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This article analyzes the sketches of Ernesto “Che” Guevara and fellow guerrillas made by the Argentine Ciro Bustos during his captivity in Bolivia in 1967. Many of the references to Bustos in biographies of Guevara and in writings about the latter’s failed Bolivian campaign depict Bustos, because of those sketches, as “the man who betrayed Che.” The tensions and discrepancies in those accounts suggest instead that Bustos’s sketches should be seen not merely as documents of betrayal but as artworks embedded in the period’s wider revolutionary visualities. The article argues that Bustos’s drawing of Che Guevara, who is usually depicted visually as “heroic guerrilla” or “saintly martyr,” introduces an affective, intimate gaze of armed struggle in all its complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El Museo Nacional de Antropología es un dispositivo clave en la construcción de una imagen de México y de poblaciones actuales que son marcadas como los “otros” del sujeto nacional mestizo. Su guión presenta el desarrollo progresivo de algunas “culturas arqueológicas” desde el primer poblamiento hasta su clímax en la sala dedicada al “imperio mexica”, ubicada en posición central, cuya caída suspende la temporalidad de la narrativa en la guerra de conquista, en 1521. En el piso superior, las “culturas etnográficas” son dispuestas como otro tipo de remanente, en contigüidad con los restos del pasado y en una pretendida correspondencia con las culturas arqueológicas. Este artículo pone el foco en otro de sus contenidos, implícito, insinuado en la presentación de restos humanos montados en escenas sacrificiales, una especie de “magia mimética” conjurada con imágenes y discursos arqueológicos, a través de la cual el Estado contemporáneo encarna las potencias soberanas del pasado remoto.

In this article I analyze the tikmũ,ũn recent history through their sacrificial practices and the relationship they establish with the yãmĩyxop (group of singing spirits). As I analyze historically the process of "whitening" the tikmũ,ũn land, which consists of its desertification and reterritorialization through extensive livestock, I observe that there are different territories crossing indigenous and non-indigenous bodies. The article develops two arguments. The first one is that sacrifice mobilizes a construction of the body of the tikmũ,ũn person, which places it on other paths, different from the reterritorialization in agriculture and cattle raising. The second is that if whites and tikmũ,ũn people mobilize different territories in their bodies, this allows me to say that if the point of view is in the body, then possibly it is historical and territorial and, in front of the land, the variable factor is less a culture than a nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union on Directive 92/43, on the conservation of natural habitats and wild fauna, in relation to the hunting of a wolf in Tyrol, Austria. The validity of certain articles of the Directive is questioned and the importance of evaluating the conservation status of species before granting exceptions is highlighted. The need to consider economic criteria when evaluating alternative measures to protect species in a favorable conservation status is emphasized. [Extracted from the article]

The devil on the hills is extremely rich in themes, almost all of Pavese's myths can be found together. The substantial theme is the contrast between city and countryside, as can be deduced, among other things, from the title, but this contrast is enriched with new meanings. The adventure of the three boys is driven at the beginning of the novel by a childish curiosity, by the need for discovery which is identified with the need to touch the limit, to violate the norm, which explains the reason for the nocturnal wanderings. Then, other myths of the Turin's writer are added, such as the bull, the summer heat as a symbol of death, the moon, the hill, the wild. But the fundamental is the initiation into the mystery of life, through which the progressive discovery of a fascinating and forbidden reality takes place. The tension remains in the unconscious of the characters, who are attracted and involved in an affair that transcends their strengths and of which they fail to realize, given that the three boys are the witnesses or passive agents of an abnormal and obscure situation that it is mysterious and transcending them. Then, the word 'feast' is the key word of the novel as the embodiment of what is lost in it. The feast here has something grotesque and dead in it. What gave value to the collective experience of the night and of sex, where the true reality of the great symbols of the earth, the moon, blood and death was revealed, was the ancient feast. Now that it is impossible, sexual and nocturnal visions survive on the edge of men's feast. They uncertainly invade the life of the man who still possesses the sense of festivity, but fails to manifest it through celebrations that are truly savior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se analiza el modo en que la novela de Claudia Hernández, Roza tumba quema (2018), propone una reflexión crítica sobre la guerra y posguerra salvadoreña en la que el sacrificio propio de la militancia del Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN) aparece imbricado con el de la maternidad, dos exigencias marcadas genéricamente que se manifiestan como tensión constante en la madre protagonista, así como en los vínculos madre-hija, hilos conductores de la novela. Siguiendo estos hilos se mostrará el papel crucial que las redes tejidas por las mujeres suponen para la supervivencia de la comunidad, especialmente en contextos de violencia y urgencia revolucionaria.

