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Abstract Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a significant cause of maternal mortality worldwide. The classification and treatment of hypertension in pregnancy remain debated. We aim to compare the effectiveness of the revised 2017 ACC/AHA blood pressure threshold in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Alliance for Maternal and Newborn Health Improvement (AMANHI) biorepository study, including 10,001 pregnant women from Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Tanzania. Blood pressure was measured using validated devices at different antenatal care visits. The blood pressure readings were categorized as: normal blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (sBP)

No abstract available.

Background This study examines Muhammad Shahrur’s theory of limits and women’s issues. This theory adjusts the muhkamat verses to remain relevant to sociocultural conditions while remining within the jurisdiction of Allah SWT. Shahrur’s approach conveyed women as different from traditional ulemas and controversial. Therefore, it is necessary to describe Shahrur’s theory and interpretation of women’s issues. Methods This was an exploratory bibliographic study using descriptive-hermeneutic analysis. Two of Shahrur’s books were selected and five chapters from Al-Kitāb wa Al-Qur’ān, Qirā’ah Mu’āshirah and five chapters from Nahw Ushūl al-Jadīdah Li al-Fiqh al-Islāmy; Fiqh al-Mar’ah . Results Shahrur’s interpretations on women’s issues are: a) relationships between teenagers of the opposite sex without marriage or living together are “halal” if they follow their will without a contract and are accompanied by syecih, or permission; b) the maximum limit of the hijab is to cover the entire body except the face and palms. In contrast, the minimum limit covers the juyūb, including cleavage under the armpits, body parts, genitals, and buttocks. Apart from these, it does not include intimate parts and adapts to the community. c) Women’s intimate parts are shown only to the seven groups: brothers, fathers, children of a sibling, parents of one’s wives, and their children; d) Polygamy has both an upper limit and a lower limit. Shahrur allows polygamy under two conditions: widows with children whose husbands left them to protect them; polygamy has two limitations: a limit for quantity and a limit for quality; and e) the law of adultery has a lower and upper limit. Conclusion According to Shahrur, women’s issues are divided into four limits: sometimes they are at the upper limit and sometimes at the lower limit. Shahrur’s linguistic approach finally led him to draw the conclusion that the product of Islamic law is highly dependent on the sociocultural context.

Di daerah pegunungan, akses terhadap bahan pangan sering kali terbatas dan pengiriman barang menjadi lebih sulit. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan metode ceramah, tanya jawab, dan praktik langsung tentang penanaman sayur skala rumah tangga. Peserta dari kegiatan ini adalah berfokus kepada ibu rumah tangga maupun pemuda dusun yang tidak bekerja namun memiliki halaman rumah yang luas dan cocok untuk bertanam sayur. Pelatihan ini menciptakan efek berkelanjutan yang bermanfaat baik bagi individu maupun komunitas. Tujuan pelatihan ini adalah untuk ketahanan pangan juga mendukung keberlanjutan ekonomi keluarga dan meningkatkan stabilitas finansial peserta. Ketahanan pangan di tingkat rumah tangga juga berkontribusi pada kesehatan masyarakat serta untuk mengolah sendiri bahan pangan dan memilih jenis tanaman yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan gizi keluarga. Selain itu masyarakat dapat memastikan konsumsi makanan yang lebih sehat dan bergizi. Di daerah pegunungan, di mana akses ke fasilitas kesehatan mungkin terbatas, memiliki makanan yang sehat dan bergizi sangat penting untuk mencegah penyakit dan menjaga kesehatan keluarga.

Arthrospira platensis has emerged as a promising biodiesel feedstock due to its rapid growth and substantial biomass. In efforts to reduce production costs, researchers have explored alternative media derived from livestock waste to modify conventional mediums for Arthrospira platensis cultivation. The experimental design of this research employed a Completely Randomized Design, with treatments comprising inorganic fertilizer (A), chicken manure (B), cow manure (C), and goat manure (D). The livestock manures were macerated for seven days before being utilized as A. platensis medium. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) impacts of different media on peak growth values and biomass production, reaching 2.03 ± 0.06 g/L and 1.76 ± 0.05 g/ L, respectively for chicken manure. The highest peak lipid content was observed in A. platensis cultured in goat manure medium. This study recommends goat manure as the preferred medium for mass cultivation of A. platensis. Mass cultivation in goat manure medium yielded 1.53 kg of dried biomass, with a lipid content of 1.91% and a biodiesel yield of 1.65%. The predominant fatty acid in this biodiesel was heneicosane, constituting 26.4% of the total area.

Narratives of Muslim experiences have simultaneously influenced the knowledge and meaning on the umrah pilgrimage to become increasingly complex and contextual. The narrative of the experiences of Muslim worship on the umrah pilgrimage has not been given much scientific attention in previous studies. This study focuses on the question “What is the narrative of the experience of Muslim worship on the umrah pilgrimage?” To answer this question, this study uses a qualitative descriptive approach in exploring the knowledge, meaning, and experiences of Muslim worship on the umrah pilgrimage which is disseminated online news. The process of collecting and reading the news is focused on news headlines that contain stories and events experienced by Muslims while performing the Umrah pilgrimage. Findings in this study show that the narratives of Muslim worship experience when carrying out the umrah pilgrimage are not least influenced by spiritual and cultural values that are evaluative and reflective in nature. Based on these findings it is possible to formulate a concept of Narrative of religion as a novelty in this study. This study also recommends the importance of comparing the experiences of Muslim in carrying out the umrah and Hajj pilgrimages, in order to comprehensive and more empirical understanding.

The study was carried out in Matiranga Upazila, Bandarban district, which is considered one of Bangladesh's major hill tract regions. The study aimed to identify present farming conditions, prospects, and problems and suitable solutions to the problems of fish farming. Different participatory rapid appraisal tools such as focus group discussion, field visits, and farmers' interviews were used to collect relevant fish farming information in the study area. The polyculture method was the most practised aquaculture method. Among the selected farms, eleven fish species were identified as culture species. The transportation cost for seeds purchased from remote areas was high (11% of total seed cost). The average transportation-related mortality of fish fry and fingerlings was 7.2% and 2.8%. Feed cost was found as the major cost (58.4%) in aquaculture. Costs and revenue for fish production per decimal varied from BDT 311 to 3528 and BDT 23 to 1268. Utilization of vacant lake, youth and women engagement, integrated aquaculture, the desire of people to engage in aquaculture, and available human resources were found as significant prospects. The major problems identified were lack of hatchery, high feed cost, lack of stakeholder linkage, lack of capital for fish farming, and lack of proper knowledge, guidelines, and consultancy for fish culture. A community-based aquaculture model was proposed to overcome the present challenges and problems in the study area. The model may help to expand aquaculture and thus improve the livelihood and socio-economic status of the people of the hilly areas of Bangladesh.

This work aimed to study the energy efficiency of the synthesis process of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) nanoparticles using microwave heating treatment and its effect on material characteristics. Microwaves can provide heat quickly, so it is expected to increase the efficiency of CHA synthesis through the heat provided. The CHA nanoparticles were synthesized using precipitation and heated using a microwave oven. The unheated and hydrothermal-heated precipitation methods were also conducted for comparison purposes. The microwave-heated precipitations were done at 270 W for 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 h, while the hydrothermal-heated precipitations were done at 100 °C for 1, 2, and 3 h. The CHA materials were characterized using an infrared spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer, and electron microscope. The X-ray diffractogram and infrared spectra confirmed that the synthesized materials had a hydroxyapatite crystal phase with a CO32− functional group in their spectra. Microscopic images revealed that the materials were nanometer-sized grain aggregates. The heat treatment and duration increased the material characteristics, i.e., crystallinity, crystallite, and grain size. The CHA with microwave heat treatment had the highest crystallinity and crystallite size. The electrical energy calculation revealed microwave heating had better energy efficiency than hydrothermal heating.

