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1. PFAS levels and exposure determinants in sensitive population groups

Author: Fábelová, L., primary, Beneito, A., additional, Casas, M., additional, Colles, A., additional, Dalsager, L., additional, Den Hond, E., additional, Dereumeaux, C., additional, Ferguson, K., additional, Gilles, L., additional, Govarts, E., additional, Irizar, A., additional, Lopez Espinosa, M.J., additional, Montazeri, P., additional, Morrens, B., additional, Patayová, H., additional, Rausová, K., additional, Richterová, D., additional, Rodriguez Martin, L., additional, Santa-Marina, L., additional, Schettgen, T., additional, Schoeters, G., additional, Haug, L.S., additional, Uhl, M., additional, Villanger, G.D., additional, Vrijheid, M., additional, Zaros, C., additional, and Palkovičová Murínová, Ľ, additional
Published: 2023
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2. Effects of residential greenness on attention in a longitudinal study at 8 and 11–13 years

Author: Anabitarte, A., primary, Ibarluzea, J., additional, García-Baquero, G., additional, Santa Marina, L., additional, Fernández-Somoano, A., additional, Tardón, A., additional, Nieuwenhuijsen, M., additional, de Castro, M., additional, Dadvand, P., additional, and Lertxundi, A., additional
Published: 2022
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3. A meta-analysis of pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index and placental DNA methylation identifies 27 CpG sites with implications for mother-child health

Author: Fernandez-Jimenez, N, Fore, R, Cilleros-Portet, A, Lepeule, J, Perron, P, Kvist, T, Tian, F-Y, Lesseur, C, Binder, AM, Lozano, M, Martorell-Marugan, J, Loke, YJ, Bakulski, KM, Zhu, Y, Forhan, A, Sammallahti, S, Everson, TM, Chen, J, Michels, KB, Belmonte, T, Carmona-Saez, P, Halliday, J, Fallin, MD, LaSalle, JM, Tost, J, Czamara, D, Fernandez, MF, Gomez-Martin, A, Craig, JM, Gonzalez-Alzaga, B, Schmidt, RJ, Dou, JF, Muggli, E, Lacasana, M, Vrijheid, M, Marsit, CJ, Karagas, MR, Raikkonen, K, Bouchard, L, Heude, B, Santa-Marina, L, Bustamante, M, Hivert, M-F, Bilbao, JR, Fernandez-Jimenez, N, Fore, R, Cilleros-Portet, A, Lepeule, J, Perron, P, Kvist, T, Tian, F-Y, Lesseur, C, Binder, AM, Lozano, M, Martorell-Marugan, J, Loke, YJ, Bakulski, KM, Zhu, Y, Forhan, A, Sammallahti, S, Everson, TM, Chen, J, Michels, KB, Belmonte, T, Carmona-Saez, P, Halliday, J, Fallin, MD, LaSalle, JM, Tost, J, Czamara, D, Fernandez, MF, Gomez-Martin, A, Craig, JM, Gonzalez-Alzaga, B, Schmidt, RJ, Dou, JF, Muggli, E, Lacasana, M, Vrijheid, M, Marsit, CJ, Karagas, MR, Raikkonen, K, Bouchard, L, Heude, B, Santa-Marina, L, Bustamante, M, Hivert, M-F, and Bilbao, JR
Abstract: Higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) is associated with increased neonatal morbidity, as well as with pregnancy complications and metabolic outcomes in offspring later in life. The placenta is a key organ in fetal development and has been proposed to act as a mediator between the mother and different health outcomes in children. The overall aim of the present work is to investigate the association of ppBMI with epigenome-wide placental DNA methylation (DNAm) in 10 studies from the PACE consortium, amounting to 2631 mother-child pairs. We identify 27 CpG sites at which we observe placental DNAm variations of up to 2.0% per 10 ppBMI-unit. The CpGs that are differentially methylated in placenta do not overlap with CpGs identified in previous studies in cord blood DNAm related to ppBMI. Many of the identified CpGs are located in open sea regions, are often close to obesity-related genes such as GPX1 and LGR4 and altogether, are enriched in cancer and oxidative stress pathways. Our findings suggest that placental DNAm could be one of the mechanisms by which maternal obesity is associated with metabolic health outcomes in newborns and children, although further studies will be needed in order to corroborate these findings.
Published: 2022

4. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake during Pregnancy and Child Neuropsychological Development: A ulti-Centre Population-Based Birth Cohort Study in Spain

Author: Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tahaei H; Gignac F; Pinar A; Fernandez-Barrés S; Romaguera D; Vioque J; Santa-Marina L; Subiza-Pérez M; Llop S; Soler-Blasco R; Arija V; Salas-Salvadó J; Tardón A; Riaño-Galán I; Sunyer J; Guxens M; Julvez J, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Tahaei H; Gignac F; Pinar A; Fernandez-Barrés S; Romaguera D; Vioque J; Santa-Marina L; Subiza-Pérez M; Llop S; Soler-Blasco R; Arija V; Salas-Salvadó J; Tardón A; Riaño-Galán I; Sunyer J; Guxens M; Julvez J
Abstract: Background: There are few studies that look at the intake of all types of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) during the different stages of pregnancy along with a long-term neuropsychological follow-up of the child. This study aims to explore the association between maternal n-3 PUFA intake during two periods of pregnancy and the child’s neuropsychological scores at different ages. Methods: Prospective data were obtained for 2644 pregnant women recruited between 2004 and 2008 in population-based birth cohorts in Spain. Maternal n-3 PUFA intake during the first and third trimester of pregnancy was estimated using validated food frequency questionnaires. Child neuropsychological functions were assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant Development version one (BSID) at 1 year old, the McCarthy Scale of Children’s Abilities (MSCA) at 4 years old, and the Attention Network Test (ANT) at 7 years old. Data were analysed using multivariate linear regression models and adjusted for potential covariates, such as maternal social class, education, cohort location, alcohol consumption, smoking, breastfeeding duration, and energy intake. Results: Compared to participants in the lowest quartile (<1.262 g/week) of n-3 PUFA consumption during the first trimester, those in the highest quartile (>1.657 g/week) had a 2.26 points (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41, 4.11) higher MSCA general cognitive score, a 2.48 points (95% CI: 0.53, 4.43) higher MSCA verbal score, and a 2.06 points (95% CI: 0.166, 3.95) higher MSCA executive function score, and a 11.52 milliseconds (95% CI:-22.95,-0.09) lower ANT hit reaction time standard error. In the third pregnancy trimester, the associations were weaker. Conclusions: Positive associations between n-3 PUFA intake during early pregnancy and
Published: 2022

5. Association between the Use of Folic Acid Supplements during Pregnancy and Children's Cognitive Function at 7-9 Years of Age in the INMA Cohort Study

Author: Compañ-Gabucio LM, Torres-Collado L, Garcia-de la Hera M, Fernández-Somoano A, Tardón A, Julvez J, Sunyer J, Rebagliato M, Murcia M, Ibarluzea J, Santa-Marina L, and Vioque J
Subjects: attentional function, birth cohort study, folic acid, sex specific, high, deficiency, working memory
Abstract: This study investigated the association between maternal low (
Published: 2022

6. Maternal occupational exposures and fetal growth in a Spanish birth cohort

Author: Ish J, Gimeno Ruiz de Porras D, Symanski E, Ballester F, Casas M, Delclos GL, Guxens M, Ibarluzea J, Iñiguez C, Santa-Marina L, Swartz MD, and Whitworth KW
Abstract: While the epidemiologic literature suggests certain maternal occupational exposures may be associated with reduced measures of size at birth, the occupational literature employing fetal biometry data to assess fetal growth is sparse. The present study examines associations between maternal occupational exposures and ultrasound-measured fetal growth. We included 1,739 singleton pregnancies from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) project (2003-2008). At 32 weeks of pregnancy, interviewers ascertained mothers' employment status and assessed job-related physical loads, work schedules, and job strain during pregnancy. Job titles were linked to a job-exposure matrix to estimate exposure to 10 endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) groups. We calculated z-scores from longitudinal growth curves representing trajectories from 0-12, 12-20 and 20-34 gestational weeks for abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Linear mixed models clustered by IMNA region (i.e., Gipuzkoa, Sabadell, Valencia) were used to examine associations between occupational exposures and fetal growth. Effect estimates are presented as percentage change in fetal growth. There was limited evidence of associations between work-related non-chemical stressors and fetal growth. We observed associations of similar magnitude between multiple EDC groups and decreased EFW trajectories during 20-34 gestational weeks (phthalates: -1.4% [-3.5, 0.6%]; alkylphenolic compounds (APCs): -1.1% [-2.3, 0.1%]; miscellaneous chemicals: -1.5% [-3.7, 0.8%]), while miscellaneous chemicals were associated with increased BPD from 12-20 weeks (2.1% [0.8, 3.5%]). Notably, 67% of women exposed to phthalates were hairdressers; 68% of women exposed to APCs worked as domestic cleaners. In conclusion, we found limited evidence that maternal occupational exposures impact fetal growth. Further research should consider the combined impact of multiple workplace exposures.
Published: 2022

7. Prenatal arsenic exposure, arsenic methylation efficiency, and neuropsychological development among preschool children in a Spanish birth cohort

Author: Soler-Blasco R, Murcia M, Lozano M, Sarzo B, Esplugues A, Riutort-Mayol G, Vioque J, Lertxundi N, Santa Marina L, Lertxundi A, Irizar A, Braeuer S, Ballester F, and Llop S
Subjects: Spain, Prenatal exposure, Neurodevelopment, Methylation, Arsenic
Abstract: Background: Prenatal arsenic (As) exposure could negatively affect child neuropsychological development, but the current evidence is inconclusive. Objectives: To explore the relationship between prenatal urinary total As (TAs) concentrations, the As species and the methylation efficiency, and child neuropsychological development in a Spanish birth cohort. We also studied the effect modification produced by sex and several nutrients and elements. Materials and methods: Study subjects were 807 mother-child pairs participating in the INMA (Childhood and Environment) Project. Urinary TAs and its metabolites, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), inorganic As (iAs) and arsenobetaine were measured in the first trimester of pregnancy. Methylation efficiency was determined through the percentages of the metabolites and using principal component analysis. Children's neuropsychological development was assessed at the age of 4-5 years using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA). Multivariable linear regression models were built to assess the association between TAs, the As species and the maternal methylation efficiency, and the neuropsychological scores. We explored effect modification by sex, iron status, maternal nutrients status (serum manganese and selenium, and urinary zinc), and maternal vitamins intake (folate, and vitamins B-12 and B-6). Results: The geometric mean (95%CI) of Sigma(As) (sum of DMA, MMA and iAs) was 7.78 (7.41, 8.17) mu g/g creatinine. MMA concentrations were inversely associated with the scores for the general, verbal, quantitative, memory, executive function and working memory scales (i.e. beta [CI95%] = -1.37 [-2.33, -0.41] for the general scale). An inverse association between %MMA and the memory scores was found. Children whose mothers had lower manganese, zinc and ferritin concentrations obtained lower scores on several MSCA scales with decreasing As methylation efficiency. Discussion: An inverse association was observed between MMA concentrations and children's neuropsychological development. Maternal levels of manganese, zinc and ferritin affected the association between As methylation efficiency and MSCA scores.
Published: 2022

8. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake during Pregnancy and Child Neuropsychological Development: A Multi-Centre Population-Based Birth Cohort Study in Spain

Author: Tahaei H, Gignac F, Pinar A, Fernandez-Barrés S, Romaguera D, Vioque J, Santa-Marina L, Subiza-Pérez M, Llop S, Soler-Blasco R, Arija V, Salas-Salvadó J, Tardón A, Riaño-Galán I, Sunyer J, Guxens M, and Julvez J
Subjects: children, neurodevelopment, omega-3 fatty acids, maternal diet, population-based cohort
Abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few studies that look at the intake of all types of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) during the different stages of pregnancy along with a long-term neuropsychological follow-up of the child. This study aims to explore the association between maternal n-3 PUFA intake during two periods of pregnancy and the child's neuropsychological scores at different ages. METHODS: Prospective data were obtained for 2644 pregnant women recruited between 2004 and 2008 in population-based birth cohorts in Spain. Maternal n-3 PUFA intake during the first and third trimester of pregnancy was estimated using validated food frequency questionnaires. Child neuropsychological functions were assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant Development version one (BSID) at 1 year old, the McCarthy Scale of Children's Abilities (MSCA) at 4 years old, and the Attention Network Test (ANT) at 7 years old. Data were analysed using multivariate linear regression models and adjusted for potential covariates, such as maternal social class, education, cohort location, alcohol consumption, smoking, breastfeeding duration, and energy intake. RESULTS: Compared to participants in the lowest quartile (1.657 g/day) had a 2.26 points (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41, 4.11) higher MSCA general cognitive score, a 2.48 points (95% CI: 0.53, 4.43) higher MSCA verbal score, and a 2.06 points (95% CI: 0.166, 3.95) higher MSCA executive function score, and a 11.52 milliseconds (95% CI: -22.95, -0.09) lower ANT hit reaction time standard error. In the third pregnancy trimester, the associations were weaker. CONCLUSIONS: Positive associations between n-3 PUFA intake during early pregnancy and child neuropsychological functions at 4 and 7 years of age were found, and further clinical research is needed to confirm these findings.
Published: 2022

9. Prenatal exposure to mixtures of phthalates and phenols and body mass index and blood pressure in Spanish preadolescents

Author: Güil-Oumrait N, Cano-Sancho G, Montazeri P, Stratakis N, Warembourg C, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Vioque J, Santa-Marina L, Jimeno-Romero A, Ventura R, Monfort N, Vrijheid M, and Casas M
Subjects: Phthalates, Phenols, Benzophenone-3, Parabens, Body mass index (BMI), Blood pressure (BP)
Abstract: Background: Pregnant women are simultaneously exposed to several non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chem-icals, which may influence the risk of childhood obesity and cardiovascular diseases later in life. Previous prospective studies have mostly examined single-chemical effects, with inconsistent findings. We assessed the association between prenatal exposure to phthalates and phenols, individually and as a mixture, and body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) in preadolescents. Methods: We used data from the Spanish INMA birth cohort study (n = 1,015), where the 1st and 3rd-trimester maternal urinary concentrations of eight phthalate metabolites and six phenols were quantified. At 11 years of age, we calculated BMI z-scores and measured systolic and diastolic BP. We estimated individual chemical effects with linear mixed models and joint effects of the chemical mixture with hierarchical Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Analyses were stratified by sex and by puberty status. Results: In single-exposure models, benzophenone-3 (BP3) was nonmonotonically associated with higher BMI z -score (e.g. Quartile (Q) 3: beta = 0.23 [95% CI = 0.03, 0.44] vs Q1) and higher diastolic BP (Q2: beta = 1.27 [0.00, 2.53] mmHg vs Q1). Methyl paraben (MEPA) was associated with lower systolic BP (Q4: beta =-1.67 [-3.31,-0.04] mmHg vs Q1). No consistent associations were observed for the other compounds. Results from the BKMR confirmed the single-exposure results and showed similar patterns of associations, with BP3 having the highest importance in the mixture models, especially among preadolescents who reached puberty status. No overall mixture effect was found, except for a tendency of higher BMI z-score and lower systolic BP in girls. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to UV-filter BP3 may be associated with higher BMI and diastolic BP during preadolescence, but there is little evidence for an overall phthalate and phenol mixture effect.
Published: 2022

10. Arsenic exposure and respiratory outcomes during childhood in the INMA study

Author: Signes-Pastor AJ, Díaz-Coto S, Martinez-Camblor P, Carey M, Soler-Blasco R, García-Villarino M, Fernández-Somoano A, Julvez J, Carrasco P, Lertxundi A, Santa Marina L, Casas M, Meharg AA, Karagas MR, and Vioque-Lopez J
Abstract: Ingested inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a human carcinogen that is also linked to other adverse health effects, such as respiratory outcomes. Yet, among populations consuming low-arsenic drinking water, the impact of iAs exposure on childhood respiratory health is still uncertain. For a Spanish child study cohort (INfancia y Medio Ambiente-INMA), low-arsenic drinking water is usually available and ingestion of iAs from food is considered the major source of exposure. Here, we explored the association between iAs exposure and children's respiratory outcomes assessed at 4 and 7 years of age (n = 400). The summation of 4-year-old children's urinary iAs, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) was used as a biomarker of iAs exposure (?As) (median of 4.92 µg/L). Children's occurrence of asthma, eczema, sneeze, wheeze, and medication for asthma and wheeze at each assessment time point (i.e., 4- and 7-year) was assessed with maternal interviewer-led questionnaires. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression models using Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) were performed to account for the association between natural logarithm transformed (ln) urinary ?As in µg/L at 4 years and repeated assessments of respiratory symptoms at 4 and 7 years of age. The covariates included in the models were child sex, maternal smoking status, maternal level of education, sub-cohort, and children's consumption of vegetables, fruits, and fish/seafood. The GEE-splines function using Poisson regression showed an increased trend of the overall expected counts of respiratory symptoms with high urinary ?As. The adjusted expected counts (95% confidence intervals) at ln-transformed urinary ?As 1.57 (average concentration) and 4.00 (99th percentile concentration) were 0.63 (0.36, 1.10) and 1.33 (0.61, 2.89), respectively. These exploratory findings suggest that even relatively low-iAs exposure levels, relevant to the Spanish and other populations, may relate to an increased number of respiratory symptoms during childhood.
Published: 2022

