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Presentation of the article in video : https://vimeo.com/465124099; International audience; In an effort to reduce CO2 emissions, many countries throughout the world are initiating plans to transition to more sustainable forms of energy. Nuclear energy would appear to be a powerful contender to replace fossil fuels, or at least be an unavoidable option, from an energy-mix perspective. However, nuclear energy suffers from a poor image among certain populations, especially the young, who favor the development of renewable energies. We wanted to get a more accurate read of what was happening in France, one of the most nuclearized countries in the world, where the share of nuclear energy is greater than 70%. Since plans are underway to reduce this level to 50% by 2035, understanding popular perceptions on this matter is even more important. In order to gain a better understanding, we interviewed an “expert” population and compared the results obtained with a so-called young “non-expert” student population. The first group is composed of firefighters, about half of whom have attended training in radiological risks, and the other, a non-expert population, composed of students from Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), who are potentially influenced (for better or worse) by social media. The aim of this study is to compare and contrast any differences in perception that these two distinct populations may have on the subject of nuclear energy.

Access to veterinary services is important in Karamoja, northeastern part of Uganda, as livestock is a primary source of livelihood. Gender is often overlooked in animal health programs, let alone intersectionality. However, given the socio-cultural intricacies of Karamoja, ignoring these factors may hinder animal vaccination practices, limiting the success of programs designed to control and prevent animal diseases, such as peste des petits ruminants (PPR). The study used qualitative research methods, including focus group discussions, individual interviews, and key informant interviews in a participatory research approach to investigate the constraints faced by livestock keepers when accessing vaccines. The study was carried out in Abim, Amudat, Kotido, and Moroto, four districts in the Karamoja Subregion of Uganda. A modified version of the socio-ecological model (SEM) blended with an intersectional approach were used as frameworks to analyze underlying individual, social and structural determinants of vaccine access with intersecting factors of social inequalities. The results show there are seven intersecting factors that influence access to vaccination the most. These are: gender, ethnicity, geographic location, age, physical ability, marital status, and access to education. The impact of these intersections across the different levels of the SEM highlight that there are vast inequalities within the current system. Access to vaccines and information about animal health was most limited among women, widows, the elderly, the disabled, geographically isolated, and those with unfavorable knowledge, attitudes, and practices about vaccination. Cultural norms of communities were also important factors determining access to PPR vaccines. Norms that burden women with household chores and beliefs that women cannot manage livestock, combined with gender-based violence, leaves them unable to participate in and benefit from the livestock vaccine value chain. Trainings and sensitization on gendered intersectional approaches for those involved in the distribution and delivery of vaccines are necessary to avoid exacerbating existing inequalities in Karamoja.

Throughout Latin America, increasing women’s leadership has been part of many development efforts. However, extensive research on this topic, especially with rural indigenous women, is limited in the literature. Barriers and opportunities for women to participate in leadership within their communities and local organizations may be related to economic, psychological, and social factors that influence their personal empowerment. This study used mixed methods to explore multiple perspectives of community participation and leadership of two Lenca villages in the western department of Lempira, Honduras. The findings from this study provide insight into structural constraints on women’s leadership in the community, and how gender affects engagement in agriculture. The importance of this research is its applicability to agricultural extension practitioners working in rural communities where participation in traditional gender roles may create gaps in women’s opportunities to engage in decision-making around agriculture, participate in community development, and be valued as leaders. For communities whose livelihoods rely on agriculture, understanding barriers to women’s participation can aid extension practitioners working to increase food security, as women play key roles in both agriculture and in supporting their families. Keywords: gender, women, agriculture, leadership, participation

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to utilize data collected from Advancing women’s participation in livestock vaccine value chains in Nepal, Senegal and Uganda (Advance) during 2020-2021 to assess the impacts of COVID-19 safety measures on animal health, including livestock vaccinations, veterinary services, and livestock-related research activities in these countries. Methods: Country coordinators from each of three countries provided weekly reports to Principal Investigators on national COVID-19 regulations, beginning in May 2020. Interviews with country coordinators were conducted during spring 2021 via Zoom to provide additional contextual information regarding the impact of COVID-19 in each country. Information collected during interviews and through weekly reports was analyzed qualitatively to document a historic timeline of COVID-19 policy changes and associated impact on both human and animal health. Results: The main themes that were analyzed in weekly country reports and country coordinator interviews were compliance, politics, access to care, and agriculture. All three countries experienced similar trajectories, with small differences in reporting and spikes for COVID-19 cases and a COVID-19 vaccine rollout starting in the spring of 2021. Conclusions: Fluctuations in lockdown policies, employment, and travel restrictions created additional barriers to access of livestock vaccines, animal supplies, and veterinary services in all three countries. Livestock vaccine services were completely halted in some countries because of travel restrictions and disruptions in the supply chain created by the COVID-19 pandemic. Veterinary services were also limited as a result of travel restraints and market closures. Given the global dependence of rural livelihoods on livestock, additional research is needed to examine the near- and long-term impacts of COVID-19 on livestock populations, especially women, and services including livelihoods, gender norms, veterinary services, and livestock-related research activities globally.

