Search

2023 Otros acuerdos transformativos UCM, Emerging adulthood is an important developmental period, associated to mental health risk. Resilience research points to both social and personal protective factors against development of psychopathology, but there is paucity with their comprehensive study in young adults. This study provides and initial integrative approach to model multiple dimensions of perceived social support (i.e., from family, friends, significant others) and personal factor of trait resilience (i.e., coping and persistence during stress, tolerance to negative affect, positive appraisals, trust) and their hypothesized contributions to reducing depression and anxiety rates. The study was conducted with a sample of 500 Spanish emerging adults (18 to 29 years old). Regression analyses and multiple mediation models were performed to test our hypotheses. Results showed that social support from family was the dimension with the highest strength relating individual differences in resilience. Furthermore, analyses supported a differential mediating role of specific resilience factors (coping and persistence during stress, tolerance to negative affect, positive appraisals, trust) in partially accounting for the association between higher social support from family and lower depression and anxiety levels in young adults. These results may inform new programs of mental health during emerging adulthood via the promotion of different sources of social support and their related resilience pathways contributing to low emotional symptomatology at this stage of development., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Depto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub, APC financiada por la UCM

Previous research has made significant progress elucidating the nature of cognitive biases in emotional disorders. However, less work has focused on the relation among cognitive biases and emotional responding in clinical samples. This study uses eye-tracking to examine difficulties disengaging attention from emotional material in depressed participants and to test its relation with mood reactivity and recovery during and after a stress induction. Participants diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and never-disordered control participants (CTL) completed a novel eye-tracking paradigm in which participants had to disengage their attention from emotional material to attend to a neutral stimulus. Time to disengage attention was computed using a direct recording of eye movements. Participants then completed a stress induction and mood reactivity and recovery were assessed. MDD compared with CTL participants took significantly longer to disengage from depression-related stimuli (i.e., sad faces). Individual differences in disengagement predicted lower recovery from sad mood in response to the stress induction in the MDD group. These results suggest that difficulties in attentional disengagement may contribute to the sustained negative affect that characterizes depressive disorders., Spanish Ministry of Education, Depto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

Despite significant advancements in the research of subjective well-being (SWB), little is known about its connection with basic cognitive processes. The present study explores the association between selective attention to emotional stimuli (i.e. emotional faces) and both the emotional and cognitive components of SWB (i.e. emotional well-being and satisfaction in life, respectively). Participants (N = 83) were asked to freely watch a series of 84 pairs of emotional (happy, angry, or sad) and neutral faces from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces database. Eye tracking methodology measured first fixations, number of fixations, and the time spent looking at emotional faces. Results showed that both the emotional and cognitive components of SWB were related to a general bias to attend to happy faces and avoid sad faces. Yet, bootstrapping analyses showed that positive emotions, rather than life satisfaction, were responsible for the positive information-processing bias. We discuss the potential functionality of these biases and their implications for research on positive emotions., Spanish Ministry of Economy, Depto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

Sustained attentional processing of negative information plays a significant role in the development and maintenance of depression. The present study examines the relationships between rumination, a relevant factor in information processing in depression, and the attentional mechanisms activated in individuals with different levels of depression severity when attending to emotional information (i.e., sad, angry and happy faces). Behavioral and physiological indicators of sustained processing were assessed in 126 students (39 dysphoric and 87 non-dysphoric) using eye-tracking technology. Pupil dilation and total time attending to negative faces were correlated with a global ruminative style in the total sample. Furthermore, reflection and brooding components of rumination showed differential associations with the total time attending to emotional faces in dysphoric and non-dysphoric participants. Finally, the relationships between global rumination and pupil diameter to emotional faces were accounted by total time attending to emotional faces, specifically for participants reporting lower levels of depression severity. The results support the idea that sustained processing of negative information is associated with a higher ruminative style and indicate differential associations between these factors at different levels of depressive symptomatology., Spanish Ministry of Education, Depto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

