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Energy Efficiency of the Carbonate Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Microwave Heating Treatment and Its Effect on Material Characteristics
- Source :
- Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 238-249 (2024)
- Publication Year :
- 2024
- Publisher :
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2024.
-
Abstract
- This work aimed to study the energy efficiency of the synthesis process of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) nanoparticles using microwave heating treatment and its effect on material characteristics. Microwaves can provide heat quickly, so it is expected to increase the efficiency of CHA synthesis through the heat provided. The CHA nanoparticles were synthesized using precipitation and heated using a microwave oven. The unheated and hydrothermal-heated precipitation methods were also conducted for comparison purposes. The microwave-heated precipitations were done at 270 W for 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 h, while the hydrothermal-heated precipitations were done at 100 °C for 1, 2, and 3 h. The CHA materials were characterized using an infrared spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer, and electron microscope. The X-ray diffractogram and infrared spectra confirmed that the synthesized materials had a hydroxyapatite crystal phase with a CO32− functional group in their spectra. Microscopic images revealed that the materials were nanometer-sized grain aggregates. The heat treatment and duration increased the material characteristics, i.e., crystallinity, crystallite, and grain size. The CHA with microwave heat treatment had the highest crystallinity and crystallite size. The electrical energy calculation revealed microwave heating had better energy efficiency than hydrothermal heating.
- Subjects :
- carbonate
efficiency
hydroxyapatite
microwave
nanoparticles
Chemistry
QD1-999
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14119420 and 24601578
- Volume :
- 24
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.b0902997c32a4619a11933ea505c7d00
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.88155