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Public speaking anxiety (PSA) is a common social phobia. Although cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice, difficulties arise with both in vivo and in vitro exposure (lack of therapist control, patient's inability to imagine, self-flooding, and a lack of confidentiality resulting from public exposure). Virtual reality CBT (VRCBT) enables a high degree of therapist control, thus overcoming these difficulties. In a previous publication, the authors reported on their findings that VRCBT (n = 28) and CBT (n = 30) groups were significantly more effective than a wait-list control (WLC; n = 30) group in anxiety reduction on four of five anxiety measures as well as on participant's self-rating of anxiety during a behavioral task. No significant differences were found between VRCBT and CBT. However, twice as many clients dropped out of CBT (15) than from VRCBT (6). Results demonstrated that VRCBT is an effective and brief treatment regimen, equal to CBT. This brief report examined durability of these changes. They found that both VRCBT (25) and CBT (24) groups maintained their improvement from post treatment to follow-up, on all five measures. In addition, they found that the CBT group continued to improve from post treatment to follow-up on Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) fear. Thus, treatment gains were maintained at a 1-year follow-up. (Contains 1 table.)

Public speaking anxiety (PSA) is a common phobia. Although cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is preferred, difficulties arise with the exposure component (lack of therapist control, patient's inability to imagine, self-flooding, loss of confidentiality resulting from public exposure). Virtual reality CBT (VRCBT) enables a high degree of therapist control, thus overcoming these difficulties. This study examined whether VRCBT is an alternative to CBT. Participants with PSA were randomly assigned to VRCBT (28 participants), CBT (30 participants), and wait list control (WLC; 30 participants). VRCBT and CBT were significantly more effective than WLC in anxiety reduction on four of five anxiety measures, and on subject's self-rating of anxiety during a behavioral task. No significant differences were found on observer ratings of the behavioral task. However, twice as many participants dropped out from CBT than from VRCBT. Our results demonstrated that VRCBT is an effective and brief treatment regimen, equal to CBT. (Contains 4 tables and 1 figure.)

This study interviewed 39 mothers of young children with autism of whom 19 reported their children had experienced developmental regression, especially in verbal and non-verbal communication and social skills. Mean age of regression was 24 months. There was little difference between children who regressed and those who did not in maternal perceptions and reports of development, family, or medical history. (Contains references.) (Author/DB)

A study of the effect of teachers' asymmetric perceptions of girls and boys on 147 Jewish Israeli second and sixth graders' (78 males and 69 females) perceptions of student prominence in school relevant categories found that students judged more boys as prominent. Same-sex peers were also judged prominent. (JB)

Online sexual behavior may be more completely explained by integrating a Pull Factor analysis, centering on the characteristics of the Internet that make it an appealing outlet for sexuality (e.g., 'Triple A Engine') and a Push Factor analysis, centering on characteristics of the offline world that disallow fulfillment of sexual desires. This new framework is utilized in explaining paraphilic (unconventional) sexualities online. Because paraphilics are members of highly concealable, horizontal and rare sexual minorities, they are pushed online by mainstream society. Online, paraphilics interact with similar others, and through lurking, re-learning and self-disclosing, may become sexually empowered. Clinical ramifications of attainment of positive sexual-social identity via empowerment are discussed, as are possible affects on public policy, doi: 10.1300/J082v51 n03_05 [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: Website: KEYWORDS. Internet, paraphilia, push factors, lurking, re-learning, self disclosure, sexual empowerment, fetish, sexual minorities, social identity

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, a total of 17,804 participants from 62 cultural regions completed the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), a self-report measure of adult romantic attachment. Correlational analyses within each culture suggested that the Model of Self and the Model of Other scales of the RQ were psychometrically valid within most cultures. Contrary to expectations, the Model of Self and Model of Other dimensions of the RQ did not underlie the four-category model of attachment in the same way across all cultures. Analyses of specific attachment styles revealed that secure romantic attachment was normative in 79% of cultures and that preoccupied romantic attachment was particularly prevalent in East Asian cultures. Finally, the romantic attachment profiles of individual nations were correlated with sociocultural indicators in ways that supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment and basic human mating strategies. Keywords: romantic attachment; culture; internal working models; human mating strategies