12072 Background: Statins taken for cardiovascular (CV) indications by breast cancer (BC) and lymphoma survivors during doxorubicin (DOX) treatment may attenuate left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decline, but statin impact among these survivors with no CV indications is unknown. Methods: In 279 patients from 31 cancer centers, we conducted a double blind, placebo-controlled, 24-month randomized trial of 40mg/day atorvastatin among those receiving DOX for BC or lymphoma. At pretreatment, six and 24 months after initiating DOX for BC or lymphoma, we assessed LV volumes, strain, mass, and LVEF (via cardiac magnetic resonance), cognitive function and serum markers of inflammation. Using a linear model adjusted for pretreatment measures, our primary analysis assessed change in LVEF over time by randomization group. Results: Participants were aged 49±12 years; 92% women, 83% white race. The mean pooled LVEF decline from pretreatment to 24 months was 62.2±6.0% to 57.6±6.3% (p < 0.001). Adjusting for pretreatment LVEF, 24-month declines in LVEF averaged 3.5±0.5% and 3.3±0.5% respectively for placebo vs statins (p = 0.83). Both randomized groups were similar for: incidence of > 10% change in LVEF, LV strain, LV mass, cognition and inflammation biomarkers, including among those > 90% study drug compliant (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusions: In BC and lymphoma survivors with no existing indication for statin therapy, prospective statin administration does not appear to impact LVEF declines two years after doxorubicin. Clinical trial information: NCT01988571. [Table: see text]

Climate change is projected to have profound effects on nutritional outcomes, particularly among children under five in developing countries, where small-scale, subsistence farming and livestock production supports a majority of livelihoods. An underlying mechanism by which climate change will negatively affect nutrition is through increased food insecurity, as both crop and livestock production are threatened by changing patterns of rainfall and temperature. Climate information services (CIS) provide short and long-term weather and climate forecasts through a variety of means with the aim of increasing smallholder farmers’ ability to cope and adapt to a changing environment. CIS can be used to increase climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices, which in turn can increase agricultural productivity and farmer resilience, while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Through household surveys, focus group activities, and participant observation, this research investigates linkages between CIS, uptake of CSA practices, and household food security through investigation of four research sites, two in Senegal and two in Kenya. The research sites were selected based on their various levels of engagement in CIS programs sponsored by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) at the time research was conducted. The role of gender dynamics in the relationship between CIS, CSA, and food security is also explored through 1) sex-disaggregated quantitative from household surveys, and 2) sex-disaggregated qualitative data focus groups, which focuses in part on conceptualization of women’s empowerment. Findings indicate that farmers are receiving CIS and are using that information to make changes in farming practices, without major differences between men and women. This research suggests that CCAFS-CIS interventions may be leading to adoption of CSA practices; however, no direct correlation between receipt of CIS and use of CSA practices was found, nor was a relationship established between use of CSAs and food security. These findings are inconclusive, however, given the near complete coverage of CIS and widespread food insecurity across sites. Importantly, participants did not ascribe their knowledge of CSA practices to CIS, and the important role of social and informal networks as a source of climate information emerges as an important area of additional exploitation for increased uptake of CSA for improved food security. Keywords: Climate information services, Climate smart agriculture, Food security, Gender, Empowerment

International audience

The authors in this paper demonstrate the utility and versatility of the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) as applied to two contemporary case studies. The first case uses the RAM model to gain understanding and guide nursing practice to assist the parents of a young adult with an opioid use disorder and depression, and the second case involves using the RAM model to help a woman who recently had bariatric surgery cope and adapt postoperatively in a way that helps her maximize the benefits of having had that procedure. The authors discuss how the RAM provides a holistic approach that can be used to provide high-quality, comprehensive nursing.

