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High liquid content is obtained in the T-junction side arm, which affects the operational performance of downstream equipment installed in offshore petroleum industries. Diameter ratio, velocity ratio, and side arm angle of T-junction play dynamic role to control phase redistribution. The effect of these parameters on liquid take-offs is unclear from literature, without any agreement among researchers. Literature only provides empirical correlations valid for one specific application for which the correlations were developed. There is a dire need of correlations with high accuracies to conclude the effect of a certain variable on liquid carryovers based on available data. Objectives of this study are to collect data from multiple research publications, develop easy to use correlations, and to study parameters response surfaces. Plot digitization and Design Expert software are utilized for data collection and statistical analysis, respectively. Results depicted that phase separation improves by reducing diameter ratio to 0.33 and upward inclined side arm. Furthermore, liquid carryovers escalate by increasing velocity ratio and decrease at higher velocity ratios. This research study is first attempt in last few decades which is based on collection of data from different experimentation facilities and eliminating confusions among researchers about effect of parameters on phase separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to explore the adding effect of Opuntia Ficus Indica extract (OFI) to Tris extender preserved of Awassi rams semen characteristics. This study was carried out at the Animal Farm of the Animal Production Department / College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/ University of Baghdad. Semen was extended using Tris extender with adding different concentrations of OFI extract which were 0% (control group), 0.5% (T1), 1% (T2), and 3% (T3). The effect of additives was studied during different preservation periods 0, 24, and 48 hours at 5°C. Adding 1% of OFI extract significantly increased (P≤0.05) individual sperm motility at different time post- cooling. While adding 0.5, 1, and 3% of OFI extract decreased sperm’s abnormality after 24 hours post-cooling. Also, using 0.5 and 1% of OFI extract improved plasma membrane integrity at 24 and 48 hours post-cooling. The sperm viability significantly increase (P≤0.05) in T2 group at zero time and after 24 hours post-cooling. This study proved that adding 3% of OFI extract to diluted Awassi rams semen may be lead to sperm damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has been conducted at College of Agriculture, university of Baghdad with cooperation of High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Al-Nahrain University and Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center to investigate the effect of adding different concentration of selenium and cysteine to the ram semen extender to enhance the post freezing semen characteristics. Four awassi ram were used in this study, the semen was collected with artificial vagina as one ejaculate/ram/week, The microscope tests of semen were processed before cooling, and the tris solution was used to dilute samples as the percentage of 1:1 as well. The Semen samples were pooling and the final dilution as the percentage of 1:10 was completed. the samples were then divided into seven parts, control, cysteine (5,10,15mmol) and selenium( 1,2,4μg) in 5C and the dilution completed to 1:20 with adding glycerol 5% to each 100ml of dilution. all these would be left 2 hours to get the equilibrium periods, then sample exposed to the nitrogen vapor for 10 minutes before immersed in liquid nitrogen. After two months the sample would levered up and thawed in water bath. The results could be briefed as follows: cysteine 5mmol and selenium 1μg overlapped all others treatments in all studying characteristics (sperm motility, plasma integrity, dead sperm, DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial apoptosis) compared to other concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of both time (1-2-3) and temperature (15-30- 37°C) during the transfer of ovaries from the slaughterhouse to the laboratory on the percentages of mortality and abnormality of oocytes and ovarian follicles. This study was performed using ewes slaughtered in the local slaughterhouse. The study was conducted at the College of Agriculture, University of Qadisiyah. 130 sheep ovaries were collected and the mortality percentages of oocytes and follicles were assessed using the trypan blue stain. The percentage of abnormality was also calculated in oocytes. Histological sections were carry out to recorded abnormality percentages in ovarian follicles. The results of this study showed a significant decrease (P d"0.05) in the percentage of oocytes and ovarian follicles abnormalities in the transport of ovaries in one hour and under 37 ° C, while the duration of transport 3 hours and 15°C showed the highest percentage of abnormality and mortality of oocytes. primordial, primary and secondary ovarian follicles mortality and abnormality percentages recorded lest percentage when transported ovaries in one hour and under 15°C, while recorded transport time 3 hours and 15 ° C higher percentage of primary ovarian follicles and (P £0.05) in the percentage of abnormality of tertiary ovarian follicles, while the transport time at 1 h and 37°C showed significantly decrease(P £0.05) in the percentage of the tertiary ovarian follicles. In this study, we conclude that the temperature of 37°C and one hour was the best in the transfer of ovaries to the vitality and deformities of oocytes and ovarian follicles while the temperature of 150C and one hour for the best rate of vitality and abnormality of ovarian follicular pre-vesicular fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]