11. Response to 'Comment on Maternal Perfluoroalkyl Substances, Thyroid Hormones, and DIO Genes: A Spanish Cross-sectional Study: Predictability of Multiple Imputations for Large Amounts of Missing Data'

Author: Sarzo B, Ballesteros V, Iñiguez C, Manzano-Salgado CB, Casas M, Llop S, Murcia M, Guxens M, Vrijheid M, Santa Marina L, Schettgen T, Espada M, Irizar A, Fernandez-Jimenez N, Ballester F, and Lopez-Espinosa MJ
Published: 2022

12. Serum metal levels in a population of Spanish pregnant women

Author: Zubero MB, Llop S, Irizar A, Murcia M, Molinuevo A, Ballester F, Levi M, Lozano M, Ayerdi M, and Santa-Marina L
Subjects: Serum, Suero, Trace elements, Embarazo, Pregnancy, Oligoelementos
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe serum levels of calcium, copper, selenium, magnesium, iron and zinc and evaluate their relationship with maternal socio-demographic characteristics and dietary variables in women in the first trimester of pregnancy. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with 1279 participants from the INMA cohorts. RESULTS: The concentrations of the elements analyzed were within the normal range. Associations with higher levels of these metals were found for calcium with white meat intake (p=0.026), for copper with excess body weight (p 71g/day) (p=0.014) and having been born in Spain (p=0.001). Further, lower iron levels were associated with being overweight (p=0.021) or obese (p
Published: 2022

13. Validation of a Parent-Reported Physical Activity Questionnaire by Accelerometry in European Children Aged from 6 to 12 Years Old

Author: Prieto-Botella D, Valera-Gran D, Santa-Marina L, Babarro I, Subiza-Perez M, Casas M, Guxens M, Cardenas-Fuentes G, Heude B, Bernard J, McEachan R, Garcia-Aymerich J, Vrijheid M, and Navarrete-Munoz E
Subjects: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, validity measures, measurement, childhood
Abstract: Validated physical activity (PA) questionnaires are crucial for collecting information in large epidemiological studies during childhood. Thus, this study analyzed the validity of a parent-reported PA questionnaire based on the Children's Leisure Activities Study Survey by accelerometry in European children aged from 6 to 12 years old. We used data from 230 children of the Human Early-Life Exposome and Infancia y Medio Ambiente projects. Mean differences between moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) reported by the questionnaire and the accelerometer were calculated (min/day), and its associated factors were explored by multiple robust linear regression. The agreement between methods was examined using a Bland-Altman plot. The concurrent validity of assessing MVPA was analyzed by cohort-adjusted Spearman's partial correlations. ROC curve analysis was also used to explore the questionnaire's capability to identify active children based on the World Health Organization guidelines. A moderate correlation was found between parent-reported and accelerometer MVPA (rho = 0.41, p < 0.001). The child's sex (girl) was statistically associated with the mean MVPA difference between methods. However, this questionnaire accurately identified physically active children (area under the curve = 83.8% and 82.7% for boys and girls, cut-points = 68.6 and 45.4 min/day in MVPA, respectively). Consequently, this questionnaire is suitable for classifying active children in order to monitor public health interventions regarding PA.
Published: 2022

14. Urban environment and cognitive and motor function in children from four European birth cohorts

Author: Binter AC, Bernard JY, Mon-Williams M, Andiarena A, González-Safont L, Vafeiadi M, Lepeule J, Soler-Blasco R, Alonso L, Kampouri M, Mceachan R, Santa-Marina L, Wright J, Chatzi L, Sunyer J, Philippat C, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Vrijheid M, and Guxens M
Subjects: Cohort, Urban environment, Cognitive function, Children, Motor function
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The urban environment may influence neurodevelopment from conception onwards, but there is no evaluation of the impact of multiple groups of exposures simultaneously. We investigated the association between early-life urban environment and cognitive and motor function in children. METHODS: We used data from 5403 mother-child pairs from four population-based birth-cohorts (UK, France, Spain, and Greece). We estimated thirteen urban home exposures during pregnancy and childhood, including: built environment, natural spaces, and air pollution. Verbal, non-verbal, gross motor, and fine motor functions were assessed using validated tests at five years old. We ran adjusted multi-exposure models using the Deletion-Substitution-Addition algorithm. RESULTS: Higher greenness exposure within 300 m during pregnancy was associated with higher verbal abilities (1.5 points (95% confidence interval 0.4, 2.7) per 0.20 unit increase in greenness). Higher connectivity density within 100 m and land use diversity during pregnancy were related to lower verbal abilities. Childhood exposure to PM2.5 mediated 74% of the association between greenness during childhood and verbal abilities. Higher exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy was related to lower fine motor function (-1.2 points (-2.1, -0.4) per 3.2 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5). No associations were found with non-verbal abilities and gross motor function. DISCUSSION: This study suggests that built environment, greenness, and air pollution may impact child cognitive and motor function at five years old. This study adds evidence that well-designed urban planning may benefit children's cognitive and motor development.
Published: 2022

15. Risk of child poverty and social exclusion in two Spanish regions: social and family determinants

Author: González L, Estarlich M, Murcia M, Larrañaga I, Barreto FB, Santa-Marina L, Arranz E, Cirugeda L, Simó S, and Rebagliato M
Subjects: Low work intensity, AROPE, Material deprivation, Inequalities, Poverty, Children
Abstract: Objective: Describe the risk of poverty and social exclusion in children aged 8-11 years from Gipuzkoa and Valencia (Spain), through AROPE (At Risk Of Poverty or Social Exclusion) indicators, and evaluate their associated factors in the INMA Project (Childhood and Environment). Method: Families in Gipuzkoa and Valencia (394 and 382, respectively) completed a questionnaire in 2015-2016. Low work intensity (LWI), at risk of poverty (RP) and material deprivation (MD) were estimated. AROPE consisted in meeting any of the previous sub-indicators. Socio-demographic, family and parental characteristics were considered. Frequencies, Venn's diagrams, and chi-square and Fisher tests were used in bivariate analysis and logistic regression in multivariate analysis. Results: For LWI, RP, MD and AROPE, prevalence of 2.5%, 5.6%, 2.3% and 7.2% were obtained in Gipuzkoa, and 8.1%, 31.5%, 7.8% and 34.7% in Valencia, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the AROPE was associated in both areas with maternal social class and non-nuclear families. In Gipuzkoa, it was also related to maternal education. In Valencia, other factors were the mother's foreign origin, and paternal education and smoking. Conclusion: There is higher AROPE prevalence in Valencia. Social class and family type were shared factors, but a differential pattern is observed in other social determinants. It is essential to implement social policies to reduce this axis of inequalities in health, especially in childhood. (C) 2019 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.
Published: 2021

16. Poverty, social exclusion, and mental health: the role of the family context in children aged 7-11 years INMA mother-and-child cohort study

Author: González L, Estarlich M, Murcia M, Barreto-Zarza F, Santa-Marina L, Simó S, Larrañaga MI, Ruiz-Palomino E, Ibarluzea J, and Rebagliato M
Subjects: Internalizing problems, Family context, Externalizing problems, Poverty
Abstract: Mental health problems are common in childhood and tend to be more frequent in populations at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE). The family environment can play a role in reducing the impact of economic hardship on these problems. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of multidimensional poverty on the mental health of children aged 7-11 years and the role of the family environment in two areas of Spain. Participants were 395 and 382 children aged 7 and 11 from Gipuzkoa and Valencia, respectively. Internalizing and externalizing problem scales of the child behaviour checklist (CBCL) were used. AROPE indicators were obtained by questionnaire, and three dimensions of the family context (Organization of the Physical Environment and Social Context, Parental Stress and Conflict, and Parental Profile Fostering Development) were measured through subscales 3, 4 and 5 of the Haezi-Etxadi family assessment scale (7-11) (HEFAS 7-11), respectively. Data were analysed using negative binomial regression and Structural Equation Modelling. AROPE prevalence was 7.1 and 34.5% in Gipuzkoa and Valencia, respectively. In both cohorts, there was a significant increase in internalizing and externalizing problems among participants with a higher AROPE score. However, AROPE did not affect internalizing problems in children from families living in a better physical environment and with social support (Subscale 3). The AROPE effect was jointly mediated by subscales 4 and 5 in 42 and 62% of internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively. Preventing economic inequities by economic compensation policies, improving the neighbourhood and immediate environment around the school, and promoting positive parenting programmes can improve mental health in childhood.
Published: 2021

17. Maternal sleep duration and infant birthweight: A population-based cohort study

Author: Marinelli M, Carsin AE, Turner MC, Fernández-Somoano A, Rodriguez-Dehli AC, Basterrechea M, Santa-Marina L, Iñiguez C, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Sunyer J, and Julvez J
Subjects: birthweight, birth outcomes, sleep duration, population-based birth cohort, maternal health
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sleep duration is an important health indicator. Our aim was to investigate the association between maternal sleep duration and infant birthweight. METHODS: The study included 2,536 mother-infant pairs of a Spanish birth cohort (2004-2006, INMA project). The exposures were questionnaire-based measures of sleep duration before and during pregnancy. The primary outcome was infant birthweight score (g) standardized to 40 weeks of gestation. RESULTS: In women sleeping less than 7 hours per day before pregnancy, each additional hour of sleep increased birthweight score by 44.7 g (p = 0.049) in the minimally-adjusted model, although findings were not statistically significant after considering other potential confounders (p > 0.05). However, increasing sleep duration for the group of mothers who slept more than 9 hours per day decreased birthweight score by 39.2 g per additional hour (p = 0.001). Findings were similar after adjusting for several socio-demographic confounders and maternal depression-anxiety clinical history as an intermediate factor. Similar but attenuated associations were observed with sleep duration in the second pregnancy trimester. CONCLUSION: The relationship between maternal sleep duration before and during pregnancy and infant birthweight is an inverse U-shaped curve. Excessive sleep duration may adversely affect infant health through its impact on birthweight.
Published: 2021

18. Maternal Ferritin Levels during Pregnancy and ADHD Symptoms in 4-Year-Old Children: Results from the INMA-INfancia y Medio Ambiente (Environment and Childhood) Prospective Birth Cohort Study (vol 17, 7704, 2020)

Author: Santa-Marina L, Lertxundi N, Andiarena A, Irizar A, Sunyer J, Molinuevo A, Llop S, Julvez J, Beneito A, Ibarluzea J, Imaz L, and Ferrin M
Published: 2021

19. Association between estimated whole-brain radiofrequency electromagnetic fields dose and cognitive function in preadolescents and adolescents

Author: Cabre-Riera, A, Wel, L, Liorni, I, Thielens, A, Birks, LE, Pierotti, L, Joseph, W, Gonzalez-Safont, L, Ibarluzea, J, Ferrero, A, Huss, A, Wiart, J, Santa-Marina, L, Torrent, M, Vrijkotte, T, Capstick, M, Vermeulen, R, Vrijheid, M, Cardis, E, Roosli, M, Guxens Junyent, Monica, Cabre-Riera, A, Wel, L, Liorni, I, Thielens, A, Birks, LE, Pierotti, L, Joseph, W, Gonzalez-Safont, L, Ibarluzea, J, Ferrero, A, Huss, A, Wiart, J, Santa-Marina, L, Torrent, M, Vrijkotte, T, Capstick, M, Vermeulen, R, Vrijheid, M, Cardis, E, Roosli, M, and Guxens Junyent, Monica
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the association between estimated whole-brain radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) dose, using an improved integrated RF-EMF exposure model, and cognitive function in preadolescents and adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis in preadolescents aged 9–11 years and adolescents aged 17–18 years from the Dutch Amsterdam Born Children and their Development Study (n = 1664 preadolescents) and the Spanish INfancia y Medio Ambiente Project (n = 1288 preadolescents and n = 261 adolescents), two population-based birth cohort studies. Overall whole-brain RF-EMF doses (mJ/kg/day) were estimated for several RF-EMF sources together including mobile and Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications phone calls (named phone calls), other mobile phone uses than calling, tablet use, laptop use (named screen activities), and far-field sources. We also estimated whole-brain RF-EMF doses in these three groups separately (i.e. phone calls, screen activities, and far-field) that lead to different patterns of RF-EMF exposure. We assessed non-verbal intelligence in the Dutch and Spanish preadolescents, information processing speed, attentional function, and cognitive flexibility in the Spanish preadolescents, and working memory and semantic fluency in the Spanish preadolescents and adolescents using validated neurocognitive tests. Results: Estimated overall whole-brain RF-EMF dose was 90.1 mJ/kg/day (interquartile range (IQR) 42.7; 164.0) in the Dutch and Spanish preadolescents and 105.1 mJ/kg/day (IQR 51.0; 295.7) in the Spanish adolescents. Higher overall estimated whole-brain RF-EMF doses from all RF-EMF sources together and from phone calls were associated with lower non-verbal intelligence score in the Dutch and Spanish preadolescents (−0.10 points, 95% CI -0.19; −0.02 per 100 mJ/kg/day increase in each exposure). However, none of the whole-brain RF-EMF doses was related to any other cognitive function outcome in the Spanish preadolescents o
Published: 2021

20. Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile communication: Description of modeled dose in brain regions and the body in European children and adolescents.

Author: Birks, LE, Wel, L, Liorni, I, Pierotti, L, Guxens Junyent, Monica, Huss, A, Foerster, M, Capstick, M, Eeftens, M, El Marroun, Hanan, Estarlich, M, Gallastegi, M, Safont, LG, Joseph, W, Santa-Marina, L, Thielens, A, Torrent, M, Vrijkotte, T, Wiart, J, Röösli, M, Cardis, E, Vermeulen, R, Vrijheid, M, Birks, LE, Wel, L, Liorni, I, Pierotti, L, Guxens Junyent, Monica, Huss, A, Foerster, M, Capstick, M, Eeftens, M, El Marroun, Hanan, Estarlich, M, Gallastegi, M, Safont, LG, Joseph, W, Santa-Marina, L, Thielens, A, Torrent, M, Vrijkotte, T, Wiart, J, Röösli, M, Cardis, E, Vermeulen, R, and Vrijheid, M
Abstract: Background: Little is known about radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF) from mobile technology and resulting dose in young people. We describe modeled integrated RF dose in European children and adolescents combining own mobile device use and surrounding sources. Methods: Using an integrated RF model, we estimated the daily RF dose in the brain (whole-brain, cerebellum, frontal lobe, midbrain, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobes) and the whole-body in 8358 children (ages 8–12) and adolescents (ages 14–18) from the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland during 2012–2016. The integrated model estimated RF dose from near-field sources (digital enhanced communication technology (DECT) phone, mobile phone, tablet, and laptop) and far-field sources (mobile phone base stations via 3D-radiowave modeling or RF measurements). Results: Adolescents were more frequent mobile phone users and experienced higher modeled RF doses in the whole-brain (median 330.4 mJ/kg/day) compared to children (median 81.8 mJ/kg/day). Children spent more time using tablets or laptops compared to adolescents, resulting in higher RF doses in the whole-body (median whole-body dose of 81.8 mJ/kg/day) compared to adolescents (41.9 mJ/kg/day). Among brain regions, temporal lobes received the highest RF dose (medians of 274.9 and 1786.5 mJ/kg/day in children and adolescents, respectively) followed by the frontal lobe. In most children and adolescents, calling on 2G networks was the main contributor to RF dose in the whole-brain (medians of 31.1 and 273.7 mJ/kg/day, respectively). Conclusion: This first large study of RF dose to the brain and body of children and adolescents shows that mobile phone calls on 2G networks are the main determinants of brain dose, especially in temporal and frontal lobes, whereas whole-body doses were mostly determined by tablet and laptop use. The modeling of RF doses provides valuable input to epidemiological research and to potential risk management regarding R
Published: 2021

21. High adherence to a mediterranean diet at age 4 reduces overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity incidence in children at the age of 8

