manganese (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn), particularly in grains, and significant in increasing the activity of defense- and pathogenesis- related enzymes and yield parameters. This study illustrates the utility of cyanobacteria-based inoculants for both methods of rice cultivation and t...

Pigmented epitheloid melanocytoma is a recently described entity, low grade malignant lesion, encompassing epitheloid blue nevus of carney complex and animal type melanoma, from which they are histologically indistinguishable. Excision biopsy of skin and lymph node were subjected to histopathological processing and IHC studies. The characteristic histomorphology and positive melanocytic marker in spindle, polygonal and epitheloid cellular components of both the skin and left supraclavicular lymph nodal lesions confirmed the diagnosis. We report a rare case of pigmented epitheloid melanocytoma of the anterior chest wall with metastasis to left supraclavicular lymph node.

Background: Gall bladder perforation though an unusual complication following acute cholecystitis is no longer a cause for diagnostic dilemma among patients presenting with signs and symptoms of peritonitis. This would be possible following a detailed history and a systematic clinical examination of the patients presenting with acute abdomen secondary to gall bladder perforation and confirmation by a readily available diagnostic modality like ultrasound abdomen. Methods: A total of 18 patients who presented with signs and symptoms of peritonitis following gall bladder perforation over a period of two years were studied retrospectively .A detailed history elicited from these patients and a meticulous clinical examination carried out followed by an ultrasound abdomen facilitated an early diagnosis and immediate surgical intervention thereby ensuring a better outcome. Factors which led to gall bladder perforation secondary to acute cholecytsitis were also looked into. Results: 17 patients were preoperatively diagnosed to have gall bladder perforation. 83%of the patients had calculus cholecystitis. Diabetics constituted the majority of the cases (15). 15 out of 18 (83%) patients had type 1 perforation whereas the other 3 had type 2 perforation. 11 patients had undergone subtotal cholecystectomy, 4 cholecystectomy and only 3 patients had cholecystectomy. Infective complication rate was high but only 1 patient had died postoperatively. Conclusions: A relevant history and a systematic clinical examination along with diagnostic imaging (USG and CT abdomen) would be significant in establishing an early diagnosis of gallbladder perforation. Morbidity and Mortality were high among patients presenting with gall bladder perforation secondary to a calculus cholecystitis.

The effect of Rhizobium inoculation alone and in conjunction with plant growth promoting (PGP) microbial inoculants was evaluated in three leguminous crops – chickpea, pea and lentil. Significant enhancement in soil polysaccharide content and plant dry weight was recorded over control, in all those treatments receiving microbial inoculation. Nitrogen fixation (measured as ARA, acetylene reducing activity) in the treatment involving Anabaena laxa (RPAN8) showed a two folds increase over both Rhizobium inoculation and control in lentil, and in Trichoderma–Rhizobium treatment in pea crop. An increase of two-four folds in leghaemoglobin content and a doubling of yields was recorded in the combined microbial inoculation treatments, as compared to both Rhizobium inoculation or control, particularly in chickpea crop. A significant positive correlation was observed between nitrogen fixation with plant biomass and yields in all the three crops. Among the treatments, the use of cyanobacterium Anabaena laxa (RPAN8) and Anabaena–Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilmed inoculant, were most promisimg, besides biofilmed inoculants of Trichoderma or Anabaena with Rhizobium being among the top ranking treatments. These investigations illustrate the promise of cyanobacterial inoculants in various leguminous crops. Future focus needs to be towards understanding signalling mechanisms between Rhizobium and cyanobacteria and their positive feedback on plant growth and yield of legumes.

The performance of cyanobacteria and Trichoderma based biocontrol formulations was evaluated in two cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum F1861 and Gossypium arboreum CISA 310). Evaluation of mortality after 4 weeks revealed a significant reduction, particularly in G. hirsutum F1861, with values of 13 % (lower by 2 % over the Trichoderma commercial biocontrol agent). The percent mortality after drenching with the compost tea prepared using respective formulations, ranged from 28 to 75 % in G. arboreum CISA 310, with significantly lower values of 6–37.3 % in G. hirsutum. The Anabaena laxa RPAN8 formulation showed the lowest mortality. The activity of hydrolytic enzymes—β-1, 3 glucanase (EGase EC 3.2.1.39), β-1, 4 glucanase (EGase EC, 3.2.1.4) and chitosanase (EC 3.2.1.99) showed a significant enhancement in the inoculated treatments (T1–T6), with Calothrix sp. being among the top ranked treatments in both varieties. Comparison of DNA fingerprints (HIP-TG profiles) of rhizospheric soil DNA with those of corresponding pure cultures revealed a high degree of similarity, confirming the colonization of inoculated organisms. An amplicon of 1000 bp was observed in the soil metagenomic PCR-DNA profiles from both varieties, which confirmed the presence of an endoglucanase gene. Comparative analyses of responses of the two varieties revealed that Gossypium hirsutum F1861 showed higher values of hydrolytic enzymes and available N in soil. On the other hand, microbial inoculation elicited higher levels of chitosanase and defense enzyme activity in Gossypium arboreum CISA 310. This represents a first report illustrating the significance of varietal responses in cotton in relation to the efficacy of microbial biocontrol formulations and their establishment in the rhizosphere.