A morte acompanha os regimes autoritários de ontem e de hoje, como estratégia de seus modi oporandi e de seus sistemas de crença. O autocrata encarna em sua pessoa e promessas uma totalidade salvadora que separa os bons dos maus, os que devem viver e os que devem morrer. A categoria “necropolítica” revela um potencial hermenêutico que permite olhar de modo circular contextos e autores do passado e do presente. A reflexão faz um resgate desses autores e ilumina com suas categorias os governos de ultradireita atuais, tendo como contexto imediato o governo de Jair Messias Bolsonaro concluído em 2022. A legitimação da morte expressa a continuidade política entre os regimes autoritários do passado e do presente com suas lógicas salvadoras violentas. A encarnação do mito salvador na história instaura o tempo e o espaço das rupturas com as normalidades institucionais, quando o parâmetro da vida deixa de ser a máxima que fundamenta a moral e as normas legais. A reflexão seguirá um percurso indutivo: parte da constatação da necropolítica como prática do governo do então presidente Jair Bolsonaro, verifica a lógica da violência e da morte nas redes digitais e expõe a hipótese da legitimação da morte por parte dos regimes autoritários.

Resumo A partir da obra de René Girard, este estudo busca analisar o trote universitário como crise sacrifical que desencadeia práticas de violência fora de controle. Como fundamentação teórica, foram utilizados textos de Pierre Clastres, Arnold Van Gennep e Victor Turner, entre outros. Analisou-se, metodologicamente, o trote universitário a partir das considerações desses autores sobre os ritos violentos, investigando trotes que ocorrem nas universidades brasileiras, como raspar os cabelos, pinturas corporais, “aulas trote”, campanhas universitárias contra o trote e o “trote solidário”. Concluiu-se que são necessárias análises críticas a respeito do trote, para que novas formas de recepção dos estudantes, sem qualquer uso de humilhação, submissão ou violência sejam colocadas em prática pelas universidades.

The biblical characters Cain and Abel, protagonists in Gn 4,1-16, including the subsequent outcome between them, and due to the offering to the One who watched over them diligently, are among the most thought-provoking plots in the Old Testament, which is why we dedicate a brief reflection about the biblical anthropological intelligence observed more closely from the Caimic way of ministering ritual and labor, through which it is possible do compose the extensive formative scenario of related communities as well as imperial territories of the period in question. The vast theoretical repertoire on this biblical theme and the advances in archaeological excavations enhanced our understanding about the Caimic narrative. The animal sacrifice and the offering described in the passage signalize, in their internal antagonism, meaningful changes in the religious system, designating socioeconomical transformations and a theological response to these transformations. Within that framework, a new theological guidance is given to the sacrifice truly expected by the Lord. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo hace un recorrido a través de algunas de las obras de Isabel Romero sobre lo que los relatos heroicos, tanto de la literatura como del cine, nos trasmiten sobre determinados valores y aspectos existenciales fundamentales para nuestro desarrollo personal. Y reflexiona sobre lo poco presente que esta visión de la condición humana forma parte de la psicología, tanto académica como profesional, así como de lo que, tristemente, dichos relatos se alejan cada vez más de la forma de entender la vida en nuestra sociedad actual.