Author: Notario-Barandiaran L, Valera-Gran D, Gonzalez-Palacios S, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, Fernández-Barrés S, Pereda-Pereda E, Fernández-Somoano A, Guxens M, Iñiguez C, Romaguera D, Vrijheid M, Tardón A, Santa-Marina L, Vioque J, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, and INMA Project
Abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet has been shown to be protective against obesity in adults, but the evidence is still inconclusive in children at early ages. Our objective was to explore the association between adherence to Mediterranean Diet at the age of 4 and the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity at 4 years of age, and incidence at the age of 8. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We analyzed data from children of the INMA cohort study who attended follow-up visits at age 4 and 8 years (n = 1801 and n = 1527, respectively). Diet was assessed at the age of 4 using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The adherence to MD was evaluated by the relative Mediterranean diet (rMED) score, and categorized as low (0-6), medium (7-10), and high (11-16). Overweight and obesity were defined according to the age-sex specific BMI cutoffs proposed by the International Obesity Task Force, and abdominal obesity as waist circumference >90th percentile. We used Poisson regression models to estimate prevalence ratios at 4 years of age, and Cox regression analysis to estimate hazard ratios (HR) from 4-8 years of age. RESULTS: In cross-sectional analyses at the age of 4 no association was observed between adherence to MD and overweight, obesity, or abdominal obesity. In longitudinal analyses, a high adherence to MD at age 4 was associated with lower incidence of overweight (HR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.21-0.67; p = 0.001), obesity (HR = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.05-0.53; p = 0.002), and abdominal obesity (HR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12-0.73; p = 0.008) at the age of 8. CONCLUSION: This study shows that a high adherence to MD at the age of 4 is associated with a lower risk of developing overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity at age 8. If these results are confirmed by other studies, MD may be recommended to reduce the incidence of obesity at early ages.
Published: 2020

22. Early childhood growth is associated with lung function at 7 years: a prospective population-based study

Author: Peralta GP, Abellan A, Montazeri P, Basterrechea M, Esplugues A, González-Palacios S, Roda C, Santa-Marina L, Sunyer J, Vrijheid M, Casas M, and Garcia-Aymerich J
Subjects: respiratory system, respiratory tract diseases
Abstract: Previous studies have related early postnatal growth with later lung function but their interpretation is limited by the methods used to assess a child's growth. We aimed to assess the association of early childhood growth, measured by body mass index (BMI) trajectories up to 4 years, with lung function at 7 years.We included 1257 children from the Spanish Infancia y Medio Ambiente population-based birth cohort. Early childhood growth was classified into five categories based on BMI trajectories up to 4 years previously identified using latent class growth analysis. These trajectories differed in birth size ("lower", "average", "higher") and in BMI gain velocity ("slower", "accelerated"). We related these trajectories to lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV(1)/FVC and forced expiratory flow at 25%-75% of FVC (FEF(25-75%))) at 7 years, using multivariable mixed regression.Compared to children with average birth size and slower BMI gain (reference), children with higher birth size and accelerated BMI gain had a higher FVC % pred (3.3%, 95% CI 1.0%-5.6%) and a lower FEV(1)/FVC % pred (-1.5%, 95% CI -2.9%--0.1%) at 7 years. Similar associations were observed for children with lower birth size and accelerated BMI gain. Children with lower birth size and slower BMI gain had lower FVC % pred at 7 years. No association was found for FEF(25-75%)Independently of birth size, children with accelerated BMI gain in early childhood had higher lung function at 7 years but showed airflow limitation. Children with lower birth size and slower BMI gain in early childhood had lower lung function at 7 years.
Published: 2020

23. Postnatal exposure to mercury and neuropsychological development among preschooler children

Author: Llop S, Murcia M, Amorós R, Julvez J, Santa-Marina L, Soler-Blasco R, Rebagliato M, Iñiguez C, Aguinagalde X, Iriarte G, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Andiarena A, Gonzalez L, Vioque J, Sunyer J, and Ballester F
Subjects: Postnatal, Cognitive, Fish, Methylmercury, Development
Abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the postnatal exposure to Hg and to evaluate its association with neuropsychological development among preschool children. The study population are 4-5 years old children (n = 1252) participant in the Spanish INMA Project. Total Hg was measured in cord blood and in hair samples taken at 4 years of age (2008-2012). Neuropsychological development was assessed using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA). Information on covariates and possible confounders was obtained by questionnaires during pregnancy and childhood. Generalized additive and linear regression models were built in order to assess the relationship between MSCA scores and Hg exposure. We also evaluated the magnitude of the possible bias generated from measurement error in seafood intake estimate from questionnaire and Hg determination. The geometric mean of hair Hg was 0.98 µg/g [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94, 1.03]. In the regression analysis, the association between Hg and the MSCA scores was positive for all the scales and statistically significant for the verbal (ß = 0.89; 95%CI 0.38, 1.39), memory (ß = 0.42; 95%CI 0.09, 0.76) and general cognitive scales (ß = 1.35; 95%CI 0.45, 2.25). However, these associations were clearly attenuated when we adjusted by the children's fish intake variables or when took into account theoretical scenarios of low precision in fish intake and Hg measurements. Hg levels in this Spanish population were high in comparison with other European countries; however, we did not observe adverse effects on child neuropsychological development associated with this postnatal exposure to Hg.
Published: 2020

24. Novel loci for childhood body mass index and shared heritability with adult cardiometabolic traits.

Author: Vogelezang, S, Bradfield, JP, Ahluwalia, TS, Curtin, JA, Lakka, TA, Grarup, N, Scholz, M, van der Most, PJ, Monnereau, C, Stergiakouli, E, Heiskala, A, Horikoshi, M, Fedko, IO, Vilor-Tejedor, N, Cousminer, DL, Standl, M, Wang, CA, Viikari, J, Geller, F, Íñiguez, C, Pitkänen, N, Chesi, A, Bacelis, J, Yengo, L, Torrent, M, Ntalla, I, Helgeland, Ø, Selzam, S, Vonk, JM, Zafarmand, MH, Heude, B, Farooqi, IS, Alyass, A, Beaumont, RN, Have, CT, Rzehak, P, Bilbao, JR, Schnurr, TM, Barroso, I, Bønnelykke, K, Beilin, LJ, Carstensen, L, Charles, M-A, Chawes, B, Clément, K, Closa-Monasterolo, R, Custovic, A, Eriksson, JG, Escribano, J, Groen-Blokhuis, M, Grote, V, Gruszfeld, D, Hakonarson, H, Hansen, T, Hattersley, AT, Hollensted, M, Hottenga, J-J, Hyppönen, E, Johansson, S, Joro, R, Kähönen, M, Karhunen, V, Kiess, W, Knight, BA, Koletzko, B, Kühnapfel, A, Landgraf, K, Langhendries, J-P, Lehtimäki, T, Leinonen, JT, Li, A, Lindi, V, Lowry, E, Bustamante, M, Medina-Gomez, C, Melbye, M, Michaelsen, KF, Morgen, CS, Mori, TA, Nielsen, TRH, Niinikoski, H, Oldehinkel, AJ, Pahkala, K, Panoutsopoulou, K, Pedersen, O, Pennell, CE, Power, C, Reijneveld, SA, Rivadeneira, F, Simpson, A, Sly, Peter, Stokholm, J, Teo, KK, Thiering, E, Timpson, NJ, Uitterlinden, AG, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, van Schaik, BDC, Vaudel, M, Verduci, E, Vinding, RK, Vogel, M, Zeggini, E, Sebert, S, Lind, MV, Brown, CD, Santa-Marina, L, Reischl, E, Frithioff-Bøjsøe, C, Meyre, D, Wheeler, E, Ong, K, Nohr, EA, Vrijkotte, TGM, Koppelman, GH, Plomin, R, Njølstad, PR, Dedoussis, GD, Froguel, P, Sørensen, TIA, Jacobsson, B, Freathy, RM, Zemel, BS, Raitakari, O, Vrijheid, M, Feenstra, B, Lyytikäinen, L-P, Snieder, H, Kirsten, H, Holt, PG, Heinrich, J, Widén, E, Sunyer, J, Boomsma, DI, Järvelin, M-R, Körner, A, Davey Smith, G, Holm, J-C, Atalay, M, Murray, C, Bisgaard, H, McCarthy, MI, Early Growth Genetics Consortium, Jaddoe, VWV, Grant, SFA, Felix, JF, Vogelezang, S, Bradfield, JP, Ahluwalia, TS, Curtin, JA, Lakka, TA, Grarup, N, Scholz, M, van der Most, PJ, Monnereau, C, Stergiakouli, E, Heiskala, A, Horikoshi, M, Fedko, IO, Vilor-Tejedor, N, Cousminer, DL, Standl, M, Wang, CA, Viikari, J, Geller, F, Íñiguez, C, Pitkänen, N, Chesi, A, Bacelis, J, Yengo, L, Torrent, M, Ntalla, I, Helgeland, Ø, Selzam, S, Vonk, JM, Zafarmand, MH, Heude, B, Farooqi, IS, Alyass, A, Beaumont, RN, Have, CT, Rzehak, P, Bilbao, JR, Schnurr, TM, Barroso, I, Bønnelykke, K, Beilin, LJ, Carstensen, L, Charles, M-A, Chawes, B, Clément, K, Closa-Monasterolo, R, Custovic, A, Eriksson, JG, Escribano, J, Groen-Blokhuis, M, Grote, V, Gruszfeld, D, Hakonarson, H, Hansen, T, Hattersley, AT, Hollensted, M, Hottenga, J-J, Hyppönen, E, Johansson, S, Joro, R, Kähönen, M, Karhunen, V, Kiess, W, Knight, BA, Koletzko, B, Kühnapfel, A, Landgraf, K, Langhendries, J-P, Lehtimäki, T, Leinonen, JT, Li, A, Lindi, V, Lowry, E, Bustamante, M, Medina-Gomez, C, Melbye, M, Michaelsen, KF, Morgen, CS, Mori, TA, Nielsen, TRH, Niinikoski, H, Oldehinkel, AJ, Pahkala, K, Panoutsopoulou, K, Pedersen, O, Pennell, CE, Power, C, Reijneveld, SA, Rivadeneira, F, Simpson, A, Sly, Peter, Stokholm, J, Teo, KK, Thiering, E, Timpson, NJ, Uitterlinden, AG, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, van Schaik, BDC, Vaudel, M, Verduci, E, Vinding, RK, Vogel, M, Zeggini, E, Sebert, S, Lind, MV, Brown, CD, Santa-Marina, L, Reischl, E, Frithioff-Bøjsøe, C, Meyre, D, Wheeler, E, Ong, K, Nohr, EA, Vrijkotte, TGM, Koppelman, GH, Plomin, R, Njølstad, PR, Dedoussis, GD, Froguel, P, Sørensen, TIA, Jacobsson, B, Freathy, RM, Zemel, BS, Raitakari, O, Vrijheid, M, Feenstra, B, Lyytikäinen, L-P, Snieder, H, Kirsten, H, Holt, PG, Heinrich, J, Widén, E, Sunyer, J, Boomsma, DI, Järvelin, M-R, Körner, A, Davey Smith, G, Holm, J-C, Atalay, M, Murray, C, Bisgaard, H, McCarthy, MI, Early Growth Genetics Consortium, Jaddoe, VWV, Grant, SFA, and Felix, JF
Abstract: The genetic background of childhood body mass index (BMI), and the extent to which the well-known associations of childhood BMI with adult diseases are explained by shared genetic factors, are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of BMI in 61,111 children aged between 2 and 10 years. Twenty-five independent loci reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and replication analyses. Two of these, located near NEDD4L and SLC45A3, have not previously been reported in relation to either childhood or adult BMI. Positive genetic correlations of childhood BMI with birth weight and adult BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes were detected (Rg ranging from 0.11 to 0.76, P-values <0.002). A negative genetic correlation of childhood BMI with age at menarche was observed. Our results suggest that the biological processes underlying childhood BMI largely, but not completely, overlap with those underlying adult BMI. The well-known observational associations of BMI in childhood with cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood may reflect partial genetic overlap, but in light of previous evidence, it is also likely that they are explained through phenotypic continuity of BMI from childhood into adulthood.
Published: 2020

