1. Cutting Edge: Activity of Human Adult Microglia in Response to CC Chemokine Ligand 21
- Author
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Hendrikus Boddeke, Sandra Hulshof, Ineke M. Dijkstra, Paul van der Valk, Knut Biber, Translational Immunology Groningen (TRIGR), and Molecular Neuroscience and Ageing Research (MOLAR)
- Subjects
chemokine receptor CCR7 ,gamma interferon inducible protein 10 ,animal cell ,protein binding ,C-C chemokine receptor type 6 ,Ligands ,immune response ,Mice ,Chemokine receptor ,immunocytochemistry ,Immunology and Allergy ,CXC chemokine receptors ,Cells, Cultured ,beta chemokine ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Chemotaxis ,article ,Brain ,hemic and immune systems ,unclassified drug ,CXCL2 ,priority journal ,Chemokines, CC ,CXCL9 ,Receptors, Chemokine ,gamma interferon ,Microglia ,Signal Transduction ,Adult ,Receptors, CCR7 ,Receptors, CXCR3 ,Immunology ,Biology ,Transfection ,animal tissue ,Cell Line ,Animals ,Humans ,controlled study ,human ,CXCL13 ,lymphoid tissue ,protein expression ,mouse ,Inflammation ,nonhuman ,Chemokine CCL21 ,secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine ,human cell ,chemokine receptor CXCR3 ,monokine ,nucleotide sequence ,Molecular biology ,human tissue ,CXCL9 chemokine ,XCL2 ,cell function ,CCL21 - Abstract
The approximately 50 known chemokines are classified in distinct subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C, and C. Although the signaling of chemokines often is promiscuous, signaling events between members of these distinct chemokine classes are hardly observed. The only known exception so far is the murine CC chemokine ligand (CCL)21 (secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine, Exodus-2, 6Ckine), which binds and activates the murine CXC chemokine receptor CXCR3. However, this exception has not been found in humans. In this study, we provide evidence that human CCL21 is a functional ligand for endogenously expressed CXCR3 in human adult microglia. In absence of CCR7 expression, CCL21 induced chemotaxis of human microglia with efficiency similar to the CXCR3 ligands CXC chemokine ligand 9 (monokine induced by IFN-γ) and CXC chemokine ligand 10 (IFN-γ-inducible protein-10). Because human CCL21 did not show any effects in CXCR3-transfected HEK293 cells, it is indicated that CXCR3 signaling depends on the cellular background in which the CXCR3 is expressed.
- Published
- 2004