Este trabajo propone articular las categorías de autodestrucción, sacrificio y comunidad con la nouvelle Romance de la negra Rubia (2014) de Gabriela Cabezón Cámara, focalizando en el periplo de la protagonista. Su acción fundamental, quemarse a lo bonzo, se entiende aquí como una experiencia autodestructiva diferente del suicidio. Pensado desde Bataille (2007), y desde la lectura que Espósito hace de Bataille (2006), puede entenderse al sacrificio como evento “fundante” (CABEZÓN CÁMARA, 2014, p. 32), eje en un proceso de subjetivación y afectación que trasciende la dimensión puramente existencial del suicidio como lo entiende Camus en El mito de Sísifo (1942), para pasar a una dimensión colectiva: la posibilidad de la comunidad. A diferencia del martirio cristiano, en el texto de Cabezón Cámara se descentraliza al cuerpo insertándolo en un proceso cuyos efectos para con los otros escapan al individuo que se ofrece como sacrificado: su muerte voluntaria, o la posibilidad de esta muerte, se convierte en un suceso predominantemente político o, más bien, de resistencia política frente a los embates de la violencia estatal articulada con el desalojo como práctica predatoria del capitalismo en su estado actual. La autodestrucción aparece en Cabezón Cámara como mecanismo de resistencia radical, y su instauración como sacrificio, como la posibilidad de fundar una memoria colectiva.

This article studies the use of metaphors around the death of Jesus in the New Testament. The aim is to make a literary contribution to the critical constructions and deconstructions that underlie the discussion about the meaning of this event. To this end, we start from the theory of metaphor offered by philosophers such as Paul Ricoeur, Chantal Maillard and Friedrich Nietzsche, and compare it with the discoveries of exegetes in recent years. In the literary interpretation of these metaphors, the historical use of metaphors is contrasted with the significant openness and poetic vitality in the emergence of these images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many academics find it strange that there is no expression of gratitude or debt from Paul in Phil 4.10-20, in which he expresses joy with the donation from the church to fulfill his needs. Indeed, in Greco-Roman culture, the lack of these terms when speaking about a financial contribution could even be considered an insult. The thesis of this article is that the lack of a "thank you" in Phil 4.10-20 is a deliberate attitude of Paul's, who seeks to transform the habitual social patterns of Philippian Christians by the cultic orientation of the gospel. The apostle does not only omit a "thank you," but also describes the Philippian contribution in a manner that portrays a unique identity, characterized by the heavenly citizenship (Phil 3.20) and partnership for the sake of the gospel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia is the property of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El libro de Números contiene material literario de carácter legislativo que, a primera vista, parece una mera repetición de tradiciones análogas, contenidas en otras partes de la Torá. Una lectura atenta del texto hace pensar que se trata, más bien, de reformulaciones, e incluso de verdaderos complementos de la legislación anterior. El artículo reflexiona sobre la naturaleza del sistema sacrificial del cuarto libro de Moisés, contenido en Números 28 y 29, para comprender su función en relación con el sistema sacrificial del libro del Levítico.

El concepto inclusión desde comienzos del siglo XXI forma parte de una visión compartida a nivel mundial. También en la Iglesia del papa Francisco, la teología de la inclusión constituye una pieza fundamental de su magisterio e inspira muchas de sus decisiones de gobierno. La inclusión dinamiza procesos por los que las sociedades incorporan de forma efectiva y sustantiva a las distintas personas y grupos en la marcha de las mismas tratando de neutralizar las desventajas propias del funcionamiento de los ámbitos políticos, sociales y económicos. El estudio de la legislación de los capítulos 1 a 7 del Levítico que se presenta en este artículo, más allá de la crítica que merece desde nuestra sensibilidad religiosa o ecológica, revela un dinamismo inclusivo que permite hablar del culto sacrificial israelita como un espacio privilegiado de integración de los miembros del conjunto de la sociedad israelita.

Dar aquí interpretación cabal y cumplida de la empresa y de la obra de Heidegger sería un acto ingenuo y un completo fracaso. Quisiera, sin embargo, llamar la atención sobre algunas perspectivas heideggerianas que considero problemáticas, y que han determinado algunos de los caminos que ha emprendido el pensamiento actual sobre el mal. Esas perspectivas o conceptos serían la muerte, la angustia (Angst) y la culpa. Junto a estos tres conceptos, aparecerían otros colindantes, como el Mitsein, la autenticidad o el sacrificio. Lo que aquí nos interesa es leerlos en relación con la cuestión que nos ocupa, esto es, el mal como posibilidad de la existencia humana. Las razones por las que esa posibilidad se ha transformado en violencia hacia otros es lo que queremos explorar en este trabajo.