International audience; Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide du gouvernement français, gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du projet Investissements d'Avenir UCAJEDI portant la référence n° ANR-15-IDEX-01 JIREC 2018

Livestock holders experience increased food insecurity because of climate change. We argue that development programs, public health specialists, and practitioners must critically examine gendered impacts of climate change to improve food security of livestock producers. This review illustrates the differential experiences of men and women and how vulnerability, adaptive capacity, exposure and sensitivity to climatic stimuli are gendered in distinct ways between and among livestock holding communities. We propose a gendered conceptual framework for understanding the impact of climate change on food security among livestock holders, which highlights potential pathways of vulnerability and points of intervention to consider in global health strategies for improving household food security.

Background: Australian policies for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander well-being outline the importance of local community-based interventions; for adolescents, school-based programs have been identified as beneficial. However, there is a lack of localized data to determine levels of resilience and risk and thus whether programs are effective. This paper describes the challenges and opportunities in collaboratively designing and piloting a localized survey instrument to measure Indigenous students’ resilience and upstream risk factors for self-harm and the resultant instrument. Methods: A participatory action research approach was used to engage education staff, health-care providers, students, and researchers to design and pilot the survey instrument. A six-phased process facilitated survey development: (1) defining the logic and exploring the evidence; (2) understanding and tailoring for context; (3) testing for feasibility and relevance; (4) testing for appropriateness and comprehension; (5) facilitating survey administration; and (6) refining the instrument. Processes in each phase were recorded and transcribed with thematic analysis used to identify key challenges and opportunities arising during development. Results: Four key challenges and opportunities were identified: (1) the relevance of international survey instruments for Indigenous Australian students; (2) accounting for distinct environments; (3) the balance between assessing risk and protective factors; and (4) tailoring for literacy levels and school engagement. The final Student Survey instrument comprised 4 demographic and 56 resilience, risk, service use, and satisfaction questions. The T4S will be administered routinely on annual student intake. Discussion and conclusion: The six-phased participatory processes resulted in a tailored instrument that could identify the critical resilience and upstream risk factors facing a cohort of Indigenous students who attend boarding schools for secondary education. Challenges were resolved collaboratively and the pilot results were directly translated to education practice and its integration with health services. Our results suggest that both the phased process of developing the T4S and the instrument itself can be adapted for other Indigenous adolescent well-being and/or self-harm prevention programs.

Introduction Education provides a key pathway to economic opportunities, health and wellbeing. Yet limited or no locally available secondary schooling in remote Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities requires more than 500 Indigenous students to transition to boarding schools. We report baseline quantitative data from the pilot phase (2016) of a 5-year study to explore a multicomponent mentoring approach to increase resilience and wellbeing for these students. Materials and Methods An interrupted time series design is being applied to evaluate levels of change in students’ resilience and wellbeing. Surveys were collaboratively developed, with questions adapted from the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K5), and questions which identified upstream risk factors for self-harm (De Leo, Sveticic et al. 2011). They were completed by 94 students from five randomly selected schools (2 primary and 3 secondary) and one remote community. Results Pre-transition, most primary school students reported high levels of resilience, but only a third reported moderate - high levels of psychological wellbeing. Secondary students attending a boarding school reported lower scores on resilience and psychosocial wellbeing measures. Students who transitioned back to community after being from boarding school reported a lower sense of connection to peers and family, and they reported even lower resilience and psychosocial wellbeing scores. Learning Outcomes Students have many strengths and can be adaptable, but their levels of resilience and psychosocial wellbeing are affected by the schooling transitions they are required to navigate. The findings are informing the development of intervention strategies to enhance student resilience and wellbeing.