Rice plants are selective with their associations with bacteria that are beneficial for growth, nutrient uptake, exhibit induced resistance or antagonism towards pathogens. Cyanobacteria as bioinoculants are known to promote the growth and health of rice plants. The present investigation was aimed at understanding whether and how cyanobacterial ( Calothrix elenkinii ) inoculation influenced the rice plant growth and the culturable bacterial populations and identifying the dominant culturable “microbiome” members. The plant tissue extracts were used to enumerate populations of the culturable microbiome members using selected enrichment media with different nutrient levels. About 10-fold increases in population densities of culturable microbiome members in different media were recorded, with some isolates having metabolic potential for nitrogen fixation and phosphorus solubilization. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing of selected microbial morphotypes suggested the predominance of the members of Bacillaceae . Significant increases in plant growth attributes, nitrogenase activity and indole acetic acid production, and activities of hydrolytic and defense enzymes were recorded in the Calothrix inoculated plants. The PCR-based analysis and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations confirmed the presence of inoculated cyanobacterium inside the plant tissues. This investigation illustrated that cyanobacterial inoculation can play significant roles in improving growth and metabolism of rice directly and interact with the beneficial members from the endophytic microbiome of rice seedlings synergistically.

Cyanobacteria-rice plant interactions were analyzed using a hydroponics experiment. The activity of plant defense and pathogenesis-related enzymes, scanning electron microscopy, growth, nitrogen fixation (measured as ARA), and DNA fingerprinting assays proved useful in illustrating the nature of associations of cyanobacteria with rice plants. Microscopic analyses revealed the presence of short filaments and coiled masses of filaments of cyanobacteria near the epidermis and cortex of roots and shoot tissues. Among the six cyanobacterial strains employed, Calothrix sp. (RPC1), Anabaena laxa (RPAN8), and Anabaena azollae (C16) were the best performing strains, in terms of colonization in roots and stem. These strains also enhanced nitrogen fixation and stimulated the activity of plant defense/cell wall-degrading enzymes. A significantly high correlation was also recorded between the elicited plant enzymes, growth, and ARA. DNA fingerprinting using highly iterated palindromic sequences (HIP-TG) further helped in proving the establishment of inoculated organisms in the roots/shoots of rice plants. This study illustrated that the colonization of cyanobacteria in the plant tissues is facilitated by increased elicitation of plant enzymes, leading to improved plant growth, nutrient mobilization, and enhanced plant fitness. Such strains can be promising candidates for developing "cyanobacteria colonized-nitrogen-fixing rice plants" in the future.

Vanillic acid (VA), a flavoring agent used in food and drug products, obtained naturally from the plant Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Apiaceae), used in the traditional Chinese medicine. It is reported to possess strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the pharmacological effects on oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration are not well investigated.This study investigates the neuroprotective effect of VA on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced neurodegeneration in mice through behavioral and biochemical parameters.The behavioral effects were determined using the Y-maze and open-field habituation memory. In biochemical parameters, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), corticosterone, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase) were measured. Five groups of animals used were of control, negative control, and three separate groups treated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of VA, respectively, for 28 d. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of STZ were performed for all groups except control on 14th and 16th of 28 d of VA treatment.VA improved spatial learning and memory retention by preventing oxidative stress compared with control animals. VA at 50 and 100 mg/kg dose significantly (p0.001) improved the habituation memory, decreased the AChE, corticosterone, TNF-α, and increased the antioxidants (p0.001). VA (100 mg/kg) exhibited dose-dependent effect in all parameters with p0.001 except antioxidants in which VA showed the significance of p0.01.VA exhibited reduction in AChE, TNF-α, and corticosterone with improved antioxidants to contribute neuroprotection and could be an effective therapeutic agent for treating neurodegenerative disorders.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate & compare the wetting ability of five saliva substitutes & distilled water on heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Contact angle of the saliva substitute on denture base can be taken as an indicator of wettability. Good wetting of heat-polymerized acrylic resin is critical for optimum retention of complete dentures.Methods: Two hundred & forty samples of heat-polymerized acrylic resin were fabricated using conventional method. 240 samples divided into 6 groups with 40 samples in each group. Advancing & Receding contact angles were measured using Contact Angle Goniometer & DSA4 software analysis.Results: Anova test was carried out to test the significance in difference of contact angle values in the six groups. The mean of advancing angle values & mean of receding angle values of all the six groups has shown statistically significant difference between the groups. The mean of angle of hysteresis values of all the six groups are statistically not significant between the groups. A multiple comparison using Bonferroni’s test was carried out to verify the significance of difference between the contact angles in a pair of groups. Statistically significant difference was seen when Aqwet (Group II) was compared to Distilled water (Group I), Wet Mouth (Group III), E-Saliva (Group IV), Biotene (Group V), and Moi-Stir (Group VI).Conclusion: The contact angles of five saliva substitutes and distilled water were measured and compared. Group II (AQWET) has the lowest advancing and receding contact angle values and the highest angle of hysteresis on heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Based on contact angle values, Group II (AQWET) has the best wetting ability on heat-cured acrylic resins. The ability of saliva to wet the denture surface is one of the most important properties for complete denture retention in dry mouth cases.Keywords: Wettability, xerostomia, retention, denture, saliva