Attention and interpretation biases are closely involved in depression-related processing of emotional material. However, it is unclear whether attention and interpretation biases reflect a processing tendency (i.e., driven by schemas or prior learning) or an ability-related process (i.e., dependent on attentional control). This study tested how depressive symptom severity, attention bias, and interpretation bias are related under tendency versus ability processing conditions. Fifty-two participants completed two versions of the scrambled sentences test (to measure interpretation bias) while eye movements were recorded (to measure attention bias) in separate experimental sessions. To assess tendency and ability processes, participants were instructed to unscramble the sentences by reporting the first sentence that comes to mind (tendency version; session 1) and to unscramble the sentences in a fixed, positive manner (ability version; session 2). Results showed that depressive symptom severity was correlated with attention bias under both tendency and ability conditions. Analyses showed that attention bias (i.e., the fixation time spent on positive versus negative words) acted as an intervening variable in the relation between depressive symptoms and interpretation bias only during ability processes. These findings suggest that depression-linked biases in attention reflect both processing tendencies and ability-related processes in attentional control, with attentional control as a relevant mechanism in the subsequent interpretation of emotional material. Implications for cognitive theories and cognitive training methods are discussed., Depto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

The present study tested the interplay between mood and attentional deployment by examining attention to positive (i.e., happy faces) and negative (i.e., angry and sad faces) stimuli in response to experimental inductions of sad and happy mood. Participants underwent a negative, neutral or positive mood induction procedure (MIP) which was followed by an assessment of their attentional deployment to emotional faces using eye-tracking technology. In the positive MIP condition, analyses revealed a mood-congruent relation between positive mood and greater attentional deployment to happy faces. In the negative MIP condition, however, analyses revealed a mood-incongruent relation between increased negative mood and greater attentional deployment to happy faces. Furthermore, attentional deployment to happy faces after the negative MIP predicted participants’ mood recovery at the end of the experimental session. These results suggest that attentional processing of positive information may play a role in mood repair, which may have important clinical implications., Spanish Ministry of Education, Depto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

Low autobiographical memory specificity has been a commonly recurring phenomenon in depression. Difficulty in remembering specific details in autobiographical memory tests has been related to rumination, although the nature of this relation is not clear yet. In the present study, we evaluated differences in overgeneral memory patterns between dysphoric (n = 65) and non-dysphoric participants (n = 74) using a free-recall method that may be more suitable for detecting overgeneral memory patterns than previously used methods. Furthermore, this study examined whether a specific maladaptive component of rumination (i.e., brooding response style) is particularly related to autobiographical memory patterns in depression. Our results showed that dysphoric participants reported less positive specific memories, and more extended and categoric memories than non-dysphoric individuals. Furthermore, correlation analyses showed that the maladaptive component of rumination (i.e., brooding), but not the adaptive component of rumination (i.e., reflection), was specifically associated to the reduced autobiographical memory specificity found in dysphoric participants., Ministry of Research, Science and Innovation, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Depto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

El objetivo general de este proyecto de innovación es desarrollar y proporcionar al alumnado un novedoso programa que integre el uso efectivo de estrategias empíricamente validadas para promover su bienestar físico, emocional y psicológico.

CRUE-CSIC (Acuerdos Transformativos 2022), Rumination and worry are vulnerability factors involved in the early development of depression and anxiety during adolescence, particularly in girls. Current views conceptualize rumination and worry as transdiagnostic forms of repetitive negative thinking (RNT). However, most of research has analyzed them separately, without considering gender differences. We analyzed common and specific roles of rumination and worry in accounting for depressive and anxiety symptom levels overall and as a function of gender in adolescents (N = 159). Rumination and worry items were loaded into separate RNT factors. Girls showed a higher use of rumination and worry and higher levels of depression and anxiety than boys. Structural equation modeling supported that both RNT factors accounted for gender differences in symptom levels: rumination was the strongest mediator for depression and worry the strongest mediator for anxiety. Our findings support both general and specific contributions of RNT to account for affective symptomatology during adolescence, particularly in girls., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Comunidad de Madrid, Depto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

