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Program TunasNiaga is a program for the development of human capital by inculcating awareness about the importance of entrepreneurship in the national economyto secondary school students. This program does not only provide knowledge and entrepreneurial skills to students, but also help them to make career transition after completing the program and theirstudies. Thus, this paper aims to measure the knowledge and entrepreneurial skills of secondary school students who have participated in the Program Tunas Niaga. This study chose quantitative methods using instruments to measure the level of knowledge and entrepreneurial skills of students. In addition, an unstructured interview method is used to find out the problems faced by studentsand methods of solving the problems when they participated in the Program Tunas Niaga. A total of 379 students who participated in the Program Tunas Niaga in theState of Terengganu wereinvolved in this study. The study found that students agreed they have gained the knowledge and skills of entrepreneurship after joining Program Tunas Niaga. Results of the ANOVA post hoc Tukey test also found significant differences, with regards to the entrepreneurial knowledge, between students whose fathers are working in government and private sectors. In addition, the study also found that there are a few schools thatare not actively running the program and a few participants failed to attend the program because they were busy withother assignments. These problems would not nourish the potential and talents of students as they faced difficulties to participate in the activities of the Program Tunas Niaga. It is hoped that this study will be able to stimulate the organizers of the Tunas Niaga Program and its movers to play a more active role in conducting school entrepreneurial activities so that students can do work to produce economic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The participation of women in entrepreneurship plays a significant role in economic development especially in reducing unemployment, increasing production and consumption, achieving gender equality, social and cultural reforms. One of the dominant areas for women is batik and songket entrepreneurs who are synonymous with women on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Studies have identified three key elements that contribute to the development of this craft entrepreneur, viz. attitude, business inheritance and religious value culture. Qualitative design methods based on case studies and in-depth interviews were used in this study on 12 informants in the state of Kelantan and Terengganu in Malaysia. The findings show that there are three main factors that cause the formation of women handicraft entrepreneurs, namely attitude, family heritage and religious values. Hence, all the factors that make up a female handicraft entrepreneur in Malaysia are discussed in this article. The findings imply that increasing women entrepreneurs in handicrafts can raise the quality of handicraft products into becoming the best tourism products in the East Coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Household consumption behaviour refers to the expenditure incurred by the household. The progress of the Malaysian nation has given the people a great deal of modernity and is prone to materialism at the expense of their ability. Good income and expenditure management can improve the quality of life and contribute to sustainable consumption spending. The quality and well-being of one's life is an indispensable indicator of the direction of a developed nation. A study was conducted to identify factors influencing household spending on sustainable consumption. Multiple regression methods were used to examine the relationship between household spending and factors, namely income, employment, education, savings, dependencies, health and age. The results showed that each category of income had a significant factor of B40 (four significant factors), M40 (three significant factors) and T20 (one significant factor). It is hoped that this study will help policymakers and stakeholders in drafting guidelines for achieving sustainable spending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of women in business activities in urban and rural areas has been a major catalyst to the country's economic growth. Women in the East Coast, especially in Kelantan and Terengganu, are seen to be quite prominent in the business world. They are very active in two types of handicraft-based enterprises, namely batik and songket. The involvement of women in batik and songket entrepreneurship not only helps in the economic aspect of the family but also realizes their desire to become a woman entrepreneur. This research aims to determine the encouragement in the formation of women batik and songket entrepreneurs in Malaysia. The qualitative case study design was used by using in-depth interviews and observations on 12 batik and songket entrepreneurs selected through the snowball sampling method in Kelantan and Terengganu. Information obtained from in-depth interviews was analyzed thematically while observations were analyzed through the inclusion of field notes, visual pictures as well as voice recordings. The results showed that the encouragement of the formation of batik and songket women entrepreneurs, the basis is the influence of the family which consists of the process of family socialization, family skills, interests, and contributions to the family. Therefore, their involvement in batik and songket entrepreneurship can be attributed to the constant upbringing and exposure from the family to form women entrepreneurs. Through entrepreneurial activities, women entrepreneurs have the potential to generate high income for their families. The high profits earned through the batik and songket industry also encourage other women to participate in batik and songket entrepreneurship in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization in the fishery industry has affected the country's income, fishermen's income and social interaction in Malaysia, especially in the ECER Region. This paper has two objectives, first discussing the development of the fishery industry in the ECER region; Secondly, examine the impression of industrial fisheries development and its relation to the transitional point of the deep-sea fishermen. The study combines primary data and secondary data to get results studies. The study was conducted through a qualitative approach by interviewing 17 informants consisting of deep-sea skipper. Informants are selected through purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The study was conducted in ECER (East Coast Economic Region) which involved four states namely Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang and East Johor. The results of the interview are transcribed in the form of verbatim words which are the words of informants. The verbatim data were analysed using thematic analysis involving the coding process, the categorization and finally the theme output to answer the questionnaire. The analysis of the study found that the development of the fisheries industry affected the transitional process that occurred to deep-sea fishermen. The transition shows that deep-sea fishermen can accept changes in industry fisheries. In fact, the fishery transition process itself affects the social, economic, physical and policy aspects of the fisheries industry. An important discovery is some deep-sea skipper, have become fishery entrepreneurs known as 'juragan-pengusaha' (skipper-entrepreneur). Recognition of skipper as entrepreneurs indirectly impacts strategic policies in the fisheries industry in relation to the national food security assurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The communities that settle in river estuarine are categorized as underdeveloped and fall behind mainstream development. The scenario occurs in Terengganu, particularly in Pulau Sekati.In this era of globalization, the rapid transformation process that takes place in Kuala Terengganu has a profound effect on this estuary community. The question of socio-cultural change among the estuary community is an important point in this study. This study aims to study the socioeconomic changes of the estuary community in Kampung Pulau Sekati. This study adopted a qualitative approach used was semi ethnographic using semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews were also conducted with 25 informants (22 chief household and 3 household).The findings show that socio-cultural aspects of neighborhood activity are still strong and are the core of strength among community members, while socio-cultural societal practices in the community are still practiced and some have faded in the decades of time. Besides that, from the sociocultural aspect, especially in the context of education, based on four generation from grandfather, father, informants and informant's children. Therefore, this study is expected contribute to the scientific corpus in Sociology Development especiallythe study of the changes and implications of the modernization of the estuary community. The results of this study will help the government and other stakeholders may formulate and implement appropriate programmes to stimulate and manage change and development in this marginalized community estuarine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of sociocultural change and social mobility among the estuarial communities is an important topic in the overall research on social change. Over the past two decades, the process of modernisation has rapidly taken place and impacted the communities significantly. This study aims to examine the issues regarding sociocultural change and the social mobility of the estuarial communities in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A survey was conducted on 596 respondents, where interviews and observations were carried out in 6 fishing villages in the estuaries located in Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang. The research findings show that the sociocultural aspects seen through neighbourhood activities in the estuarial communities are still being held on to strongly and have become a practice of tradition. Social mobility through types of occupation has also changed, whereby working as a fisherman as the main source of income has gradually become less appealing to the younger generations. Youths of the younger generation are more inclined to work on land. The more open nature of the communities makes it more likely for social mobility to occur among the younger generation. The transformation of the estuarial communities due to education, as experienced by four generations, is examined in terms of the grandfather, the father, the respondent, and his child. Since the era of pre-independence, post-independence and upon the advent of the 21st century, 'steps' of mobility based on the level of education has increasingly been acknowledged by the estuarial communities as a main condition to lead a better life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]