By focusing on the inequalities that exist between men and women as a result of culture, ethnicity, religion, legislation, etc., the New View of Women's Sexual Problems brings to the forefront the social inequalities that may produce sexual dysfunction in women in Israel. In addition, the rights to sexual information, comprehensive sexual education and appropriate sexual health care have not been recognized in Israel. The field of sexology in Israel is also relatively young and underdeveloped. Therefore, the New View of Women's Sexual Problems' focus is extremely relevant for sexologists and sex therapists working in Israel. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: Website: KEYWORDS. Israel, women's sexual problems, sexology, sex therapy

Immigrants from the US and other English speaking nations greatly influenced the Israeli feminist movement in 1970, which was the period when women's studies in the land gained composure by evolving classical texts depicting women's struggles and through liberalization of higher educational institutions to offer women's studies courses in subjects such as social sciences. Enhanced status of women's studies has helped mitigate bias against women, prevalent in the Israeli psyche, and has thereby provided the foundation for an egalitarian Israeli society.

The association between sexual disorders and psychological functioning was investigated in this study. Seventy-eight subjects who applied for sex therapy were divided into the following groups: Sexual Desire (SDD) and Erectile Disorder; Orgasm (ORG) and Premature ejaculation (PME) disorders. Fifty-six sexually functional subjects served as matched controls. The MMPI was administered to all subjects. The results indicated that the SDD and Erectile groups produced the most disturbed profiles, while the ORG and PME groups yielded profiles within normal limit (WNL). A good fit of individual to group profiles was found for SDD, but not for PME and ORG; thus, clinical interpretation was possible for the former only.

Contrasts results of studies examining sex differences in intellectual functioning in the U.S. and Israel, in cities and on Kibbutzes. Findings indicate cross-cultural and intracultural influences challenge validity of theories that suggest a biological basis for sex differences in intellectual abilities. (SA)

Concerns about the impact of online sexual activities (OSA) on work-life are drastically increasing. This study examined 3,466 respondents who reported OSA, 18.5% of whom reported engaging in OSA at work. They were compared with the 81.5% who engaged in OSA at home, on average time spent in OSA, workplace policies regarding OSA, and relationship status. Two themes were identified and discussed: opportunity and sexual distress. Our findings indicate that participants are cognizant of issues of opportunity (e.g., the OSA from home group was more likely to indicate their workplace has established policies regarding OSA), and privacy, representing an important aspect of this theme (e.g., participants engaging in OSA at work were found to be twice as likely to have extra-marital affairs, compared with the OSA from home group). Secondly, our data suggests that many participants, especially from the OSA at work group, experience OSA-related distress. Engaging in OSA at the workplace may result in decreased productivity, issues of sexual harassment, and concerns about employee well-being. Clearly stated and consistently enforced policies regulating OSA are likely to mitigate workplace OSA. However, a significant minority of employees may have difficulties curbing OSA. Therefore, more sophisticated strategies to deal with workplace OSA should be established. Additional implications of importance for organizations and mental health professionals who support them are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the influence of social inequalities to the sexual functioning of women in Israel. Details on the lack of sexual education and sexual health care among women; Information on the rights of women in obtaining abortion; Discussions on the field of sexology.

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of training mothers in operant conditioning techniques in comparison with other treatment procedures in improving the quantity of homework behavior. Forty-four boys and girls in grades 3 and 4 of two Israeli schools and their mothers participated in the program. Four treatment groups were compared: Operant--direct contingent intervention; Psychotherapy--indirect noncontingent intervention; Feedback; and Control. The Operant group was significantly more successful than the other groups in facilitating both quantity and quality of homework behavior. In addition, the Feedback group also showed improvement in homework behavior. These data provide support for the usefulness of training mothers within a group setting as behavioral managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]