Tambakrejo Beach in Blitar Regency is classified as an area that is very vulnerable to tsunami catastrophes. Many researchers have conducted studies on regions impacted by the tsunami. However, more studies into the link between the outcomes of social and spatial studies still need to be carried out because these are two different perspectives with different parameters and variables. The novel approach in this research involves delineating tsunami-affected areas and assessing population capacity in coastal regions. The hazard maps and livelihood asset variables using grid cells of a specific size have been used to identify risk levels. The grid cells used are 50 m2 × 50 m² so that they are expected to represent the minor units on the face of the earth, such as buildings, assets, property or land parcels, for capacity assessments or measuring the level of threat to disasters and are no longer based on regional administrative boundaries. Contribution: The research results show that using grid cells to analyse areas affected by the tsunami can provide excellent and informative results. Research findings at the research location regarding community preparedness in facing tsunamis show that communities at risk of being affected by the tsunami need to increase their capacity because the majority of communities in coastal areas, especially in the Sidorejo sub-village, have been identified as having low capacity according to several livelihood asset parameters such as financial capital in income. By increasing individual capacity, it is hoped that society will be able to avoid the threat of tsunami waves better.

The phenomenon of distance learning patterns during the pandemic has become an extraordinary leap and has significantly impacted the massive use of the internet in society. The digital era is an era where many human life activities are carried out online by minimizing social interaction, such as school with online learning, working in the office to working from home, organizational meetings via online meeting platforms such as Zoom and Google Meet, health consultations answered directly by doctors, as well as other activities that were rarely carried out before Covid-19. This research aims to determine children's learning patterns and behavior in the metaverse era. Meanwhile, the research method used is quantitative, with several approaches such as correlation between variables and the close relationship between one variable and another. The three groups of respondents in the study were early adults (>20 years), early adolescents (15-20) years and children (10-15 years). The research results show that at the age of children, smartphone use and online activities are only limited to playing games and social media. Meanwhile, in their early teens, some are even starting to learn game-making through online platforms such as Roblox Studio. In early adulthood, which is the age of college education, smartphone use is not just about social media or online shopping; some even have digital wallets and crypto wallets, invest in cryptocurrency, and even actively use the creator's platform games and NFTs with payments via cryptocurrencies such as Ethereum, polygon, etc.

While numerous studies have explored the participatory benefits of social media use for political participation, the empirical literature on the mobilizing role of political memes is nearly absent. In addition, most of the attention has been on Western democratic contexts. By employing survey data from an Asian context—Singapore—this study scrutinizes the impact of exposure to political memes in the interplay between political use of social media and online political participation. In addition, it investigates the contingent role of political cynicism. First, the results show that political social media use is associated with online political participation and that association is mediated by exposure to political memes. Further, moderation analyses indicate that social media use provides participatory gains only for individuals exhibiting low political cynicism. However, when such social media use facilitates exposure to political memes, it primarily mobilizes those with high political cynicism into active online political participation. The results suggest that memes can mobilize disengaged groups into active participation.

Multicultural knowledge among students is essential to building diversity and harmony in social life. This study illustrates the importance of multiculturalism among students in fostering a sense of empathy, tolerance, cooperation, and social care in social interactions. In addition, this study also aims to analyze Muslim students’ knowledge about multiculturalism. Students’ knowledge about multiculturalism is presented based on information obtained through questionnaires and interviews. This research was conducted in West Kalimantan, with the data source being students, with 40 respondents from various ethnic backgrounds who were Muslim. The findings revealed that Muslim students’ knowledge is a social capital that impacts social life in West Kalimantan. The multicultural knowledge of Muslim students is manifested in two forms: cultural accommodation and cooperation in the field of culture and religion. A limitation of this study is that the data sources focus on Muslim students. The researcher suggested the need to collect data on students from non-Muslim backgrounds, thus the need to use more in-depth methods to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the case.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Humic Acid (HA) and Ascorbic Acid (AsA) on cucumber growth under different levels of soil salinity. The experiment was designed as a factorial, using a completely randomized design in the laboratory of Samangan University in Afghanistan. The levels of salinity stress were set at (0, 50, and 100mM sodium chloride) while AsA and HA were set at (0, 30, and 60mM and 0, 1 and 2. L-l) respectively. The results of the analysis showed that the effect of all factors were significant on all studied traits. The highest mean daily germination (19%), root length (56.22mm), shoot length (39,06mm), fresh shoot weight (183.7mg), and seed vigor index were obtained from the (0mM salinity+60mM AsA+ 2g.L-l HA) treatment. Also the most germination percentage (95%), fresh root (45.88mg) and dry root (13.76mg), observed in (50mM salinity+0mM AsA+ 2g.L-l HA) treatment. However, the combined amounts of (60mM AsA+ 2g.L-l HA) were more effective for reducing different levels of salinity and increasing the growth characteristics of cucumber. Also, 2g L-l HA and 60mM AsA alone, were more effective. Treatments without AsA and HA showed the lowest growth in most traits. These findings suggest that the application of HA and AsA can help to improve cucumber growth under salt stress conditions.

The distribution of fish larvae in estuaries is crucial for comprehending the functioning of these ecosystems and their role as nursery grounds for marine fish species. Data regarding larval fish assemblages in the coastal waters of Bangladesh are currently scarce. This study examines the spatial and seasonal dynamics of larval fish communities in these waters using a two-year sampling effort with a bongo net. This study investigates the diversity, abundance, and distribution of larval fishes at four sites (Bakkhali River Estuary, Moheshkhalipara, Naf River Estuary, and Rezu Khal Estuary) on the southeastern coast of Bangladesh. A total of 10,387 fish larvae representing 25 families were identified. Clupeidae (42.9%), Engraulidae (35.5%), Ambassidae (10.1%), Myctophidae (2.1%), and Gobiidae (1.9%) were the five most dominant families based on the larval catch composition. Marked seasonal differences in the larval fish abundance were observed. However, these differences were not observed when comparing the four sampled sites. Additionally, the correlation between environmental variables and the larval abundance indicated that salinity negatively influences (p < 0.001) the larval fish abundance. This is the first comprehensive investigation of larval fish assemblages in the coastal waters of Bangladesh. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the nursery habitat requirements for the early development stages of both migratory and resident species in subtropical coastal waters, providing valuable information for potential applications in management and conservation efforts.

