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The Internet of Things has evolved as one of the most promising evolutional technologies, and it is gradually being recognized as a quotidian life necessity. It is based on the interconnection of several devices with the goal of simplifying everyday operations through monitoring, remote control, or the creation of smart environments with the goal of reducing the need for human interaction. This paper proposes the application of IoT concept with a savvy boat for monitoring and controlling the quality of swimming pools through a low-cost system based on wireless sensors and actuators which can minimize the number of people needed to maintain a swimming pool. This is very important issue since the improper use of fresh water in daily activities is nowadays a major concern, as well as the need to keep records of water quality in intended to notify the user about potential risk situations. The major goal of this system is to give financial and natural resource savings to the end user, resulting in a more sustainable environment. An Android mobile application was created to allow users to remotely monitor and manage the parameters of a swimming pool in real time, allowing for faster data analysis and the establishment of thresholds for each parameter so that the user is notified when the imposed limitations are exceeded. Some gadgets can be controlled remotely in one of two ways: manually or automatically. Moreover, this savvy boat has a net in front of it to clean the pool on the surface of the water from leaves and wastes and so on which is controlled through a remote control. The material used is a lightweight aluminum with mechanical and electric parts integrated with each other. In fact, this smart boat is qualified to serve as an assistant security guard for swimming pools because it has the characteristics that make it unique and smart.

Impact tests are the most common tests for high-strength materials. These tests not only specify the rigidity of the component but also determine the life expectancy of a machine part. Therefore, i...

Plumeria rubra (L.) is a traditional folkloric medicinal herb used to treat cardiovascular disorders. The present investigation was methodically planned to investigate the pharmacological foundations for the therapeutic effectiveness of P. rubra in cardiovascular illnesses and its underlying mechanisms. Ex vivo vaso-relaxant effects of crude leaf extract of P. rubra were observed in rabbit aorta ring preparations. Hypotensive effects were measured using pressure and force transducers connected to the Power Lab data acquisition system. Furthermore, P. rubra displayed cardioprotective properties in rabbits when they were exposed to adrenaline-induced myocardial infarction. In comparison to the intoxicated group, the myocardial infarction model showed decreased troponin levels, CK-MB, LDH, ALT, ALP, AST, and CRP, as well as necrosis, apoptosis, oedema, and inflammatory cell enrollment. P. rubra has revealed good antioxidant properties and prolonged the noradrenaline intoxicated platelet adhesion. Its anticoagulant, vasorelaxant, and cardioprotective effects in both in vivo and ex vivo investigations are enabled by blocking L-type calcium channels, lowering adrenaline, induced oxidative stress, and tissue tear, justifying its therapeutic utility in cardiovascular disorders.

The aim of this study is to investigate the boiler tube failure mechanism using finite element analysis and experimental Analysis. The numerical software used is ANSYS steady-state thermal and static structural analysis. The independent variable for the analysis is temperature from flue gas and wall thickness of boiler tube. The scope of the study is to determine the temperature distribution, von mises stress, deformation and safety factor by implemented design of experiment. The material of boiler tube sketch in two dimensional for simulation is SA210 Grade C. this is standard requirements for the boiler made of seamless medium-carbon steel with superheater tubes according to ASTM. From the result and discussion, the potential of failure mechanism will determine upon independent variables. In addition, hoop stress or circumference stress will help to support the statement of failure of boiler tube.

This study attempts to identify the reality of using AR technology by secondary school female teachers in Abha City from their perspective and attitudes towards AR. The study used a questionnaire as an instrument for data collection. The study utilized the descriptive-analysis approach, and the sample comprised 298 teachers, who were selected randomly. The study indicated that the reality of using AR in teaching for secondary school female teachers achieved a high score of (3.82) from their point of view. Furthermore, the study showed that female teachers' attitudes toward using AR were positive and with a high degree (4.32). Additionally, the study showed that there were statistically significant differences (0.05 α ≤) in the reality of secondary school female teachers' use of AR in teaching due to the variable (Age and Courses). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the use of AR among female teachers because of the variables (Years of experience and Specialization). Based on the most important results, the study recommended the necessity to train female teachers to produce, design, and employ augmented reality content in the educational process and to work scientifically to overcome the obstacles they face in utilizing augmented reality technology in their teaching. Received: 25 February 2023 / Accepted: 20 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is crucial in keeping nurses aware of the current knowledge and improving clinical decision-making. The integration of nurses’ EBP competencies and organizational support has been suggested to create an effective arena in implementing EBP. The purpose of the study was to examine organizational factors influencing nurses’ EBP knowledge, attitudes, and implementation and identify staff nurses’ perceptions of EBP nursing leadership and hospital supports in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from a convenience sample of staff nurses (N = 227) working in four hospitals using a cross-sectional, correlational descriptive design. Level of education (p < 0.05), EBP training (p < 0.05), unit type (ICU (p < 0.001) and ER (p < 0.01)), perceived nursing leadership (p < 0.001), and work environment (p < 0.05) supports were found significantly associated with nurses’ knowledge. Magnet recognition (p < 0.01) and knowledge (p < 0.001) had significant influence on nurses’ attitudes. Unit type (ER) (p < 0.05), knowledge (p < 0.001), and attitudes (p < 0.001) were associated with implementation. Encouragement to attend EBP trainings from nursing leadership was perceived by most nurses (51.1%). Nurses reported their hospitals support EBP through training (68.2%). Findings support the need for healthcare systems to create a culture that facilitates EBP implementation to enhance nurses’ EBP competencies and improve patients’ outcomes. Nursing managers may consider preparing nurses through education.

