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World's population is exponentially aging as people reaching 100 years old has increased. The number of areas with the highest centennial population rates (Blue Zones), are significantly higher. Are there any determinant factors that favor this situation in Spain? The goal of this study was to determine the possible influence of sex, rurality and socioeconomic factors (Gross Domestic Product (GDP)) on the prevalence of the centennial population of the Spanish society. The Spanish register of inhabitants was published in 2017 by the National Statistics Institute. The analysis was carried out both by Autonomous Communities and by provinces in phases: a first descriptive analysis, followed by an inferential analysis, based on statistical tests (independent T- Student test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA). There were significant interactions between: i) sex and longevity (in favor of the female population); ii) female and rural housing and iii) female, GDP and urban areas. Feminization was proven in the longevity revolution, but, in general, GDP per Capita was not a significant survival factor on its own. This study was the first step of further analysis related to extreme longevity in Spain, which will include other dependent variables such as state of health and well-being as well as social factors.

La carne de pollo es una fuente de proteína de alto valor biológico, además de otras macronutrientes y micronutrientes que son deseables para el consumo humano. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar la composición nutrimental y los parámetros de calidad en piezas de pollo (pierna y pechuga) comercializado en supermercados de Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo. Se realizó una recopilación la información nutrimental del etiquetado de productos de pollo comerciales tomando como estándares de comparación la NMX-FF-080-2006, la NOM-086-SSA1-1994 y el Codex Alimentarious. Los derivados avícolas son considerados productos proteicos y la pechuga en específico con bajo contenido de grasa. Sin embargo los productos evaluados no cumplieron con estas especificaciones de acuerdo al Codex Alimentarious (2019), con escasas excepciones. La carne de pollo es considerado un producto con bajo contenido de sodio, sin embargo, uno de los productos evaluados, sobrepaso el límite estipulado por la NOM-086-SSA1-1994 (≤ a 140 mg). La mayoría de los productos evaluados presentaron la categoría México Extra, a excepción de un producto clasificado como México 1. Es importante dar a conocer a los consumidores los estándares nutricionales y atributos físicos de los productos cárnicos para un consumo adecuado.

Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions and identities of girls, women, boys, men and gender diverse people. Gender-related factors are seldom assessed as determinants of health outcomes, despite their powerful contribution. The Gender Outcomes INternational Group: to Further Well-being Development (GOING-FWD) project developed a standard five-step methodology applicable to retrospectively identify gender-related factors and assess their relationship to outcomes across selected cohorts of non-communicable chronic diseases from Austria, Canada, Spain, Sweden. Step 1 (identification of gender-related variables): Based on the gender framework of the Women Health Research Network (ie, identity, role, relations and institutionalised gender), and available literature for a certain disease, an optimal ‘wish-list’ of gender-related variables was created and discussed by experts. Step 2 (definition of outcomes): Data dictionaries were screened for clinical and patient-relevant outcomes, using the International Consortium for Health Outcome Measurement framework. Step 3 (building of feasible final list): a cross-validation between variables per database and the ‘wish-list’ was performed. Step 4 (retrospective data harmonisation): The harmonisation potential of variables was evaluated. Step 5 (definition of data structure and analysis): The following analytic strategies were identified: (1) local analysis of data not transferable followed by a meta-analysis combining study-level estimates; (2) centrally performed federated analysis of data, with the individual-level participant data remaining on local servers; (3) synthesising the data locally and performing a pooled analysis on the synthetic data and (4) central analysis of pooled transferable data. The application of the GOING-FWD multistep approach can help guide investigators to analyse gender and its impact on outcomes in previously collected data.

Nowadays, artificial intelligence techniques are applied in many fields such as industry, natural language processing, or medicine. In this chapter, we have focused on the health area. Within the field of health, artificial intelligence acts in different ways, from predicting any type of disease or dysfunctions in order to establish correlations between different measures collected. Here, we have addressed the application of data mining and machine learning techniques for early detection in autism spectrum disorder. Our approach consists of an architecture based on five steps: (1) search and selection of data sources; (2) application of extract, transform, and load process; (3) creation of the data warehouse and data mart; (4) application of machine learning techniques with the aim of extracting relevant information from selected information sources in order to correctly classify the new data; and (5) visualization of results. In order to test our methodology, we present a case study using three autism datasets with patients of different ages. We used different machine learning techniques in order to compare the results obtained and to find out the best techniques depending on the input data and indicators collected. Finally, we have created dashboards using two of the most significant tools (i.e., Power BI and Tableau) in order to graphically analyze the results.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a range of mental disorders of the neurodevelopmental type, characterized by impairments in socialization, communication, and restrictive patterns of interest, estimating to affect about 1 in 59 individuals. In this chapter, we describe the use of smart devices for evaluating the autonomy and behaviors of people with ASD in smart homes. We detail related works where the sensor-based technology is presented as a drive in analysis, therapies, and autonomy of people with ASD. Particularly, we focus on two main fields. First, the use of inertial and vision sensors for collecting stereotypical motor movements and gestures, very usual, in people with ASD is discussed. Second, we analyze the integration of smart watches and smart ambient devices for collecting human daily activities in smart homes highlighting the benefits for each kind of device in the context of people with ASD. Since autism is a state that will accompany them throughout their lives, technology will currently play a transcendental role in carrying out one of their most crucial challenges, which is to be able to improve their autonomy in the performance of the most basic daily tasks. Regarding autonomy, and considering the importance of technology, this will help us prepare strategic plans customized for each individual, also categorized by age, which is a fundamental criterion. The lesson learned in this work should be extrapolated to other types of mental disease or disorder like Alzheimer, dementia, or Parkinson’s disease.