25. Novel loci for childhood body mass index and shared heritability with adult cardiometabolic traits

Author: Vogelezang, S. (Suzanne), Bradfield, J. P. (Jonathan P.), Ahluwalia, T. S. (Tarunveer S.), Curtin, J. A. (John A.), Lakka, T. A. (Timo A.), Grarup, N. (Niels), Scholz, M. (Markus), van der Most, P. J. (Peter J.), Monnereau, C. (Claire), Stergiakouli, E. (Evie), Heiskala, A. (Anni), Horikoshi, M. (Momoko), Fedko, I. O. (Iryna O.), Vilor-Tejedor, N. (Natalia), Cousminer, D. L. (Diana L.), Standl, M. (Marie), Wang, C. A. (Carol A.), Viikari, J. (Jorma), Geller, F. (Frank), iniguez, C. (Carmen), Pitkanen, N. (Niina), Chesi, A. (Alessandra), Bacelis, J. (Jonas), Yengo, L. (Loic), Torrent, M. (Maties), Ntalla, I. (Ioanna), Helgeland, O. (Oyvind), Selzam, S. (Saskia), Vonk, J. M. (Judith M.), Zafarmand, M. H. (Mohammed H.), Heude, B. (Barbara), Farooqi, I. S. (Ismaa Sadaf), Alyass, A. (Akram), Beaumont, R. N. (Robin N.), Have, C. T. (Christian T.), Rzehak, P. (Peter), Bilbao, J. R. (Jose Ramon), Schnurr, T. M. (Theresia M.), Barroso, I. (Ines), Bonnelykke, K. (Klaus), Beilin, L. J. (Lawrence J.), Carstensen, L. (Lisbeth), Charles, M.-A. (Marie-Aline), Chawes, B. (Bo), Clement, K. (Karine), Closa-Monasterolo, R. (Ricardo), Custovic, A. (Adnan), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Escribano, J. (Joaquin), Groen-Blokhuis, M. (Maria), Grote, V. (Veit), Gruszfeld, D. (Dariusz), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Hansen, T. (Torben), Hattersley, A. T. (Andrew T.), Hollensted, M. (Mette), Hottenga, J.-J. (Jouke-Jan), Hypponen, E. (Elina), Johansson, S. (Stefan), Joro, R. (Raimo), Kahonen, M. (Mika), Karhunen, V. (Ville), Kiess, W. (Wieland), Knight, B. A. (Bridget A.), Koletzko, B. (Berthold), Kuehnapfel, A. (Andreas), Landgraf, K. (Kathrin), Langhendries, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Leinonen, J. T. (Jaakko T.), Li, A. (Aihuali), Lindi, V. (Virpi), Lowry, E. (Estelle), Bustamante, M. (Mariona), Medina-Gomez, C. (Carolina), Melbye, M. (Mads), Michaelsen, K. F. (Kim F.), Morgen, C. S. (Camilla S.), Mori, T. A. (Trevor A.), Nielsen, T. R. (Tenna R. H.), Niinikoski, H. (Harri), Oldehinkel, A. J. (Albertine J.), Pahkala, K. (Katja), Panoutsopoulou, K. (Kalliope), Pedersen, O. (Oluf), Pennell, C. E. (Craig E.), Power, C. (Christine), Reijneveld, S. A. (Sijmen A.), Rivadeneira, F. (Fernando), Simpson, A. (Angela), Sly, P. D. (Peter D.), Stokholm, J. (Jakob), Teo, K. K. (Kook K.), Thiering, E. (Elisabeth), Timpson, N. J. (Nicholas J.), Uitterlinden, A. G. (Andre G.), van Beijsterveldt, C. E. (Catharina E. M.), van Schaik, B. D. (Barbera D. C.), Vaudel, M. (Marc), Verduci, E. (Elvira), Vinding, R. K. (Rebecca K.), Vogel, M. (Mandy), Zeggini, E. (Eleftheria), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Lind, M. V. (Mads V.), Brown, C. D. (Christopher D.), Santa-Marina, L. (Loreto), Reischl, E. (Eva), Frithioff-Bojsoe, C. (Christine), Meyre, D. (David), Wheeler, E. (Eleanor), Ong, K. (Ken), Nohr, E. A. (Ellen A.), Vrijkotte, T. G. (Tanja G. M.), Koppelman, G. H. (Gerard H.), Plomin, R. (Robert), Njolstad, P. R. (Pal R.), Dedoussis, G. D. (George D.), Froguel, P. (Philippe), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Jacobsson, B. (Bo), Freathy, R. M. (Rachel M.), Zemel, B. S. (Babette S.), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), Lyytikainen, L.-P. (Leo-Pekka), Snieder, H. (Harold), Kirsten, H. (Holger), Holt, P. G. (Patrick G.), Heinrich, J. (Joachim), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), Boomsma, D. I. (Dorret I.), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Koerner, A. (Antje), Davey Smith, G. (George), Holm, J.-C. (Jens-Christian), Atalay, M. (Mustafa), Murray, C. (Clare), Bisgaard, H. (Hans), McCarthy, M. I. (Mark I.), Jaddoe, V. W. (Vincent W. V.), Grant, S. F. (Struan F. A.), Felix, J. F. (Janine F.), Vogelezang, S. (Suzanne), Bradfield, J. P. (Jonathan P.), Ahluwalia, T. S. (Tarunveer S.), Curtin, J. A. (John A.), Lakka, T. A. (Timo A.), Grarup, N. (Niels), Scholz, M. (Markus), van der Most, P. J. (Peter J.), Monnereau, C. (Claire), Stergiakouli, E. (Evie), Heiskala, A. (Anni), Horikoshi, M. (Momoko), Fedko, I. O. (Iryna O.), Vilor-Tejedor, N. (Natalia), Cousminer, D. L. (Diana L.), Standl, M. (Marie), Wang, C. A. (Carol A.), Viikari, J. (Jorma), Geller, F. (Frank), iniguez, C. (Carmen), Pitkanen, N. (Niina), Chesi, A. (Alessandra), Bacelis, J. (Jonas), Yengo, L. (Loic), Torrent, M. (Maties), Ntalla, I. (Ioanna), Helgeland, O. (Oyvind), Selzam, S. (Saskia), Vonk, J. M. (Judith M.), Zafarmand, M. H. (Mohammed H.), Heude, B. (Barbara), Farooqi, I. S. (Ismaa Sadaf), Alyass, A. (Akram), Beaumont, R. N. (Robin N.), Have, C. T. (Christian T.), Rzehak, P. (Peter), Bilbao, J. R. (Jose Ramon), Schnurr, T. M. (Theresia M.), Barroso, I. (Ines), Bonnelykke, K. (Klaus), Beilin, L. J. (Lawrence J.), Carstensen, L. (Lisbeth), Charles, M.-A. (Marie-Aline), Chawes, B. (Bo), Clement, K. (Karine), Closa-Monasterolo, R. (Ricardo), Custovic, A. (Adnan), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Escribano, J. (Joaquin), Groen-Blokhuis, M. (Maria), Grote, V. (Veit), Gruszfeld, D. (Dariusz), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Hansen, T. (Torben), Hattersley, A. T. (Andrew T.), Hollensted, M. (Mette), Hottenga, J.-J. (Jouke-Jan), Hypponen, E. (Elina), Johansson, S. (Stefan), Joro, R. (Raimo), Kahonen, M. (Mika), Karhunen, V. (Ville), Kiess, W. (Wieland), Knight, B. A. (Bridget A.), Koletzko, B. (Berthold), Kuehnapfel, A. (Andreas), Landgraf, K. (Kathrin), Langhendries, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Leinonen, J. T. (Jaakko T.), Li, A. (Aihuali), Lindi, V. (Virpi), Lowry, E. (Estelle), Bustamante, M. (Mariona), Medina-Gomez, C. (Carolina), Melbye, M. (Mads), Michaelsen, K. F. (Kim F.), Morgen, C. S. (Camilla S.), Mori, T. A. (Trevor A.), Nielsen, T. R. (Tenna R. H.), Niinikoski, H. (Harri), Oldehinkel, A. J. (Albertine J.), Pahkala, K. (Katja), Panoutsopoulou, K. (Kalliope), Pedersen, O. (Oluf), Pennell, C. E. (Craig E.), Power, C. (Christine), Reijneveld, S. A. (Sijmen A.), Rivadeneira, F. (Fernando), Simpson, A. (Angela), Sly, P. D. (Peter D.), Stokholm, J. (Jakob), Teo, K. K. (Kook K.), Thiering, E. (Elisabeth), Timpson, N. J. (Nicholas J.), Uitterlinden, A. G. (Andre G.), van Beijsterveldt, C. E. (Catharina E. M.), van Schaik, B. D. (Barbera D. C.), Vaudel, M. (Marc), Verduci, E. (Elvira), Vinding, R. K. (Rebecca K.), Vogel, M. (Mandy), Zeggini, E. (Eleftheria), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Lind, M. V. (Mads V.), Brown, C. D. (Christopher D.), Santa-Marina, L. (Loreto), Reischl, E. (Eva), Frithioff-Bojsoe, C. (Christine), Meyre, D. (David), Wheeler, E. (Eleanor), Ong, K. (Ken), Nohr, E. A. (Ellen A.), Vrijkotte, T. G. (Tanja G. M.), Koppelman, G. H. (Gerard H.), Plomin, R. (Robert), Njolstad, P. R. (Pal R.), Dedoussis, G. D. (George D.), Froguel, P. (Philippe), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Jacobsson, B. (Bo), Freathy, R. M. (Rachel M.), Zemel, B. S. (Babette S.), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), Lyytikainen, L.-P. (Leo-Pekka), Snieder, H. (Harold), Kirsten, H. (Holger), Holt, P. G. (Patrick G.), Heinrich, J. (Joachim), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), Boomsma, D. I. (Dorret I.), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Koerner, A. (Antje), Davey Smith, G. (George), Holm, J.-C. (Jens-Christian), Atalay, M. (Mustafa), Murray, C. (Clare), Bisgaard, H. (Hans), McCarthy, M. I. (Mark I.), Jaddoe, V. W. (Vincent W. V.), Grant, S. F. (Struan F. A.), and Felix, J. F. (Janine F.)
Abstract: The genetic background of childhood body mass index (BMI), and the extent to which the well-known associations of childhood BMI with adult diseases are explained by shared genetic factors, are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of BMI in 61,111 children aged between 2 and 10 years. Twenty-five independent loci reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and replication analyses. Two of these, located near NEDD4L and SLC45A3, have not previously been reported in relation to either childhood or adult BMI. Positive genetic correlations of childhood BMI with birth weight and adult BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes were detected (Rg ranging from 0.11 to 0.76, P-values <0.002). A negative genetic correlation of childhood BMI with age at menarche was observed. Our results suggest that the biological processes underlying childhood BMI largely, but not completely, overlap with those underlying adult BMI. The well-known observational associations of BMI in childhood with cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood may reflect partial genetic overlap, but in light of previous evidence, it is also likely that they are explained through phenotypic continuity of BMI from childhood into adulthood.
Published: 2020

26. Are low fluoride levels in drinking water really detrimental for neuropsychological neurodevelopment in childhood?

Author: Ibarluzea, J., primary, Gallastegi, M., additional, Lopez Espinosa, M., additional, Villanueva, C.M., additional, Riano, I., additional, Ballester, F., additional, Santa Marina, L., additional, Jiménez Zabala, A., additional, Molinuevo, A., additional, Sunyer, J., additional, and Tardon, A., additional
Published: 2020
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27. Explaining social acceptance of a municipal waste incineration plant through sociodemographic and psychoenvironmental variables

Author: Subiza-Perez, M., primary, Santa-Marina, L., additional, Irizar, A., additional, Gallastegi, M., additional, Anabitarte, A., additional, Urbieta, N., additional, Babarro, I., additional, Molinuevo, A., additional, Vozmediano, L., additional, and Ibarluzea, J., additional
Published: 2020
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28. METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESS THE AIR AND HEALTH QUALITY PREVIOUS TO THE START-UP OF THE ENERGY VALORISATION PLANT

Author: Lertxundi, A., primary, Santa Marina, L., additional, Irizar, A., additional, Alvarez, J., additional, Anabitarte, A., additional, and Ibarluzea, J., additional
Published: 2020
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29. Iodine intake in a population of pregnant women: INMA mother and child cohort study, Spain

Author: Murcia, M, Rebagliato, M, Espada, M, Vioque, J, Santa Marina, L, Alvarez-Pedrerol, M, Lopez-Espinosa, M-J, León, G, Íñiguez, C, Basterrechea, M, Guxens, M, Lertxundi, A, Perales, A, Ballester, F, and Sunyer, J
Published: 2010
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30. Poor mothers, unhealthy children: the transmission of health inequalities in the INMA study, Spain

Author: Larrañaga I, Santa-Marina L, Molinuevo A, Álvarez-Pedrerol M, Fernández-Somoano A, Jimenez-Zabala A, Rebagliato M, Rodríguez-Bernal CL, Tardón A, Vrijheid M, and Ibarluzea J
Subjects: reproductive and urinary physiology
Abstract: Background: The health of pregnant women and their fetuses are especially sensitive to socioeconomic conditions. This study analyzes the impact of maternal socioeconomic status (SES), evaluated by occupation and maternal education level, in preterm births (PTBs) and in small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses, considering the effect of the potential mediating factors on the SES and birth outcomes. Methods: A total of 2497 mother/newborn dyads from the INMA-Spain project were studied. We examined maternal occupation and education in relation to PTB and SGA along with covariate data, using logistic regression analysis. Adjusted models for each of the outcome variables in relation to SES indicators were estimated, considering potential mediating factors. Results: About 4.7% of babies were PTB and 9.7% SGA. Full adjusted logistic regression models showed similar odds ratio (OR) for SGA in both SES indicators. Manual working women or without university studies had higher risk of SGA than their counterpart groups (OR = 1.39% CI = 1.03-1.88 and OR = 1.39% CI = 1.00-2.00, respectively). Likewise, mothers with a manual occupation were at more risk of PTB than those with a non-manual occupation (OR = 1.74 95% CI = 1.13-2.74), but there was no association between education and PTB. Smoking, pre-pregnancy BMI and underweight gain during pregnancy were significantly associated to SGA births. The mother's age, presence of complications and overweight gain during pregnancy were related to PTB. Conclusion: The mother's socioeconomic disadvantage was consistently associated with birth outcomes giving rise to intergenerational transmission of health inequalities. Reducing inequalities requires eliminating the upstream causes of poverty itself.
Published: 2019

31. The Association of Mediterranean Diet during Pregnancy with Longitudinal Body Mass Index Trajectories and Cardiometabolic Risk in Early Childhood

Author: Fernández-Barrés S, Vrijheid M, Manzano-Salgado CB, Valvi D, Martínez D, Iñiguez C, Jimenez-Zabala A, Riaño-Galán I, NAVARRETE E, Santa-Marina L, Tardón A, VIOQUE J, Arija V, Sunyer J, Romaguera D, and Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project
Subjects: Mediterranean diet, cardiometabolic risk, childhood, cohort, growth
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the associations between maternal adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and their offspring's longitudinal body mass index (BMI) trajectories and cardiometabolic risk in early childhood. Study design We included mother-child pairs from the Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) longitudinal cohort study in Spain. We measured dietary intake during pregnancy using a validated food frequency questionnaire and calculated the relative Mediterranean diet score (rMED). We estimated offspring's BMI z score trajectories from birth to age 4 years using latent class growth analyses (n = 2195 mother-child pairs). We measured blood pressure. waist circumference. and cardiometabolic biomarkers to construct a cardiometabolic risk score at 4 years (n = 697 mother-child pairs). We used multivariable adjusted linear and multinomial regression models. Results A higher maternal rMED in pregnancy was associated with a lower risk in offspring of larger birth size. followed by accelerated BMI gain (reference trajectory group: children with average birth size and subsequent slower BMI gain) (relative risk of high vs low rMED score, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47-0.99). rMED score during pregnancy was not associated with the cardiometabolic risk score, its components. or related biomarkers. Conclusions Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet in pregnancy was associated with lower risk of having offspring with an accelerated growth pattern. This dietary pattern was not associated with the offspring's cardiometabolic risk at 4 years.
Published: 2019

32. The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia: design, results and future prospects

Author: Middeldorp, CM, Mahajan, A, Horikoshi, M, Robertson, NR, Beaumont, RN, Bradfield, JP, Bustamante, M, Cousminer, DL, Day, FR, De Silva, NM, Guxens, M, Mook-Kanamori, DO, St Pourcain, B, Warrington, NM, Adair, LS, Ahlqvist, E, Ahluwalia, TS, Almgren, P, Ang, W, Atalay, M, Auvinen, J, Bartels, M, Beckmann, JS, Bilbao, JR, Bond, T, Borja, JB, Cavadino, A, Charoen, P, Chen, Z, Coin, L, Cooper, C, Curtin, JA, Custovic, A, Das, S, Davies, GE, Dedoussis, GV, Duijts, L, Eastwood, PR, Eliasen, AU, Elliott, P, Eriksson, JG, Estivill, X, Fadista, J, Fedko, IO, Frayling, TM, Gaillard, R, Gauderman, WJ, Geller, F, Gilliland, F, Gilsanz, V, Granell, R, Grarup, N, Groop, L, Hadley, D, Hakonarson, H, Hansen, T, Hartman, CA, Hattersley, AT, Hayes, MG, Hebebrand, J, Heinrich, J, Helgeland, O, Henders, AK, Henderson, J, Henriksen, TB, Hirschhorn, JN, Hivert, M-F, Hocher, B, Holloway, JW, Holt, P, Hottenga, J-J, Hypponen, E, Iniguez, C, Johansson, S, Jugessur, A, Kahonen, M, Kalkwarf, HJ, Kaprio, J, Karhunen, V, Kemp, JP, Kerkhof, M, Koppelman, GH, Korner, A, Kotecha, S, Kreiner-Moller, E, Kulohoma, B, Kumar, A, Kutalik, Z, Lahti, J, Lappe, JM, Larsson, H, Lehtimaki, T, Lewin, AM, Li, J, Lichtenstein, P, Lindgren, CM, Lindi, V, Linneberg, A, Liu, X, Liu, J, Lowe, WL, Lundstrom, S, Lyytikainen, L-P, Ma, RCW, Mace, A, Magi, R, Magnus, P, Mamun, AA, Mannikko, M, Martin, NG, Mbarek, H, McCarthy, NS, Medland, SE, Melbye, M, Melen, E, Mohlke, KL, Monnereau, C, Morgen, CS, Morris, AP, Murray, JC, Myhre, R, Najman, JM, Nivard, MG, Nohr, EA, Nolte, IM, Ntalla, I, O'Reilly, P, Oberfield, SE, Oken, E, Oldehinkel, AJ, Pahkala, K, Palviainen, T, Panoutsopoulou, K, Pedersen, O, Pennell, CE, Pershagen, G, Pitkanen, N, Plomin, R, Power, C, Prasad, RB, Prokopenko, I, Pulkkinen, L, Raikkonen, K, Raitakari, OT, Reynolds, RM, Richmond, RC, Rivadeneira, F, Rodriguez, A, Rose, RJ, Salem, R, Santa-Marina, L, Saw, S-M, Schnurr, TM, Scott, JG, Selzam, S, Shepherd, JA, Simpson, A, Skotte, L, Sleiman, PMA, Snieder, H, Sorensen, TIA, Standl, M, Steegers, EAP, Strachan, DP, Straker, L, Strandberg, T, Taylor, M, Teo, Y-Y, Thiering, E, Torrent, M, Tyrrell, J, Uitterlinden, AG, van Beijsterveldt, T, van der Most, PJ, van Duijn, CM, Viikari, J, Vilor-Tejedor, N, Vogelezang, S, Vonk, JM, Vrijkotte, TGM, Vuoksimaa, E, Wang, CA, Watkins, WJ, Wichmann, H-E, Willemsen, G, Williams, GM, Wilson, JF, Wray, NR, Xu, S, Xu, C-J, Yaghootkar, H, Yi, L, Zafarmand, MH, Zeggini, E, Zemel, BS, Hinney, A, Lakka, TA, Whitehouse, AJO, Sunyer, J, Widen, EE, Feenstra, B, Sebert, S, Jacobsson, B, Njolstad, PR, Stoltenberg, C, Smith, GD, Lawlor, DA, Paternoster, L, Timpson, NJ, Ong, KK, Bisgaard, H, Bonnelykke, K, Jaddoe, VWV, Tiemeier, H, Jarvelin, M-R, Evans, DM, Perry, JRB, Grant, SFA, Boomsma, DI, Freathy, RM, McCarthy, MI, Felix, JF, Middeldorp, CM, Mahajan, A, Horikoshi, M, Robertson, NR, Beaumont, RN, Bradfield, JP, Bustamante, M, Cousminer, DL, Day, FR, De Silva, NM, Guxens, M, Mook-Kanamori, DO, St Pourcain, B, Warrington, NM, Adair, LS, Ahlqvist, E, Ahluwalia, TS, Almgren, P, Ang, W, Atalay, M, Auvinen, J, Bartels, M, Beckmann, JS, Bilbao, JR, Bond, T, Borja, JB, Cavadino, A, Charoen, P, Chen, Z, Coin, L, Cooper, C, Curtin, JA, Custovic, A, Das, S, Davies, GE, Dedoussis, GV, Duijts, L, Eastwood, PR, Eliasen, AU, Elliott, P, Eriksson, JG, Estivill, X, Fadista, J, Fedko, IO, Frayling, TM, Gaillard, R, Gauderman, WJ, Geller, F, Gilliland, F, Gilsanz, V, Granell, R, Grarup, N, Groop, L, Hadley, D, Hakonarson, H, Hansen, T, Hartman, CA, Hattersley, AT, Hayes, MG, Hebebrand, J, Heinrich, J, Helgeland, O, Henders, AK, Henderson, J, Henriksen, TB, Hirschhorn, JN, Hivert, M-F, Hocher, B, Holloway, JW, Holt, P, Hottenga, J-J, Hypponen, E, Iniguez, C, Johansson, S, Jugessur, A, Kahonen, M, Kalkwarf, HJ, Kaprio, J, Karhunen, V, Kemp, JP, Kerkhof, M, Koppelman, GH, Korner, A, Kotecha, S, Kreiner-Moller, E, Kulohoma, B, Kumar, A, Kutalik, Z, Lahti, J, Lappe, JM, Larsson, H, Lehtimaki, T, Lewin, AM, Li, J, Lichtenstein, P, Lindgren, CM, Lindi, V, Linneberg, A, Liu, X, Liu, J, Lowe, WL, Lundstrom, S, Lyytikainen, L-P, Ma, RCW, Mace, A, Magi, R, Magnus, P, Mamun, AA, Mannikko, M, Martin, NG, Mbarek, H, McCarthy, NS, Medland, SE, Melbye, M, Melen, E, Mohlke, KL, Monnereau, C, Morgen, CS, Morris, AP, Murray, JC, Myhre, R, Najman, JM, Nivard, MG, Nohr, EA, Nolte, IM, Ntalla, I, O'Reilly, P, Oberfield, SE, Oken, E, Oldehinkel, AJ, Pahkala, K, Palviainen, T, Panoutsopoulou, K, Pedersen, O, Pennell, CE, Pershagen, G, Pitkanen, N, Plomin, R, Power, C, Prasad, RB, Prokopenko, I, Pulkkinen, L, Raikkonen, K, Raitakari, OT, Reynolds, RM, Richmond, RC, Rivadeneira, F, Rodriguez, A, Rose, RJ, Salem, R, Santa-Marina, L, Saw, S-M, Schnurr, TM, Scott, JG, Selzam, S, Shepherd, JA, Simpson, A, Skotte, L, Sleiman, PMA, Snieder, H, Sorensen, TIA, Standl, M, Steegers, EAP, Strachan, DP, Straker, L, Strandberg, T, Taylor, M, Teo, Y-Y, Thiering, E, Torrent, M, Tyrrell, J, Uitterlinden, AG, van Beijsterveldt, T, van der Most, PJ, van Duijn, CM, Viikari, J, Vilor-Tejedor, N, Vogelezang, S, Vonk, JM, Vrijkotte, TGM, Vuoksimaa, E, Wang, CA, Watkins, WJ, Wichmann, H-E, Willemsen, G, Williams, GM, Wilson, JF, Wray, NR, Xu, S, Xu, C-J, Yaghootkar, H, Yi, L, Zafarmand, MH, Zeggini, E, Zemel, BS, Hinney, A, Lakka, TA, Whitehouse, AJO, Sunyer, J, Widen, EE, Feenstra, B, Sebert, S, Jacobsson, B, Njolstad, PR, Stoltenberg, C, Smith, GD, Lawlor, DA, Paternoster, L, Timpson, NJ, Ong, KK, Bisgaard, H, Bonnelykke, K, Jaddoe, VWV, Tiemeier, H, Jarvelin, M-R, Evans, DM, Perry, JRB, Grant, SFA, Boomsma, DI, Freathy, RM, McCarthy, MI, and Felix, JF
Abstract: The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease. Insight into the genetic etiology of childhood and adolescent traits and disorders may therefore provide new perspectives, not only on how to improve wellbeing during childhood, but also how to prevent later adverse outcomes. To achieve the sample sizes required for genetic research, the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia were established. The majority of the participating cohorts are longitudinal population-based samples, but other cohorts with data on early childhood phenotypes are also involved. Cohorts often have a broad focus and collect(ed) data on various somatic and psychiatric traits as well as environmental factors. Genetic variants have been successfully identified for multiple traits, for example, birth weight, atopic dermatitis, childhood BMI, allergic sensitization, and pubertal growth. Furthermore, the results have shown that genetic factors also partly underlie the association with adult traits. As sample sizes are still increasing, it is expected that future analyses will identify additional variants. This, in combination with the development of innovative statistical methods, will provide detailed insight on the mechanisms underlying the transition from childhood to adult disorders. Both consortia welcome new collaborations. Policies and contact details are available from the corresponding authors of this manuscript and/or the consortium websites.
Published: 2019