Microplastic (MP) pollution in aquatic environments is a growing concern worldwide. This study investigated the abundance, types, and attributes of MPs in the surface water at two industrial sites (Avoimitro Ghat and Kalurghat) along the Karnaphuli River in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Sampling was conducted over eight months across three transects encompassing a total area of 500 m at each site. A manta net of 200 μm mesh size was used to sample MPs. The obtained samples were subsequently filtered, enumerated, and characterized using a stereo microscope and imaging software. The mean abundance of MP particles (per km2) was found higher in Avoimitro Ghat (94,861 ± 57,126) than in Kalurghat (31,343 ± 23,183). A significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the mean abundance of MP particles between the wet and dry seasons. The fragment group of MP exhibited the most abundant category, whereas the pellet category displayed the lowest. MPs with an elongated shape prevailed at both locations throughout all seasons. At Avoimitro Ghat, blue-colored MPs demonstrated the highest mean count, while in Kalurghat, the highest mean count belonged to brown-colored MPs. The size distribution of MPs differed between the two sites, with 1–2 mm MPs being plentiful in both seasons and Avoimitro Ghat, whereas MPs ranging from 500 µm to less than 1 mm were abundant in Kalurghat. Ten (10) polymer types were found from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis with high levels of polypropylene atactic in both Avoimitro Ghat (32%) and Kalurghat (17%). The findings provide important insights into MP pollution in the Karnaphuli River, which may aid in developing effective strategies to mitigate the impacts of MP pollution on the aquatic ecosystem and human health.

Background: A novel nanosomal paclitaxel lipid suspension (NPLS), free from Cremophor EL (CrEL) and ethanol, was developed to address the solvent-related toxicities associated with conventional paclitaxel formulation. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of NPLS versus CrEL-based paclitaxel (conventional paclitaxel) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Design: A prospective, open-label, randomized, multiple-dose, parallel, phase II/III study. Methods: Adult (18–65 years) female patients with MBC who had previously failed at least one line of chemotherapy were randomized (2:2:1) to NPLS 175 mg/m 2 every 3 weeks (Q3W, n = 48, arm A), NPLS 80 mg/m 2 every week (QW, n = 45, arm B) without premedication or conventional paclitaxel (Taxol ® , manufactured by Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA) 175 mg/m 2 Q3W ( n = 27, arm C) with premedication. In the extension study, an additional 54 patients were randomized (2:1) to arm A ( n = 37) or arm C ( n = 17). Results: Pooled data from the primary study and its extension phase included 174 patients. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR). As per intent-to-treat analysis, ORR was significantly better in the NPLS QW arm as compared to conventional paclitaxel [44.4% (20/45) versus 22.7% (10/44), ( p = 0.04)]. An improvement in ORR with NPLS Q3W versus conventional paclitaxel arm [29.4% (25/85) versus 22.7% (10/44)] ( p = 0.53) was observed. Disease control rates observed were improved with NPLS Q3W versus conventional paclitaxel Q3W (77.7% versus 72.7%, p = 0.66) and with NPLS QW versus conventional paclitaxel Q3W (84.4% versus 72.7%, p = 0.20), although not significant. A lower incidence of grade III/IV peripheral sensory neuropathy, vomiting, and dyspnea was reported with NPLS Q3W versus conventional paclitaxel Q3W arms. Conclusion: NPLS demonstrated an improved tumor response rate and a favorable safety profile versus conventional paclitaxel. NPLS 80 mg/m 2 QW demonstrated a significantly better response versus conventional paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 Q3W. Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registry-India (CTRI), CTRI/2010/091/001344 Registered on: 18 October 2010 (https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?EncHid=MjEzNQ==&Enc=&userName=CTRI/2010/091/001344), CTRI/2015/07/006062 Registered on: 31 July 2015 (https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?EncHid=MTE2Mjc=&Enc=&userName=CTRI/2015/07/006062)

Background This study examines Muhammad Shahrur’s theory of limits and women’s issues. This theory adjusts the muhkamat verses to remain relevant to sociocultural conditions while remining within the jurisdiction of Allah SWT. Shahrur’s approach conveyed women as different from traditional ulemas and controversial. Therefore, it is necessary to describe Shahrur’s theory and interpretation of women’s issues. Methods This was an exploratory bibliographic study using descriptive-hermeneutic analysis. Two of Shahrur’s books were selected and five chapters from Al-Kitāb wa Al-Qur’ān, Qirā’ah Mu’āshirah and five chapters from Nahw Ushūl al-Jadīdah Li al-Fiqh al-Islāmy; Fiqh al-Mar’ah . Results Shahrur’s interpretations on women’s issues are: a) relationships between teenagers of the opposite sex without marriage or living together are “halal” if they follow their will without a contract and are accompanied by syecih, or permission; b) the maximum limit of the hijab is to cover the entire body except the face and palms. In contrast, the minimum limit covers the juyūb, including cleavage under the armpits, body parts, genitals, and buttocks. Apart from these, it does not include intimate parts and adapts to the community. c) Women’s intimate parts are shown only to the seven groups: brothers, fathers, children of a sibling, parents of one’s wives, and their children; d) Polygamy has both an upper limit and a lower limit. Shahrur allows polygamy under two conditions: widows with children whose husbands left them to protect them; polygamy has two limitations: a limit for quantity and a limit for quality; and e) the law of adultery has a lower and upper limit. Conclusion According to Shahrur, women’s issues are divided into four limits: sometimes they are at the upper limit and sometimes at the lower limit. Shahrur’s linguistic approach finally led him to draw the conclusion that the product of Islamic law is highly dependent on the sociocultural context.

Religious moderation has been popular and widely promoted to students as a countermeasure to radicalism. However, it runs across several challenges. Not to mention that radicalism has extended its influence within Islamic universities in Indonesia. Many research organisations have found that Indonesian students tend to be radical. Hence, the discussion around religious moderation among students highlights its urgency. With emphasis on the reception of Islamic university students to religious texts, this study proposed the appropriate approach to religious moderation in the context of plural Indonesian society with the reception of Qur’anic verses and hadiths that promoted moderation. It employed a qualitative approach with a purposive sampling technique involving 81 students of Islamic Religious Education of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang as the research subjects. They were students from four semester IV and VI classes. This study revealed several key findings: firstly, the majority of students equate religious moderation with religious tolerance; secondly, students draw from a range of verses and hadiths that emphasise religious moderation, primarily on tolerance promotion; and thirdly, students’ application of religious moderation based on religious texts manifests through verbal, written and practical approaches. This study presents a model for developing religious moderation rooted in students’ comprehension of religious texts advocating moderation. This study implies using religious texts to promote moderate thought to lessen radicalism and intolerance in the world. Contribution: This study introduces a religious text-oriented approach to enhance the development of religious moderation, thereby refining strategies and methods that have predominantly emphasised aspects of social reality. The religious texts that advocate for moderation are accepted and applied by students in their lives. This contribution is crucial to lessening radicalism and intolerance in Indonesia.

IntroductionThe discourse on immigration and immigrants is central to contemporary political and public discussions. Analyzing online conversations about immigrants provides valuable insights into public opinion, complemented by data from questionnaires on how attitudes are formed.MethodsThe research includes two studies examining the expressive and informational use of social media. Study 1 conducted a computational text analysis of comments on Singaporean Facebook pages and forums, focusing on how social media is used to discuss immigrants. Study 2 utilized survey data to examine the use of social media at the individual level, testing the relationships between cognitive ability, perceptions of threat, negative emotions towards immigrants, and social media usage within the Integrated Threat Theory framework.ResultsStudy 1 found that discussions about immigrants on social media often involved negative emotions and concerns about economic impact, such as competition for jobs and crime. Complementing these findings about perceived economic threats, Study 2 showed that individuals with higher social media usage and greater perceptions of threat were more likely to have negative emotions towards immigrants. These relationships were mediated by perceptions of threat and were stronger in individuals with lower cognitive abilities.DiscussionThe findings from both studies demonstrate the role of social media in shaping public attitudes towards immigrants, highlighting how perceived threats influence these attitudes. This research suggests the importance of considering how digital platforms contribute to public opinion on immigration, with implications for understanding the dynamics of attitude formation in the digital age.