CRUE-CSIC (Acuerdos Transformativos 2022), Flexible use of emotion regulation (ER) strategies in daily life is theorized to depend on appraisals of occurring stressful events. Yet, to date, little is known about (a) how appraisals of the current situation modulate the use of ER strategies in daily life and (b) how individual differences in affective symptoms impact these relations among appraisals and ER strategy use. This study attempted to address these two limitations using a 5-day experience sampling protocol, with three surveys administered per day in a sample of 97 participants. Each survey measured momentary appraisals of stress intensity and controllability as well as ER strategy use (i.e., rumination, reappraisal, avoidance, and active coping). Results showed that, in situations of low-stress intensity, higher stress controllability was related to greater use of reappraisal and rumination. In situations of high-stress intensity, higher controllability was related to reduced use of rumination. This pattern of flexible use of ER strategies depending on momentary stress appraisals was found for both rumination and avoidance and occurred specifically in individuals reporting lower levels of depression and/or anxiety levels. These findings provide new insight into how flexible use of ER strategies in daily life is modulated by interactions between stress intensity and controllability appraisals at varying levels of affective symptoms., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Comunidad de Madrid, Depto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

La realización de ejercicio físico es fundamental para el mantenimiento de la salud. A pesar de ello, los niveles de actividad física actuales no parecen ser suficientes, y en la etapa universitaria suelen disminuir, por lo que se plantea este estudio que pretende ahondar sobre los motivos de práctica de estudiantes universitarios de la CAM. A través de la aplicación del cuestionario CAMIAF (Moreno et al., 2005) y una serie de preguntas personales a 119 universitarios observamos que son motivos significativos la Salud, la Estética, la Capacidad Personal, la Aventura y la Competición, quedando los motivos de aprobación o aceptación social como no significativos, siendo a su vez la Competición, la Capacidad Personal, la Aventura y el Hedonismo y Relación Social más significativos para los varones, así como la competición y la aprobación social más significativos para los estudiantes de carreras relacionadas con Salud y Deporte que para el resto. Además, los deportes o actividades más practicados/as por los universitarios/as de la CAM son aquellos que llamamos de Condición Física como CrossFit, Gimnasio, Calistenia o Ejercicio en Casa frente a los deportes individuales o colectivos, un cambio importante en relación a estudios previos. Y en cuanto a la frecuencia semanal de práctica, 60 practicaban 3 o más días a la semana y 59 practicaban 2 días, siendo que la mayoría empleaba entre 40 a 80 minutos por día, seleccionando los que practicaban 2 días motivos relacionados con la Competición o Capacidad Personal en mayor medida que los que practicaban 3 o más.

[ES] La pandemia del COVID-19 está suponiendo un gran reto para todas las empresas en todos los sectores. Nunca los empresarios habían tenido ante si un escenario en el que la toma de decisiones fuese tan importante para poder salvaguardar los ingresos de sus entidades. El mundo del deporte no ha estado ajeno a esta realidad y ha visto como grandes eventos y competiciones han sido aplazados o suspendidos lo cual en algunos casos ha sido algo histórico. En este TFG se va a realizar un análisis sobre como la pandemia del COVID-19 ha afectado a la industria del fútbol. Para ello, se observarán y analizarán mediante la implementación del DAFO y el PESTEL las diferentes estrategias que han tomado las entidades españolas del futbol profesional ante el descenso de sus ingresos. Además, se entrará en el detalle de la efectividad de dichas estrategias en la parte económico-financiera de los clubes que forman parte de la Comunidad Valenciana: Valencia C.F, Levante U.D, Elche C.F y Villarreal C.F., [EN] The COVId-19 pandemic is supposing a challenge for all the enterprises in every sector. Entrepreneurs have never been in such a scenery where decision making has been so important to protect the income of their entities. The sport`s world is not alien to this reality and has seen how many big events and competitions either have been delayed or suspended which in some cases it has been something historical. In this final degree project, there is going to be an analysis of how the COVID 19 pandemic has affected the football industry. To do this, it will be observed and analysed trough the implementation of the DAFO and the PESTEL, the different strategies that the professional football Spanish entities have taken before the decrease of their incomes. Also, it will go into detail on the effectiveness of such strategies in the economic − financial part of the clubs that are in the Valencian Community: Valencia CF, Levante U.D, Elche C.F and Villareal C.F.