33. The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia: design, results and future prospects

Author: Middeldorp, C.M., Felix, J.F., Mahajan, A., Ahluwalia, T.S., Auvinen, J., Bartels, M., Bilbao, J.R., Bisgaard, H., Bønnelykke, K., Boomsma, D.I., Bradfield, J.P., Bustamante, M., Chen, Z., Curtin, J.A., Custovic, A., Smith, G.D., Davies, G.E., Duijts, L., Eastwood, Peter, Eliasen, A.U., Estivill, X., Evans, D.M., Fedko, I.O., Gauderman, W.J., Gilliland, F., Granell, R., Grant, S.F.A., Guxens, M., Hakonarson, H., Hartman, C.A., Heinrich, J., Henders, A.K., Henderson, J., Holt, P., Hottenga, J.J., Hyppönen, E., Iñíguez, C., Jacobsson, B., Jaddoe, V.W.V., Järvelin, M.R., Jugessur, A., Kähönen, M., Kaprio, J., Karhunen, V., Kemp, J.P., Koppelman, G.H., Kumar, A., Lahti, J., Larsson, H., Lawlor, D.A., Lehtimäki, T., Li, J., Lichtenstein, P., Lundström, S., Lyytikäinen, L.P., Magnus, P., Mamun, A.A., Mannikko, M., Martin, N.G., Mbarek, H., Medland, S.E., Melén, E., Najman, J.M., Nivard, M.G., Nolte, I.M., Oldehinkel, A.J., Pahkala, K., Palviainen, T., Paternoster, L., Pennell, C.E., Pershagen, G., Pitkänen, N., Plomin, R., Pourcain, B.S., Power, C., Pulkkinen, L., Räikkönen, K., Raitakari, O.T., Richmond, R.C., Rivadeneira, F., Rose, R.J., Santa-Marina, L., Scott, J.G., Sebert, S., Selzam, S., Simpson, A., Sleiman, P.M.A., Snieder, H., Standl, M., Stoltenberg, C., Strachan, D.P., Straker, Leon, Strandberg, T., Sunyer, J., Thiering, E., Tiemeier, H., Timpson, N.J., Torrent, M., Uitterlinden, A.G., Middeldorp, C.M., Felix, J.F., Mahajan, A., Ahluwalia, T.S., Auvinen, J., Bartels, M., Bilbao, J.R., Bisgaard, H., Bønnelykke, K., Boomsma, D.I., Bradfield, J.P., Bustamante, M., Chen, Z., Curtin, J.A., Custovic, A., Smith, G.D., Davies, G.E., Duijts, L., Eastwood, Peter, Eliasen, A.U., Estivill, X., Evans, D.M., Fedko, I.O., Gauderman, W.J., Gilliland, F., Granell, R., Grant, S.F.A., Guxens, M., Hakonarson, H., Hartman, C.A., Heinrich, J., Henders, A.K., Henderson, J., Holt, P., Hottenga, J.J., Hyppönen, E., Iñíguez, C., Jacobsson, B., Jaddoe, V.W.V., Järvelin, M.R., Jugessur, A., Kähönen, M., Kaprio, J., Karhunen, V., Kemp, J.P., Koppelman, G.H., Kumar, A., Lahti, J., Larsson, H., Lawlor, D.A., Lehtimäki, T., Li, J., Lichtenstein, P., Lundström, S., Lyytikäinen, L.P., Magnus, P., Mamun, A.A., Mannikko, M., Martin, N.G., Mbarek, H., Medland, S.E., Melén, E., Najman, J.M., Nivard, M.G., Nolte, I.M., Oldehinkel, A.J., Pahkala, K., Palviainen, T., Paternoster, L., Pennell, C.E., Pershagen, G., Pitkänen, N., Plomin, R., Pourcain, B.S., Power, C., Pulkkinen, L., Räikkönen, K., Raitakari, O.T., Richmond, R.C., Rivadeneira, F., Rose, R.J., Santa-Marina, L., Scott, J.G., Sebert, S., Selzam, S., Simpson, A., Sleiman, P.M.A., Snieder, H., Standl, M., Stoltenberg, C., Strachan, D.P., Straker, Leon, Strandberg, T., Sunyer, J., Thiering, E., Tiemeier, H., Timpson, N.J., Torrent, M., and Uitterlinden, A.G.
Abstract: The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease. Insight into the genetic etiology of childhood and adolescent traits and disorders may therefore provide new perspectives, not only on how to improve wellbeing during childhood, but also how to prevent later adverse outcomes. To achieve the sample sizes required for genetic research, the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia were established. The majority of the participating cohorts are longitudinal population-based samples, but other cohorts with data on early childhood phenotypes are also involved. Cohorts often have a broad focus and collect(ed) data on various somatic and psychiatric traits as well as environmental factors. Genetic variants have been successfully identified for multiple traits, for example, birth weight, atopic dermatitis, childhood BMI, allergic sensitization, and pubertal growth. Furthermore, the results have shown that genetic factors also partly underlie the association with adult traits. As sample sizes are still increasing, it is expected that future analyses will identify additional variants. This, in combination with the development of innovative statistical methods, will provide detailed insight on the mechanisms underlying the transition from childhood to adult disorders. Both consortia welcome new collaborations. Policies and contact details are available from the corresponding authors of this manuscript and/or the consortium websites.
Published: 2019

34. Gestational weight gain charts for different body mass index groups for women in Europe, North America, and Oceania

Author: Santos, S. Eekhout, I. Voerman, E. Gaillard, R. Barros, H. Charles, M.-A. Chatzi, L. Chevrier, C. Chrousos, G.P. Corpeleijn, E. Costet, N. Crozier, S. Doyon, M. Eggesbø, M. Fantini, M.P. Farchi, S. Forastiere, F. Gagliardi, L. Georgiu, V. Godfrey, K.M. Gori, D. Grote, V. Hanke, W. Hertz-Picciotto, I. Heude, B. Hivert, M.-F. Hryhorczuk, D. Huang, R.-C. Inskip, H. Jusko, T.A. Karvonen, A.M. Koletzko, B. Küpers, L.K. Lagström, H. Lawlor, D.A. Lehmann, I. Lopez-Espinosa, M.-J. Magnus, P. Majewska, R. Mäkelä, J. Manios, Y. McDonald, S.W. Mommers, M. Morgen, C.S. Moschonis, G. Murínová, L. Newnham, J. Nohr, E.A. Andersen, A.-M.N. Oken, E. Oostvogels, A.J.J.M. Pac, A. Papadopoulou, E. Pekkanen, J. Pizzi, C. Polanska, K. Porta, D. Richiardi, L. Rifas-Shiman, S.L. Roeleveld, N. Santa-Marina, L. Santos, A.C. Smit, H.A. Sørensen, T.I.A. Standl, M. Stanislawski, M. Stoltenberg, C. Thiering, E. Thijs, C. Torrent, M. Tough, S.C. Trnovec, T. Van Gelder, M.M.H.J. Van Rossem, L. Von Berg, A. Vrijheid, M. Vrijkotte, T.G.M. Zvinchuk, O. Van Buuren, S. Jaddoe, V.W.V.
Abstract: Background: Gestational weight gain differs according to pre-pregnancy body mass index and is related to the risks of adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Gestational weight gain charts for women in different pre-pregnancy body mass index groups enable identification of women and offspring at risk for adverse health outcomes. We aimed to construct gestational weight gain reference charts for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grades 1, 2 and 3 obese women and to compare these charts with those obtained in women with uncomplicated term pregnancies. Methods: We used individual participant data from 218,216 pregnant women participating in 33 cohorts from Europe, North America, and Oceania. Of these women, 9065 (4.2%), 148,697 (68.1%), 42,678 (19.6%), 13,084 (6.0%), 3597 (1.6%), and 1095 (0.5%) were underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grades 1, 2, and 3 obese women, respectively. A total of 138, 517 women from 26 cohorts had pregnancies with no hypertensive or diabetic disorders and with term deliveries of appropriate for gestational age at birth infants. Gestational weight gain charts for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grade 1, 2, and 3 obese women were derived by the Box-Cox t method using the generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape. Results: We observed that gestational weight gain strongly differed per maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index group. The median (interquartile range) gestational weight gain at 40 weeks was 14.2 kg (11.4-17.4) for underweight women, 14.5 kg (11.5-17.7) for normal weight women, 13.9 kg (10.1-17.9) for overweight women, and 11.2 kg (7.0-15.7), 8.7 kg (4.3-13.4) and 6.3 kg (1.9-11.1) for grades 1, 2, and 3 obese women, respectively. The rate of weight gain was lower in the first half than in the second half of pregnancy. No differences in the patterns of weight gain were observed between cohorts or countries. Similar weight gain patterns were observed in mothers without pregnancy complications. Conclusions: Gestational weight gain patterns are strongly related to pre-pregnancy body mass index. The derived charts can be used to assess gestational weight gain in etiological research and as a monitoring tool for weight gain during pregnancy in clinical practice. © 2018 The Author(s).
Published: 2018

35. Efecto del empleo y de la carga doméstica en el desarrollo fetal y en la duración de la gestación en una cohorte de mujeres embarazadas

Author: Arizo-Luque V, García AM, Estarlich M, Ballester F, Fernández-Tardón G, Tardón A, Guxens M, Vrijheid M, Lertxundi A, Santa-Marina L, and Ronda-Pérez E
Subjects: Cohort studies, Domestic work, Employment, Housekeeping, Infant low birth weight, Infant small for gestational age, Pregnancy outcome, Premature birth, Reproductive complications, Spain, Women’s health services
Abstract: Published studies are not conclusive on the impact of certain occupational exposures in pregnancy, stressing the need to consider the double role, professional and family, of women. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of employment and domestic load on the duration of pregnancy and fetal development.
Published: 2018

36. Prenatal selenium exposure and postnatal anthropometric effects in Spanish INMA cohorts

Author: Mikel Basterrechea, Mario Murcia, Carmen Iñiguez, Santa Marina L, Raquel Soler-Blasco, Manuel Lozano, Amaia Irizar, Aitana Lertxundi, F Ballester, and Sabrina Llop
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, chemistry, Epidemiology, business.industry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Environmental health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, chemistry.chemical_element, Medicine, Anthropometry, business, Pollution, Selenium
Published: 2019

37. Manganese levels in newborns’ hair by maternal sociodemographic, dietary and environmental factors

Author: Irizar, A., primary, Gil, F., additional, Lertxundi, A., additional, Martín-Domingo, M.C., additional, Urbieta, N., additional, Molinuevo, A., additional, Ibarluzea, J., additional, Basterrechea, M., additional, Aurrekoetxea, J.J., additional, Jiménez-Zabala, A., additional, and Santa-Marina, L., additional
Published: 2019
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38. Genome-wide association study of offspring birth weight in 86 577 women identifies five novel loci and highlights maternal genetic effects that are independent of fetal genetics