Joseph Ratzinger es conocido por su competencia en materia litúrgica. El presente artículo ofrece una presentación sintética de su Teología de la liturgia, en la que se pueden percibir implicancias espirituales y pastorales. La introducción muestra el origen biográfico del amor que el teólogo alemán tiene por la celebración del misterio. El desarrollo sigue un recorrido trinitario en que se habla de la liturgia como obra de Cristo, don del Padre y culto en el Espíritu Santo. La conclusión propone, junto con Ratzinger, que la liturgia no sea un ámbito más de la Teología, sino una dimensión que la atraviese por completo.

Traditionally, historians believed that taking captives was a major goal in Mexica warfare, and this tendency has even been given as a reason why the Spanish conquistadors defeated the Mexica. Although historians have largely revised these conclusions, the perception that captives were important to Aztec strategy and warfare persists. In this article I argue that the need for captives was not great enough to affect Aztec military strategy or battlefield conduct. First, rituals only needed a small number of victims, which could easily be acquired through the normal course of battle, and thus did not constitute a specific objective. Second, Mexica strategy focused on economic objectives, rather than captive taking. Finally, individual warriors were not well equipped to take prisoners. Although captives played a vital role in Mexica society, the practice should be thought of as opportunistic, rather than strategic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Signo is the property of Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La formación de un jurista hoy en día pasa necesariamente no sólo por inculcar conocimiento, sino también por potenciar otras habilidades que serán imprescindibles en su práctica profesional.

El proceso de sacrificio es la última etapa de manejo y representa un punto en el que se compromete el bienestar de los bovinos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los indicadores de bienestar animal de bovinos en un rastro Tipo Inspección Federal. Se observó el proceso de sacrificio de 1,167 animales [740 machos (63.8 %) y 420 hembras (36.2 %)] en una planta de sacrificio Tipo Inspección Federal en el noroeste de México. Se registraron variables de manejo y comportamiento, así como indicadores de retorno a la sensibilidad y se caracterizaron los hematomas observados en las canales. El 10 % del ganado recibió descargas eléctricas con picanas, el 24.3 % fue golpeado por los operarios. Se observó arqueamiento de la columna vertebral (44.5 %), el 62.2 % de los animales mostró sensibilidad durante el sangrado. La prevalencia de hematomas fue del 88.8 %. Las hembras tuvieron 1.62 mayor riesgo de sufrir hematomas que los machos y la presencia de cuernos grandes incrementó el riesgo de presentar hematomas 1.46. Las características de los hematomas observados fueron rojo brillante (93.8 %), moteado (71.5 %), pequeño (82.9 %) y grado 1 (95.7 %). La zona más afectada por hematomas fue la dorso-lumbar con un 58.3 %. Se concluyó que los animales incluidos en el presente estudio estuvieron expuestos a condiciones que propician el estrés, entre estos, el uso de la picana eléctrica por los operarios, las conductas indeseables de los bovinos durante el arreo, el aturdimiento ineficaz y la presencia de hematomas en las canales.

O Brasil é o país da América Latina que mais realiza fertilização in vitro. A maior presença de mulheres acima de 40 anos neste mercado indica uma realidade pouco discutida, a fertilização in vitro realizada por meio de óvulos doados. É sobre a doação e a recepção de óvulos que esse artigo se interessa. Nossa inspiração teórica vem da sociologia econômica dos mercados em diálogo com a sociologia das emoções, pois buscamos identificar elementos não-econômicos que sustentam o mercado de doação de óvulos, já que não existe neste uma troca direta em dinheiro. Realizamos mapeamento do marco jurídico do setor e pesquisa de campo em uma importante clínica de reprodução assistida da cidade de Ribeirão Preto, Estado de S. Paulo e realizamos imersão em um grupo fechado do Facebook que trata do tema. Nossos dados indicam que este mercado se sustenta em elementos sociais, culturais e emocionais, como o altruísmo, o sacrifício, o sagrado, dentre outros.