Breast-conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy is the standard of care for most women with early-stage breast cancer, resulting in excellent long-term survival. Post-treatment, however, the rate of second breast cancers is significant; for example, the average ipsilateral second-cancer rate from four long-term studies is 13% after 15 years, and increases with still longer follow-up times. Rates in the contralateral breast are typically only slightly lower. We focus here on the rate of second cancers, which are genetically independent of the primary (ie, not recurrences); this rate is much higher than could be explained from the natural background rate of breast cancer in the general population, for both breasts. After conservative surgery, the ipsilateral breast is typically administered a fractionated whole-breast radiotherapeutic dose of at least 45 Gy, followed by a local boost to the tumor site. There is now considerable evidence that such large radiation doses to the breast result in significantly increased breast cancer risks. For example, recent long-term studies of Hodgkin’s disease patients who underwent radiotherapy show large radiation-induced breast cancer risks at sites exposed to doses 40 Gy, with excess relative risks in the range of 10 to 30. That tissues exposed to fractionated radiation doses as high as 40 to 50 Gy are at significant risk for radiation-induced cancer has only recently become apparent. Early models of radiation-induced cancer had predicted that virtually all radiation-mutated cells would be killed by such large doses, and thus the risk of radiationinduced cancer would be minimal. However, the epidemiologic data showing high risks of radiation-induced cancer at high radiation doses have made it apparent that simple models of radiation carcinogenesis involving radiation-induction of premalignant cells, modulated solely by cell killing, are not adequate at high radiation doses. Consequently, more recent models take into account repopulation of normal and of premalignant cells by proliferation, occurring during and after fractionated radiotherapy, whereby some repopulating cells carry and pass on radiationinduced premalignant damage. Including repopulation in models of radiation-induced cancer results in predictions of substantial cancer risks at high radiation doses, consistent with epidemiologic data. Thus, recent epidemiologic data and theory both lead to the expectation that women who receive a whole breast dose of 45 to 50 Gy will be at significant long-term risk for radiation-induced breast cancer, for all relevant ages. Here we estimate the cancer risks associated with adjuvant whole-breast irradiation after lumpectomy, both in the ipsilateral and contralateral breasts, and compare the predictions with the measured long-term risks of genetically independent second cancers in each breast. This allows an assessment for each breast of the relative importance of tumor recurrence, background risk, and radiation risk. The resulting insights in turn suggest potential strategies for reducing these risks.

Background The proposed study was developed in response to increased suicide risk identified in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students who are compelled to attend boarding schools across Queensland when there is no secondary schooling provision in their remote home communities. It will investigate the impact of a multicomponent mentoring intervention to increase levels of psychosocial resilience. We aim to test the null hypothesis that students’ resilience is not positively influenced by the intervention. The 5-year project was funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council from December 2014. Methods/Design An integrated mixed methods approach will be adopted; each component iteratively informing the other. Using an interrupted time series design, the primary research methods are quantitative: 1) assessment of change in students’ resilience, educational outcomes and suicide risk; and 2) calculation of costs of the intervention. Secondary methods are qualitative: 3) a grounded theoretical model of the process of enhancing students’ psychosocial resilience to protect against suicide. Additionally, there is a tertiary focus on capacity development: more experienced researchers in the team will provide research mentorship to less experienced researchers through regular meetings; while Indigenous team members provide cultural mentorship in research practices to non-Indigenous members. Discussion Australia’s suicide prevention policy is progressive but a strong service delivery model is lacking, particularly for Indigenous peoples. The proposed research will potentially improve students’ levels of resilience to mitigate against suicide risk. Additionally, it could reduce the economic and social costs of Indigenous youth suicide by obtaining agreement on what is good suicide prevention practice for remote Indigenous students who transition to boarding schools for education, and identifying the benefits-costs of an evidence-based multi-component mentoring intervention to improve resilience.

Three case studies show a participatory planning process has continuing impact on policy formulation, program design and the efficacy of resulting programs. An intentionally deliberate pace that fully incorporates the anticipated users of the plans in the planning process contributes greatly to the awareness of problems associated with degrading ENR use and helps planners to recognize the relevance of those problems to equity and growth. A participatory planning process results in more complete plans whose rationale and content are better understood. Interests woven into the plans become entitlement, as the participant-users find themselves with a stake in implementing the results of their own planning efforts. Thus, plans do not remain external consultant documents, but become internal working documents and are implemented. Painstaking processes encourages exchange of views and creates vested interests in the crafters of the plans, who become their users. Participation of this type results in high impact, extensively used plans that set boundaries on debate, set priorities, co-ordinate agendas and result in concerted action, especially including the programming of financial resources. Andragogy, often a fundamental development objective, is well served by participant planning. In terms of human resource development, planner-users learn to recognize natural resource issues pertinent to the development being planned. When making future plans, they become empowered to assure that sustainable resource use is reflected.