To explore factors associated with frequency of performing pressure injury prevention measures among a sample of intensive care units' nurses.Pressure injuries may be unavoidable in specific circumstances; however, most pressure injuries may be considered preventable. Nursing actions at the point of care play a significant role in shaping pressure injury prevention.A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was used. Using convenience sampling method, 162 intensive care units' nurses were recruited from three hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The participants completed a survey that included Nurses' Practice of Pressure Ulcer Prevention Questionnaire, Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool, Attitude toward Pressure Ulcer Prevention, Pressure Ulcer Prevention Barriers instrument, and Intention to Use Pressure Injury Preventive Measures instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Nurses lack of knowledge about pressure injury preventions. However, they possessed positive attitudes toward pressure injury preventions. Nurses faced some barriers to prevent pressure injuries. Most nurses agreed that there was social pressure to prevent pressure injury. They had an intention to use preventive measures to prevent pressure injury. Nurses performed pressure injury prevention frequently. The bivariate and multivariate analyses showed only barriers to prevent pressure injury were negatively associated with frequency of performing pressure injury prevention.Several factors that may influence ICU nurses' behavior to perform PIPs have been identified. The participants reflected positive attitude, positive social pressure, and intention to perform PIPs. Nevertheless, they need to improve their knowledge of PIPs and reduce the barriers prevented them from performing PIPs.

Over the past two decades, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have undergone considerable development. There have been various applications in medicine and dentistry. Their application in orthodontics has progressed slowly, despite promising results. The available literature pertaining to the orthodontic applications of AI and ML has not been adequately synthesized and reviewed. This review article provides orthodontists with an overview of AI and ML, along with their applications. It describes state-of-the-art applications in the areas of orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, growth evaluations, and in the prediction of treatment outcomes. AI and ML are powerful tools that can be utilized to overcome some of the clinical problems that orthodontists face daily. With the availability of more data, better AI and ML systems should be expected to be developed that will help orthodontists practice more efficiently and improve the quality of care.

Functional graded materials (FGMs) are widely used for hip plant component materials because of their specific properties in a specific design to meet the requirements of the hip joint system. Stem is manufactured with the concept of making new FGM using three different composition of Ti, CrCo, and HA. This has led to the development of a suitable design for functional femoral parts that can be used for a long time. The new FGM design has helped to reduce the protection of the stress and the associated stress that exists on the interface. After changing in composition of FGM, the natural frequency and deformation response exhibited by our model were quite satisfactory. The deflection comes out to be 0.33 mm at the frequency of 15 Hz. The equivalent von Mises stress is found to be 19.5 MPa. These values are closely matching with previous studied. Fatigue study was carried based on “Goodman” theory. This gave promising results. The safety factor found is more than one, which indicates that the part is safe under design. The anticipated life of stem model is 0.3284 × 10 5 cycle.

Springs are one of the most popular means of mechanically storing and issuing energy, and they can be found in a wide variety of machines and products. Most springs are made of metal, and nowadays, there are many new alloys to choose from, but nonmetallic materials, such as the reinforced plastics and ceramics, have been appearing worldwide. The research problem is the performance for circular cross-sectional springs with the same geometry and manufactured with three different materials: steel, composite, and functionally graded material (FGM) under stable loading using finite element analysis. This paper intends to guide mechanical designers in considering different material options for a spring design as well as to provide a methodology through finite element analysis for selecting the most favorable material option for the application required. The findings of this research show that some feature performances of compression springs made of carbon steel are improved by using FGM and composite materials. Enhanced capabilities include higher load to failure: 1.48 times in an FGM spring and 1.1 times in a composite spring, as well as increased energy storage: 1.53 times in an FGM spring and 6.84 times in a composite spring and less weight representing only 61% in an FGM spring and 24% in a composite spring.