Author: Beaumont, R.N. (Robin N.), Warrington, N.M. (Nicole), Cavadino, A. (Alana), Tyrrell, A.W.R., Nodzenski, M. (Michael), Horikoshi, M. (Momoko), Geller, F. (Frank), Myhre, R. (Ronny), Richmond, R.C. (Rebecca C.), Paternoster, L. (Lavinia), Bradfield, J.P. (Jonathan), Kreiner-Møller, E. (Eskil), Huikari, V. (Ville), Metrustry, S. (Sarah), Lunetta, K.L. (Kathryn), Painter, J.N. (Jodie N.), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Allard, C. (Catherine), Barton, S.J. (Sheila), Espinosa, A. (Ana), Marsh, J.A. (Julie), Potter, C. (Catherine), Zhang, G. (Ge), Ang, W.Q. (Wei), Berry, D. (Diane), Bouchard, L. (Luigi), Das, S. (Shikta), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Heikkinen, J. (Jani), Helgeland, Ø. (Øyvind), Hocher, B. (Berthold), Hofman, A. (Albert), Inskip, H.M. (Hazel), Jones, S.E. (Samuel E.), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Lind, P.A. (Penelope), Marullo, L. (Letizia), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Murray, A. (Anna), Murray, J.C. (Jeffrey C.), Njølstad, P.R. (Pa l R.), Nohr, C. (Christian), Reichetzeder, C. (Christoph), Ring, S.M. (Susan), Ruth, K.S. (Katherine S.), Santa-Marina, L. (Loreto), Scholtens, D.M. (Denise M.), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Sengpiel, V. (Verena), Tuke, M.A. (Marcus A.), Vaudel, M. (Marc), Weedon, M.N. (Michael), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Wood, A.R. (Andrew R.), Yaghootkar, H. (Hanieh), Muglia, L.J. (Louis J.), Bartels, M. (Meike), Relton, C.L. (Caroline), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Chatzi, L. (Leda), Estivill, X. (Xavier), Holloway, J.W. (John W.), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Murabito, J. (Joanne), Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Power, C. (Christine), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Ritta), Bisgaard, H. (Hans), Grant, S.F.A. (Struan F.A.), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild I.A.), Jaddoe, V.W. (Vincent W.), Jacobsson, B. (Bo), Melbye, M. (Mads), McCarthy, M.I. (Mark I.), Hattersley, A.T. (Andrew), Hayes, M.G. (M. Geoffrey), Frayling, T.M. (Timothy), Hivert, M.-F. (Marie-France), Felix, J.F. (Janine), Hyppönen, E. (Elina), Lowe, W.L. (William L.), Evans, D.M. (David M.), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie A.), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), Freathy, R.M. (Rachel), Beaumont, R.N. (Robin N.), Warrington, N.M. (Nicole), Cavadino, A. (Alana), Tyrrell, A.W.R., Nodzenski, M. (Michael), Horikoshi, M. (Momoko), Geller, F. (Frank), Myhre, R. (Ronny), Richmond, R.C. (Rebecca C.), Paternoster, L. (Lavinia), Bradfield, J.P. (Jonathan), Kreiner-Møller, E. (Eskil), Huikari, V. (Ville), Metrustry, S. (Sarah), Lunetta, K.L. (Kathryn), Painter, J.N. (Jodie N.), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Allard, C. (Catherine), Barton, S.J. (Sheila), Espinosa, A. (Ana), Marsh, J.A. (Julie), Potter, C. (Catherine), Zhang, G. (Ge), Ang, W.Q. (Wei), Berry, D. (Diane), Bouchard, L. (Luigi), Das, S. (Shikta), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Heikkinen, J. (Jani), Helgeland, Ø. (Øyvind), Hocher, B. (Berthold), Hofman, A. (Albert), Inskip, H.M. (Hazel), Jones, S.E. (Samuel E.), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Lind, P.A. (Penelope), Marullo, L. (Letizia), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Murray, A. (Anna), Murray, J.C. (Jeffrey C.), Njølstad, P.R. (Pa l R.), Nohr, C. (Christian), Reichetzeder, C. (Christoph), Ring, S.M. (Susan), Ruth, K.S. (Katherine S.), Santa-Marina, L. (Loreto), Scholtens, D.M. (Denise M.), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Sengpiel, V. (Verena), Tuke, M.A. (Marcus A.), Vaudel, M. (Marc), Weedon, M.N. (Michael), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Wood, A.R. (Andrew R.), Yaghootkar, H. (Hanieh), Muglia, L.J. (Louis J.), Bartels, M. (Meike), Relton, C.L. (Caroline), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Chatzi, L. (Leda), Estivill, X. (Xavier), Holloway, J.W. (John W.), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Murabito, J. (Joanne), Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Power, C. (Christine), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Ritta), Bisgaard, H. (Hans), Grant, S.F.A. (Struan F.A.), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild I.A.), Jaddoe, V.W. (Vincent W.), Jacobsson, B. (Bo), Melbye, M. (Mads), McCarthy, M.I. (Mark I.), Hattersley, A.T. (Andrew), Hayes, M.G. (M. Geoffrey), Frayling, T.M. (Timothy), Hivert, M.-F. (Marie-France), Felix, J.F. (Janine), Hyppönen, E. (Elina), Lowe, W.L. (William L.), Evans, D.M. (David M.), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie A.), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), and Freathy, R.M. (Rachel)
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies of birth weight have focused on fetal genetics, whereas relatively little is known about the role of maternal genetic variation. We aimed to identify maternal genetic variants associated with birth weight that could highlight potentially relevant maternal determinants of fetal growth. We meta-analysed data on up to 8.7 million SNPs in up to 86 577 women of Eu
Published: 2018
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39. Gestational weight gain charts for different body mass index groups for women in Europe, North America, and Oceania

Author: Santos, S. (Susana), Eekhout, I. (Iris), Voerman, E. (Ellis), Gaillard, R. (Romy), Barros, A.I. (Ana), Charles, M.A., Chatzi, L. (Leda), Chevrier, C. (Cécile), Chrousos, G.P. (George P.), Corpeleijn, W.E. (Willemijn), Costet, N. (Nathalie), Crozier, S. (Sarah), Doyon, M. (Myriam), Eggesbø, M. (Merete), Fantini, M.P. (Maria), Farchi, S. (Sara), Forastiere, F. (Francesco), Gagliardi, L. (Luigi), Georgiu, V. (Vagelis), Godfrey, K.M. (Keith M.), Gori, D. (Davide), Grote, V. (Veit), Hanke, W. (Wojciech), Hertz-Picciotto, I. (Irva), Heude, B. (Barbara), Hivert, M.-F. (Marie-France), Hryhorczuk, D.O. (Daniel), Huang, R.-C. (Rae-Chi), Inskip, H.M. (Hazel), Jusko, T.A. (Todd A), Karvonen, A.M. (Anne M.), Koletzko, B. (Berthold), Küpers, A.M. (Marlijn), Lagström, H. (Hanna), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie A.), Lehmann, I. (Irina), Lopez-Espinosa, M.-J. (Maria-Jose), Magnus, P. (Per), Majewska, R. (Renata), Mäkelä, J. (Johanna), Manios, Y., McDonald, S.W. (Sheila W.), Mommers, M. (Monique), Morgen, C.S. (Camilla S.), Moschonis, G., Murinova, L.P. (Lubica Palkovicova), Newnham, J.P. (John), Nohr, C. (Christian), Andersen, A-M.N. (Anne-Marie Nybo), Oken, E. (Emily), Oostvogels, A.J.J.M. (Adriëtte J. J. M.), Pac, A. (Agnieszka), Papadopoulou, E. (Eleni), Pekkanen, J. (Juha), Pizzi, C. (Costanza), Polanska, K. (Kinga), Porta, D. (Daniela), Richiardi, L. (Lorenzo), Rifas-Shiman, S.L. (Sheryl), Roeleveld, N. (Nel), Santa-Marina, L. (Loreto), Santos, A.C. (Ana Cristina), Smit, H.A. (Henriëtte), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Standl, M. (Marie), Stanislawski, M. (Maggie), Stoltenberg, C. (Camilla), Thiering, E. (Elisabeth), Thijs, C. (Carel), Torrent, M. (Maties), Tough, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Trnovec, T. (Tomáš), Van Gelder, M.M.H.J. (Marleen M. H. J.), Rossem, L. (Lenie) van, Berg, A. (Andrea) von, Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Vrijkotte, T.G.M. (Tanja), Zvinchuk, O. (Oleksandr), Buuren, S. (Stef) van, Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Santos, S. (Susana), Eekhout, I. (Iris), Voerman, E. (Ellis), Gaillard, R. (Romy), Barros, A.I. (Ana), Charles, M.A., Chatzi, L. (Leda), Chevrier, C. (Cécile), Chrousos, G.P. (George P.), Corpeleijn, W.E. (Willemijn), Costet, N. (Nathalie), Crozier, S. (Sarah), Doyon, M. (Myriam), Eggesbø, M. (Merete), Fantini, M.P. (Maria), Farchi, S. (Sara), Forastiere, F. (Francesco), Gagliardi, L. (Luigi), Georgiu, V. (Vagelis), Godfrey, K.M. (Keith M.), Gori, D. (Davide), Grote, V. (Veit), Hanke, W. (Wojciech), Hertz-Picciotto, I. (Irva), Heude, B. (Barbara), Hivert, M.-F. (Marie-France), Hryhorczuk, D.O. (Daniel), Huang, R.-C. (Rae-Chi), Inskip, H.M. (Hazel), Jusko, T.A. (Todd A), Karvonen, A.M. (Anne M.), Koletzko, B. (Berthold), Küpers, A.M. (Marlijn), Lagström, H. (Hanna), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie A.), Lehmann, I. (Irina), Lopez-Espinosa, M.-J. (Maria-Jose), Magnus, P. (Per), Majewska, R. (Renata), Mäkelä, J. (Johanna), Manios, Y., McDonald, S.W. (Sheila W.), Mommers, M. (Monique), Morgen, C.S. (Camilla S.), Moschonis, G., Murinova, L.P. (Lubica Palkovicova), Newnham, J.P. (John), Nohr, C. (Christian), Andersen, A-M.N. (Anne-Marie Nybo), Oken, E. (Emily), Oostvogels, A.J.J.M. (Adriëtte J. J. M.), Pac, A. (Agnieszka), Papadopoulou, E. (Eleni), Pekkanen, J. (Juha), Pizzi, C. (Costanza), Polanska, K. (Kinga), Porta, D. (Daniela), Richiardi, L. (Lorenzo), Rifas-Shiman, S.L. (Sheryl), Roeleveld, N. (Nel), Santa-Marina, L. (Loreto), Santos, A.C. (Ana Cristina), Smit, H.A. (Henriëtte), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Standl, M. (Marie), Stanislawski, M. (Maggie), Stoltenberg, C. (Camilla), Thiering, E. (Elisabeth), Thijs, C. (Carel), Torrent, M. (Maties), Tough, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Trnovec, T. (Tomáš), Van Gelder, M.M.H.J. (Marleen M. H. J.), Rossem, L. (Lenie) van, Berg, A. (Andrea) von, Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Vrijkotte, T.G.M. (Tanja), Zvinchuk, O. (Oleksandr), Buuren, S. (Stef) van, and Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent)
Abstract: Background: Gestational weight gain differs according to pre-pregnancy body mass index and is related to the risks of adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Gestational weight gain charts for women in different pre-pregnancy body mass index groups enable identification of women and offspring at risk for adverse health outcomes. We aimed to construct gestational weight gain reference charts for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grades 1, 2 and 3 obese women and to compare these charts with those obtained in women with uncomplicated term pregnancies. Methods: We used individual participant data from 218,216 pregnant women participating in 33 cohorts from Europe, North America, and Oceania. Of these women, 9065 (4.2%), 148,697 (68.1%), 42,678 (19.6%), 13,084 (6.0%), 3597 (1.6%), and 1095 (0.5%) were underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grades 1, 2, and 3 obese women, respectively. A total of 138, 517 women from 26 cohorts had pregnancies with no hypertensive or diabetic disorders and with term deliveries of appropriate for gestational age at birth infants. Gestational weight gain charts for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grade 1, 2, and 3 obese women were derived by the Box-Cox t method using the generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape. Results: We observed that gestational weight gain strongly differed per maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index group. The median (interquartile range) gestational weight gain at 40 weeks was 14.2 kg (11.4-17.4) for underweight women, 14.5 kg (11.5-17.7) for normal weight women, 13.9 kg (10.1-17.9) for overweight women, and 11.2 kg (7.0-15.7), 8.7 kg (4.3-13.4) and 6.3 kg (1.9-11.1) for grades 1, 2, and 3 obese women, respectively. The rate of weight gain was lower in the first half than in the second half of pregnancy. No differences in the patterns of weight gain were observed between cohorts or countries. Similar weight gain patterns were observed in mothers without pregnancy compli
Published: 2018
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40. Maternal and fetal genetic contribution to gestational weight gain

Author: Warrington, N.M. (N. M.), Richmond, R.C. (Rebecca C.), Fenstra, B. (B.), Myhre, R. (Ronny), Gaillard, R. (Romy), Paternoster, L. (L.), Wang, C.A. (C. A.), Beaumont, R.N. (R. N.), Das, S. (Shikta), Murcia, M. (Mario), Barton, S.J. (Sheila), Espinosa, A. (A.), Thiering, E. (Elisabeth), Atalay, M. (Mustafa), Pitkanen, N. (Niina), Ntalla, I. (Ioanna), Jonsson, A.E. (A. E.), Freathy, R.M. (Rachel), Karhunen, V. (V.), Tiesler, C.M.T. (C. M.T.), Allard, C. (Catherine), Crawford, A. (A.), Ring, S.M. (Susan), Melbye, M. (Mads), Magnus, P. (Per), Rivadeneira, F. (F.), Skotte, L. (L.), Hansen, T. (Torben), Marsh, J.A. (Julie), Guxens Junyent, M. (Mònica), Holloway, J.W. (J. W.), Grallert, H. (Harald), Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Lowe, W.L. (W. L.), Roumeliotaki, T. (Theano), Hattersley, A.T. (Andrew), Lindi, V. (Virpi), Pahkala, K. (Katja), Panoutsopoulou, K. (K.), Standl, M. (M.), Flexeder, C. (Claudia), Bouchard, L. (Luigi), Aagaard Nohr, E. (E.), Santa-Marina, L. (Loreto), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Niinikoski, H. (H.), Dedoussis, G.V. (George), Heinrich, J. (J.), Reynolds, R.M. (Rebecca), Lakka, T.A. (Timo), Zeggini, E. (Eleftheria), Raitakari, O.T. (O. T.), Chatzi, L. (Leda), Inskip, H.M. (Hazel), Bustamante, M. (Mariona), Hivert, M.-F. (Marie-France), Jarvelin, M.-R. (M. R.), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Felix, J.F. (J. F.), Jacobsson, B. (B.), Geller, F. (Frank), Evans, D.M. (D. M.), Lawlor, D.A. (D. A.), Warrington, N.M. (N. M.), Richmond, R.C. (Rebecca C.), Fenstra, B. (B.), Myhre, R. (Ronny), Gaillard, R. (Romy), Paternoster, L. (L.), Wang, C.A. (C. A.), Beaumont, R.N. (R. N.), Das, S. (Shikta), Murcia, M. (Mario), Barton, S.J. (Sheila), Espinosa, A. (A.), Thiering, E. (Elisabeth), Atalay, M. (Mustafa), Pitkanen, N. (Niina), Ntalla, I. (Ioanna), Jonsson, A.E. (A. E.), Freathy, R.M. (Rachel), Karhunen, V. (V.), Tiesler, C.M.T. (C. M.T.), Allard, C. (Catherine), Crawford, A. (A.), Ring, S.M. (Susan), Melbye, M. (Mads), Magnus, P. (Per), Rivadeneira, F. (F.), Skotte, L. (L.), Hansen, T. (Torben), Marsh, J.A. (Julie), Guxens Junyent, M. (Mònica), Holloway, J.W. (J. W.), Grallert, H. (Harald), Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Lowe, W.L. (W. L.), Roumeliotaki, T. (Theano), Hattersley, A.T. (Andrew), Lindi, V. (Virpi), Pahkala, K. (Katja), Panoutsopoulou, K. (K.), Standl, M. (M.), Flexeder, C. (Claudia), Bouchard, L. (Luigi), Aagaard Nohr, E. (E.), Santa-Marina, L. (Loreto), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Niinikoski, H. (H.), Dedoussis, G.V. (George), Heinrich, J. (J.), Reynolds, R.M. (Rebecca), Lakka, T.A. (Timo), Zeggini, E. (Eleftheria), Raitakari, O.T. (O. T.), Chatzi, L. (Leda), Inskip, H.M. (Hazel), Bustamante, M. (Mariona), Hivert, M.-F. (Marie-France), Jarvelin, M.-R. (M. R.), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Felix, J.F. (J. F.), Jacobsson, B. (B.), Geller, F. (Frank), Evans, D.M. (D. M.), and Lawlor, D.A. (D. A.)
Abstract: Background:Clinical recommendations to limit gestational weight gain (GWG) imply high GWG is causally related to adverse outcomes in mother or offspring, but GWG is the sum of several inter-related complex phenotypes (maternal fat deposition and vascular expansion, placenta, amniotic fluid and fetal growth). Understanding the genetic contribution to GWG could help clarify the potential effect of its different components on maternal and offspring health. Here we explore the genetic contribution to total, early and late GWG.Participants and methods:A genome-wide association study was used to identify maternal and fetal variants contributing to GWG in up to 10 543 mothers and 16 317 offspring of European origin, with replication in 10 660 mothers and 7561 offspring. Additional analyses determined the proportion of variability in GWG from maternal and fetal common genetic variants and the overlap of established genome-wide significant variants for phenotypes relevant to GWG (for example, maternal body mass index (BMI) and glucose, birth weight).Results:Approximately 20% of the variability in GWG was tagged by common maternal genetic variants, and the fetal genome made a surprisingly minor contribution to explain variation in GWG. Variants near the pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein 5 (PSG5) gene reached genome-wide significance (P=1.71 × 10 â '8) for total GWG in the offspring genome, but did not replicate. Some established variants associated with increased BMI, fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes were associated with lower early, and higher later GWG. Maternal variants related to higher systolic blood pressure were related to lower late GWG. Established maternal and fetal birth weight variants were largely unrelated to GWG.Conclusions:We found a modest contribution of maternal common variants to GWG and some overlap of maternal BMI, glucose and type 2 diabetes variants with GWG. These findings suggest that associations between GWG and later offspring/maternal outc
Published: 2018
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41. Maternal and fetal genetic contribution to gestational weight gain