Permasalahan bullying dari tahun ke tahun menjadikan isu global di beberapa negara termasuk Indonesia. perilaku bullying membawa banyak dampak negatif bagi pihak yang terlibat, terutama korbannya. Indonesia merupakan mayoritas masyarakat muslim yang memiliki pedoman dan aturan kehidupan yang terdapat dalam kalam Allah Swt Al-Qur'an dan As-Sunnah. Artikel ini bertujuan menjelaskan pengaruh pemaafan terhadap korban intimidasi . Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah literature review . Kesimpulan artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Kasih sayang memiliki pengaruh positif bagi peningkatan harga diri korban bullying; 2) Pengampunan memiliki potensi untuk mengurangi respon balas dendam pada korban bullying ; 3) Forgiveness menjadi kunci penting untuk meningkatkan ketahanan korban bullying agar korban bullying tidak rentan terhadap gangguan mental; 4) Forgiveness disarankan sebagai respon coping yang efektif untuk memperbaiki agresivitas afeksi dari korban bullying; 5) Forgiveness secara jangka panjang dapat memberikan keseimbangan dan manfaat positif bagi korban bullying.

We investigated the feasibility of an interactive voice response (IVR) survey in Tanzania and compared its prevalence estimates for tobacco use to the estimates of the 'Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2018′. IVR participants were enrolled by random digit dialing. Quota sampling was employed to achieve the required sample sizes of age-sex strata: sex (male/female) and age (18–29-, 30–44-, 45–59-, and ≥60-year-olds). GATS was a nationally representative survey and used a multistage stratified cluster sampling design. The IVR sample’s weights were generated using the inverse proportional weighting (IPW) method with a logit model and the standard age-sex distribution of Tanzania. The IVR and GATS had 2362 and 4555 participants, respectively. Compared to GATS, the unweighted IVR sample had a higher proportion of males (58.7 % vs. 43.2 %), educated people (secondary/above education: 43.3 % vs. 21.1 %), and urban residents (56.5 % vs. 40 %). The weighted prevalence (95 % confidence interval (CI)) of current smoking was 4.99 % (4.11–6.04), 5.22 % (4.36–6.24), and 7.36 % (6.51–8.31) among IVR (IPW), IVR (age-sex standard), and GATS samples, respectively; the weighted prevalence (95 % CI) of smokeless tobacco use was similar: 3.54 % (2.73–4.57), 3.58 % (2.80–4.56), and 2.43 % (1.98–2.98), respectively. Most differences in point estimates for tobacco indicators were small (

This article discusses the reading and writing of the Qur'an policy program at Ma'had al-Jami'ah (College Student Boarding School) IAIN Pontianak. This paper used a type of qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The author wants to see the effectiveness of implementing the Qur'an reading and writing policy that takes place among students. The respondents or informants in this study are stakeholders of Ma'had al-Jami'ah IAIN Pontianak, be it the rector of IAIN Pontianak, mudir (director) Ma'had al-Jami'ah, educators, and students. Data is obtained through interviews, observations, documentation, and surveys. Data collection through surveys complements interviews, observation, and documentation data. The survey was conducted with all students living in Ma'had al-Jami'ah, IAIN Pontianak. The results of this study show that the policy of reading and writing the Qur'an in Ma'had al-Jami'ah IAIN Pontianak is still oral or appealing. Based on the analysis used by the author indicates that the implementation of reading and writing the Qur'an is quite effective based on the following indicators: 1) program success, as evidenced by an increase in students who initially were in the red zone turning yellow and green. 2) The success of the target is reviewed from the initial filter through the Qur'an reading test in the red category. Following the Qur'an, reading and writing programs are required to be right on target. 3) Satisfaction with the program: the results of the 2022 student survey state that there is satisfaction with the reading and writing Qur'an program. 4) students' reports of the results of reading and writing the Quran prove the input and output levels.

Abstract Several studies have explored the causes and consequences of public engagement with misinformation and, more recently, COVID-19 misinformation. However, there is still a need to understand the mechanisms that cause misinformation propagation on social media. In addition, evidence from non-Western societies remains rare. This study reports on survey evidence from eight countries to examine whether social media fatigue can influence users to believe misinformation, influencing their sharing intentions. Our insights also build on prior cognitive and personality literature by exploring how this mechanism is conditional upon users’ cognitive ability and narcissism traits. The results suggest that social media fatigue can influence false beliefs of misinformation which translates into sharing on social media. We also find that those with high levels of cognitive ability are less likely to believe and share misinformation. However, those with low cognitive ability and high levels of narcissism are most likely to share misinformation on social media due to social media fatigue. This study is one of the first to provide cross-national comparative evidence highlighting the adverse effects of social media fatigue on misinformation propagation and establishing that the relationship is not universal but dependent on both cognitive and dark personality traits of individuals.

Tafsir al-Misbah succeeded in combining the presentation of the surahs of the Koran with the al-adabi al-ijtima'i style with the correlative tahlili method. That is, Tafsir al-Misbah, even though it has an adabi al-ijtima'i pattern (a socio-community cultural style), does not leave a unified message in every surah of the Qur'an. The Quraish Shihab style of thought and its distinctive tendencies have sufficiently colored the discourse on al-Qur'an studies in Indonesia. This study attempts to describe the concept of wasathiyah Quraish Shihab from his works. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of library research. The primary data is Quraish Shihab's book on Moderate Islam. In the thought of religious moderation, Quraish Shihab, namely the middle position makes humans not take sides to the left and to the right. Second, the understanding of ummatan wasathon in the concept of wasathiyyah with a middle meaning in the view of God and the world. Wasathiyah also contains the main principles of fairness, balance and tolerance. Islam as a religion with the highest number of adherents requires its adherents to have tolerance in society, protect minorities, and give freedom to the majority to worship as they believe. The Qur'an has explained the need to have a tolerant attitude in several of its verses, which later these verses were understood in various ways by mufassir, one of whom was Quraish Shihab.

Implementing ICT education in elementary schools in the industrial era 4.0 is urgent. Several studies have explored ICT education in elementary schools, but few studies with systematic literature reviews remain. This article presents a literature review for 2019-2023 regarding ICT education in elementary schools. The Systematic Review Literature method and PRISMA protocol use Publish or Perish 7, VOSviewer, and NVIVO 12 Plus. The search results for Scopus articles contained 812, which were then filtered according to the theme to 61 for the study. The 61 articles were analyzed according to topic via NVIVO 12 Plus, and the results were described according to the research questions. ICT education in elementary school is a form of technology in learning to send, process, create, share, display, store, and exchange information. The characteristics of ICT education in elementary schools are ICT for online learning, communication interaction, digital media, software, inclusive, real-time, TPACK-based, and making students independent. The implementation of ICT education in elementary schools is carried out in learning, digital-based projects, curriculum, tools, and learning materials for Mathematics and language in elementary schools, which are supported by teachers' digital competence. Future researchers must study ICT education in elementary schools according to technological developments.