This paper presents an innovative utility of Functionally Graded Aluminum Matrix Composite (FGAMC) with Silicon Carbide as a friction material in clutches since having an acceptable friction coefficient and high wear resistance. FGAMC’s properties were calculated using rule-of-mixture and power law, represented by layered geometry. FGAMC’s behavior is examined considering statics, dynamics, thermal and wear. Analyses were done using Finite Element method, by ANSYS. Results are discussed by comparing FGAMC’s clutch to Aluminum matrix composite with 20% of Silicon Carbide clutch and E-glass clutch. Clutches design based on the common size and working conditions of clutches in mid-size and heavy automobiles. Most analyses revels FGAMC’s clutch has higher strain than AMC’s clutch with less deformation in thickness direction and less stresses. FGAMC’s clutch has higher mass leading to lower first natural frequency but with low resulted deformations. Transient analyses showed 10 times fewer maximum deformations for FGAMC’s clutch than AMC and E-glass with lower strains and higher stress but in much less area for FGAMC’s clutch. Wear which indicates working life of a clutch, have been studied using Archard Wear Equation in ANSYS, FGAMC’s clutch has 10 times lower wear with much less affected area compared to AMC and E-glass. Thermal analysis results of the three clutches are close to each other with 0.07 watts between FGAMC’s and AMC’s clutches, and 0.03 watts between FGAMC’s and E-Glass’s clutches.

Engine Shafts are a very critical component of Automotive and Aerospace. Their basic purpose is to transmit power by rotation. They suppose various parts like gears and pulleys, and they are supported by bearings, which reside in the rigid machine housing. In their operation, the shafts rotate and hence they are subjected to Torsion and Bending moments. Hence, it is critical for us to choose the best material and the surface treatment process to provide optimum performance for the shaft. The primary aspects to keep into consideration while choosing a material pertaining to surface selection are Wear Resistance and Corrosion resistance. It has been shown how the selection of shaft material affects these two factors. The shafts of 3 types of materials have been discussed in the paper, a homogeneous one, a composite material, and FGM. The best material considered is FGM for the optimum operation of the automotive engine shaft.

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. To assure survival, early access to health care, and the requirement of advanced treatment is necessary, which requires recognition of the warning symptoms of the IHD. The current study aimed to assess awareness of Saudis regarding different symptoms of heart attack, especially the unusual or unfamiliar ones, and to assess the public need for more education and to obtain high quality of life in our community. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 5,170 individuals from the general Saudi population. Information was obtained from a self-administrated online questionnaire. Data were collected, revised, coded, and then analysed using IBM SPSS version 22. Results: The study included 5,170 participants; more than 96% of the participants were Saudi, and 61.9% were female. Regarding awareness of the signs and symptoms of the cardiac attack, chest pain was recorded by most of the participants (85.9%), followed by dyspnoea (85.1%), palpitation (82.5%), tiredness (71.6%), and fainting (66.9%). In comparison, nausea was the least identified symptom (33.6%). Moreover, 42.9% of the participants had a good awareness level regarding signs and symptoms, with a mean score of 57.6% ± 20.3%. Conclusion: The study indicated that Saudi nationality, female gender, old age, and high education level were the factors that were significantly associated with a good awareness level.

The objective of this paper is to evaluate past and present research efforts, and provide directions for future orthodontic research initiatives. Bibliometric indices show that the highest quality and most impactful research is currently being conducted in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Brazil and Italy. While the quality of orthodontic research has improved substantially over time, more and higher quality randomized controlled trials need to be conducted. Research efforts must be devoted toward developing evidence-based standards of care, which are necessary to protect the orthodontic profession from incursions by charlatans and outside entities. Future research in the areas of genetics, technology, artificial intelligence and craniofacial orthopedics offer great opportunities to advance the profession, individualize treatments and make them more effective and efficient.