Author: Warrington, N. M. (N. M.), Richmond, R. (R.), Fenstra, B. (B.), Myhre, R. (R.), Gaillard, R. (R.), Paternoster, L. (L.), Wang, C. A. (C. A.), Beaumont, R. N. (R. N.), Das, S. (S.), Murcia, M. (M.), Barton, S. J. (S. J.), Espinosa, A. (A.), Thiering, E. (E.), Atalay, M. (M.), Pitkanen, N. (N.), Ntalla, I. (I.), Jonsson, A. E. (A. E.), Freathy, R. (R.), Karhunen, V. (V.), Tiesler, C. M. (C. M. T.), Allard, C. (C.), Crawford, A. (A.), Ring, S. M. (S. M.), Melbye, M. (M.), Magnus, P. (P.), Rivadeneira, F. (F.), Skotte, L. (L.), Hansen, T. (T.), Marsh, J. (J.), Guxens, M. (M.), Holloway, J. W. (J. W.), Grallert, H. (H.), Jaddoe, V. W. (V. W. V.), Lowe, W. L. (W. L.), Roumeliotaki, T. (T.), Hattersley, A. T. (A. T.), Lindi, V. (V.), Pahkala, K. (K.), Panoutsopoulou, K. (K.), Standl, M. (M.), Flexeder, C. (C.), Bouchard, L. (L.), Aagaard Nohr, E. (E.), Santa Marina, L. (L.), Kogevinas, M. (M.), Niinikoski, H. (H.), Dedoussis, G. (G.), Heinrich, J. (J.), Reynolds, R. M. (R. M.), Lakka, T. (T.), Zeggini, E. (E.), Raitakari, O. T. (O. T.), Chatzi, L. (L.), Inskip, H. M. (H. M.), Bustamante, M. (M.), Hivert, M.-F. (M-F), Järvelin, M.-R. (M-R), Sorensen, T. I. (T. I. A.), Pennell, C. (C.), Felix, J. F. (J. F.), Jacobsson, B. (B.), Geller, F. (F.), Evans, D. M. (D. M.), Lawlor, D. A. (D. A.), Warrington, N. M. (N. M.), Richmond, R. (R.), Fenstra, B. (B.), Myhre, R. (R.), Gaillard, R. (R.), Paternoster, L. (L.), Wang, C. A. (C. A.), Beaumont, R. N. (R. N.), Das, S. (S.), Murcia, M. (M.), Barton, S. J. (S. J.), Espinosa, A. (A.), Thiering, E. (E.), Atalay, M. (M.), Pitkanen, N. (N.), Ntalla, I. (I.), Jonsson, A. E. (A. E.), Freathy, R. (R.), Karhunen, V. (V.), Tiesler, C. M. (C. M. T.), Allard, C. (C.), Crawford, A. (A.), Ring, S. M. (S. M.), Melbye, M. (M.), Magnus, P. (P.), Rivadeneira, F. (F.), Skotte, L. (L.), Hansen, T. (T.), Marsh, J. (J.), Guxens, M. (M.), Holloway, J. W. (J. W.), Grallert, H. (H.), Jaddoe, V. W. (V. W. V.), Lowe, W. L. (W. L.), Roumeliotaki, T. (T.), Hattersley, A. T. (A. T.), Lindi, V. (V.), Pahkala, K. (K.), Panoutsopoulou, K. (K.), Standl, M. (M.), Flexeder, C. (C.), Bouchard, L. (L.), Aagaard Nohr, E. (E.), Santa Marina, L. (L.), Kogevinas, M. (M.), Niinikoski, H. (H.), Dedoussis, G. (G.), Heinrich, J. (J.), Reynolds, R. M. (R. M.), Lakka, T. (T.), Zeggini, E. (E.), Raitakari, O. T. (O. T.), Chatzi, L. (L.), Inskip, H. M. (H. M.), Bustamante, M. (M.), Hivert, M.-F. (M-F), Järvelin, M.-R. (M-R), Sorensen, T. I. (T. I. A.), Pennell, C. (C.), Felix, J. F. (J. F.), Jacobsson, B. (B.), Geller, F. (F.), Evans, D. M. (D. M.), and Lawlor, D. A. (D. A.)
Abstract: Background: Clinical recommendations to limit gestational weight gain (GWG) imply high GWG is causally related to adverse outcomes in mother or offspring, but GWG is the sum of several inter-related complex phenotypes (maternal fat deposition and vascular expansion, placenta, amniotic fluid and fetal growth). Understanding the genetic contribution to GWG could help clarify the potential effect of its different components on maternal and offspring health. Here we explore the genetic contribution to total, early and late GWG. Participants and methods: A genome-wide association study was used to identify maternal and fetal variants contributing to GWG in up to 10 543 mothers and 16 317 offspring of European origin, with replication in 10 660 mothers and 7561 offspring. Additional analyses determined the proportion of variability in GWG from maternal and fetal common genetic variants and the overlap of established genome-wide significant variants for phenotypes relevant to GWG (for example, maternal body mass index (BMI) and glucose, birth weight). Results: Approximately 20% of the variability in GWG was tagged by common maternal genetic variants, and the fetal genome made a surprisingly minor contribution to explain variation in GWG. Variants near the pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein 5 (PSG5) gene reached genome-wide significance (P=1.71 × 10−8) for total GWG in the offspring genome, but did not replicate. Some established variants associated with increased BMI, fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes were associated with lower early, and higher later GWG. Maternal variants related to higher systolic blood pressure were related to lower late GWG. Established maternal and fetal birth weight variants were largely unrelated to GWG. Conclusions: We found a modest contribution of maternal common variants to GWG and some overlap of maternal BMI, glucose and type 2 diabetes variants with GWG. These findings suggest that associations between GWG and later offspring
Published: 2018

42. Genome-wide association study of offspring birth weight in 86 577 women identifies five novel loci and highlights maternal genetic effects that are independent of fetal genetics

Author: Beaumont, R. N. (Robin N.), Warrington, N. M. (Nicole M.), Cavadino, A. (Alana), Tyrrell, J. (Jessica), Nodzenski, M. (Michael), Horikoshi, M. (Momoko), Geller, F. (Frank), Myhre, R. (Ronny), Richmond, R. C. (Rebecca C.), Paternoster, L. (Lavinia), Bradfield, J. P. (Jonathan P.), Kreiner-Moller, E. (Eskil), Huikari, V. (Ville), Metrustry, S. (Sarah), Lunetta, K. L. (Kathryn L.), Painter, J. N. (Jodie N.), Hottenga, J.-J. (Jouke-Jan), Allard, C. (Catherine), Barton, S. J. (Sheila J.), Espinosa, A. (Ana), Marsh, J. A. (Julie A.), Potter, C. (Catherine), Zhang, G. (Ge), Ang, W. (Wei), Berry, D. J. (Diane J.), Bouchard, L. (Luigi), Das, S. (Shikta), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Heikkinen, J. (Jani), Helgeland, O. (Oyvind), Hocher, B. (Berthold), Hofman, A. (Albert), Inskip, H. M. (Hazel M.), Jones, S. E. (Samuel E.), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Lind, P. A. (Penelope A.), Marullo, L. (Letizia), Medland, S. E. (Sarah E.), Murray, A. (Anna), Murray, J. C. (Jeffrey C.), Njolstad, P. R. (Pal R.), Nohr, E. A. (Ellen A.), Reichetzeder, C. (Christoph), Ring, S. M. (Susan M.), Ruth, K. S. (Katherine S.), Santa-Marina, L. (Loreto), Scholtens, D. M. (Denise M.), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Sengpiel, V. (Verena), Tuke, M. A. (Marcus A.), Vaudel, M. (Marc), Weedon, M. N. (Michael N.), Willemsen, G. (Gonneke), Wood, A. R. (Andrew R.), Yaghootkar, H. (Hanieh), Muglia, L. J. (Louis J.), Bartels, M. (Meike), Relton, C. L. (Caroline L.), Pennell, C. E. (Craig E.), Chatzi, L. (Leda), Estivill, X. (Xavier), Holloway, J. W. (John W.), Boomsma, D. I. (Dorret I.), Montgomery, G. W. (Grant W.), Murabito, J. M. (Joanne M.), Spector, T. D. (Tim D.), Power, C. (Christine), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Ritta), Bisgaard, H. (Hans), Grant, S. F. (Struan F. A.), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Jaddoe, V. W. (Vincent W.), Jacobsson, B. (Bo), Melbye, M. (Mads), McCarthy, M. I. (Mark I.), Hattersley, A. T. (Andrew T.), Hayes, M. G. (M. Geoffrey), Frayling, T. M. (Timothy M.), Hivert, M.-F. (Marie-France), Felix, J. F. (Janine F.), Hypponen, E. (Elina), Lowe, W. L. (William L., Jr.), Evans, D. M. (David M.), Lawlor, D. A. (Debbie A.), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), Freathy, R. M. (Rachel M.), Beaumont, R. N. (Robin N.), Warrington, N. M. (Nicole M.), Cavadino, A. (Alana), Tyrrell, J. (Jessica), Nodzenski, M. (Michael), Horikoshi, M. (Momoko), Geller, F. (Frank), Myhre, R. (Ronny), Richmond, R. C. (Rebecca C.), Paternoster, L. (Lavinia), Bradfield, J. P. (Jonathan P.), Kreiner-Moller, E. (Eskil), Huikari, V. (Ville), Metrustry, S. (Sarah), Lunetta, K. L. (Kathryn L.), Painter, J. N. (Jodie N.), Hottenga, J.-J. (Jouke-Jan), Allard, C. (Catherine), Barton, S. J. (Sheila J.), Espinosa, A. (Ana), Marsh, J. A. (Julie A.), Potter, C. (Catherine), Zhang, G. (Ge), Ang, W. (Wei), Berry, D. J. (Diane J.), Bouchard, L. (Luigi), Das, S. (Shikta), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Heikkinen, J. (Jani), Helgeland, O. (Oyvind), Hocher, B. (Berthold), Hofman, A. (Albert), Inskip, H. M. (Hazel M.), Jones, S. E. (Samuel E.), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Lind, P. A. (Penelope A.), Marullo, L. (Letizia), Medland, S. E. (Sarah E.), Murray, A. (Anna), Murray, J. C. (Jeffrey C.), Njolstad, P. R. (Pal R.), Nohr, E. A. (Ellen A.), Reichetzeder, C. (Christoph), Ring, S. M. (Susan M.), Ruth, K. S. (Katherine S.), Santa-Marina, L. (Loreto), Scholtens, D. M. (Denise M.), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Sengpiel, V. (Verena), Tuke, M. A. (Marcus A.), Vaudel, M. (Marc), Weedon, M. N. (Michael N.), Willemsen, G. (Gonneke), Wood, A. R. (Andrew R.), Yaghootkar, H. (Hanieh), Muglia, L. J. (Louis J.), Bartels, M. (Meike), Relton, C. L. (Caroline L.), Pennell, C. E. (Craig E.), Chatzi, L. (Leda), Estivill, X. (Xavier), Holloway, J. W. (John W.), Boomsma, D. I. (Dorret I.), Montgomery, G. W. (Grant W.), Murabito, J. M. (Joanne M.), Spector, T. D. (Tim D.), Power, C. (Christine), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Ritta), Bisgaard, H. (Hans), Grant, S. F. (Struan F. A.), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Jaddoe, V. W. (Vincent W.), Jacobsson, B. (Bo), Melbye, M. (Mads), McCarthy, M. I. (Mark I.), Hattersley, A. T. (Andrew T.), Hayes, M. G. (M. Geoffrey), Frayling, T. M. (Timothy M.), Hivert, M.-F. (Marie-France), Felix, J. F. (Janine F.), Hypponen, E. (Elina), Lowe, W. L. (William L., Jr.), Evans, D. M. (David M.), Lawlor, D. A. (Debbie A.), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), and Freathy, R. M. (Rachel M.)
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies of birth weight have focused on fetal genetics, whereas relatively little is known about the role of maternal genetic variation. We aimed to identify maternal genetic variants associated with birth weight that could highlight potentially relevant maternal determinants of fetal growth. We meta-analysed data on up to 8.7 million SNPs in up to 86 577 women of European descent from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium and the UK Biobank. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) and analyses of mother–child pairs to quantify the separate maternal and fetal genetic effects. Maternal SNPs at 10 loci (MTNR1B, HMGA2, SH2B3, KCNAB1, L3MBTL3, GCK, EBF1, TCF7L2, ACTL9, CYP3A7) were associated with offspring birth weight at P < 5 × 10−8. In SEM analyses, at least 7 of the 10 associations were consistent with effects of the maternal genotype acting via the intrauterine environment, rather than via effects of shared alleles with the fetus. Variants, or correlated proxies, at many of the loci had been previously associated with adult traits, including fasting glucose (MTNR1B, GCK and TCF7L2) and sex hormone levels (CYP3A7), and one (EBF1) with gestational duration. The identified associations indicate that genetic effects on maternal glucose, cytochrome P450 activity and gestational duration, and potentially on maternal blood pressure and immune function, are relevant for fetal growth. Further characterization of these associations in mechanistic and causal analyses will enhance understanding of the potentially modifiable maternal determinants of fetal growth, with the goal of reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with low and high birth weights.
Published: 2018

43. Gestational weight gain charts for different body mass index groups for women in Europe, North America, and Oceania

Author: Santos, S., Eekhout, I., Voerman, I., Gaillard, R., Barros, H., Charles, M.-A., Chatzi, L., Chevrier, C., Chrousos, G.P., Corpeleijn, E., Costet, N., Crozier, S., Doyon, M., Eggesbø, M., Fantini, M.P., Farchi, S., Forastiere, F., Gagliardi, L., Georgiu, V., Godfrey, K.M., Gori, D., Grote, V., Hanke, W., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Heude, B., Hivert, M.-F., Hryhorczuk, D., Huang, R.-C., Inskip, H., Jusko, T.A., Karvonen, A.M., Koletzko, B., Küpers, L.K., Lagström, H., Lawlor, D.A., Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, M.-J., Magnus, P., Majewska, R., Mäkelä, J., Manios, Y., McDonald, S.W., Mommers, M., Morgen, C.S., Moschonis, G., Murínová, L., Newnham, J., Nohr, E.A., Nybo Andersen, A.-M., Oken, E., Oostvogels, A.J.J.M., Pac, A., Papadopoulou, E., Pekkanen, J., Pizzi, C., Polanska, K., Porta, D., Richiardi, L., Rifas-Shiman, S.-L., Roeleveld, N., Santa-Marina, L., Santos, A.C., Smit, H.A., Sørensen, T.I.A., Standl, M., Stanislawski, M., Stoltenberg, C., Thiering, E., Thijs, C., Torrent, M., Tough, S.C., Trnovec, T., van Gelder, M.M.H.J., van Rossem, L., von Berg, A., Vrijheid, M., Vrijkotte, T.G.M., Zvinchuk, O., van Buuren, S., Jaddoe, V.W.V., Santos, S., Eekhout, I., Voerman, I., Gaillard, R., Barros, H., Charles, M.-A., Chatzi, L., Chevrier, C., Chrousos, G.P., Corpeleijn, E., Costet, N., Crozier, S., Doyon, M., Eggesbø, M., Fantini, M.P., Farchi, S., Forastiere, F., Gagliardi, L., Georgiu, V., Godfrey, K.M., Gori, D., Grote, V., Hanke, W., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Heude, B., Hivert, M.-F., Hryhorczuk, D., Huang, R.-C., Inskip, H., Jusko, T.A., Karvonen, A.M., Koletzko, B., Küpers, L.K., Lagström, H., Lawlor, D.A., Lehmann, Irina, Lopez-Espinosa, M.-J., Magnus, P., Majewska, R., Mäkelä, J., Manios, Y., McDonald, S.W., Mommers, M., Morgen, C.S., Moschonis, G., Murínová, L., Newnham, J., Nohr, E.A., Nybo Andersen, A.-M., Oken, E., Oostvogels, A.J.J.M., Pac, A., Papadopoulou, E., Pekkanen, J., Pizzi, C., Polanska, K., Porta, D., Richiardi, L., Rifas-Shiman, S.-L., Roeleveld, N., Santa-Marina, L., Santos, A.C., Smit, H.A., Sørensen, T.I.A., Standl, M., Stanislawski, M., Stoltenberg, C., Thiering, E., Thijs, C., Torrent, M., Tough, S.C., Trnovec, T., van Gelder, M.M.H.J., van Rossem, L., von Berg, A., Vrijheid, M., Vrijkotte, T.G.M., Zvinchuk, O., van Buuren, S., and Jaddoe, V.W.V.
Abstract: BackgroundGestational weight gain differs according to pre-pregnancy body mass index and is related to the risks of adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Gestational weight gain charts for women in different pre-pregnancy body mass index groups enable identification of women and offspring at risk for adverse health outcomes. We aimed to construct gestational weight gain reference charts for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grades 1, 2 and 3 obese women and to compare these charts with those obtained in women with uncomplicated term pregnancies.MethodsWe used individual participant data from 218,216 pregnant women participating in 33 cohorts from Europe, North America, and Oceania. Of these women, 9065 (4.2%), 148,697 (68.1%), 42,678 (19.6%), 13,084 (6.0%), 3597 (1.6%), and 1095 (0.5%) were underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grades 1, 2, and 3 obese women, respectively. A total of 138, 517 women from 26 cohorts had pregnancies with no hypertensive or diabetic disorders and with term deliveries of appropriate for gestational age at birth infants. Gestational weight gain charts for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grade 1, 2, and 3 obese women were derived by the Box-Cox t method using the generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape.ResultsWe observed that gestational weight gain strongly differed per maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index group. The median (interquartile range) gestational weight gain at 40 weeks was 14.2 kg (11.4–17.4) for underweight women, 14.5 kg (11.5–17.7) for normal weight women, 13.9 kg (10.1–17.9) for overweight women, and 11.2 kg (7.0–15.7), 8.7 kg (4.3–13.4) and 6.3 kg (1.9–11.1) for grades 1, 2, and 3 obese women, respectively. The rate of weight gain was lower in the first half than in the second half of pregnancy. No differences in the patterns of weight gain were observed between cohorts or countries. Similar weight gain pat
Published: 2018