This article discusses research related to the application of the Ma'had al-Jami'ah regulation of the State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Pontianak in new students. The research used qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. The source of data in this study is a new student and director of Ma'had al-Jami'ah IAIN Pontianak through interviews, observations, and documentation. This research shows the results that the mandatory application of Ma'had al-Jami'ah IAIN Pontianak received support and contras. The students support this policy because they want to deepen their religious and language knowledge, both Arabic and English. Meanwhile, the contras are because still is not ready to take part in the learning activities carried out by Ma'had al-Jami'ah IAIN Pontianak. In addition, in practice the learning carried out strengthens Islamic moderation for IAIN Pontianak students. In addition, in practice learning is carried out aimed at strengthening Islamic moderation in new students

This article aims to describe the children's spatial design which includes: the placement of shelves, colors, furniture, lighting, and room area in the children's service room at the library service, and the archives of the city of Padang Panjang. A library must pay attention to the interior design of the library because this can support the literacy skills of users, one of which is children. Library interior design is a way of arranging the interior layout of a library building, which functions as a container for all activities and activities in the library by creating a comfortable and safe atmosphere and image of the space by paying attention to the needs of the individuals in it without neglecting aesthetic factors. Where the design will be by the expectations of users and librarians to improve children's literacy. Literacy can be interpreted as the ability to read, write, speak, and solve. To make children feel comfortable in the library room, a librarian must pay attention to the spatial design where this spatial design makes children feel comfortable and safe. Which is when children feel comfortable and safe, they can automatically increase literacy activities

Interior design is very important and needs to be considered when building a library. Efforts to present a library interior design that meets the needs and comfort of library visitors requires good understanding and planning. Library interiors that combine aesthetic values will affect the use of library services for users. This study uses the method of literature study or literature review through scientific concepts that discuss library science from several library journals and interior design. The research develops the main issues on how interior design can affect the comfort of library visitors and how to develop a good library interior design. The aim of the research is to find out how interior design affects the comfort of library visitors. This research is expected to be useful for library development and facilitate planning in the library.

Objectives: This study examines the relationship between integrated, person-centered maternity care (PCMC), the provision of postpartum family planning (PPFP) services, and postpartum contraceptive use among women delivering at health facilities in Ethiopia. Study design: We analyze 2019–2021 longitudinal data from a representative sample of pregnant and recently postpartum women in Ethiopia. This study examines baseline, 6-week, and 6-month survey data collected from women who delivered at a health facility. Results: Maternity patients who reported more person-centered care were more likely to be counseled on postpartum contraceptive methods before discharge. Overall, 27.5% of women delivering in a health facility received family planning counseling before discharge, ranging from 15.2% in the lowest PCMC quintile to 36.3% in the highest PCMC quintile. The receipt of PPFP counseling was associated with increased odds of postpartum contraceptive use. Conclusions: Findings suggest dimensions of quality care are interlinked, and person-centered care is associated with greater integration of recommended PPFP services into predischarge procedures. However, even among women who report relatively high levels of person-centered care, our results highlight that family planning is not routinely discussed prior to discharge from delivery, and very few women receive a contraceptive method or referral prior to discharge. Implications: While most postpartum women report they wish to limit or space future pregnancies, the uptake of modern contraceptive methods in the postpartum period is low. As women increasingly opt to deliver in health facilities, further integration of family planning services into predischarge procedures within maternity care can improve contraceptive access. Data statement: The data used in these analyses were collected as part of the PMA Ethiopia study. Data are publicly available at https://www.pmadata.org/data/request-access-datasets.

IntroductionAntenatal care is an essential component of primary healthcare, providing opportunities to screen, prevent, and treat morbidity to preserve the health of mothers and offspring. The World Health Organization now recommends a minimum of eight antenatal care contacts, instead of four, which is challenging in countries exposed to political violence and structural disparities in access to social, economic and healthcare resources as exist in Palestine. This study examines the compliance of the recommend standard of antenatal care in Palestine.MethodsWe analyzed data from the UNICEF's Palestinian Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019-2020. The eligible sample consisted of 2,028 women, 15-49 years of age, living in Palestine, on whom data were available on reported antenatal care services received during the most recent pregnancy within the last two years. Outcome variables of interest were the reported frequencies of antenatal care visits, gestational timing of 1st visit, and services received. Potential risk factors were assessed in women attending less than eight versus eight or more antenatal contacts, as recommended by WHO, by estimating prevalence ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals.ResultsOverall, 28% of women did not meet the WHO's recommendation of eight or more antenatal contacts, varying from 18% in Central West Bank to 33% in South West Bank across the four areas of Palestine (North, Central, and South West Bank and Gaza Strip). Twelve percent of women reported having had no antenatal contacts in the 1st trimester, and these women were two- to three-folds more unlikely to meet WHO recommendation of antenatal contacts than mothers who initiated the antenatal contact in the 1st trimester. Women who had less than eight antenatal contacts were generally poorer, higher in parity, lived in North and South West Bank, sought ANC from either doctor or nurse/midwife only, and initiated antenatal contact in 2nd-to-3rd trimesters.ConclusionThere were considerable socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in the prevalence of not meeting WHO recommended number of antenatal contacts in Palestine, offering the opportunity to inform, improve and continuously reassess coverage of antenatal care.

This study aimed to investigate the government’s and parents’ strategies for optimizing learning activities during the pandemic and the new normal in Langsa City, Indonesia, after the COVID-19 pandemic hit the country. Using a structural-functionalist methodology It was assumed that the COVID-19 pandemic triggered change in society as a whole—change in one part would affect other parts—and that in order for education to operate smoothly in society, the government and parents must adapt to the necessary change. To provide empirical data for the study, in-depth interviews were conducted with the head of the educational and cultural office, the head of the religious department, elementary through secondary school teachers, and parents. The government implemented strategies such as school closures and the introduction of online learning, internet quotas for students and teachers, home visits to areas with poor internet signals, and time shifting classes to prevent overcrowding. The government instituted competitions for best school, best teacher, best staff, and best student awards during the new normal in an effort to rekindle students’ interest in learning and teachers’ participation in class. Nonetheless, the pandemic had a positive effect on students’ attitudes toward online learning and parents’ attitudes toward their children’s education. The study concluded that, in the face of a pandemic, government, teacher, and parent cooperation, as well as the ability to adapt to change, were the keys to the success of children’s education under any circumstance.