OBJECTIVE The primary purpose of this study was to statistically evaluate age, ethnic and sex differences in the prevalence of clinically meaningful malocclusions among adults. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION A random sample of 8804 untreated US adults between 17 and 46 years of age was selected from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. MATERIALS & METHODS Three ethnic (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black and Mexican Americans) and three age (17-26, 27-36 and 37-46 years) groups were evaluated. Subjects with and without clinically meaningful malocclusions were categorized based on the established cut-off values. Chi-square analyses were performed to determine differences in prevalence. RESULTS The prevalence of clinically meaningful mandibular incisor irregularity, overjet and overbite increased significantly (P

The response of elastoplastic nanocomposites in contact with rigid indenter has a lot of importance in engineering applications such as material characterization, Young modulus, Poisson's ratio and strain hardening parameters. With the aim of presenting a predictive model for the loading and unloading response, the problem of contact between elastoplastic composites with stiff spherical indenter was simulated using 2D axisymmetric model implemented in ANSYS. Parametric studies were performed numerically to investigate effects of geometrical and material parameters on the behavior of nanocomposites. Based on the parametric study observation, a normalization procedure is presented to express the loading and unloading responses in a nondimensional form. Three equations were numerically derived by fitting the FE normalized data to predict the loading and unloading responses and the residual indentation depth after unloading for elastoplastic nanocomposite with wide range strain hardening exponent. The predictions of proposed equations were in excellent agreement with experimental results for Al-Al2O3 nanocomposites and also with other experiments available in the literature for nanocomposites and pure metals. Moreover, derived equations were exploited to predict the Rockwell hardness of nanocomposites.

Contact of materials is inevitable in machine environment where a number of elements interact with each other causing impact force and consequent stress and strain at point of contact. The study of this behaviour is essential for machine design applications as it helps to predict life of a particular element as per the amount of stress it can sustain. This study is based on dynamic, fatigue and harmonic analysis of two-beams in contact with a combination of cross-section geometries of the beams. ANSYS, which is a Finite Element Analysis software is used for numerical modelling of stresses and deformations developed within the two-beam system. Three different combination of beam cross-sections were simulated: square-square, circular-circular and square-circular. Under dynamic and fatigue analysis, the results show that the least deformation coupled with the highest fatigue life and safety factor occurs when one beam is square and the other is circular (Square-circular), a slightly higher deformation occurs when two square beams (square-square) interact with each other while the highest deformation occurs when two circular beams interact with each other. This shows that Square cross-section beams have higher bending resistance while circular cross-section beams have low bending resistance and thus higher deformation. Under vibration analyses, due to higher natural frequencies, both the square-square and square-circular section beams show excellent durability and better margin of safety to the same extent during vibration. The results of this work will be useful in enlightening design engineers on the combination of beam cross sections that will give optimum performance in a beam-to-beam system for structural and machine design applications.

The article discusses the study of Vibration Analysis of Generally layered Graphite-Epoxy with lay-up [300 /500 /300 /500 ]. The finite element method is utilized in the study, to analyze the effect of lay-up on the natural frequency and comparing the results with the article[1]. Method: The study is done using Ansys. Graphite-epoxy is considered for the study. The model is prepared from SHELL 281 element which is well-suited for composite shells and sandwiched construction. The accuracy in modeling composite shells is governed by the first-order MindlinReissner shell theory. The element has 8 nodes with 6 degrees of freedom at each node translations in the x, y, and z axes, and rotations about the x, y, and z-axes respectively. Finding: The study concludes that the values of natural frequency decreased when increased the difference between angles of lay-up. Novelty/Applications: Vibration Analysis study has been done in aspects, like sandwiched beam in which different materials are sandhwiched in a layer by layer fashion. Many studies also covers composite material with lay-up in great detail, but there is acute study about the comparision of the different lay-up angles at given boundary condition. These articles cover the same at a greater extent, and conclude that the strength and capacity of composite beams can be enhanced not only by blending composites together, but also giving importance to the arrangement of layers of composite materials.

We present how basic logic gates including nand, nor, and xor gates can be implemented counterfactually. The two inputs (Bob and Charlie) and the output (Alice) of the proposed counterfactual logic gate are not within the same station but rather separated in three different locations. We show that there is no need to prearrange entanglement for the gate, and, more importantly, there are no real physical particles traveling among Alice, Bob, and Charlie during the information processing. Bob and Charlie only need to independently control the blocking and unblocking of the transmission channels that connect them to Alice. In this way, they can completely determine the state of a real photon at Alice's end, thereby leading to implemention of a counterfactual logic gate. The functionality of a particular counterfactual logic gate is determined only by an appropriate design of Alice's optical device. Furthermore, by utilizing the proposed counterfactual logic gates, we demonstrate how to counterfactually prepare the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state and W state with three remote quantum objects, which are in superposition states of blocking and unblocking the transmission channel.