About 15% of the world&rsquo, s population suffers from some form of disability. In developed countries, about 1.5% of children are diagnosed with autism. Autism is a developmental disorder distinguished mainly by impairments in social interaction and communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Since the cause of autism is still unknown, there have been many studies focused on screening for autism based on behavioral features. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to present an architecture focused on data integration and analytics, allowing the distributed processing of input data. Furthermore, the proposed architecture allows the identification of relevant features as well as of hidden correlations among parameters. To this end, we propose a methodology able to integrate diverse data sources, even data that are collected separately. This methodology increases the data variety which can lead to the identification of more correlations between diverse parameters. We conclude the paper with a case study that used autism data in order to validate our proposed architecture, which showed very promising results.

Los jóvenes y su cultura política en Honduras a inicios de la primera década del siglo XXI es la problemática analizada en este artículo, que tiene como particularidad la selección de una muestra de jóvenes universitarios de CEUTEC SAP 2015. En búsqueda de factores que condicionan la tolerancia política de los jóvenes, se valoran variables de tipo subjetivas y sociodemográficas, tales como orientaciones políticas, religión, tolerancia, autoritarismo, adhesión al régimen, etc. Estas variables analizadas forman parte de la cultura política, se encuentran pocos antecedentes de investigaciones previas en el país. En estos términos, nuestra pregunta central se traduce en la siguiente interrogante: ¿Qué tan heterogénea es la Cultura Política de la juventud universitaria en CEUTEC SAP en la segunda década del siglo XXI?

Introducción: Las posturas que identifican las causas de un efecto adverso (EA) han sido vistas únicamente desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, con fines de determinar la incidencia, evitabilidad y factores de riesgo, lo que resulta complicado por la subjetividad del fenómeno. Objetivo: determinar la comprensión de las enfermeras sobre los efectos adversos en la administración de medicamentos. Metodología: Diseño con una aproximación al enfoque fenomenológico. El principal instrumento de indagación fue el propio investigador, que se apoyó en entrevista semi-estructurada y registros narrativos los cuales se almacenaron en audio para su posterior transcripción y análisis, apoyados en el software Atlas ti. Resultados. Se realizaron seis entrevistas semiestructuradas con 197 minutos de audio. Se identificaron 36 códigos, 120 citas y se realizaron 23 memos. Algunos de los códigos son: ocultar el evento, irresponsabilidad, consecuencias, exceso de trabajo, preocupaciones, actitud. Conclusiones. Se genera una hipótesis in situ: Si los efectos adversos dependen de las condiciones laborales, personales y de conocimiento, entonces el error en la administración de medicamentos se debe al exceso de pacientes por enfermera, inexperiencia en el cuidado, desconocimiento de cierta especialización, sentimientos de preocupación que generan estrés que condicionan la concentración en la preparación y administración de fármacos, además que los errores no se reporta debido a las consecuencias que representa el incumplimiento con aspectos de responsabilidad, reglas y principios profesionales que no desean evidenciarse.

A 17-year-old male patient was referred for poorly controlled glaucoma on maximal medication, congenital aniridia, cataract, nystagmus, and hypoplasia of the macula. A bilateral filtering procedure was performed to control the glaucoma. Three months later, a slow motion phacoemulsification and implantation of a brown diaphragm intraocular lens (IOL) was attempted. Despite the presence of nystagmus and hypoplasia of the macula, the visual acuity improved from 20/300 to 20/100 in the right eye and from 20/400 to 20/150 in the left eye. Both aniridia IOLs were well centered, the anterior segment was quiet with normal intraocular pressure without medication, and all of the patient's glare symptoms disappeared. A single-piece iris diaphragm and optical lens offer a safe alternative for patients who previously had no viable options for iris reconstruction. The most serious postoperative problem, glaucoma, should be addressed before the cataract and lens implantation is performed to avoid a possible acceleration of the glaucoma progression by the large aniridia IOL.