Trash-talking Tante Lala on TikTokis a newphenomenon on social media. Its content can become a viral trend, and many TikTokusers like it. The viral trash-talking content of TanteLala shows that the dissemination that occurs involves the participation of TikTokusers. This study explores the motivations of followers who make trash-talking viral content, thedissemination’s wayof Tante Lala's trash-talking content, and TikTok's role in the media-making process. This study uses the virtual ethnographic method to explain the cultural behavior of trash-talking by TikTokusers. The results of this study show the various motivations of Tante Lala's followers in making a viral trend of trash-talking content. Furthermore, the trash-talking content of Tante Lala shapes personal branding as an entertaining TikTokaccount with a distinctive character. Meanwhile, TikTokis an effective digital tool for personal branding forTante Lala

Background: Early detection and/or characterization of cancer associated biomarkers have revolutionized the personalized treatment approach of cancer to date. Therefore this study was design to accessed the prevalence of suspected cancer biomarkers from northeastern part of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 892 patients' data were analyzed in a cross-sectional manner and the collection period was 2017 to 2019. An ELISA-based chemiluminescent microparticle immune assay was used to detect serum cancer biomarkers. An unpaired t-test was used to compare the independent variables. Results: Data were clustered into four categories; group1 (10-17 yr, adolescent), group2 (18 to 35 yr, young adult), group3 (36 to 55 yr, middle), and group4 (>55 yr, older adult). Serum PSA level was higher in group4 than group3 (mean ± sem, 8.422 ± 1.423 vs 3.884 ±1.15 ng/ml). CA-125 is significantly higher in females with age > 35 yr (older and middle) than at age [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2023; 6(1.000): 276-285]

BackgroundDigital therapeutics (DTx) are software-based products that prevent, manage, or treat a medical condition and are delivered through a smartphone app, web application, or wearable device. Clinical trials assessing DTx pose challenges, foremost among which is designing appropriate digital shams (or digital placebos), which should ideally mimic DTx (in terms of design, components, and duration of treatment) while omitting the active principle or component. ObjectiveThe objective of our review was to understand how digital shams are being used in clinical research on DTx in neuroscience, which is the most common therapy area for DTx. MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review of DTx in neuroscience (including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders) with a focus on controlled clinical trials involving digital shams. Studies were identified from trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, the European Union Clinical Trials Register, and Trial Trove) and through structured searches in MEDLINE and Embase (both via the Embase website) and were limited to articles in English published from 2010 onward. These were supplemented by keyword-based searches in PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar and bibliographic searches. Studies assessing DTx in neuroscience (including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders) were included. Details related to the publication, DTx, comparator, patient population, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. ResultsOur search criteria identified 461 neuroscience studies involving 213 unique DTx. Most DTx were extended reality based (86/213, 40.4%) or mobile device based (56/213, 26.3%); 313 were comparative, of which 68 (21.7%) used shams. The most common therapeutic areas assessed in these studies were stroke (42/213, 19.7%), depression (32/213, 15%), and anxiety (24/213, 11.3%). The most common treatments were cognitive behavioral therapy or behavioral therapy (67/213, 32.4%), physical rehabilitation (60/213, 28.2%), and cognitive training (41/213, 19.2%). We identified the following important issues related to the use of digital shams in neuroscience: shams were not validated before use in studies, they varied widely in design (from being nearly identical to the DTx to using different software programs altogether), and the level of patient engagement or satisfaction with the sham and the impact of the sham on study outcomes were infrequently reported. ConclusionsDigital shams are critical for the clinical development of DTx in neuroscience. Given the importance of sham controls in evaluating DTx efficacy, we provide recommendations on the key information that should be reported in a well-designed DTx trial and propose an algorithm to allow the correct interpretation of DTx study results. Sham-controlled studies should be routinely used in DTx trials—in early-phase studies—to help identify DTx active components and—in late-phase studies—to confirm the efficacy of DTx. The use of shams early in development will ensure that the appropriate sham control is used in later confirmatory trials.

This study is one of the first to investigate the relationship between modalities and individuals' tendencies to believe and share different forms of deepfakes (also deep fakes). Using an online survey experiment conducted in the US, participants were randomly assigned to one of three disinformation conditions: video deepfakes, audio deepfakes, and cheap fakes to test the effect of single modality against multimodality and how it affects individuals’ perceived claim accuracy and sharing intentions. In addition, the impact of cognitive ability on perceived claim accuracy and sharing intentions between conditions are also examined. The results suggest that individuals are likelier to perceive video deepfakes as more accurate than cheap fakes, but not audio deepfakes. Yet, individuals are more likely to share video deepfakes than cheap and audio deepfakes. We also found that individuals with high cognitive ability are less likely to perceive deepfakes as accurate or share them across formats. The findings emphasize that deepfakes are not monolithic, and associated modalities should be considered when studying user engagement with deepfakes.

This article elaborates on the Salafi youth movement in the village of Sambas. Salafi youth in rural areas adopted the strategy of urban Salafi movements by utilising new media to convey religious messages. Through social media, Salafi youth convey religious understanding in rural areas. This article shows that the presence of Salafis in rural areas has influenced religious dynamics and given rise to contestations of religious ideology among Muslim communities in rural areas. This research article uses qualitative research with a phenomenological approach conducted in several villages in Sambas. The source of data contained in this study was obtained through interviews, observations and documentation from the research team in Sambas, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The data analysis technique uses condensation, that is, all the data obtained without having to reduce it because the research team considers all the data important in this study. Contribution: Scholars in the fields may benefit from the findings of the research, as it provides a new perspective on the Salafist youth movement in rural areas amid religious moderation. Salafist youth in rural areas learn Islam only through YouTube and social media, and this makes fanaticism excessive, which has the effect of blaming each other on traditional Islamic groups in the countryside.

Suckermouth armoured catfish of the genus Pterygoplichthys (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) are significant threats to aquatic biodiversity, ecosystems, habitats, and fishery production in different countries. Their unique characteristics and adaptive features help their successful invasion. These fish harm fish habitats, compete for food and space, prey on fish eggs, and displace the native fish populations. They erode river banks, alter benthic ecology, make holes in the river bank, and remove aquatic plants. Elimination, control, and intrusion prevention are possible management strategies. Utilising them as food and preparing value-added products and byproducts using them are viable ways to reduce their number. Management is challenging, owing to their tolerance and excellent adaptability. With severe dangers to Bangladesh's fisheries industry and aquatic environment, suckermouth armoured catfish have invaded natural waterbodies and aquaculture ponds. There is a lack of accurate information on invasion status, types of invading species, and potential dangers of invasion to create a management framework in Bangladesh. Therefore, this review introduces the key characteristics, habitats, invasion impacts, and management and utilisation aspects of suckermouth armoured catfish in different countries. The review may help in understanding how they affect native fish, aquatic organisms, habitats, and the aquatic environment globally. Finally, what kind of threats they may pose and how they can be managed sustainably in Bangladesh.

The New Normal according to Islam, returns to the life order of habluminallah, habluminannas and habluminala’lam. However, the most important thing is how the relationship between the new normal relates to humans and nature at the same time. This has been explained by the Prophet Muhammad in the hadith as applied at the time. The purpose of this study is to analyze and find the Sunnah backthat the Prophet Muhammad has applied to this fellow beings in this family, environment, friends and followers. The reseach method library research by analyzing the hadiths regarding the life of the Prophet during the pandemic.The results showed that he always applied attitudes; tawakkal to Allah SWT, be patient attitudes in dealing with disease outbreaks, Instilling an optimistic attitude and haqqulyaqin on all the provisions of Allah, endeavors in facing any situation. So thus our role in dealing with disease outbreaks during the New Normal period is to continue to refer to the hadiths that the Prophet conveyed during his lifetime to this friends

Muhammadiyah, one of Indonesia's Islamic organizations, has long been involved in education and strives to stay up with scientific and technological advancements. One of the initiatives and materials generated is for Islamic religious education, which is being used at Muhammadiyah 8 Elementary School in Surabaya, East Java. Muhammadiyah 8 Elementary School Surabaya formulates instructional materials in one instructional material called Al-Islam to suit the community's needs and improve Islamology. Al-Islam instructional material are one of the distinguishing features of Muhammadiyah educational institutions. It covers every aspect of Islamic religious education, including moral creed, jurisprudence, Koranic study and interpretation, Hadith studies, Islamic history, and Arabic. This study aims to examine the learning outcomes at Muhammadiyah 8 Elementary School in Surabaya, where the instructional materials incorporate Al-Islam. This study is qualitative. Specifically, descriptive research reveals observations, interviews, and documentation outcomes. According to the findings, Muhammadiyah 8 Elementary School Surabaya has its own instructional materials for developing and teaching Islamic religious education subjects to students, known as Al-Islam. By using Al-Islam instructional material, students' knowledge and potential in Islamic religious education will develop holistically and comprehensively. Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya Elementary School strives to distribute Islamic religious education subjects within the framework of Al-Islam so that students can master Islamic religious education subjects in an integrated and interdisciplinary manner, based on kaffah human beings who are pious ritualists and socially.Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran, Interdisipliner, Bahan Ajar al-Islam, SD Muhammadiyah.