Objective: To identify frequency, causes and outcomes of hospitalisations among adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: A record-based retrospective study was conducted at Aseer Central Hospital for a period of four and half years from January 2012 to June 2016. The study includes adult SLE patients who were diagnosed according to the 1997 SLE criteria. Results: A total of 155 patients (8 males and 147 females) with 251 hospital admissions were included. The average admission rate for all cases was about 2.0 ± 1.0 times. The most commonly recorded causes of admissions were SLE nephritis flare (33.9%), and infections (16.3%). Mortality rate for SLE patients is almost 7.7% and the recorded main causes of death were pulmonary hemorrhage (33.3%), sepsis (25%), bilateral massive pulmonary oedema and pneumonia (8.3% for each). Conclusion: Almost half of adult SLE patients are frequently hospitalized. Female patients and those with associated chronic co-morbidity have more frequent admissions. Consequences of SLE remain the most frequently recorded causes for hospital admission. Pulmonary complications are the main cause for death. Therefore, prompt and aggressive management of pulmonary consequences could markedly reduce disease mortality. Adopting preventive measures such as using prophylactic antibiotics and pneumococcal vaccination, early in the disease course, should be accentuated.

Surfaces are the primary place of contact a biomaterial and its host organism. Surface treatment or coating provides means to overcome the problem which appeared after knee replacement surgery. There are two main problems: stress shielding and subsequent bone remodeling cause bone resorption around the implant especially at the proximal part of the knee under the tibia tray. The other problem is stem tip pain. Therefore, the aim of this investigation is to find a new design of coating material of a cementless total knee replacement using functionally graded material (FGM). In particular, the objective of this research is to find the optimal material compositions as well as the optimal gradation direction. It has been found that using both vertical and horizontal FGM coatings increased the von Mises stress at the proximal part of the tibial cancellous bone. The von Mises stress in cancellous epiphyseal bone was increased by 77 % using vertical and horizontal FGM coating compared to HAP coating. It has been determined that this new coating design will improve the performance of a cementless tibia tray and will increase the life of the knee prosthesis.

Polymer nanocomposites have been envisioned as advanced materials for improving the mechanical performance of neat polymers used in aerospace, petrochemical, environment and energy industries. With the filler size approaching the nanoscale, composite materials tend to demonstrate remarkable thermomechanical properties, even with addition of a small amount of fillers. These observations confront the classical composite theories and are usually attributed to the high surface-area-to-volume-ratio of the fillers, which can introduce strong nanoscale interfacial effect and relevant long-range perturbation on polymer chain dynamics. Despite decades of research aimed at understanding interfacial effect and improving the mechanical performance of composite materials, it is not currently possible to accurately predict the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites directly from their molecular constituents. To overcome this challenge, different theoretical, experimental and computational schemes will be used to uncover the key physical mechanisms at the relevant spatial and temporal scales for predicting and tuning constitutive behaviors in silico, thereby establishing a bottom-up virtual design principle to achieve unprecedented mechanical performance of nanocomposites. A modular-based multiscale modeling approach for viscoelasticity of polymer nanocomposites has been proposed and discussed in this study, including four modules: (A) neat polymer toolbox; (B) interphase toolbox; (C) microstructural toolbox and (D) homogenization toolbox. Integrating these modules together, macroscopic viscoelasticity of polymer nanocomposites could be directly predicted from their molecular constituents. This will maximize the computational ability to design novel polymer composites with advanced performance. More importantly, elucidating the viscoelasticity of polymer nanocomposites through fundamental studies is a critical step to generate an integrated computational material engineering principle for discovering and manufacturing new composites with transformative impact on aerospace, automobile, petrochemical industries.

This paper studies the dynamic viscoelastic response of functionally graded (FG) thick 2D cantilever and simply supported beams under dynamic pulse load, for the first time. A point load applied at a specific spatial point is described as a time-pulse sinusoidal load. Two-dimensional plane-stress constitutive equation is exploited to describe the local stress–strain relation through the beam. The gradation of material is depicted by generalized power law function through the layer thickness across beam thickness. The Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model is proposed to describe material damping of structure. Lagrange’s equation is employed to derive governing motion equation. A finite element method (FEM) is exploited to discretize the spatial domain of 2D beam structure by using 12-node 2D plane element. Numerical Newmark implicit time integration method is proposed to solve the equation of motion incrementally and get the response of beam structure. Two types of boundary conditions are considered in the numerical examples. In numerical results, effects of stacking sequence, geometry parameters and material gradation index and viscoelasticity coefficients on the displacement-time response of layered functionally graded viscoelastic deep beams for different boundary conditions.