Este artigo propõe uma interpretação do filme Midsommar, do diretor estadunidense Ari Aster, que supostamente recria no seu enredo rituais arcaicos nórdicos (Hårga), com cenas de sacrifício, magia e cópula sagrada. Entendemos que o filme, ao contrário da crítica que o considera como pertencendo ao gênero terror, propõe uma ficção arcaizante para questionar o vazio e ausência de sentido das relações contemporâneas. Recorremos aos conceitos de Georges Bataille, continuidade e descontinuidade, para provocar uma reflexão sobre essa relação do ser humano com as forças primitivas da morte e de eros. Desta forma, buscamos promover uma reflexão sobre diferentes aspectos da narrativa do filme em relação a essa experiência radical de suspensão do eu e de união às potências vitais fundamentais, no contexto do individualismo e da solidão do mundo pós-industrial.

Many followers of the socialist Kurdish liberation movement surround themselves with photographs of fallen militants who they respect and celebrate as martyrs. These images hold considerable power: they are able to direct speech, shape bodily comportment, and command the everyday lives of their spectators. This paper asks where this potency stems from and what effects it has. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with Kurdish communities in Turkey and Europe, it argues that displays of martyrs' photographs project a Kurdish body politic in the making, enrolling both those whom they depict and those who handle them into an alternative project of sovereignty that remains under acute assault. Key to this effect is how the photographs make the dead latent in the present. On the one hand, this makes the images immensely powerful media of political mobilization. Embodying the sacrifice of lifetime made by the fallen, the images become powerful vectors for feelings of indebtedness, commitment, and dedication that make distinct demands on the disposable time of those who contemplate them. On the other hand, photography's capacity to make the absent present and thereby upset linear emplotments of time also makes it a potentially unsettling medium. As a result, photographs of martyrs become crucial sites where political belonging and commitment are fashioned, consolidated, and potentially rebelled against. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article explores, by means of Aby Warburg’s work as a starting point, the survival (Nachleben) of the phenomenon known as “vampirism” in European culture. In order to attain this goal, Warburg’s perspective is paired with that of Carlo Ginzburg regarding his theory of Logosformel. This perspective addresses legends about vampirism as the survival of ancient rituals involving both the sacrifice and the blood of human beings as it is shown in Graeco-Roman sources. This research also intends to show the continuity of the legends about vampires in Modern Times through the prism of literature. We emphasize that the Warburguian method explains a profound structure that shapes the páthos that constitutes the human condition. Finally, this article proves the impurity of historical time to be a key fruitful character of the Warburguian approach for research.

The condemnation of Socrates by the city of Athens, as well as the compliance of the philosopher, are a constant ground in the research task of multiple academics. Before the most classical readings, which focus on the political response of a defeated Athens or on the instructive will of the wise, the interpretation of Socrates appears as a sacrificial victim. This article analyses the teaching around evil and ignorance, concepts inevitably linked by the Platonic literature, which is born from this interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En este artículo se indaga la relevancia de la noción de sacrificio para comprender ciertas desigualdades persistentes en las relaciones de género en los circuitos dancísticos profesionales del tango y la danza contemporánea en Buenos Aires. A partir de los datos recolectados en un trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado entre 2014 y 2020 con un grupo de bailarinas madres, se observa que las representaciones del sacrificio son centrales para comprender los repertorios discursivos que son movilizados para reivindicar un compromiso total e intensivo con el rol de bailarina y para postular una incompatibilidad inherente a la carrera dancística con la maternidad. Se concluye que este ideal de sacrificio y consagración provoca sensaciones de desajuste e incompatibilidad dentro de los proyectos personales de muchas artistas de cara a la conciliación de la profesión y la maternidad.

Objetivo. Revisar las causas, consecuencias y métodos de determinación de la carne DFD con el fin de contribuir al conocimiento de esta anomalía para encontrar alternativas que contrarresten su presencia. Desarrollo. La carne DFD se presenta cuando las reservas de glucógeno muscular no son suficientes para que el pH descienda a su punto óptimo 24 h después del beneficio. Se estudian diversos factores ambientales e inherentes al animal que pueden estar interrelacionados y que serían los responsables de estrés y consecuente aparición de carne DFD. Así mismo, se revisan los diferentes métodos con los cuales se puede determinar esta condición. Consideraciones finales. El manejo de los animales pre- y pos-beneficio es determinante en la aparición de carnes DFD. Conocer los factores que influyen sobre su presencia y los métodos disponibles para su determinación puede contribuir con la disminución de esta anomalía y mejorar la calidad de las canales.