MD Faruque Pathan,1 Nazma Akter,2 Shahjada Selim,3 M Saifuddin,4 Nazmul Kabir Qureshi,5 ABM Kamrul-Hasan,6 Mohammad Abdul Hannan,7 Md Ashraf Uddin Ahmed,1 Marufa Mustari,3 Ashish Kumar Chakraborty1 1BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2MARKS Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 3Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 4Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 5National Healthcare Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 6Mymensingh Medical College & Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; 7North East Medical College & Hospital, Sylhet, BangladeshCorrespondence: MD Faruque Pathan, BIRDEM General Hospital, 122 Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, Tel +8801713032888, Email pathan279@yahoo.comAim: In Bangladesh, there is a large population of Muslims with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who fast during Ramadan. Changes in the pattern of meal and fluid intake during this long-fasting hours may increase the risk of hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia, and dehydration. Our key point of focus was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), in patients with T2DM while fasting during Ramadan.Methods: This was a 24-weeks, multi-centre, open-label, two-arm parallel-group study. In this prospective type of observational study, we enrolled patients taking Empagliflozin and Metformin with or without a DPP-4 inhibitor in one group (n = 274) and a parallel group (n = 219) who were treated with Metformin with or without a DPP-4 inhibitor. The primary endpoint of this study was HbA1c reduction, weight loss and the number of reported or symptomatic hypoglycemic events. In secondary endpoints, we evaluated the changes from baseline in blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine, and serum electrolyte, the proportion of volume depletion (≥ 1 event) and incidence of other adverse events (AEs) of interest potentially related to SGLT2 inhibitor.Results: During Ramadan, HbA1c reduction was significant in Empagliflozin arm (− 0.49% vs − 0.12%); [p < 0.001]. From before to the end of the study, significant weight reduction was seen in the Empagliflozin arm (− 1.4 kg vs − 0.09 kg); [p < 0.001]. We observed no significant increase in the incidence of hypoglycemia (0.7% vs 0.4%, p = 0.267) and volume depletion (2.6% vs 1.8%; p = 0.55) in both arm. All these milder forms events did not require any hospital admission. There was no report of serious adverse events or any discontinuation, or reduction of prescribed doses of empagliflozin during Ramadan.Conclusion: Empagliflozin is efficacious and safe for treating adults with T2DM during Ramadan.Keywords: empagliflozin, Ramadan, efficacy, safety, T2DM, SGLT2i, SGLT2 inhibitors

Tolerance is an issue that is widely promoted in the midst of the Indonesian government's efforts to moderate daily attitudes in religious and state life. An understanding of it continues to be explored through the values of the texts of the Qur'an and hadith as well as local traditions that exist in the community. Mori Sama in Donggo, Mbawa is one tradition that has tolerance values which are given a dimension of legitimacy by the traditional leaders of the Qur'anic texts. This paper explored the understanding of the Donggo Mbawa community in understanding tolerance; sees how the community understands the verses of tolerance; and finally how the practical implementation of the Donggo community on their understanding of tolerance. As a form of field research, this paper was based on observation and interviews as the main sources of data. By borrowing Karl Manheim's analysis through the theory of meaning, this research concluded that the Mbawa community has held the principle of mori sama because they basically come from one ancestor. Then after Islam and other religions entered the Donggo area, the Mbawa people began to separate themselves by determining their own beliefs. Second, the understanding of Donggo Mbawa Islamic religious leaders and the community towards the verses of tolerance is realized in the form of mutual respect, appreciation, and acceptance of every difference that exists. For example, events that are held in the village, such as weddings, circumcisions, taste prayers, pilgrimage prayers, Kasaro ceremonies and also when celebrating religious holidays. Third, the meaning of the verses of tolerance in the understanding of Islamic religious leaders and also the Mbawa community in general is based on the hereditary principle, namely the principle of mori sama.

Language sociologists propose some factors contributing to the choice of a language over the other. These factors include economic, social, political, educational, and demographic factors. Other language scientists mention religious, values and attitudinal factors. What is real choice is there for those who use lesser-used script, such as Arabic script for Malay and Bahasa Indonesia, in a community where most people use a major national script, i.e. Latin script to write their language. How do economic, political, religious, educational, and demographic factors influence the choice of use of script for a language?

Using natural fibers as reinforcement in polymer composite materials provides several advantages because of their low density, biodegradability, and easy recycling. However, its mechanical properties are still below that of synthetic fibers. Therefore, to improve the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced biocomposite, combining it with synthetic fiber co-reinforcement is necessary. This article studies a laminated hybrid biocomposite reinforced coconut coir and synthetic fibres using an epoxy resin matrix. Hybrid biocomposite is formed by hand layup using reinforcing coconut fibre, with various synthetic fibers in the namely E-glass, synthetic fabric, and rubber sheet. The reinforcement is laid out with various variations, namely HBK-1, HBK-2, and HBK-3. Impact strength, hardness and density tests were carried out to study the characteristics of the hybrid biocomposite. The impact test results show that the HBK-1 variant has the highest impact strength of 0.05 J/mm2. Meanwhile, hardness testing and density measurements showed that the HBK-3 variant produced the highest values, 14.96 HB and 1.29 g/cm3. The test results show that the basic material properties of each co-reinforcement and the number of layers affect the impact strength and hardness of the hybrid biocomposite. The research results show that innovative coconut fibre will be beneficial for the development of biocomposite material technology and environmental aspects

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOROGAN METHODS FOR SANTRI ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL IN CLASSICAL ISLAMIC BOOK (KITAB KUNING). This study is to investigate the quality of students' literacy of Kitab Kuning through the Sorogan method. To collect the data, observation was conducted in twenty Pesantren in West Java and in-depth interviews with Kiai, santri, alumni, and some local societies around the pesantren. The data collected was then analyzed with a descriptive narrative. This study found that the level of santri’s literacy to understand Kitab Kuning decreased. It was aligned with the change of teaching methods from the Sorogan to the classical method. This issue has a negative impact on the process of transferring knowledge such as misconception to understand Islamic law.