44. Gestational weight gain charts for different body mass index groups for women in Europe, North America, and Oceania

Author: Moreira da Silva Santos, Susana, Eekhout, I, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, H, Charles, MA, Chatzi, L, Chevrier, C, Chrousos, GP, Corpeleijn, E, Costet, N, Crozier, S, Doyon, M, Eggesbo, M, Fantini, MP, Farchi, S, Forastiere, F, Gagliardi, L, Georgiu, V, Godfrey, KM, Gori, D, Grote, V, Hanke, W, Hertz-Picciotto, I, Heude, B, Hivert, MF, Hryhorczuk, D, Huang, RC, Inskip, H, Jusko, TA, Karvonen, AM, Koletzko, B, Kupers, LK, Lagstrom, H, Lawlor, DA, Lehmann, I, Lopez-Espinosa, MJ, Magnus, P, Majewska, R, Makela, J, Manios, Y, McDonald, SW, Mommers, M, Morgen, CS, Moschonis, G, Murinova, L, Newnham, J, Nohr, EA, Andersen, AMN, Oken, E, Oostvogels, A, Pac, A, Papadopoulou, E, Pekkanen, J, Pizzi, C, Polanska, K, Porta, D, Richiardi, L, Rifas-Shiman, SL, Roeleveld, N, Santa-Marina, L, dos Santos, AC, Smit, HA, Sorensen, TIA, Standl, M, Stanislawski, M, Stoltenberg, C, Thiering, E, Thijs, C, Torrent, M, Tough, SC, Trnovec, T, Gelder, M, Rossem, L, Berg, A, Vrijheid, M, Vrijkotte, TGM, Zvinchuk, O, van Buuren, S, Jaddoe, Vincent, Moreira da Silva Santos, Susana, Eekhout, I, Voerman, Ellis, Gaillard, Romy, Barros, H, Charles, MA, Chatzi, L, Chevrier, C, Chrousos, GP, Corpeleijn, E, Costet, N, Crozier, S, Doyon, M, Eggesbo, M, Fantini, MP, Farchi, S, Forastiere, F, Gagliardi, L, Georgiu, V, Godfrey, KM, Gori, D, Grote, V, Hanke, W, Hertz-Picciotto, I, Heude, B, Hivert, MF, Hryhorczuk, D, Huang, RC, Inskip, H, Jusko, TA, Karvonen, AM, Koletzko, B, Kupers, LK, Lagstrom, H, Lawlor, DA, Lehmann, I, Lopez-Espinosa, MJ, Magnus, P, Majewska, R, Makela, J, Manios, Y, McDonald, SW, Mommers, M, Morgen, CS, Moschonis, G, Murinova, L, Newnham, J, Nohr, EA, Andersen, AMN, Oken, E, Oostvogels, A, Pac, A, Papadopoulou, E, Pekkanen, J, Pizzi, C, Polanska, K, Porta, D, Richiardi, L, Rifas-Shiman, SL, Roeleveld, N, Santa-Marina, L, dos Santos, AC, Smit, HA, Sorensen, TIA, Standl, M, Stanislawski, M, Stoltenberg, C, Thiering, E, Thijs, C, Torrent, M, Tough, SC, Trnovec, T, Gelder, M, Rossem, L, Berg, A, Vrijheid, M, Vrijkotte, TGM, Zvinchuk, O, van Buuren, S, and Jaddoe, Vincent
Published: 2018

45. Genome-wide association study of offspring birth weight in 86 577 women identifies five novel loci and highlights maternal genetic effects that are independent of fetal genetics

Author: Beaumont, RN, Warrington, NM, Cavadino, A, Tyrrell, J, Nodzenski, M, Horikoshi, M, Geller, F, Myhre, R, Richmond, Rebecca, Paternoster, L, Bradfield, JP, Kreiner-Moller, E, Huikari, V, Metrustry, S, Lunetta, KL, Painter, JN, Hottenga, JJ, Allard, C, Barton, SJ, Espinosa, A, Marsh, JA, Potter, C, Zhang, G, Ang, W, Berry, DJ, Bouchard, L, Das, S, Hakonarson, H, Heikkinen, J, Helgeland, O, Hocher, B, Hofman, Bert, Inskip, HM, Jones, SE, Kogevinas, M, Lind, PA, Marullo, L, Medland, SE, Murray, A, Murray, JC, Njolstad, PR, Nohr, EA, Reichetzeder, C, Ring, SM, Ruth, KS, Santa-Marina, L, Scholtens, DM, Sebert, S, Sengpiel, V, Tuke, MA, Vaudel, M, Weedon, MN, Willemsen, G, Wood, AR, Yaghootkar, H, Muglia, LJ, Bartels, M, Relton, CL, Pennell, CE, Chatzi, L, Estivill, X, Holloway, JW, Boomsma, DI, Montgomery, GW, Murabito, JM, Spector, TD, Power, C, Jarvelin, MR, Bisgaard, H, Grant, SFA, Sorensen, TIA, Jaddoe, Vincent, Jacobsson, B, Melbye, M, McCarthy, MI, Hattersley, AT, Hayes, MG, Frayling, TM, Hivert, MF, Felix, Janine, Hypponen, E, Lowe, WL, Evans, DM, Lawlor, DA, Feenstra, B, Freathy, RM, Beaumont, RN, Warrington, NM, Cavadino, A, Tyrrell, J, Nodzenski, M, Horikoshi, M, Geller, F, Myhre, R, Richmond, Rebecca, Paternoster, L, Bradfield, JP, Kreiner-Moller, E, Huikari, V, Metrustry, S, Lunetta, KL, Painter, JN, Hottenga, JJ, Allard, C, Barton, SJ, Espinosa, A, Marsh, JA, Potter, C, Zhang, G, Ang, W, Berry, DJ, Bouchard, L, Das, S, Hakonarson, H, Heikkinen, J, Helgeland, O, Hocher, B, Hofman, Bert, Inskip, HM, Jones, SE, Kogevinas, M, Lind, PA, Marullo, L, Medland, SE, Murray, A, Murray, JC, Njolstad, PR, Nohr, EA, Reichetzeder, C, Ring, SM, Ruth, KS, Santa-Marina, L, Scholtens, DM, Sebert, S, Sengpiel, V, Tuke, MA, Vaudel, M, Weedon, MN, Willemsen, G, Wood, AR, Yaghootkar, H, Muglia, LJ, Bartels, M, Relton, CL, Pennell, CE, Chatzi, L, Estivill, X, Holloway, JW, Boomsma, DI, Montgomery, GW, Murabito, JM, Spector, TD, Power, C, Jarvelin, MR, Bisgaard, H, Grant, SFA, Sorensen, TIA, Jaddoe, Vincent, Jacobsson, B, Melbye, M, McCarthy, MI, Hattersley, AT, Hayes, MG, Frayling, TM, Hivert, MF, Felix, Janine, Hypponen, E, Lowe, WL, Evans, DM, Lawlor, DA, Feenstra, B, and Freathy, RM
Published: 2018

46. Urinary Arsenic Speciation in Children and Pregnant Women from Spain

Author: Signes-Pastor AJ, Carey M, Vioque J, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Rodríguez-Dehli C, Tardón A, Begoña-Zubero M, Santa-Marina L, Vrijheid M, Casas M, Llop S, Gonzalez-Palacios S, and Meharg AA
Subjects: Arsenic speciation, Biomarker, Children, Inorganic arsenic, Pregnant women, Urinary metabolites, Pregnant women, Arsenic speciation, Inorganic arsenic, Biomarker, Urinary metabolites, Children
Abstract: Inorganic arsenic (i-As) is a non-threshold human carcinogen that has been associated with several adverse health outcomes. Exposure to i-As is of particular concern among pregnant women, infants and children, as they are specifically vulnerable to the adverse health effects of i-As, and in utero and early-life exposure, even low to moderate levels of i-As, may have a marked effect throughout the lifespan. Ion chromatography-mass spectrometry detection (IC-ICP-MS) was used to analyse urinary arsenic speciation, as an exposure biomarker, in samples of 4-year-old children with relatively low-level arsenic exposure living in different regions in Spain including Asturias, Gipuzkoa, Sabadell and Valencia. The profile of arsenic metabolites in urine was also determined in samples taken during pregnancy (1st trimester) and in the children from Valencia of 7 years old. The median of the main arsenic species found in the 4-year-old children was 9.71 mu g/l (arsenobetaine-AsB), 3.97 mu g/l (dimethylarsinic acid-DMA), 0.44 mu g/l (monomethylarsonic acid-MMA) and 0.35 mu g/l (i-As). Statistically significant differences were found in urinary AsB, MMA and i-As according to the study regions in the 4-year-old, and also in DMA among pregnant women and their children. Spearman's correlation coefficient among urinary arsenic metabolites was calculated, and, in general, a strong methylation capacity to methylate i-As to MMA was observed.
Published: 2017

47. Prenatal ambient air pollution exposure, infant growth and placental mitochondrial DNA content in the INMA birth cohort

Author: Clemente DBP, Casas M, Janssen BG, Lertxundi A, Santa-Marina L, Iñiguez C, Llop S, Sunyer J, Guxens M, Nawrot TS, and Vrijheid M
Subjects: Infant growth, Mitochondrial DNA content, Mediation, Prenatal air pollution, Nitrogen dioxide
Abstract: Background: The association between prenatal air pollution exposure and postnatal growth has hardly been explored. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as a marker of oxidative stress, and growth at birth can play an intermediate role in this association. Objective: In a subset of the Spanish birth cohort INMA we assessed first whether prenatal nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure is associated with infant growth. Secondly, we evaluated whether growth at birth (length and weight) could play a mediating role in this association. Finally, the mediation role of placental mitochondrial DNA content in this association was assessed. Methods: In 336 INMA children, relative placental mtDNA content was measured. Land-use regression models were used to estimate prenatal NO2 exposure. Infant growth (height and weight) was assessed at birth, at 6 months of age, and at 1 year of age. We used multiple linear regression models and performed mediation analyses. The proportion of mediation was calculated as the ratio of indirect effect to total effect. Results: Prenatal NO2 exposure was inversely associated with all infant growth parameters. A 10 mu g/m(3) increment in prenatal NO2 exposure during trimester 1 of pregnancy was significantly inversely associated with height at 6 months of age (-6.6%; 95%CI: -11.4, -1.9) and weight at 1 year of age (-4.2%; 95%CI: -8.3, -0.1). These associations were mediated by birth length (31.7%; 95%CI: 34.5, 14.3) and weight (53.7%; 95%CI: 65.3, -0.3), respectively. Furthermore, 5.5% (95%CI: 10.0, -0.2) of the association between trimester 1 NO2 exposure and length at 6 months of age could be mediated by placental mtDNA content. Conclusions: Our results suggest that impaired fetal growth caused by prenatal air pollution exposure can lead to impaired infant growth during the first year of life. Furthermore, molecular adaptations in placental mtDNA are associated with postnatal consequences of air pollution induced alterations in growth.
Published: 2017

48. Association between exposure to organochlorine compounds and maternal thyroid status: Role of the iodothyronine deiodinase 1 gene

Author: Llop S, Murcia M, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Grimalt JO, Santa-Marina L, Julvez J, Goñi-Irigoyen F, Espada M, Ballester F, Rebagliato M, and Lopez-Espinosa MJ
Subjects: Thyroid, Pregnancy, Organochlorine compounds, Fetal development, Deiodinase enzymes
Abstract: Introduction: Exposure to organochlorine compounds (OCs) may interfere with thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis. The disruption of the deiodinase (DIO) enzymes has been proposed as a mechanism of action. Aim: To evaluate the association between exposure to OCs and TH status in pregnant women, as well as to explore the role of genetic variations in the DIO1 and DIO2 genes. Methods: The study population (n = 1128) was composed of pregnant women who participated in the INMA Project (Spain, 2003-2006). Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (4,4'-DDE), b-hexachlorocyclohexane (b-HCH), polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) congeners 138, 153 and 180, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured in serum samples taken during the first trimester of pregnancy (mean [standard deviation (SD)]: 13.5 [2] weeks of gestation). Polymorphisms in DIO1 (rs2235544) and DIO2 (rs12885300) were genotyped in maternal DNA. Sociodemographic and dietary characteristics were obtained by questionnaire. Results: A 2-fold increase in HCB was associated with lower TT3 (% change = -1.48; 95% CI: -2.36, -0.60). Women in the third tertile for b-HCH had lower TT3 (% change=-3.19; 95% CI:-5.64,-0.67). The interactions between DIO1 rs2235544 and PCB153 and b-HCH were statistically significant. The inverse association between PCB153 and TT3 was the strongest among women with AA genotype. Women with CC genotype presented the strongest inverse association between b-HCH and FT4. Conclusion: Exposure to HCB and b-HCH was associated to a disruption in maternal TT3. The DIO1 rs2235544 SNP modified the association between exposure to some of the OCs (specifically b-HCH and PCB153) and maternal thyroid hormone levels. These results strengthen the hypothesis that DIO enzymes play a role in explaining the disruption of thyroid hormones in relation to exposure to OCs. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017

49. Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Metabolic Outcomes in Pregnant Women: Evidence from the Spanish INMA Birth Cohorts

Author: Matilla-Santander, N. (Nuria), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), Lopez-Espinosa, M.-J. (Maria-Jose), Manzano-Salgado, C.B. (Cyntia B.), Ballester, F. (Ferran), Ibarluzea, J.M. (Jesús), Santa-Marina, L. (Loreto), Schettgen, T. (Thomas), Guxens Junyent, M. (Mònica), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Matilla-Santander, N. (Nuria), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), Lopez-Espinosa, M.-J. (Maria-Jose), Manzano-Salgado, C.B. (Cyntia B.), Ballester, F. (Ferran), Ibarluzea, J.M. (Jesús), Santa-Marina, L. (Loreto), Schettgen, T. (Thomas), Guxens Junyent, M. (Mònica), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), and Vrijheid, M. (Martine)
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may increase risk for metabolic diseases; however, epidemiologic evidence is lacking at the present time. Pregnancy is a period of enhanced tissue plasticity for the fetus and the mother and may be a critical window of PFAS exposure susceptibility.OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the associations between PFAS exposures and metabolic outcomes in pregnant women.METHODS: We analyzed 1,240 pregnant women from the Spanish INMA [Environment and Childhood Project (INfancia y Medio Ambiente)] birth cohort study (recruitment period: 2003-2008) with measured first pregnancy trimester plasma concentrations of four PFASs (in nanograms/milliliter). We used logistic regression models to estimate associations of PFASs (log10-transformed and categorized into quartiles) with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and we used linear regression models to estimate associations with first-trimester serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and C-reactive protein (CRP).RESULTS: Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) were positively associated with IGT (137 cases) [OR per log10-unit increase=1.99 (95%
Published: 2017
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50. Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Metabolic Outcomes in Pregnant Women: Evidence from the Spanish INMA Birth Cohorts

Author: Matilla-Santander, N, Valvi, D, Lopez-Espinosa, MJ, Manzano-Salgado, CB, Ballester, F, Ibarluzea, J, Santa-Marina, L, Schettgen, T, Guxens Junyent, Monica, Sunyer, J, Vrijheid, M, Matilla-Santander, N, Valvi, D, Lopez-Espinosa, MJ, Manzano-Salgado, CB, Ballester, F, Ibarluzea, J, Santa-Marina, L, Schettgen, T, Guxens Junyent, Monica, Sunyer, J, and Vrijheid, M
Published: 2017

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