10625 Background: Among women (W) with early-stage breast cancer (BC) treated with lumpectomy and radiation therapy (RT), those who also receive oral adjuvant therapy (OAT) have a lower risk of local recurrence (LR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations of age (A), race/ethnicity (RE), education (E), socioeconomic status (SS), LR rate, and knowledge about potential side effects (SE) with W’s willingness to receive OAT. Methods: Between 6/05 and 9/05, we asked W with (+) and without (−) BC to participate in an IRB-approved survey. The survey questionnaire presented W with clinical vignettes including information about RT ± 5 years of OAT and the LR and SE associated with treatment options. It then asked W to choose between the treatment options and to rate them, using a time trade-off method, given LR and SE. Results: The distribution of the 161 respondents (55 (+)BC and 106 (−)BC) by A, RE, E, SS is shown in the table below. A and RE were associated with a W’s choice of combined modality treatment (CMT) consisting of RT and OAT, to decrease the risk of LR (p < 0.009 and p < 0.056). Stratified analysis showed an association between CMT and E (p < 0.006) in W (+)BC; A (p < 0.04) and SS (p < 0.04) were associated with CMT choice when SE were described. In W (−) BC, RE (p < 0.02) and SS (p < 0.04) were associated with CMT choice when SE were described. Compared to W who had used oral contraceptive agents (OCA), women who did not use OCA were 45% less likely to trade time to decrease their risk of LR by taking OAT when told about similar SE between OCA and OAT (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.28, 1.09), but this association was not statistically significant. Conclusions: W of various A, RE, E and SS who were given information about treatment choices with LR rates chose therapies that gave them the best chance of disease-free survival. For W (+) BC history, level of E significantly influenced the choice to proceed with CMT. A, RE and SS influenced CMT choice when SE were described. W who had used OCA in the past may have been less concerned than others about potential side effects of OAT. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Synthese de trichothecadienes-9,12 par une methode faisant intervenir la scission de l'epoxyde-12,13 a l'aide de AQNA dans EtOH, suivie de l'oxydation du sulfure puis de l'elimination de la β-hydroxysulfone intermediaire par 4,5% de Na-Hg/MeOH

Incubation of 3-[3H]fluoranthene with a rat liver microsomal activation system in the presence of calf thymus DNA resulted in radioactivity bound to the DNA. The fluoranthene-modified DNA was enzymatically digested and a DNA adduct elution profile developed using h.p.l.c. The fraction containing the major fluoranthene--DNA adduct was further purified by h.p.l.c. and separated into two subfractions. Treatment of these with perchloric acid liberated guanine in both cases. Evidence that both were N-2 guanine derivatives was based on the pK values of these adducts determined before and after treatment with nitrous acid. The major adduct (70% of total modified deoxyribonucleosides) was further characterized by high resolution, fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy which yielded a molecular ion consistent with a fluoranthene triol bound to the N-2 position of deoxyguanosine. Synthetic syn and anti 3-[3H]2,3-dihydroxy-1,10b-epoxy-1,2,3-trihydrofluoranthene were reacted directly with DNA and the 8-[3H]-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrofluoranthene was incubated with DNA and microsomes. The DNA from each of these reactions was enzymatically hydrolyzed and h.p.l.c. adduct profiles were developed. The major adduct formed from reaction of the anti 2,3-dihydroxy-1,10b-epoxy-1,2,3-trihydrofluoranthene with DNA and the major N-2 fluoranthene derived adduct had identical elution times on two different h.p.l.c. systems, similar pK values (before and after nitrous acid treatment) and the same u.v. spectra. In addition, derivatization of both adducts with ethyl methanesulfonate yielded identical products, as determined by h.p.l.c. analysis.

The syntheses of diol epoxides of the mutagenic hydrocarbon fluoranthene are described. Standard methodology is applied to the synthesis or targets, but fails for the synthesis of some targets. It has been shown that, two diol epoxides can be assembled by a route utilizing stereoselective, directed epoxidations. Simple molecular orbital calculations have been used to predict the reactivity of the diol epoxides in their opening to triol carbocations. Specific diol epoxides are predicted to be substantially more reactive than their isomers. A more reactive pair of diol epoxides may yield carbocations capable of alkylating cellular genetic material. This prediction is borne out in terms of the relative mutagenicity of the diol epoxides in a bacterial screen. The syntheses and mutation assay of six possible metabolites of fluoranthene (dihydrodiols and diol epoxides) are discussed in this report.

In order to study the single electron transfer between the superoxide ion and an ..cap alpha..,..beta..-unsaturated ketone, cis-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one was chosen as a molecule with appropriate reactivity criteria and without acidic protons. The stereochemistry of recovered starting material and product at low extents of reaction was examined. The reaction process of superoxide rapidly and reversibly transferring to olefin to produce a ketyl radical anion in a cage with O/sub 2/ is proposed.

International audience

International audience