# Background Facility readiness is an important prerequisite for providing safe, effective childbirth care. This study assesses the readiness of health facilities in Ethiopia to provide childbirth services, describes variations in geographic access to service-ready facilities, and evaluates how facility readiness relates to childbirth service usage with a lens on equity. # Methods The study used cross-sectional data from a nationally representative sample of households in Ethiopia linked with data from health facilities serving the same areas. We explored variation in childbirth service readiness across facilities and classified facilities as "service-ready" if they had a readiness score of 0.75 or higher on a 0-1 scale. We used logistic regression modeling to examine the odds of residing within 10 kilometers of a service-ready facility by socioeconomic and geographic characteristics, and the odds of a facility delivery given the readiness of nearby facilities. # Results Childbirth service readiness was generally high for hospitals (median score: 0.92) with minimal variation (interquartile range, IQR: 0.88 to 0.96). Health centers and clinics displayed lower and more variable readiness (median: 0.75, IQR: 0.66 to 0.84). In both crude and adjusted regression analyses, odds of residing within 10 kilometers of a service-ready facility were significantly greater for women with higher education levels, greater wealth, and urban residence. We found the adjusted odds of using facility childbirth services were 1.23 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.48) times greater for each 0.10-unit increase in the readiness level of nearby facilities. # Conclusions Access to childbirth care is not equal for Ethiopian women. Those living in rural areas and the poor must travel farther to reach facility childbirth services, and the nearest facilities serving these women were less prepared to provide quality care. This may contribute to lower service utilization by such disadvantaged groups of women.

Tik Tok has been considered as an attention grabbing alternative social media platform for the millennial generation as a way to convey and receive religious messages, especially Quranic messages. The use of TikTok as a new medium has also given birth to the current trend of learning the Qur’an. This study attempts to explain the impact of Quranic content on Tiktok on Quran learning. In the academic realm, this research seeks to contribute to discussions on the study of the Qur’an in its relation to social media. Using Ahmad Rafiq’s reception theory of the Qur’an and Gary R. Bunt’s theory of cyber Islamic environments, this qualitative research concludes the following points; first, the Quranic-related contents on TikTok comprise of several typologies, such as; quotes, interpretations, completing Quranic verses, tajwid, tahsin, qira’ah or recitations, lectures, news, stories, daily practices, murattal, rasm or manuscripts, the virtues of Quranic verses, memorization, guessing surahs, tips, and duets. Second, at the beginning of 2020, during the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, there had been an increased use of TikTok among people from various circles, ranging from the general public, celebrities, businessmen, preachers and others. Some preachers had been using TikTok as one of the learning media for the millennial generation. Third, TikTok had enabled creators of Quranic-related content to convey Quranic messages through Quranic content videos to be responded by netizens in the comments column. In this context, they started to turn to TikTok for religious advice and to answer some of their religious questions.

Objectives As mobile phone ownership becomes more widespread in low-income and middle-income countries, mobile phone surveys (MPSs) present an opportunity to collect data on health more cost-effectively. However, selectivity and coverage biases in MPS are concerns, and there is limited information about the population-level representativeness of these surveys compared with household surveys. This study aims at comparing the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents of an MPS on non-communicable disease risk factors to a household survey in Colombia.Design Cross-sectional study. We used a random digit dialling method to select the samples for calling mobile phone numbers. The survey was conducted using two modalities: computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATIs) and interactive voice response (IVR). The participants were assigned randomly to one of the survey modalities based on a targeted sampling quota stratified by age and sex. The Quality-of-Life Survey (ECV), a nationally representative survey conducted in the same year of the MPS, was used as a reference to compare the sample distributions by sociodemographic characteristics of the MPS data. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the population representativeness between the ECV and the MPSs.Setting The study was conducted in Colombia in 2021.Participants Population at least 18 years old with a mobile phone.Results We completed 1926 and 2983 interviews for CATI and IVR, respectively. We found that the MPS data have a similar (within 10% points) age–sex data distribution compared with the ECV dataset for some subpopulations, mainly for young populations, people with none/primary and secondary education levels, and people who live in urban and rural areas.Conclusions This study shows that MPS could collect similar data to household surveys in terms of age, sex, high school education level and geographical area for some population categories. Strategies are needed to improve representativeness of the under-represented groups.

The determinants of fertility typically feature demand as the key motivation driver for contraceptive use. Yet relatively little is known about the extent to which demand for contraception predicts future contraceptive use, primarily due to the lack of longitudinal data that captures these measures at different time points. Two ways in which demand is often measured are unmet need and intention to use. Despite its intended use as a population measure, unmet need is commonly used in individual-level analyses and as a marker for individual-level demand for contraception. Few studies have assessed the extent to which unmet need predicts or reflects women's true latent demand as demonstrated by their future contraceptive use; the same is true for intention to use contraception in the future. We expand on previous research to assess whether and the degree to which unmet need and intention to use contraception predict adoption of contraception within a year, among nonusers in ten representative geographies using Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) data. Findings show that in nine of ten sites, intention to use within a year was significantly associated with subsequent adoption, while in eight of ten sites, unmet need for spacing or limiting was not associated with adoption. Our results are important for programs as they try to identify true dynamic demand for contraception.

Ocean acidification is caused mainly by atmospheric carbon dioxide stored in the ocean. Ocean acidification is considered a major threat to aquatic life, and how it influences the abundance of marine fish larvae is still unclear. This research was designed to measure the current ocean acidification scenario of the Cox's Bazar coast of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, and its probable influence on the abundance of fish larvae. Three research stations were selected: Bakkhali river estuary, Naf river estuary, and Rezu Khal. Monthly sampling was done, and larvae sample was collected from the surface water column (depth: 0.5 m) using a bongo net. Water parameters such as temperature, salinity, total alkalinity, and pH were determined using laboratory protocol. The seacarb package of the R programming language was used to determine ocean acidification factors. The Bakkhali river estuary showed the highest partial carbon dioxide (143.99 ± 102.27 μatm) and the lowest pH (8.27 ± 0.21). A total of 19 larvae families were identified, and the highest larval count was found in Rezu Khal (390 larvae/1000 m3), while the lowest was found in the Bakkhali river (3 larvae/1000 m3). Clupeidae, Myctophidae, and Engraulidae comprised more than 50% of the identified larvae. Blenniidae, Carangidae, Clupeidae, Engraulidae, and Gobiidae were found in all three seasons. Most of the larvae families showed the highest mean abundance under less pCO2. A negative correlation was observed between larvae and acidification factors such as pCO2, HCO3−, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The study revealed that acidification parameters of the Cox's Bazar coast were not in an acute state for the aquatic organisms' survival, but fish larvae abundance could be declined with raises in the partial carbon dioxide. The results of this study may aid in developing a management plan for conserving Bangladesh's marine and coastal fish.

UIN Raden Intan Lampung is committed to building eco-campus management, due to its increasingly widespread occurrence of pollution and damage environment in Indonesia. This research question is formulated as follows: What are the efforts of UIN Raden Intan Lampung in implementing Eco Campus management? From the research results, it was found that first, efforts to build awareness of the academic community to protect the campus environment by launching a sustainable development program, issuing regulations regarding the environment, forming a Sustainable and Environmentally Minded Campus Development team, and carrying out environmental outreach. Second, student involvement in protecting the campus environment. Through the Environmental Ambassador program, Third, the involvement of lecturers and employees in their participation in protecting the campus environment, by participating in the EMA (Environmental Management Awards) program. Lecturers and employees play an active role in preserving the campus environment. Fourth, the involvement of cleaning staff in their participation in protecting the campus environment. Maintaining the campus environment, maintaining air and water circulation, and waste management, are continuously promoted so that the campus environment remains clean, beautiful, and cool