The deaths of people and the disappearance of bodies or body parts are related to namakakattha, monetary enrichment, the production (and increasing circulation) of manufactured goods and labor power in northern Mozambique. This article addresses the Macua worldview in terms of the conception of sacrifice and its relation to the labor force, in connection with vital strenght and enrichment. The methodology is qualitative (participant observations, semi-structured interviews and field diary). The results show that structural economic changes have had an impact on socio-cultural interpretations of sacrifice and enrichment. This research is novel in terms of the analysis of deaths in relation to sacrifice, work and factory production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Cincinnati Romance Review is the property of University of Cincinnati, Department of Romance Languages & Literatures and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this article is to focus on the references to Iphigenia's sacrifice in the extradramatic past, which is referred to on numerous occasions in Iphigenia in Tauris. This occurs not only in the prologue, which would perhaps be expected, but such references traverse the whole tragedy. This treatment, on the other hand, will be analyzed in the context of a constant feature of the tragic genre that is exacerbated in the case of Euripides: ritual perversion and conflation. For this, we will develop four axes: the improper nature of the sacrifice in Aulis, the confusion between the sacrificial and the nuptial registers, the references to Helen as the human cause of the sacrifice and the part of goddess Artemis in this matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Il seguente articolo propone di ripensare e ampliare il concetto di «specismo» come norma sacrificale. Il concetto cardine sul quale tale norma si sviluppa è quello di «specie» la cui connotazione politico/performativa è oscurata dalla presunta oggettività di un lessico scientifico. Nelle seguenti pagine viene dunque proposta una decostruzione di tale concetto e infine suggerita una modalità alternativa con cui opporsi alla macchina specista: l’antispecismo del comune.

Il proposito di questo articolo è quello di analizzare l’influenza che il pensiero di Georges Bataille ha avuto su quello di Jean-Luc Nancy. La comparazione sarà portata avanti utilizzando il corpo come principale protagonista. Attraverso alcuni concetti fondamentali delle teorie bataillane si procederà ad analizzare i punti di connessione riscontrati nell’opera di Nancy Corpus. L’idea di base è dimostrare quanto del “corpo bataillano” sussiste in quello del filosofo più contemporaneo, evidenziandone l’importanza e l’impatto. Tale approccio consentirà, inoltre, di mettere in risalto quei punti in cui Nancy supera Bataille, portando avanti una visione del corpo molto più attuale e vincolata alla frammentarietà dell’individuo.

This essay asks if there is in the intellectual, literary and political production of Georges Bataille a subversion of evil as the virile desire for sovereignty and power. To answer this, it approaches the conceptualization that Bataille did on virility in three distinctive moments of his oeuvre. The first one is during his militancy in the movement Contre-Attaque, in which he conceived virility as a belligerent will against fascism. The second one corresponds to the foundation of Acéphale and the believe that virility implied the heroic apprehension of the existence as a whole and not just the one imposed by modern civilization. Finally, the third moment is marked by the inner experience, which I defend to be the meditative itinerary in which the virile desire is subverted. The essay concludes, nonetheless, raising critiques and questions about this same experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The philosophy of Maria Zambrano starts from the metaphysical field. His metaphysics is an ontology, from the dark and impenetrable sacred, from where being arises. Poetic reason is an epistemology that starts from experience, it is a bridge that saves the qualitative aspect of life from the quantitative reduction of the world by hegemonic logic. We must not forget that piety is the link that runs through the entire historical relationship between God and man. Throughout this process, man elaborates and develops his own consciousness, as well as a clear relationship or divine-human or human-divine pursuit. The great human tragedy is not being able to get rid of God even if he comes to deny him, because it is part of his own structure. In the divine is found the realm of man's freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this installment we use the concepts of coexistence, sociability, and intimacy, to analyze the untimely disruption of routines and the perception of daily life forced by the social distancing decreed during the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic in Mexico. By qualifying this situation as a sacrifice, we highlight that one of the notable losses of the health emergency has been the socio-emotional tranquility resulting from the limitation of the warmth produced by personal contact and face-to-face encounters. From the one that is related to public or institutional action, to the one that derives from the closest relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Estudios de Teoría Literaria is the property of Estudios de Teoria Literaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)